外交学院2007年硕士研究生入学考试翻译样题

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。

文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。

题目解析：By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals 2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。

句子叙述到The roughly 20 millionof these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。

”选项A. natives 本地人；B. inhabitant居民;C. peoples 民族；D. individuals个体。

不难发现，选项A. natives 本地人，“这些国家大概有2000万本地人…”，符合句子含义；选项B. inhabitant居民，“这些国家大概有2000万居民…”，符合句子含义；选项C. peoples 民族，“这些国家大概有2000万个民族”，显然有悖于常理，不符合句子含义；选项D. individuals个体，“这些国家大概有2000万个体…”，不符合句子含义，个体一般用于区分于集体时使用。

2007 Text 1如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。

如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。

什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。

58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。

在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。

他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。

“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，” 埃里克森回忆说。

“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。

”这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。

换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。

埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。

有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。

相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。

因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。

他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。

外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《翻译》（代码804）This test paper consists of two parts, namely, English into Chinese translation and Chinese into English translation.To facilitate grading, the texts have been broken into groups of sentences, each with a number, and you should put down the number of the paragraph you are translating before giving your version after this number.Please write neatly and intelligibly.The total hours of work are 3 hours.The maximum score is 10×15＝150 pointsPart One: English into Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following two passages into Chinese; read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translation in the sheets provided.Passage 1:[1] We are living through a time of global economic challenges that cannot be met by half measures or the isolated efforts of any nation. Now, the leaders of the Group of 20 have a responsibility to take bold, comprehensive and coordinated action that not only jump-starts recovery, but also launches a new era of economic engagement to prevent a crisis like this from ever happening again. No one can deny the urgency of action. A crisis in credit and confidence has swept across borders, with consequences for every corner of the world. For the first time in a generation, the global economy is contracting and trade is shrinking.[2] Once and for all, we have learned that the success of the American economy is inextricably linked to the global economy. There is no line between action that restores growth within our borders and action that supports it beyond. If people in other countries cannot spend, markets dry up — already we've seen the biggest drop in American exports in nearly four decades, which has led directly to American job losses. And if we continue to let financial institutions around the world act recklessly and irresponsibly, we will remain trapped in a cycle of bubble and bust. That is why the upcoming London Summit is directly relevant to our recovery at home.[3] Our leadership is grounded in a simple premise: We will act boldly to lift the American economy out of crisis and reform our regulatory structure, and these actions will be strengthened by complementary action abroad. Through our example, the United States can promote a global recovery and build confidence around the world; and if the London Summit helps galvanize collective action, we can forge a secure recovery, and future crises can be averted. Our effortsmust begin with swift action to stimulate growth. Already, the United States has passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.[4] Second, we must restore the credit that businesses and consumers depend upon. At home, we are working aggressively to stabilize our financial system. This includes an honest assessment of the balance sheets of our major banks, and will lead directly to lending that can help Americans purchase goods, stay in their homes and grow their businesses. This must continue to be amplified by the actions of our G-20 partners. Together, we can embrace a common framework that insists upon transparency, accountability and a focus on restoring the flow of credit that is the lifeblood of a growing global economy.Passage 2:[5] After years of fighting unionization efforts at its stores, Wal-Mart, t he world’s largest retailer, said today that it would work closely with Chinese officials to establish labor unions at all of its outlets here. Wal-Mart said it would form an alliance with the government-backed All China Federation of Trade Unions because it wanted to create “an effective and harmonious way of facilitating the establishment of grassroots unions” at its stores. The announcement came less than two weeks after Wal-Mart employees established their first union in China, the first time that a union had ever been formed at a Wal-Mart store.[6] Wal-Mart’s decision surprised observers because while the company had signaled earlier that it would not do anything to stop unions from forming at its Chinese stores, it had never suggested that it would actively participate in backing unionization efforts. Wal-Mart’s decision to allow unions comes after years of pressure from the All China Federation of Trade Unions, which has been pushing companies with large foreign investments here to allow unionization, which is required under Chinese law. Forming a union at Wal-Mart stores, which have been plagued by labor disputes in recent years, has proved incredibly difficult.[7] But exactly what it means to have a unionized Wal-Mart store here is unclear because unions in China do not have the history of bargaining power. Wal-Mart officials see China as a potentially huge market and are determined to expand rapidly here. The company already has about 60 retail outlets and 30,000 employees here. And because of China’s mighty factories, this country is Wal-Mart’s primary sourcing base for the millions of goods its sell around the world. Wal-Mart initially signaled its approval of unions here in late 2004, when the company said that if workers in China moved to unionize, Wal-Mart would not stop them.Part Two: Chinese into English TranslationDirections: Translate the following three passages into English; read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translation in the sheets provided.Passage 3:[8] 美国掀起的这场全球货币战争已经拉开帷幕。

