湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团初中课程中心2019届九年级第八次限时检测英语答案

2018-2019-2长郡集团九年级月考英语试卷时量120分钟满分120分I.听力技能(两部分，共20小题，计20分)Ⅱ.知识运用(两部分，共20小题，计20分)第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

(共10小题，计10分) ()21.I will call you as soon as he_________here tomorrow.A.will arriveB.arrivesC.arrived()22.They go out of their way_________at home.A.make me feelB.to make me feelingC.to make me feel()23.--Have you finished your homework?--Yes.I_________it with my best friend by the end of10o'clock.A.finishedB.have finishedC.had finished()24.__________is a pity that he can't come to my birthday party.A.ThisB.ItC.That(1)25.--May I_________your English-Chinese dictionary?--Sorry,I_________it at home.A.lend;leftB.borrow;leftC.borrow;forget()26.--Who's that boy reading in the garden?Is it David?--It_________be David.I saw him in the classroom just now.A.mustB.can'tC.may()27._________interesting movie Wolf Warriors II is!I didn't regret_________it.A.What an;seeingB.What an;to seeC.How;to seem()28.Recycling is one way to protect the environment,reusing is_________.A.anotherB.the otherC.other()29.---Where is the camera_________my father bought in Japan?--Oh,let me see.I put it in your suitcase.A.whenB.whoseC.that()30.-What did Lisa ask you about the trip to Beijing?--She asked me_________.A.who was the guide of the tripB.when they will visit Mount XiangC.if she can go to Tiantan Park on the second day第二节词语填空通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

2018-2019-1长郡教育集团初三入学考试英语试卷时间120分钟满分120分I.知识运用(两部分，共40小题，计40分)第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

(共30题，计30分)()1.—Does Jane have fever?—Yes,she does.I think she should go to hospital.A.a;theB.an；/C.the;an()2.—How is your grandma?—She is fine.She used to TV at home after supper.But now she is used tofor a walk.A.watch;goB.watching;goC.watch;going()3.When Bob had the flu,his mother him day and night.A.found outB.took upC.cared for()4.—Could you please when you go out?It smells terrible in the room.—Sure.A.take out the rubbishB.sweep the floorC.fold the clothes ()5.Many people like reading newspapers they can learn what’s happening in the world.A.so thatB.ever sinceC.as soon as()6.When you me last night,I the piano.A.were calling;was playingB.were calling;playedC.called;was playing()7.—Who lives together with your grandmother?—.She lives alone.I often go to see her.A.NobodyB.SomebodyC.Anybody()8.bad people,the Monkey King uses a magic stick.A.To fightB.FightingC.Fought()9.—is the population of your city?—About one million.A.WhatB.How muchC.How many()10.Lily is my classmate.We each other since she came to our school.A.knowB.knewC.have known()11.My family has two dogs.One is white,is black.A.otherB.the otherC.another()12.—Have you watched NBA games?—Yes,I really enjoy them.A.everB.stillC.yet()13.—How long your brother this camera?—For two weeks.A.have;boughtB.have;hadC.has;had()14.—Could I watch TV for a while?—Of course you,But you finish your homework first.A.could;mustB.can;mustC.could;would()15.He failed in the math test and looks sad.Let’sA.put him upB.cheer him upC.clean him up()16.When you finish a book,you should have a shower.A.readB.readsC.reading()17.What were you doing the time of the rainstorm?A.inB.onC.at()18.beautiful girl she is!A.What aB.HowC.What()19.He can speak English as as people from England.A.goodB.betterC.well()20.I will send you an e-mail as soon as I in Canada.A.arriveB.will arriveC.arrived()21.—I’m not going to the cinema tomorrow afternoon.—.I have to study for the test.A.So am IB.Neither am IC.Neither I am()22.—join us for dinner?—Sure!A.Why do youB.Why don’tC.Why not()23.I didn’t hear the phone because my family TV then.A.were watchingB.are watchingC.watched()24.the weather report,it will rain tomorrow.A.In order toB.According toC.As for()25.The French book must Li Lei.He’s the only one that is studying French in his class.A.belong toB.have toC.be()26.It is that the little boy finished these difficult tasks in one day.A.believeB.believableC.unbelievable()27.—This is fascinating town I have ever visited.—Yes.I’ve never seen a one.A.the worst;biggerB.the most;betterC.the better;best ()28.Wonder Woman for15days and many of us like the film very much.A.beganB.has begunC.has been on()29.TFBOYS is one of groups in the world and they have fans all over the world.A.the most popular;millions ofB.the more popular;millions ofC the most popular;million of()30.,we should study hard.,we should learn to rest.A.Not only;But alsoB.Because;SoC.On the one hand;On the other hand第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

