2010年职称英语考试《理工类B级》考点精粹汇总二一、词汇选项1 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an articleA cooperatingB competingC combiningD arguing2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn westA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.A abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption4 These programmes are of immense value to old people.A naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect6 These are their motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answersD plans7 He is determined to consolidate his powerA strengthenB controlC abandonD exercise8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problemsA solving C settlingB exploring D handling9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habitsA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved10 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.A evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity11 The food is insufficient for three people.A instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate12 Thousands of people perished in the storm.A diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered13 But in the end he approved of our proposalA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business.A strangeB complexC personalD funny15 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factoryA functions C motionsB faults D parts二、阅读判断They say Ireland’s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain’s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and community life”.Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest(最差的) , picking up only 3. 89 points.“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, ” the report said, “some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown(崩溃) in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.“Ireland wins because i t successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life.”The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half the league at 60th.1. The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned2. Job security is the least important measure of life quality.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned3. Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned4. Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned5. Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned6. To measure life quality is easy.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned7. For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned三、概括大意A Star Is Born1 The VLT(Very Large Telescope)is the world’s largest telescope(望远镜)and is taking astronomers(天文学家)further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible.Located 2,600 meters up to the Chilean Andes，it has four huge mirrors，each about the size of a London bus.The VLT is so powerful it Can spot a burning match 10.000 kilometers away.2 This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision(碰撞)of galaxies(星系)on the edge of the cosmos(宇宙).The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos.The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed.3 Take the case of Eta Carinae，one of the most explosive stars in the universe.This star produces ultraviolet laser rays(紫外线)and it will destroy itself in a few million years’time.It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for!4 But it is at distances of millions，even billions，of light years that the VLT really shows its power.The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed.This gives astronomers their first—ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos.5 In other words.the VLT is a kind of a time machine.It takes astronomers back toa time when complete galaxies crashed into each other.The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists，and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come.One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time，and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.1. Paragraph 1 __E_.2. Paragraph 2 _B__.3. Paragraph 3 __C_.4. Paragraph 4 __A_.A. Events that took place before the earth existedB. Power of the telescopeC. Details of Eta CarinaeD. Invention of a time machineE. Biggest telescopeF. Birth of the new worlds5. The VLT will allow scientists to see events _B__.6. The designers of the VLT are surprised at _A__.7. Eta Carinae is taken _D__.8. Scientists believe the VLT will tell us more about _E__.A. its detecting powerB. millions of light years away in spaceC. the location of VLT3D. as an exampleE. the birth of the earthF. the rotation of the earth四、阅读理解第一篇：Invisibility RingScientists can’t yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the one that Harry Potter2 uses.But，for the first time，they’ve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and somethingplaced inside it invisible to microwaves.When a person “sees” an object，his or her eye senses many different waves of visiblelight as they bounce off the object.The eye and brain then work together to organize thesesensations and reconstruct the object’s original shape.So，to make an object invisible，scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it.And they have to make sure the objectcasts no shadow.Otherwise，the absence of reflected light on one side would give the obiectaway.Invisibility isn’t possible yet with wa ves of light that the human eye can see.But it is nowpossible with microwaves.Like visible light，microwaves are a form of radiant energy.Theyare part of the electromagnetic spectrum，which also includes radio waves，infrared light，ultraviolet rays，X rays，and gamma rays.The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter thanthose of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.The scientists’ new “invisibility device” is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like aring.The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability.When microwaves strike thering，very few bounce off it.Instead，they pass through the ring，which bends the waves allthe way around until they reach the opposite side.The waves then return to their originalpaths.To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring，it looks as if thewaves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So，the ring is effectively invisible.When the researchers put a small cdpper loop inside the ring，it，too，is nearly invisible. However，the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow.And the deviceworks only for microwaves，not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation.So，Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real competition yet.词汇：invisibility/invizE5biliti/n.看不见，无形 spectrum/5spektrEm/n.光谱cloak/klEuk/斗篷，披风 infrared/5infrE5red/adj.红外线的microwave/5maikrEuweiv/n.微波 ultraviolet ray 紫外线reconstruct/5ri:kEn5strQkt/v.重建 gamma ray 伽马射线radiant/5reidjEnt/adj.辐射的 wavelength/5weivleNW/n.