405汉法互译--外交学院2007年硕士研究生入学考试样题法译汉 (70 分)1) Ce n’est pas un conte, c’est effectivement arrivé.(3分)2) Je n’ai jamais rencontré d’économistes d’esprit aussi étroit. Ils ne s’intéressent qu’aux statistiques, aux tableaux, aux courbes. Pour eux, tout le reste est littérature. (4 分)3) Ce n’est pas d’aujourd’hui que le fran?ais emprunte des mots à l’anglais. Déjà au XVIIIe, même au XIIe siècle, on en trouve. Mais passons au déluge, je veux surtout vousparler des emprunts faits au XXe siècle, et vous verrez que c’est un véritable fléau. (4 分)4) Le romantique a la nostalgie, comme Hamlet* ; il cherche ce qu’il n’a pas, et jusque par-delà les nuages ; il rêve, il vit dans les songes. (4 分)Hamlet : 哈姆莱特5) Au lieu de l’autorité, c’est de l’autoritarisme qui émane de lui. On lui disait du caractère, il montre de l’entêtement. On aurait pu le créditer de prudence, on le découvre méfiant.(5 分)6) Je ne sais pas si vous l’avez remarqué, il suffit que le nom d’une personne qui paraissait devoir vous rester inconnue ou tout au moins indifférente soit prononc é unefois devant vous, pour que des détails viennent peu à peu se grouper autour de ce nom… (5 分)7) Le principal défi que nous devons relever aujourd’hui est de faire en sorte que la mondialisation devienne une force positive pour l’humanité tout entière. Car, si elle offre des possibilités immenses, à l’heure actuelle ses bienfaits sont très inégalement répartis, de même que les charges qu’elle impose. Nous reconnaissons que les pays en développement et les pays en transition doiventsurmonter des difficultés particulières pour faire face à ce défi majeur. La mondialisation ne sera doncprofitable à tous, de fa?on équitable, que si un effort important et soutenu est consenti pour batir unavenir comme fondé sur la condition que nous partageons en tant qu’êtres humains, dans toute sa diversité. Cet effort doit produire des politiques et des mesures, à l’échelon mondial, qui correspondent aux besoins des pays en développement et des pays en transition etsont formulées et appliquées avec leur participation effective. (15 分)8) Quand ils furent au pont, ils tournèrent à droite, et la rivière leur jeta à la face un souffle frais. Ellecoulait, mélancolique et tranquille, devant un rideau de hauts peupliers ; et des étoiles semblaient nagersur l’eau, remuées par le courant. Une brume fine et blanchatre qui flottait sur la berge* de l’autre c?té apportait aux poumons une senteur humide, et Caravant s’arrêta brusquement, frappé par cette odeur de fleuve qui remuait dans son c?ur des souvenirs très vieux.Et il revit soudain sa mère, autrefois, dans son enfance à lui, courbée à genoux devant leur porte, là-bas, en Picardie, et lavant au mince cours d’eau qui traversait le jardin le linge en tas à c?té d’elle. Il entendait son battoir** dans le silence tranquille de la campagne, sa voix qui criait : - ? Alfred, apporte-moi du savon. ? Et il sentait cette même odeur d’eau qui coule, cette même brume envolée des terres ruisselantes, cette buée*** marécageuse dont lasaveur était restée en lui, inoubliable, et qu’il retrouvait justement ce soir-l à même où sa mère venait de mourir. (30 分)* berge n. f. Bord d’un cours d’eau.** battoir n. m. Instrument qui sert à battre (le linge).*** buée n. f. Vapeur d’eau qui se dégage d’un liquide chauffé.汉译法(80 分)1 天下兼相爱则治，交相恶则乱。

外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题《英语翻译基础》（代码357）I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with on e point for each .(30’)1. AFTA2. HSBC3. GMT4. NMD5. IOC6. DJI7. OECD8. CPU9. UNDP10. WMO11. WIPO12. liquefied petroleum gas13. file transfer protocol14. Certificate of Deposit15. World Food Program16. 思想库17. 产权单位18. 宏观调控19. 售后服务20. 大棒政策21. 人才外流22. 收盘价格23. 现货市场24. 人工呼吸25. 一次性补偿26. 公司所得税27. 个体工商户28. 非公有制经济29. 载人航天飞行30. 民族区域自治II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. (120’)Source Text 1:THESE HA VE BEEN THE BEST OF TIMES for many of the nation’s top universities—and the worst of times for middle income families struggling to afford them. Thanks to a robust stock market, school endowments have ballooned. Yet few institutions have held down steep increases in tuition. But that may be changing.Williams College, a prestigious liberal arts school in Massachusetts, announced last month that for the first time in 46 years, its tuition would remain steady at $31,520. Last week students at Princeton University learned that their annual $31,599 tuition, room and board will rise just 3.3%—the smallest hike in 30 years.These shows of restraint may signal a turnaround from the whopping tuition increases of recent years, as some schools now consider using their endowments to control price hikes. Since 1980, college costs have more than doubled, after adjustment for inflation while the median income of families with college-age children has increased only 12%.Last year tuition rose an average of 4.6%, the lowest jump in 12 years—but still more than twice the rate of inflation. “Remaining affordable for middle-class parents is the 800-lb gorilla facing colleges and universities,” says Terry Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council on Education in Washington.Williams held its tuition flat by paying more of its bills with the investment profits on its $1.1 billion endowment and with contributions from alumni. But college officials who oppose using endowments to freeze tuition say the students most vulnerable to hikes are not affected by them.“If we were to keep tuition constant, would it change the situation here for students in need?” asks Princeton president Harold Shapiro. “No, because their tuition is fully covered.” The school plans to boost scholarships to needy students this year as much as $2,250 a person.To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. Families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on “autopilot,” says Gordon Winston, an economist at Williams College. Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed—and even squeezed out. (378 words)Source Text 2:起初，我们了解俞子丹只是因为他教书的才能。