2019年长沙市初中学业水平考试试卷英语（试卷分为四个部分，75小题，时量120分钟，满分120分）I．听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分）第一节听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共5小题，计5分）1．Where did Jim go last weekend？A．The science park．B．The countryside．C．The city library．2．How often does the boy play basketball？A．Every day．B．Twice a week．C．Twice a month．3．What's the weather like now？A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Snowy．4．When will Mary have a picnic？A．On Friday．B．On Saturday．C．On Sunday．5．What color does the girl like best？A．Green．B．Blue．C．Yellow．第二节听下面6段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共6小题，计15分）听第六段对话，回答第6、7小题．6．What will the man do next？A．Leave right away．B．Stay for dinner．C．Catch a train．7．How long will it take the man to get to the station？A．Half an hour．B．One hour．C．One and a half hours．听第七段对话，回答第8、9小题．8．When will they go for a trip？A．In June．B．In July．C．In August．9．How long will they stay there？A．For five days．B．For a week．C．For a month．听第八段对话，回答第10、11小题．10．What is the second gift for Cathy？A．A skirt．B．A car．C．A computer．11．What's the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Husband and wife．B．Boss and secretary．C．Father and daughter．听第九段对话，回答第12至14小题．12．What is John doing at the moment？A．Cleaning the kitchen．B．Watching TV．C．Writing an email．13．How old is Mark？A．Seven．B．Eight．C．Nine．14．What makes John unhappy？A．His mother's strictness．B．His brother's laziness．C．His uncle's arrival．听第十段对话，回答第15至17小题．15．Who helped Bob to make progress in math？A．Jack．B．Lucy．C．Tony．16．Which subject has become Lucy's favorite？A．Math．B．History．C．Physics．17．What are the speakers mainly talking about？A．History classes．B．Talent shows．C．Special memories．听下面一段独白，回答第18至20小题．18．In which country do children pick up things on their first birthdays？A．China．B．Mexico．C．America．19．When do girls in Mexico have a special birthday celebration？A．At age 15．B．At age 18．C．At age 21．20．What is often put on the top of a cake for the 21st birthday？A．A candy．B．A coin．C．A key．II．知识运用（两部分，共10小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空．（共10小题，计10分）21．_______ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!（）A．What B．What a C．How22．Keep trying，______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you．（）23．Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ______ environmental protection，and we learned something about recycling of waste．（）A．on B．at C．to24．--- I can't find Sarah．Where is she？---She ______ for tomorrow's Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home．（）A．prepares B．will prepare C．is preparing25．--- So sorry，I took your school T-shirt by mistake．But where is _______？--- Don't worry．Let me help you find it．（）A．yours B．his C．mine26．I ______ abroad for several years，but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland．（）A．am living B．lived C．have lived27．---Perfect photos! Good skills!---Thank you．They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone．In fact，I am not skillful at all．（）A．took B．were taken C．will be taken28．Of the two physics problems，Martha just finished ______ one．（）A．the most difficult B．the least difficult C．the less difficult29．China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world．（）A．who B．which C．what30．Life is like a story．What matters is not how long it is but______．（）A．how good it is B．how good is it C．what good it is第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案．（共10小题，计10分）Thanksgiving was just around the corner．The menu（菜谱）had been set．The shopping list was made．31 seemed perfect．I could taste turkey and mashed potatoes（火鸡和土豆泥）．Pictures of different pies，fruit and vegetables came into my mind．I couldn't 32 !The day before Thanksgiving my dad called a family meeting．He said we needed to practice being 33 ．"We are going to 34 at a homeless shelter（收容所）on Thanksgiving Day．" I couldn't believe this was happening．So we wouldn't cook our own Thanksgiving dinner？The holiday wouldn't be the same．I thought the day would be ruined（糟蹋）．The next morning，we got up 35 ．I followed my father to the shelter with my sleepy eyes．I had no great expectations and felt 36 all the way．As soon as we arrived，we got to work．There was so much to be done．But all I could think about was the dinner I couldn't enjoy．However，those thoughts soon 37 ．Over the next few hours，I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter．For some，this was the only hot meal they would eat that week．For others，it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal．The shelter was filled with 38 ．Through this experience，I learned that Thanksgiving is a time to think about your blessings（祝福）and look for ways to bless others．When I gave up what I had wanted，I discovered how much I have．It is much better to 39 than to receive．In the end，that Thanksgiving became an 40 experience．31．A．Something B．Everything C．Nothing32．A．wait B．care C．understand33．A．creative B．nervous C．thankful34．A．rush out B．help out C．check out35．A．early B．late C．suddenly36．A．excited B．good C．down37．A．appeared B．disappeared C．rose38．A．stress B．joy C．fear39．A．give B．take C．waste40．A．uncomfortable B．unreasonable C．unforgettableⅢ．阅读技能（四部分，共24小题，计48分）第一节图表理解阅读下面的图表，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共5小题，计10分）A41．The Yum Restaurant stays open for in total．A．two hours B．three hours C．five hours42．From the menu above，we know that ．A．bread and butter goes with startersB．there are four kinds of different ice creamC．the desserts are available for both lunch and dinnerB43．If you are accepted as part of the audience by EZ Comedy Club，you can ．A．perform there B．watch a live show C．record your own comedies44．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the poster（海报）？A．The host of the show．B．The way to join the audience．C．Recording time and location．45．We can infer（推断）from the poster that the show could be ．A．very serious B．quite funny C．kind of boring第二节短文理解阅读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共10小题，计20分）ARecently，a junior high school sent several students back homebecause they broke the school uniform（校服）rules．Should students wearschool uniforms？The Young World magazine held a discussion on thistopic（话题）．Kennedy：The school uniform is very important，because italways reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to studyhard．It also helps prevent school bullying（欺凌）．If everyone wears the same clothes，it is impossible to laugh at other people's clothing．Manson：The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts．Students should start school with no uniforms．As they make progress at school，they start wearing it．I always think children need to be proud of their school．The uniform is important for that．So，make students earn it! If they don't perform well，they should not be allowed to get one．Moorhead：In my opinion，kids don't have to wear uniforms．There should be more choices open to kids in education．They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves．Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school．And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty．Besides，they make the school lively and colorful．Patrick：I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms．They play a very important role in managing schools．However，a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students' behaviors．Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important．46．What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1？A．Present an opinion on a subject．B．Introduce a topic for discussion．C．Provide a way to solve problems．47．What is Kennedy in the second paragraph？A．A student．B．A teacher．C．A parent．48．In Manson's opinion，．A．students have the right to get school uniforms for freeB．students should be encouraged to earn school uniformsC．students performing well needn't wear school uniforms49．According to Patrick，what is more important？A．Managing schools by uniforms．B．Improving students' behaviors．C．Helping students express themselves confidently．50．We can learn from the text that ．A．Kennedy can't stand school uniforms B．Moorhead is against school uniform rules C．the writer holds the same opinion as Patrick'sBIt is believed that Huck Finn is based on（基于）a childhood friend of Mark Twain's．In fact，Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character（虚构的角色）on a real-life person．Severus Snape / John NettleshipSeverus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teaching magic in Harry Potter．