波长electromagnetic/IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk/adj.电磁的coaster/5kEustE(r)/n.托盘，垫子练习：1.Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage，because scientistsAcan now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.Btry to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.Ctry to invent a device Similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.Dknow that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind.2.What is true of microwaves?ATheir wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light.BTheir wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.CThey are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy. DThey are visible to the human eye.3.What is NOT true of the invisibility device?AIt is made of a special material with unusual ability.BMicrowaves bounce off it when they strike it.CMicrowaves pass through it when they strike it.DIt bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side.4.What does the word “coaster” mean in the passage?AA disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.BA vessel engaged in coastal trade.CA roller coaster.DA resident of a coastal area.5.Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real competition yet，because Ascientists have not found out how his cloak works.Bthe cloaking device is a total failure.Cthe cloaking device works only for microwaves.Dthe cloaking device works only for visible light.第二篇：Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk DriversA concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan1 has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road.The car’s sensors传感器check odors inside the car and monitor a driver’s sweat for traces of alcohol.An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition system if the driver seems over-the-limit.The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driverand passenger seats，while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver’s palm.Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example，Sweden’s Volvo2 has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car’s seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start.Nissan’s new concept vehicle also includes a dashb oard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes.It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest3.The car technology is still in development，but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology. “For example，if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver，the facial recognition system would still be used,” Doi says.Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system，5but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015.The car’s seat belt can also tighten if dr owsiness is detected，while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However，Doi admits that some of the technology，such as the alcohol odor sensor，should be improved.“If you drink one beer，it’s going to register，so we need to study what’s the appropriate level for the system to activate,” he says.In the UK4,some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs.词汇:breathalyzer n.呼气酒精检测器 alertness/ E5lE:tnis/n.警惕sensor/5sensE(r)/ n.传感器 bypass /5baIpB:s/v.绕过odor/5EudE(r)/ n.气味 facial/5feiFEl/adj.面部的alert/E5lE:t/ adj.警惕的 fatality/ 5teilai/n.死亡事故ignition/ i^5niFEn/n.点火 tighten/ 5taitEn/v.变紧，绑紧gear-shift knob 换档把手 drowsiness/5drauzinis/n.昏昏欲睡perspiration/7pE:spE5reiFEn/n.出汗 activate/5Aktiveit/v.使活动，使激活dashboard/5dAF7bC:d/n.仪表板;挡泥板练习：1. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept careA It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drunk.B It has sensors that detect traces of alcohol inside the car.C It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.D It has a breathalyzer-like detection system.2. What has Volvo developed?A The same detection system mentioned in the previous paragraph.B A breathalyzer attached to a car’s seat belt.C A smart car seat belt.D An intelligent engine.3. What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4?A It monitors the driver’s eyes to see if he needs a rest.B It judges if the driver wants to pull over.C It judges if the driver wants to take a rest.D It issues an alarm when the driver speaks.4. According to Doi,A the overall effectiveness of the detection technology has improved.B Nissan is making a timetable to market the detection system.C it is impossible to improve the overall effectiveness of the detection system.D Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?A An external camera checks that the car is going properly.B The car will automatically keep to its lane.C The seat belt will tighten when the driver is found drowsy.D The technology of the alcohol odor sensor should be improved.第三篇：A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will1 in the world，reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming.It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions发射物，the uncertainties in our climate models still lea'ye open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level.At the same time，resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough. Fortunately，if the worst comes to the worst2，scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3.For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem.Until now，that is.A growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geoengineering” projects that might be used to counteract global warming.“I use the analogy of methadone4,” says Stephen Schneider，a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming.“If you have a heroin addict，the correct treatment is hospitalization，and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse，methadone is better than heroin.”Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” t o the whole planet.One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth;launch trillions of feather-light discs into space，where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun’s rays.It’s controversial，but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect.Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rays would cancel out the warm ing effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial，because even the most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century，and that would last for at least a century more.词汇：emission/i5miFEn/n.发射，发射物 heroin/5herEuin/n.海洛因complacency/kEm5pleIsEnsI/n.满足 hospitalization/7hCspitElai5zeiFEn /n.住院治疗thwart/WwC:t/v.反对，阻绕 rehab/ri:hAb/n.接受康复治疗geoengineering n.地质工程 astronomer/ E5strRnEmE(r)/n.天文学家trillion/ 5triljEn/n.(英、德) counteract/7kauntE5rAkt/v.抵消;抵制百万兆(1018);(美、法) 万亿，兆 (1012)controversial/7kCntrE5vE:FEl /analogy/E5nAlEdVi/n.类似;模拟adj.有争议的deflect/di5flekt/v.(使)偏转 methadone/ 5meWEdEun/n.美沙酮，美散痛注释：1. the best will：最好的愿望2. if the worst comes to theworst：如果最最糟糕的事情发生了。