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文主要论述了西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地在独立以后面临的各种问题。

第一段指出独立运动领导人对于新国家理念的共同之处。

第二段指出领导人存在分歧的方面。

第三段是总结，指出平等主义在新国家的实现比较缓慢。

二、试题具体解析1.[A]natives本地人[B]inhabitants居民[C]peoples民族[D]individuals个人【答案】B【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.422【解析】空的前句指出西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地成为了独立的国家。

空所在的语境为：大约200万这些国家的看到未来。

显然这里填的词应该表示这些国家的居民。

四个选项中B项最能准确表达此项含义，故答案为B。

2.[A]confusedly困惑地[B]cheerfully快乐地[C]worriedly焦虑地[D]hopefully有希望地【答案】D【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.569【解析】显然这里填的一个词是形容民众是如何看待未来的状况的。

文章首句已经说明这些前殖民地相继独立，对于刚脱离殖民统治的民众来说，这是应该一个令人欣喜的事件，因此，后文的论述也应与此一致。

D项最能反映这一情形，故答案为D。

3.[A]shared分享[B]forgot忘记[C]attained获得[D]rejected拒绝【答案】A【考点】词汇搭配【难度系数】0.418【解析】空所在的语意为：许多独立国家的领导者典型的政府理念，……，以及把个体的信仰作为社会的基础。

显然典型政府、职业、和自由贸易等都是对这一理念的具体说明，应该是这些领导人共同持有的。

能表现一个群体拥有共同想法的动词只有A，故答案为A。

4.[A]related与……有联系[B]close接近[C]open开放的[D]devoted专心致志于做……【答案】C【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.273【解析】我们已经判断出文章对这些领导人行为描述都是正面的，那么职业对有才能的人开放应该符合这种态度，故答案为C。

外交学院翻译硕士口译考研真题基础英语1.20个单项选择。

考词汇和语法，专八水平，比较基础，有一道很老的题，还有一道其他学校考过的，只是句子稍改了一下。

2.10个改错。

给出一小篇文章，在10行画线句子中找错。

比专八改错简单些。

3.6篇阅读。

外院每年都是6篇阅读，前五篇是选择，题目难度不大，基本上都可以从原文中找到，但要细心。

其中还有一篇是要在几个句子里，选出填到原文空缺处的考题。

最后一篇有变化，去年是考的问答，今年是给文章的每一段选一个可以概括该段的句子，总共需要选出5个，但给出了10个选项，需要认真分析，仔细阅读。

4.作文。

The function of a university(at least400words）前面给了几句不同人的看法，关于大学要不要提供和工作有关的课程。

翻译基础1.QE、API、FTAAP、UNCCC、ISIS、escape velocity、零和关系、零碳和低碳技术、集体供暖体系、贸易代表团、非约束性原则、部长级会议……总共是30个，其余的想出来再补充吧。