The writer，J．K．Rowling，once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers．The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship，who taught Rowling chemistry．At first，Nettleship felt surprised．"I know I am a strict teacher，" he said．"But I don't think I am as bad as Snape!" On second thoughts，however，he said that he was so ill-tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad．Also，he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab．That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans．Alice / Alice LiddellFamously，Lewis Carroll's Alice in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell．Carroll was close to the Liddell family．One day，ten-year-old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story．Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole．The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down．And the rest is history．Dill / Truman CapoteIn To Kill a Mockingbird，Harper Lee based Dill on her childhood friend，Truman Capote．Capote once said，"Lee was my best friend．Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird？I'm a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived!"51．Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT．A．their jobs B．their looks C．their hobbies52．What does the underlined word "ill-tempered " mean in Paragraph 3？A．沉着冷静的B．优柔寡断的C．脾气暴躁的53．What made Carroll decide to create Alice's Adventures in Wonderland？A．Alice Liddell's requirement．B．His great interest in rabbits．C．His experience of travelling．54．Being a character of To Kill a Mockingbird，Truman Capote felt ．A．proud B．unsatisfied C．surprised55．The text is mainly about ．A．purposes of writing fictional storiesB．introductions to famous writers' childhood friendsC．characters of fictional stories from real-life persons第三节语篇补全阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文．选项中有一项为多余选项．（共4小题，计8分）Summer is here．One of the best ways to cool off on a hot summer day is to jump into a swimming pool．Swimming is great exercise，and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends．56．，so it's important to stay safe as you do it．Here are a few things you can do to swim safely．●Swim only in areas set for swimming．Don't swim unless there is a lifeguard（救生员）on duty．If you're on a beach near the ocean，this is especially important．In some places，fast currents（急流）can sweep swimmers away without warning．So if a sign says "no swimming"，please take care．●Be careful when diving（跳水）into the water headfirst．Most pools have deep ends where diving is safe．In natural water，don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough．57．，causing injury（伤害）or death．●Make sure you have a partner with you．Nobody knows what will happen while you are swimming．If something goes wrong，you can get help from that person as soon as possible．In this situation，58．．●Pay close attention to children's safety．Kids who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets．But by themselves they are not enough，59．．If you have a pool at home，put a fence（围栏）around it in case children fall in．And if a child disappears，check the pool first．第四节阅读表达阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题．（共5小题，计10分）I am Canadian．I started learning French when I was 10 years old．But my whole experience with the language was in the classroom．All of that changed，however，during my last summer of high school．As a 17-year-old girl，I flew across the country by myself for the first time! I headed for Quebec to live in the province with a French-speaking host family，who didn't speak any English．And I would learn French at a local school．On the first day of school，all of us students were given a test to determine（测定）our language level．We were required to speak only French all summer．I made every effort to communicate in a second language by making new friends，seeing movies and even ordering food from restaurants in French．Though I couldn't understand most of it at the very beginning，the whole experience was exciting and refreshing．On weekends，my classmates and I took trips to different places around the province．On one trip，we went whale watching on the St．Lawrence River．Even though it was raining，we could see huge whales swimming around our boat．The most memorable part of our trip was a visit to historic Quebec City．I walked along the stone streets，took pictures of the European-style（欧式的）buildings，and learned some stories there．Finally my efforts paid off! At the end of the summer，I was able to communicate pretty well．I couldn't wait to go back to school and talk with my French teacher．Being fully immersed（沉浸）in a French-speaking environment was a valuable learning experience．And it could be the main reason for my improvement in French．60．When did the writer fly alone for the first time？61．How did the local school determine the students' language level？62．Did the writer enjoy the experience of communicating in French？63．What did the writer think of the visit to historic Quebec City？64．What could be the main reason for the writer's improvement in French？IV．写作技能（三部分，共11小题，计32分）第一节语篇翻译阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文．（共5小题，计10分）Do you enjoy hitting the books？It doesn't mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand．That may be reasonable if you don't understand something inside your books．Hitting the books just means that you are studying hard．You can learn a lot when you hit the books．65．Especially before exams，most students spend a lot of time hitting the books to get good grades．This is just one example of expressions that can't be understood by taking them apart（分开）word by word．Expressions like this are called idioms（习语）．They are an important part of a culture's language．Languages and cultures are closely connected．One example of an idiom in the Chinese language is "dui niu tan qin"，or "to play the lute（拨弦乐器）to a cow．" 66．这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者．Let's get back to idioms that begin with the word "hit"．67．There are many of them in English，but it's not that easy for you to understand．One common idiom you may hear in English is "hit the road"．It means to leave or to go．You can say，"Hey，I need to hit the road．Can we talk about this another time？" Or simply，"It's time to hit the road．" When you are tired and you want to go to bed，you can say，"I need to hit the hay（干草）．" It means you want to go to sleep．68．That's because a bed was often a big bag with hay inside in the past．69．习语使你的语言生动而有趣．Let's hit the road to learn some and try to use them．65．66．67．68．69．第二节情景交际通读下面的对话，根据上下文补全对话内容．（共5小题，计10分）A：Hey，Joy．This is Steve，calling from the Tianmenshan Mountain of Zhangjiajie!B：Hi，Steve．You are already in Zhangjiajie？! Great to hear you! So 70 ？A：Oh，amazing! You know，Zhangjiajie is famous for its steep（陡峭的）mountains，which are quite different from those in our country．B：Really？71 ？A：No．Instead of walking，we took the cable car（缆车）．B：That was also an exciting experience，I suppose．72 ？A：For five days．My dad will have an important meeting next Monday．Work comes first．B：What a pity! Given more time，you could visit more places of interest．How about the food there？A：73 ! As a real foodie（吃货），I enjoy all kinds of traditional food here．And so do my family．B：You do？A：Yes．And tomorrow we are going to visit Huanglongdong．It is said to be one of the most beautiful karst caves（溶洞）in the world and it has interested so many travellers．B：Fantastic! Could you please tell me more about it when you are back？A：74 ．I'll see you in a few days．Talk to you soon．B：Thank you．Have a nice journey!第三节书面表达（计12分）75．假如你是李华，你们班输了上周的篮球赛．Henry认为是他未能投进最后一球所造成的，有的队友也因此而责怪他．请你写一封英文邮件安慰他，谈谈你对此事的看法，并就如何取得队友的理解提出建议．要求：（1）80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；（3）信中不得出现真实人名和校名．Dear Henry，I learned that you are feeling sorry and upset because of losing the basketball game……参考答案与解析I．听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分）1—5 BBABC 6—10 ACBAC 11—15 CCABA 16—20 BCAACII．知识运用（两部分，共10小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空．（共10小题，计10分）21．_______ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!（）A．What B．What a C．How【知识考点】感叹句．【思路分析】在橘子岛上进行野外旅行是多么有趣啊！【解题过程】根据句子结构可知是感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，语境中fun是不可数名词，乐趣，句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！故选：A．【总结归纳】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答。

2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团九年级（下）期中英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

A2023 is the Year of the Rabbit.In Chinese culture，the people who were born this year are the luckiest of all.And some people would like to choose rabbits as their pets.From small to large，there is a breed（品种）that is perfect for you.RABBIT BREEDSDUTCH ★★★★＄22.5The Dutch rabbit is black and white，weighing between 2.5 and 4.5pounds.It is gentle and easy to look after for both kids and adults.Rememberan interesting fact that their teeth never stop growing.HARLEQUIN ★★★＄30 （Buy one and get one for free）The harlequin rabbit is a new breed.It is medium-sized and weighs 6.5 to9.5 pounds.It's playful and curious，so it needs some toys to play with.Itwas first shown in France in the 1880s and renamed in the World Wars.MINI LOP ★★★★★＄27.5The mini lop rabbit is lovely with a large head and long ears.It has a weightof 4.5 to 6 pounds.It needs care.The Mini lop is cheerful and easily trained.So they are popular with people in the world.1. From the passage，we can know the ______ of the three different kinds of rabbits.A. sizeB. colorC. weight2. If you want to get two harlequin rabbits and a mini lop，you will pay ______ .A. ＄57.5B. ＄65.5C. ＄87.5BMr.Nature is the greatest artist in the world.It creates many wonders on Earth.Let's have a look at the three amazing tourism areas around the world.Cave of the Crystals（水晶洞）This cave is in Naica，Mexico.All those crystals are 40 feet long.Sadly，it is said that these crystals are decomposing（分解）inair.Trollstigen（巨魔之梯）In Norway，there is a road called Trollstigen.It is special becauseits steep incline（陡坡）can lead you to the top of the mountain.Standing on the top，you can enjoy the amazing views aroundyou.However，you can only visit this place from June to August，because it's too dangerous and cold to come here when thetemperature is low.Travertine-terraced Hot Springs（石灰华阶梯温泉）When you come to the place，you will be amazed at the hotsprings which look like snow.This place in Turkey is covered withtravertine.The travertine results from hot spring water in thisplace.The water in the terraced pools is about 100℉.（1）______ is the best time to visit Trollstigen.A.SpringB.SummerC.Autumn3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the chart？______A. Cave of the Crystals may disappear in the future.B. You can enjoy the beautiful snow if you go to Travertine-terraced Hot Springs.C. The water in the terraced pools is about 100℃.4. The reading material above is most probably ______ .A. a business planB. a geography reportC. a travel guideCWhat do you usually use memes（表情包）for？Two young women have turned fun memes into dance moves.They've gained about 800，000 fans with their funny performances.Asuan，26，and Lidawang，29，are two graduate students of Beijing Dance Academy.They wanted to create something different from the beautiful stage performances that they learned in school."We gradually found our own styles — funny moves，simple stories and ear-catching music.Whether the idea comes from memes，cartoons，or games，we take these periods of young people's pop culture and recreate them，" said Lidawang.However，being funny doesn't mean they don't put their heart into the dance moves.Memes are popular because of their expressiveness（表情丰富），and recreating that expressiveness with dance can be very challenging.It usually takes them one to six months to create a two-minute dance video.To improve their moves they would record their rehearsals（排练）and then look at their moves over and over again. Asuan even made a teaching video for one of their most popular dances — "the Yellow Alien"，based on the meme from the Spanish song Dame Tu Cosita.She worked out how to act like aliens — the relaxed shoulder，the deep squat（深蹲）move and the surprised but childish eyes.As many fans send them "homework" videos，their meme dances are becoming new memes themselves too."The nature of dance is to express and communicate.What we communicate and pass on to others is happiness and entertainment（娱乐），" said Lidawang."We're happy to call ourselves 'comedians in the world of dance'，" added Asuan.5. What do we know about Asuan and Lidawang's dance style？______A. It is popular among the students at Beijing Dance Academy.B. It is based on what they have learned at school.C. It comes from the pop culture of young people.6. Why are their dances challenging？______A. Because it is hard to find enough popular memes.B. Because it is difficult to recreate the expressiveness with dance.C. Because each move needs one to six months to check and discuss.7. "The Yellow Alien" in the passage is ______ .A. a Spanish songB. a popular danceC. a teaching video8. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage？______A. The two girls express the nature of dance in a special way.B. The two girls become very popular without making much effort.C. The two girls just take the memes from Chinese culture.9. What is the passage mainly about？______A. Memes based on funny dances.B. Popular dances among young people.C. Two dancers and their special dances.DHave you watched the recent TV series Three-Body？The showhas impressed audiences with its great visual effects（视觉特效）.One of the most exciting scenes must be Operation Guzheng.In order to find Trisolarans'（三体人的）messages on a huge ship，a force plans to cut the ship into pieces.They set up many thin strings（线）across the river，which are made from nanomaterial（纳米材料）.Looking like Guzheng，the strings quietly cut the steel ship into pieces as if the ship was soft tofu!In the TV series，the strings are as thin as a tenth of a human hair.To cut the steel ship，the pressure needs to be 200 MPa（兆帕斯卡，压强单位），according to the science website Guokr.How strong is that pressure？Imagine an elephant standing on a string!In reality，scientists won't be able to make such thin strings that wouldn't easily break，at least for years to come.The cutting will also create lots of heat.We don't have the material to bear the high temperature while it's also thin enough to cut through.But what we have today is called "water jet cutting（水刀）".We can cut hard materials such as metal，stone，or glass using a high-pressure jet of water.The water's speed can reach 1，000 metersper second （about three times the speed of sound），and the pressure can be over 400 MPa. However，the water jet can only cut things less than 20 centimeters thick.That's still far away from the nanotechnology in the show.10. What's the writer's main purpose of writing the first two paragraphs______A. To introduce a topic.B. To give an example.C. To compare with the reality.11. What does the underlined word "force" in paragraph 2 mean？______A. 力量B. 部队C. 