2.英译汉从网上搜了一下，没有找到原文，大概讲的就是奥巴马支持民权运动，与其他政治领袖的不同、以及讲述了马丁路德金是怎么影响奥巴马的。

总共是9小段。

3.汉译英从网上找到了原文，543字。

作者是美国加州圣玛利亚学院教授，首发刊载于9月4日发售的《中国新闻周刊》。

人们对不美好的、令人失望的事物可能抱三种态度：理想主义、现实主义和犬儒主义。

有研究者发现，这三种人生态度会分别在青年、中年、老年时期特别有影响。

人在十几、二十来岁的年轻时期，往往倾向于理想主义，特别有正义感。

一旦碰到不公不义、龌龊丑恶之事，便充满了愤怒，理想化地想要对它进行彻底的纠正。

打倒孔家店，推翻封建礼教，消灭封、资、修，占领华尔街，都是年轻人在那里冲锋陷阵。

中年的务实理想主义者希望能尽自己的力量做一些有益的事情：公益活动、议论时事、参与民间团体的活动等等。

他们很清楚自己所贡献的不过是绵薄之力，在有生之年也不可能期待实现多少实质性的变化。

313基础英语--外交学院2007年硕士研究生入学考试样题This examination paper consists of 3 sections:Section A tests your mastery of English vocabulary, usage and grammar; Section B tests your ability tounderstand English in context; and Section C tests your reading comprehensionSECTION A: VOCABULARY, USAGE, & GRAMMARSubsection 1Directions: Choose one of the 4 answers given in each group which best matches the underlined par.1. Moreover, numerous examples will be found to illustrate the perils of nepotism in business.[A] preerential treatment [B] despotism in business practice[C] prejudice in business practice [D] excessive favor given to relatives2. But ground zero for American nepotism will be the November election, when voters will get to decidehow they feel about the proliferation of family ties in our governing class.[A] exact point where a bomb strikes the ground[B] starting point [C] social foundation[D] origination of a tradition3. And whether he wins or loses, we will likely hear increasing speculation about a possible dynastic face-off in 2008 between First Brother Jeb Bush and Sen . Hillary Clinton.[A] losing face [B] confrontation between opponents[C] damaging one’s reputation [D] hitting someone right in the face4. The arms race became a way to measure who was winning. And since the central battlefield was quiet ,both sides helped allies in their local struggles-in other words , proxy wars.[A] mock wars [B] virtual wars[C] unreal wars [D] wars fought for others5. For hardheaded reasons of self-interest , most countries would join together in a global antiterrorism coalition—if the United States would try to forge one .[A] foolish reasons [B] practical purposes[C] clear-headed reasons [D] shrewd reasons6. After a series of scandals going back to the J. Edgar Hoover era , many FBI brick agents thought theycould not trust their own superiors. “None of the people on Mahogany Row backed up agents down thefood chain when we were investigated for doing black-bag jobs against radical leftists,” recalled a veteran Gman.[A] wooden bench [B] the bureau’s executive suites[C] round table [D] leadership7. But the outgoing prime minister is already regarded by most Palestinians as an American puppet , andany attempt to shore him up would probably backfire.[A] make him stay [B] support him[C] oust him [D] discredit him8. Few American Sitchcoms have infiltrated global culture as forcefully—and as funnily—as “friends.” NBC’s long-running series , about six twenty something (by now, thirty something) singles navigating relationships ina whitewashed New York City, is broadcast in nearly 60 countries and seen weekly by more than 40 million people .[A] Sitting-room comedies [B] Situation comedies[C] soap operas [D] popular comedies9. Still, a lot has changed since 1998, Then, Russia was out of control , prey to speculators and the whimsof the rapacious tycoons who took over banks and newly privatized industries.[A] wisdom of joyous giants[B] impulsive decisions of insatiable magnates[C] speculations of ambitious CEOs[D] whimsical business leaders10. Among the more troubling elements of this tale, obviously, is how it highlights an enduring fact ofRussian business life. At bottom, the scene remains ad hoc, changeable, prey to happenstance or evenwhimsy.[A] victim of disasters [B] easy to make happen[C] happen unexpectedly [D] subject to chance occurrenceSubsection 2Directions: Complete each of the following blanks by choosing one of the 4 given sets of prepositions/adverbs .1. Saddam Hussein was apparently convinced that US forces would never invade Iraq and oust him _____power, say US officials familiar _____ the accounts _____ capture members of the former dictator’s regime[A] off, with, for [B] from, with, of[C] from, to, of [D] from, with, to2. US officials say that this account of Saddam’s misunderstanding _____ American intentions could well explain the haphazard way _____ which theregime defended itself and fell _____ early in the American onslaught.[A] by, against, off [B] of, against, off[C] of, in, apart [D] with, against, apart3. US and British Intel officials still say stockpiles of chemical _____biological agents will turn ______. ButUS defense analysts are paying more attention to a “working hypothesis,” based_____ stories told byIraqi captives, that no live WMD may ever be found..[A] or, up, on [B] with, up, upon[C] of, out, on [D] of, on, on4. Rumsfeld insisted that risk aversion was less_____ a problem in the military_____ elsewhere in thegovernment. But he acknowledged,_______ his own sometimes frustrating experience, that changing abureaucratic culture takes time.[A] of, for, from [B] of, than, from[C] for, than, by [D] of, than, by5. Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein—now______ the hands of U.S. forces at an undisclosed location_______ his capture —says he did not have weapons_______ mass destruction before the war, two senior Bush administrationofficials tell CNN.[A] on, after, of [B] into, after, for[C] in, after, of [D] in, upon, of6. In a statement late Sunday, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said the Chinesegovernment hoped this dramatic development would be“conducive_______ the Iraqi people taking their destiny______ their own hands, and_______ realizingpeace and stability in Iraq.”[A] for, in, for [B] to, in, to[C] with, into, with [D] to, into, to7. The president was first informed______ the operation at about 3:15 p.m. Saturday______ Camp Davidby Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. Rumsfeld started the phone conversation______ Bush_______cautioning the president that first reports are not always accurate.[A] of, in, with, when [B] of, at, with, for[C] about, on, with, by [D] about, at, with, by8 Saddam said U.S. troops would face a bloodbath in Iraq, but his regime fell in_______ than a month.Advancing U.S. and British troops defaced______ destroyed many of Saddam’s monuments, followed later by ordinary Iraqis. Coalition forces now use many of palaces he had built toglorify his rule_____ bases.[A] more, and, as [B] less, or, for[C] less, and, as [D] less, or, as9. Every dynasty must take______ new blood from time to time, and Arnold is the David of the clan：a talented upstart who married_______ America’s royal family, he has suddenly put them back_______ the national spotlight after a series of recentdefeats and unhappy reversals.[A] in, into, in [B] on, to, into[C] upon, into, on [D] in, to, in10. Americans think of sports as rigorously meritocratic. After all, if you can’t hit a home run _____ sink a basket you won’t last long _____ this arena. Yet family ties abound _____ major sports, as we will be reminded whenbaseball starts in April and athletes like Barry Bonds, Roberto Alomar and Moises Alou take the field.[A] or, in, for [B] or, in, in[C] and, in, in [D] or, into, inSubsection 3Directions: Decide which of the following 2 sentences in each group is correct, or whether they are bothcorrect, or neither is correct.1. (1) The man was bare to the waist, sweating all over.