暴力12. How does Operation Guzheng get its name？______A. They use the sound of Guzheng to send messages.B. They use strings from Guzheng to communicate.C. They use Guzheng-like strings to cut a steel ship.13. What makes Operation Guzheng impossible in reality______A. No string can bear such high pressure and heat as shown in the series.B. Strings can't be made as thin as a tenth of a human hair.C. Strings can't be made long enough to go across a river.14. Why can't the "water jet cutting" be used for Operation Guzheng？______A. Because it can't be used to cut metal.B. Because the ship is too thick for it to cut.C. Because it can't produce high enough pressure.15. Whether we are going to school or going to work，we are all sad to leave the weekend behind and go back to our Monday morning blues.However，I'd like to share some tips with you.（1）______*Love what you do.Loving your job will make you look forward to the week ahead.Try to find something positive in your workplace.（2）______*Do what gives you feelings of comfort.If the clock rings and you still feel sleepy，stay in bed for a short time.（3）______ When you get up，you can make a cup of coffee and listen to some music. *Try to give yourself a little something extra.A good reward for Monday would be a treat you wouldn't have in the rest of the week.（4）______ This way，you will know that even if you'reworking hard，you will have something good waiting for you at the end of the week.*Go to bed early on Sunday night.Your mind will react quickly on Monday morning.If you wake up early，you will have more time to get ready for the day.*（5）______ Before you leave your workplace or school on Friday，you should prepare all the things you need，so you won't be so stressed on Monday morning and start the week right.A.Get yourself organized on Friday evening.B.This will help you feel more relaxed.C.It could be a friend，a partner，or the work you do.D.You can get over those blues and face Monday mornings with a smile.E.Plan a night out for films or dinner on Friday.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)16. July 19 in 2022 was a special day.On that day，Japanese figure skater（花滑运动员）Yuzuru Hanyu announced（宣告）his retirement（退役）.However，this doesn't mean he has given up on the sport.Instead of competing in events，he has started giving performances.On Feb.26，2023，the "ice prince" returned with his biggest professional ice show yet — Gift.More than 35，000 visitors poured into the Tokyo Dome，one of Japan's biggest event halls，to watch Hanyu's two-and-a-half hour solo（单独的）show.It's also the first time the hall held a solo ice skating show.Cheers filled the hall as Hanyu performed all 12 performances of Gift by himself.He opened the show with The Firebird.Wearing wings of fire，he danced across the ice beautifully.Then along with the images（图像）of the sun，the moon，grass and other scenes from nature，Hanyu began to tell the story of Gift：loneliness and pain."I created Gift in the hope that it would be a gift to everyone's heart.What's more，it would provide a place for the people who feel lonely，" Hanyu said."There are things that I could have done better.But Gift was a one-time-only event，and I'm very proud of the fact that I was able to give a once-in-a-lifetime performance.It is truly unique to figure skating.I would be happy if even a small piece of my performance will remain in your memory，"he added.(1) When did Yuzuru Hanyu retire？______(2) How long did Yuzuru Hanyu's solo show last？______(3) Did Yuzuru Hanyu use different scenes to perform Gift？______(4) What did Yuzuru Hanyu want to tell us through the story of Gift？______(5) Why did Yuzuru Hanyu create Gift？______Just up the road is a field with two horses in it.They look the（1）______ from a distance.But if you（2）______ a closer look at the two horses，you will notice （3）______ very interesting.One of the horses is （4）______ .Instead of throwing away the poor horse，his owner has made a safe and comfortable barn（畜棚）for him to live in.If you stand （5）______ and listen，you will hear the sound of a bell.It comes from the smaller horse in the field.The bell is （6）______ the horse's halter （缰绳）.It helps the blind horse know （7）______ his friend is，so he can follow.As you stand and watch these two friends，you'll see that the smaller horse with the bell is always checking on the other horse，and that the bigger horse will listen for the （8）______ and then slowly walk to the smaller horse.When the smaller horse with the bell returns to the barn each time，he will stop to look back （9）______ .He wants to make sure that his friend isn't too far behind to hear the bell.In our life，we get help from others when we are in need.Sometimes we are the blind horse，being （10）______ by the ringing bell of our companions（同伴）.At other times，we are just the guide horse，helping others to find their way.17. A. different B. strange C. same18. A. take B. make C. show19. A. something B. anything C. nothing20. A. deaf B. blind C. stupid21. A. out B. nearby C. up22. A. in B. on C. above23. A. where B. how C. what24. A. song B. voice C. bell25. A. at a time B. every time C. from time to time26. A. caused B. moved C. guided27. Have you ever taken traditional Chinese medicine？Do you like its taste？Some people dislike it because of its bitter（苦的）taste，（1）______ more and more people are becoming interested in traditional Chinese medicine for the reason that it's（2）______ useful way to cure illness.For example，if you have a sore throat，you could drink hot water（3）______ Gancao. Chinese people（4）______ （use）traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Before the（5）______ （west）medicine appeared in China，Chinese doctors went to the mountains to pick herbs（草药）and even tasted（6）______ （they）in person.When we talk about Chinese medicine，we always think of Li Shizhen，one of the（7）______ （famous）doctors in ancient China.He used to travel in the countryside with a bag of herbs and cure patients.He spent 27 years（8）______ （write）Compendium of Materia Medica（《本草纲目》）.In 2020，COVID-19 hit China and many other countries.Ever since then，traditional Chinese medicine has made a big difference to the fight against COVID-19.It's reported that 91.5% of the COVID-19 patients in China received the traditional Chinese medicine treatment，and it worked （9）______ （good）on more than 90% of these patients.In September，2020，Zhang Boli（10）______ （honor）as "the People's Hero" for his contributions（贡献）.In a word，traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of China.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)28. Do you know when Father's Day is？It falls on the third Sunday of June every year.It is celebrated by most countries in the world because（1）父亲在他们孩子的成长中扮演着一个重要的角色。