(2) The giggling girls walked in bare feet across the soft meadow.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither2. (1) Some teachers suggested to call another mass-meeting.(2) The brick-layer at the top of the scaffold is calling more mortar.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither3. (1) You must hold your ground, don’t bargain away principles.(2) The young man bargains on making a fortune early in life.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither4. (1) The sun’s rays could not wedge their way through the barrage of foliage.(2) We picnicked at the base of the mountain.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither5. (1) The film was so wonderful that she was completely carried off.(2) He, a Hindu, has lost cast to becoming Christian.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither6. (1) I’m sorry, but you’ve dialed for the wrong number.(2) His screen career, for all practical purposes, had guttered out.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither7. (1) I think it will rain this afternoon, but my brother thinks otherwise.(2) The door cannot be opened otherwise than with a key.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither8. (1) The woman, so terrified, let off a shriek.(2) They will be expected to make their own beds.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither9. (1) The new method will be phased into the system.(2) The trams will be phased off.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] Neither10. (1) At first blush, he thought they would be a perfect couple.(2) He blustered his way passed the man guarding the entrance.[A] (1) [B] (2) [C] Both [D] NeitherSubsection 4Directions: Choose an article (or zero article) that best fits into each blank in the following passage andblacken the letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.Beijing respects ___1___ "desire of ___2___ Taiwan people to develop and pursue ___3___democracy," but opposes efforts by ___4___Taiwan’s leaders to "cut off Taiwan from ___5___sacred territory of the Chinese motherland," ___6___PremierWen Jiabao told CNN.Wrapping up ___7___ three-day trip to ___8___ United States, ___9___ Chinese premier said Beijing opposes ___10___ Taiwanreferendum that may lead ___11___ island to ___12___ independence.Playing down any prospect of ___13___war over the issue, he said, "___14___ people of Taiwan areour blood brothers and sisters. So as long as even the slightest hope for ___15___ peace exists, we willwork to our utmost to strive for ___16___ peaceful process.""However, we firmly oppose ___17___ attempts by certain security forces in Taiwan to pursue Taiwanindependence under ___18___disguise of promoting democracy in___19___ attempt to cut off Taiwanfrom ___20___ mainland."1. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil2. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil3. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil4. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil5. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil6. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil7. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil8. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil9. [A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil10.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil11.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil12.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil13.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil14.[A] A [B] An [C] The [D] Nil15.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil16.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil17.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil18.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil19.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nil20.[A] a [B] an [C] the [D] nilSECTION B: UNDERSTANDING IN CONTEXT: CLOZE TESTDirection: Choose one of the four choices given in each group which best fits into each of the blanks in thefollowing passage, and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.It was worth the wait. On Oct. 15, after decades of fitful starts ___1___ spectacular failures for China’s space ___2___, Lieut. Colonel Yang Liwei, a ___3___ ex-fighter pilot, roared into the heavens to become China’s first man in space. During his 21-hour journey in the heavens, the 38-year-old Yang maneuvered ___4___ in the tight compartment of the Shenzhou V ___5___, taking photographs,naps, and at one point ___6___ a tiny Chinese flag — an iconic image that would soon be broadcast to 1.3 billion fellow citizens back home. The ___7___ -control room outside Beijing burst into cheers, already ___8___ by a message from President Hu Jintaowho announced that the ___9___ was “the glory of our great motherland.” Then, Yang fished aroundand produced another flag, this time a ___10___ blue one bearing the emblem of the United Nations, andheld it up beside the red Chinese ensign.In a(n) ___11___ more important for its symbolism than its science, Yang’s flag-waving exercise sent an unexpected ___12___ to Planet Earth: not only had China joined the U.S. andRussia in the ___13___ club of spacefaring nations, it wanted to celebrate the achievement with thewhole world. For the first time in centuries, China, ___14___ sensitive of its past as the isolated “sickman of Asia,” seemed confident of its own economic and political power, as comfortable strutting its stuffon the international ___15___ as any member of the G-8.Nowhere has this ___16___ confidence been on display more than in China’s rapidly improving international relations. In the past few months, under Hu’s leadership, Beijing has emerged as an increasingly sophisticated and mature ___17___ on the globalstage, a power more intent on diplomatic ___18___ that preserves the country’s robust economic growth than on replaying the Maoist rhetoric of confrontation. “Hu puts more emphasison ___19___ in foreign policy rather than on symbols,” says Chu Shulong, director of the Institute ofStrategic Studies at Beijing’s ___20___ University, who advises the Chinese leadership on foreign affairs.1. [A] or [B] and [C] but [D] yet2. [A] project [B] program [C] dream [D] launch3. [A] young [B] small [C] little [D] diminutive4. [A] weightlessly [B] weightless[C] no-weight [D] feather-weigh5. [A] capsule [B] module [C] cabin [D] container6. [A] taking [B] clasping [C] handing [D] producing7. [A] task [B] launch [C] central [D] mission8. [A] gladdened [B] supported[C] encouraged [D] buoyed9. [A] launch [B]takeoff [C] liftoff [D] soft landing10.[A] light [B] shallow [C] pale [D] navy11. [A] march [B] flight [C] launch [D] expedition12. [A] news [B] headline [C] information [D] message13. [A] exclusive [B] inclusive [C] special [D] reclusive14. [A] ever [B] never [C] always [D] for ever15. [A] platform [B] venue [C] stage [D] place16. [A] newlyfound [B] newfound[C] newly found [D] new found17. [A] player [B] actor [C] actress [D] performer18. [A] practicality [B] pragmatism[C] realism [D] practice19. [A] content [B] substance [C] ideas [D] logic20. [A]Ch’inghua [B] Tsing Hua [C] Tsinghua [D] Qing Hua SECTION C: READING COMPREHENSIONSubsection 1Directions: Read the following statements carefully and complete eachby blackening the correspondingletter of the choice you have made in the Answer Sheet.1. America needs to change its attitude toward energy production and transmission. Unless we want tolive with increasing fossil-fuel-based pollution and indefinite policing of the Middle East, we need to get away from thecentralized-power-grid concept and start using alternative energy sources such as solar or emerging fuel-cell technologies. If the government and consumers are to spend billions of dollars upgrading the system,cleaning up air pollution and providing military and economic support in the Middle East, it seems clear that_____.[A] we should be happy with what we have been trying to do.[B] we should forget about the present electricity-grid system.[C] we should not police the Middle East with the view of getting energy.[D] we should be discussing alternative energy.2. Finally, someone has the courage to address the seemingly taboo subject of regarding suicidebombers not merely as evil, but as a phenomenon based on cause and effect. Suicide bombers haven’t risen out of a vacuum—they have been victims of oppression. In no way do I condone their tactics, _____.[A] but I have sympathy for their prolonged plight, and absence of more effective means to win their case.[B] yet, I give full support to their efforts, though futile, for attracting attention from the internationalcommunity.[C] but to go after them in the way, for example, that Israel does treats the symptom, not the cause.[D] yet, in retrospection, their foolhardy action is a manifestation of their determination to win freedom.3. In your August 15 story“Who Says There’s No Second Act?” Jhumpa Lahiri says, “A true Indian doesn’t accept me as an Indian and a true American doesn’t accept me as an American.” happily, the novelist is wrong on at least the second premise. Anyone whowould deny Lahiri or any other newcomer her acceptance in America is not a true American. TrueAmericanness isn’t about place of birth. It’s about an attitude toward our fellow humans and holding certain truths to be self-evident. If Lahiri believes in the American ideas, she’s as American as I an,___.[A] and she would be accepted as both an Indian and an American..[B] and I happily welcome her to the fold.[C] and she would be accepted as an American, if not an Indian.[D] and she wouldn’t be troubled by thought of belonging to neither group.4. Your July 14 article “Return of the Jews” really agitated me. It sounds as though until now, it wasimpossible for Jewish people to live in Germany because we Germans were all anti-Semites. What is strange about religious people studying the Talmud in Berlin? Jews did this for hundredsof years in Germany before they were driven from their homes. Sure, national socialism killed millions ofinnocent Jews in the cruelest way. That must neither be denied nor forgotten. But most German Christiansnever discriminated against German Jews. Jewish people served ourland faithfully (as in the 1870-71 war between Germany and France and in World War I ), and great Jewish scientists have enhancedGermany’s reputation. It is unfair to make the third generation of Germans after World War II feel ashamed for ahistory they never wanted. In German schools, pupils visit synagogues and mosques. We have manyaction groups against racism and fascism, and there are counterdemonstrations against fascist ones,______.[A] Germany says“never again!” to fascism.[B] German fascism would be defeated for good.[C] German Jews are victims of fascism.[D] Jews were not discriminated against in Germany..5. I commend your August 25 “Letter from America,” which was a factual and not-too-biased note on the problems of living with timber rattlesnakes.I would have expected an urban magazineto be much harsher on our less-understood critters. However, I must complain about the photograph accompanying your article. You ran apicture of a Western diamond-backed rattlesnake, a species that is not to be found in upstate New York. To you, maybe, a rattler is arattler, but it does a disservice to the undereducated public. It is kind of like running a picture of a coyotein a story about wolves or a bottle of Pepsi in a story regarding Coca-Cola. Media sources can also call on someone like me to verify species’ identity._____.[A] No picture at all is better than a misidentified or misleading one.[B] Yet they don’t want me to do so, nor do it themselves.[C] To have a rough idea of something is better than having on idea about it at all.[D] Using wrong pictures are against patent law.6. Your cover story presents obesity as a global epidemic no longer limited to wealth countries. But I foundthis article indecent, and the mention of weight-loss clinics in Africa irrelevant. The rapid progression of obesity does not change the sad disproportionbetween the populations of rich and poor countries. Hunger and malnutrition still remain a problem in avast majority of the world, especially in Africa. Let’s think beyond the borders of Texas or Utah. There are a number of health issues that should bepresented at the global level. How about discussing AIDS, hunger or malaria? These are serious globalepidemics, and I find it regrettable that the world’s diverse and complex reality_______.[A] was described with such indecency.[B] was presented with such a narrow mind-set.[C] was unrealistically interpreted and understood.[D] was beyond the comprehension of realists.7. My husband is a Navy reservist stationed at Camp Mitchell in Rota, Spain, and has been away sinceMarch 31. In June about 200 troops were sent home from Camp Mitchell, while 200 others remained.During the time the 400 troops were together, the reserve center keptin contact with us via e-mail, but now the Navy has lost interest in us and our spouses. Yes, our spouses chose to defend theircountry, but they were also told that things would be taken care of here at home so that they couldconcentrate on doing the job they were sent to do. I believe that because my husband was not sent toIraq, the Navy feels that his needs and those of his family are unimportant. ________.[A] If not so, who, then, are important?.[B] we have to accept it silently.[C] We have been ignored, with no reason at all.[D] Shouldn’t “supporting our troops” include the families left behind.8. In Newsweek’s portrayal of the pension situation in Germany, language such as “entitlements,”“generational fraud”and “coddled” suggests that typical pensioner enjoys a selfishly high standard of living. Nowhere doesStefan Their tell us what a real pension might be for Germans who have worked in nonprofessional jobs orhow that compares to the cost of living. Nor does he mention the impact on the pension system broughtabout by reunification, the widening compensation gap, the high levels of unemployment overall and thespecial difficulty unemployed people over 50 have in reentering the labor market. Many retirees today,after long years of working in low-paying jobs, must practiceold-fashioned thrift to subsist on their pensions. They are the ones —not the minority of the highly compensated who have had the means tosave and invest—_______.[A] who will bear the brunt of reform.[B] who will acquiesce most humbly.[C] who will deal with the situation.