长郡集团—2024-2025-1学年度初三上第一次月考第二部分阅读（共三节，计30分）第一节（共11小题，每小题2分，满分22分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AThere are lots of fun-filled ethnic (少数民族的) festivals in our country. Let’s take a look at some of them. Ethnic Festivals IntroductionsMarch Fair of Bai People The March Fair is the most important festival for the Bai people living in Dali, Yunnan. It starts from the 15th day of the 3rd lunar month and lasts about 7 days. During the festival, people in and around Dali come together for trade. What’s more, they race horses, dance to and sing traditional songs.Torch Festival of Yi People In Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, Yi people celebrate the Torch (火把) Festival. It usually takes place from the 24th to the 26th day of the 6th lunar month every year. As part of the festival, every family needs to light a torch. The idea is that these torches will drive away bad luck. In the center of town, there is always a bonfire (篝火). People of all ages sing and dance around it.Water Festival of Dai People The Water Festival is the New Year for the Dai people living in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. It lasts 3 days in April. During the festival, Dai people wear their festival suits to dance and throw water at each other (they believe it could bring happiness and good luck). The wetter you get, the luckier you will be.Interested in these Chinese festivals? Go and experience them yourself.( ) 21. Which festival lasts the longest time?A. The March Fair.B. The Torch Festival.C. The Water Festival. ( ) 22. Why do Yi people need to light a torch in the festival?A. Because they want to do some cooking with a torch.B. Because they think it can drive away bad luck.C. Because they think it can bring happiness and good luck.B There’s a new sport atthis year’s Paris Olympics: breaking (霹雳舞),sometimes called breakdancing. Here’s what you need to know about the sport.Why is it called breaking?Breaking started in the 1970s, in New York City. At parties, dancers got upto perform during musical “breaks”, which gave breaking its name. Breaking isnow an important part of hip-hop culture around the world.Who can be a breaker?Anyone can be a B-girl or a B-boy, which is what breakers call themselves. Voctor Montalvo is an American B-boy. “Breakning is great because it’s part of hip-hop culture, and in hip-hop culture, it doesn’t matter what color you are, who you are, where you’re from. It’s inclusive,” he says. “It’s all about peace, love, unity, and having fun.”What is the breakers’ language?Breakers have their own language to describe their dance style. They take turns to show their best moves in a friendly competition called “battling” (斗舞). They might spin, flip, or blance on their hands. It’s like playing withthe body to music. Normally, they would dance to fast and energetic music.Do the breakers pick their own music?No! In breaking competitions, a DJ picks the music for each round. The breakers never know what songs the DJ will pick, so they have to choose their moves on the spot (场所，地点).( ) 23. When did breaking first appear at the Olympics?A. In the 1970s.B. In 2024.C. In 2021.( ) 24. Which is close to the underlined word “inclusive” in meaning in paragraph 3?A. 独一无二的B. 广泛的C. 包容性强的( ) 25. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?A. An African girl can be a B-girl.B. The breakers usually dance to soft and light music.C. A DJ picks the music for the breakers in breaking competitions.( ) 26. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To tell us who can be breakers.B. To introduce a new sport at this year’s Paris Olympics.C. To encourage us to learn breaking.CWhich is more important in your mind, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You may find many people choose style over comfort and some even go to extremes (极端) to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn’t everything. It’s more important to be healthy.Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live?Also, many girls wear shoes with very high heels(鞋后跟). They might think high heels make them look taller. But these shoes can actually hurt their feet and make it hard to walk comfortably, and they can increase the risks of falls. Some even wear tight (紧的) clothes that influence blood circulation (循环), making it hard to breathe. Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health?Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money?So, let's think again what's really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being? Clothes or hairstyles don't tell us anything about a person's character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let's eat properly and exercise regularly(有规律地). Remember, the value of you is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person.( ) 27. Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage?A. Because the diets are healthy.B. Because they just want to look good.C. Because they want to save time.( ) 28. What is the writer’s purpose of using a question in each paragraph?A. To ask for help from readers.B. To introduce the latest fashion.C. To lead readers to think about the topic.( ) 29. What can we know from the passage?A. Wearing shoes with high heels can make people have trouble breathing.B. Changing the hair style too often has no influence on people’s health.C. Eating in the right way and doing exercise often can make people healthier.( ) 30. Which of the following is the structure of the passage?(①=paragraph 1; ②=paragraph 2...)第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

湖南省长沙市2019年中考英语试题及答案（word版）一、听力技能（三部分，共20小题，计20第一节每小题1．A B2．A B3．A B4．A B5．A B第二节对话理解听下面的对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

（共10小题，计10分）听下面的对话，回答第6小题。

6．Who is looking for Lucy?A．Linda. B．Sue. C．Tom.听下面的对话，回答第7小题。

7．How many girls are there in your class?A．45. B．25. C．20.听下面的对话，回答第8小题。

8．Where are the two speakers?A．In a restaurant. B．In a bank. C．In a classroom.听下面的对话，回答第9小题。

9．When will the woman come back?A．At 7:15. B．At 7:30. C．At 7:45.听下面的对话，回答第10小题。

10．What will the weather be like tomorrow?A．It will be sunny. B．It will be rainy. C．It will be cloudy.听下面的对话，回答第11至12小题。

11．How often does the bus run on Saturday?A．Once an hour. B．Twice an hour. C．Three times an hour.12．How far is the school from here?A．About 5 miles. B．About 15 miles. C．About 25 miles.听下面的对话，回答第13至15小题。

2023-2024学年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团九年级上学期期中英语试题阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。

M&L MallLocation:On the Main StreetIn front of a police stationShops:★1st floor: an amusement park ★2nd floor: an ice-cream shop ★3 rd floor: a toy shopOpening hours:9 am—9 pm(Monday to Saturday)Popularity: ★★★Jimmy’s MallLocation:On the Smith StreetAcross from the City ParkShops:★Underground: a parking lot ★1st floor: a video shop★2nd floor: a shoe shopOpening hours:9:30am—11:30pm(Tuesday to Sunday)Popularity: ★1. Where can you buy a pair of shoes?A．On the 1st floor of Jimmy’s Mall.B．On the 2nd floor of Jimm y’s Mall.C．On the 3rd floor of M&L Mall.2. When can people shop in a toy shop on Saturday?A．At 8:30 am. B．At 10:30 am C．At 9:30 pm.3. Who will show the most interest in M&L Mall?A．Businessmen. B．Music lovers. C．Children.THE 16-YEAR-OLD confidently walked to the edge of the diving platform (跳台) and turned around. Seconds later, she jumped from the water after a flawless (没有瑕疵的) 407C—the dive she is good at. Because of her excellent performance, all seven judges awarded her a perfect score of 10 points. China’s Olympic champion Quan Hongchan won the women’s 10m platform gold medal at the Hangzhou Asian Games.Nine years ago, the young girl was playing hopscotch (跳房子) with her classmates on the playground when a coach, Chen Huaming, noticed her. He found her talent on jump and thought that she could jump higher and further. His judgment turned out to be correct. Before the Hangzhou Asian Games, Quan was already an Olympic champion.In some ways, Quan is like any normal teenager. She loves snacks, amusement parks and grabbing dolls from claw machines (抓娃娃机) like most girls her age. Her favorite doll is a blue one-the color of a swimming pool—her elder brother gave her as a gift. She keeps it on her bed, a quiet friend that is always there to relieve her stress.Unlike her peers (同龄人), the young diver needs to train extremely hard and has to improve her family’s living conditions. Her family live in Maihe Village of Zhanjiang, and her parents have five children to feed with the little money from an orchard (果园). To make matters worse, her mother was disabled in a traffic accident in 2017.As a result, Quan has grown up to be brave and hardworking. She couldn’t even swim before she went to the sports school, but she was the first among all the new students to step onto the 3m springboard and the 10m platform. When asked if she was scared at the time, she answered, “I didn’t think about it that much. I just closed my eyes and jumped.” Soon, she fell in love with diving. Quan shot to fame after winnin g the gold medal in the women’s 10m platform at the Tokyo Olympic Games.4. When did Quan Hongchan start to train dive?A．When she was 9 years old.B．When she was 16 years old.C．When she was 7 years old.5. What does the underlined word (划线单词) “relieve” mean?A．缓解B．信任C．贬低6. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A．Quan Hongchan’s father was badly hurt in a traffic accident in 2017.B．Quan Hongchan lives in a rich family.C．Quan Hongchan has a big family.7. According to the passage, what is the most important achievement for Quan Hongchan?A．The women’s 10m platform gold medal at the Hangzhou Asian Games.B．The women’s 10m platform gold medal at the Tokyo Olympic Games.C．The women’s 3m springboard at the Tokyo Olympic Games.Dong Yuhui was a teacher at New Oriental, an English-language training organization. On June 9th 2022, he became a big hit online by selling agricultural (农业的) products through live-streaming (直播). Agricultural products, like fruits and beef, are from plants or animals.Unlike other live-streamers, Dong talked about what he would usually talk about in a classroom, both in Chinese as well as in English, before coming to the point. But his viewers just loved it. “It’s very good,” someone said. “I feel like being in a classroom.” That very evening, sales from his live-streaming reached 15 million yuan ($2.23 million), while his video was put on the daily hot list on popular short-video platform Douyin.New Oriental is finally seeing hope after a year of struggle. It faced its biggest challenge after the Ministry of Education introduced a national policy banning (禁止) after-school training.New Oriental finally found a way to overcome its difficulty: Selling agricultural products through live-streaming.Its struggle should serve as an inspiration for other organizations that have been badly hit because of the new policy. In fact, several video-sharing apps are already planning to attract live-streamers for agricultural sales. By October 2021, at least one app had got 126,000 “new farmers” born after 1995, who could clearly tell their viewers how they were growing fruits and vegetables and attracting more people to buy their products.There are yoga and boxing teachers, as well as carpenters(木匠), who share their knowledge or skills online and make money. It’s a new way to express themselves better.8. People can buy things through Dong’s live-streaming room EXCEPT ________.A．cellphones and watches B．grapes and beef C．rice and corns9. Why did “new farmers” tell their viewers h ow they were growing fruits and vegetables?A．To let more people fall in love with fruits and vegetables.B．To make more people be their friends.C．To attract more people to buy their products.10. How long did New Oriental spend struggling with its difficulty and finally see hope?A．About a week. B．About a month. C．About a year.11. From the passage we know ________.A．the Ministry of Education introduced a national policy to close New OrientalB．audiences love Dong very muchC．only teachers like Dong can express themselves better阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020年九年级英语上学期第8周校本练习湘教版Ⅰ.单项选择。