[D] who will be left behind and forgotten.9. Thank you for your insightful report on the sophisticated and organized enemy attacks on US troops.Why was it so hard for the Bush Administration and Congress to predict that some Iraqis would continueto fight us after the downfall of Saddam Hussein? If a coalition of countries were to successfully invadethe US for purposes of regime change, our citizens would employ tactics of terrorism against the occupyingforces and attempt to destabilize the new government. The resistance would continue long after ourdefending forces had been defeated. The war in Iraq will go on_______.[A] until we encounter greater resistance from Iraqi rebels.[B] until the whole world is against us.[C] until we acknowledge our arrogance and pull the invading troops out.[D] until Saddam is caught in his hideout, dirty, unkempt, haggard.10. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad’s anti-Semitic comments deserve scrutiny. He said, “Today the Jews rule the world by proxy. They get othersto fight and die for them.” If his comments weren’t so pathetic, we should thank Mahathir for revealing precisely the mentality of theIslamic leaders he wasaddressing. Even if the Prime Minister’s assertions were true, they largely missed the point. If so many Jews were in influential positions, itwould show the ability of Jewish communities to adapt to their environment and grasp what modernity isabout. Constrained by a difficult history, Jews have had little choice but to find ways to integrate into hostsocieties. Just as anti-Semites in Europe did in the past, Mahathir is mistaking a consequence for a cause. He misses the realtarget, the modern and globalized world in which Muslim society has been marginalized. Modernity wasn’t created by the Jews, and they don’t control progress. As Mahathir said, the Muslim world will wield far more global influence _____.[A] if it opens up its economies.[B] if it fights terrorism.[C] if it fights terrorism and opens up its economies.[D] if it goes along with the rest of the world.Subsection 2Directions: Read the following passages carefully and blacken the corresponding letter of the choice youhave made in the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage:[1] In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. Inpart, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, butthe stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way ofbuyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage inscholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprisingthat their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice productionamong their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords’income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome ofhereditary officeholding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringingan increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himselffound it easy to recover.[2] It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of ricethat farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun form his huge domain, thegovernment too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources forrevenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold hadbeen exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up newfarmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and furtherreclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politicallydangerous. This lift the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.[3] Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonablethat they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forcedloans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary inamount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawashoguns’ search for solvency for the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese wholived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.1. Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the eighteenth century?[A] A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early whenit is awarded a lucrative government contract.[B] Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.[C] A small business is able to cut back sharply on spending through greater commercial efficiency andthereby compensate for a loss of revenue.[D] A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.2. According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that[A] profits from mining had declined[B] spending had outdistanced income[C] the samurai had concentrated in castle-towns[D] the coinage had been sharply debased3. The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debt for which of thefollowing reasons?[A] Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.[B] The Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changing economy.[C] There was a limit to the amount in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.[D] The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as government revenuesincreased.4. The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. Theroughly 20 million 1of these nations looked 2to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3the ideals of representative government, careers 4to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7set of laws.On the issue of 8of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11by the Spanish crown. 12most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality ofeverything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20self-rule and democracy.1.[A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2.[A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3.[A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4.[A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5.[A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6.[A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7.[A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8.[A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9.[A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10.[A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11.[A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12.[A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13.[A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14.[A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15.[A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16.[A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17.[A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18.[A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19.[A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20.[A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceivechildren in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22.The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23.According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given underlow-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29.We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32.As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33.According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year – from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36.The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37.According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39.According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。