（20分）( )1.—How long _____ you _____ here? —Since I came here five years ago.A.have, studiedB.did, liveC.do, stayD.were, swimming ( )2. —Don’t eat too much candy, for it’s_____ your teeth. —Oh,I get it.Thank you.A.harm toB.good forC.badly toD.harmful to( )3.There is _____ pollution in the world. We must stop it.A.much tooB.too muchC.many tooD.too many( )4.—Is the flower beautiful? —Yes, at _____ it’s _____ the one you bought for me.st, as bad asB.least, no better thanst, not betterD.least, no worse than( )5. Pollution does harm to our health and it makes people_____.A.to feel terribleB. feel terribleC. to feel terriblyD. feel terribly( )6. _____ Tom_____Maria loves this sport.A.Both, andB.Not only, but alsoC.I, andD.Both, or ( )7._____ the environment is important for human beings.A.Take care ofB.Taking care ofC.Took care ofD.Take the care of( )8.—Have you finished your homework? —Not _____. I_____TV last night.A.already, have watchedB.yet, watchedC.just, watchD.ever, watches( )9.—It smells terrible. What has happened here?—Look, there is much waste gas _____ from the chemical factory.A.pourB.pouringC.pouredD.pours( )10.When I was walking in the street yesterday, I saw a UFO _____ over my head.A.flyingB.fliesC.flewD.to flyⅡ.情景交际。

一、选择题1．—Let me pay for the dinner.—No,you paid last time—this is my ________.A．chance B．treat C．service D．honor B解析：B【详解】句意：——我来付晚餐的钱。

——不，你上次付过了，这次我请客。

考查名词辨析。

chance 机会；treat款待；service服务；honor荣誉，根据固定搭配this is my treat意为“我请客”，故选B。

2．-Do you know who the pen ____________？-Sorry，I don't know.A．belong B．belong to C．belongs D．belongs to D解析：D【详解】句意“-你知道这支钢笔属于谁吗？-对不起，我不知道”。

belong属于，附属，不及物动词，后需要接to，即belong to“属于”，不用于被动语态与进行时。

根据主语the pen可知，谓语用第三人称单数，即belongs to，故选D。

3．I have no fun ____________ too much homework every day.A．do B．doing C．done D．did B解析：B【详解】句意“每天做太多的家庭作业是没有趣味的”。

本题考查动词形式。

根据固定结构have no fun doing sth. 意为“做某事不开心”可知，空处用doing形式，故选B。

4．At the end of each day, you should make a list of ____________ next day.A．what will you do B．what you will do C．what did you do D．what you did B解析：B【详解】句意“在每天结束的时候，你应该列一个明天你要做的事情的清单”。

2018-2019长郡集团期中考试九年级英语试卷II. 知识运用第一节语法填空从A、B、C 三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

1.—Mr. Li, I’m sorry! I ________ my English homework at home.—Don’t forget ________ it to school tomorrow.A. left; to bringB. forgot; to takeC. lost; to bring【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——李先生，对不起!我把英语作业忘在家里了。

——别忘了明天把它带到学校来。

考查动词辨析。

left丢下/忘了带，是leave的过去式；forgot忘记，是forget的过去式；lost丢失，是lose 的过去式；bring带来，与to连用；take拿走。

根据“______ it to school tomorrow”可知是带到学校来，后空需用bring；所以是“我忘了带英语作业”，前空需用left，故选A。

2.I have several novels written by Mo Yan. You can borrow________if you like.A. everyB. itC. one【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我有几本莫言的小说，你喜欢的话可以跟我借一本。

考查代词。

every每一；it它；one一个。

every做代词时只可用作定语；it做代词时代替前文提到过的同一事物；one做代词时指代前文提到过的同类而不是同一事物。

根据前面several novels，可知代词应指代“几本小说中的一本”，同类不同物。

故选C。

【点睛】that, it与one的用法区别：在英语句子中，为了避免重复，可以用that, it, one代替上文出现的普通名词。

1. it 的主要用法：it用以指特定的物，即上下文提到的、同名称的、同样事物的那个名词，而不是同类事物的其他东西。