2007年考研英语·英译汉真题及解析真题：Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. （46）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable comp onent of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. （49）In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. （50）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.解析：1、Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institution as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. be viewed as 被视为institutions 大学，学院educated 受教育的legal learning 法律学习；学习法律the special preserve（of lawyers）律师的特权；律师的特有领域intellectual equipment 知识体系；知识储备【译文】长久以来，法律知识在这类大学里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English到1830 年,前西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民地变成了独立的国家。

大约2000万居民满怀信心地展望未来。

出生于旧的社会政体和伊比利亚殖民主义的危机之中，许多独立的国家领导人共享的信念包括成立民选政府、人尽其材、商业和贸易自由、拥有私有财产的权利，并且相信个人是社会的基础。

人们普遍认为新的国家应该是主权国家以及独立的国家，国家足够强大有经济实力能存活下去并且有一套共同的法律所控制。

然而，在宗教自由和教会地位的问题上，领导人之间的观点就不那么一致了。

罗马天主教一直是国教，并且是西班牙国王允许的唯一宗教。

大部分领导人要求维持天主教作为新国家的正式宗教，而另一些人却要设法结束其他信仰被排斥的局面。

保护教会成了保守势力的战斗口号。

早期的独立领导人的理想通常是平等主义，把一切事物看作是平等的。

玻利瓦尔曾接受过海地的援助并且作为回报承诺在他解放的地区废除农奴制。

到1854 年，除了西班牙残存的殖民地以外，农奴制已经被废除。

先前做出的结束印第安人进贡和停止向混合血统人征税的承诺变得越来越难以实施，因为这些国家仍然需要这些政策产生的财政收入。

因为害怕大多数人民还没准备好自治和民主，这些平等主义观点经常被缓和了。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1如果你查一下2006 年世界杯足球赛参赛队员的出生证明，你会发现一个令人注目的奇怪现象：杰出的足球队员大多出生于一年的前几个月而不是后几个月。

如果你再仔细观察一下为世界杯和著名职业球队培养队员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一现象更加突出。

是什么原因导致了这种奇怪现象的发生呢？人们有如下猜测：a) 某些星座的人被赐予优秀的足球才能；b)冬天出生的孩子吸氧能力更强，踢足球的耐力好； c)热衷于足球的夫妇更可能在春季怀孕，因为此时是足球热的高潮；d)以上观点都不对。

2007年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成汉语(25分)After 28 years of reform, China faces challenges of an unprecedented scale, complexity, and importance. China has already liberalized its markets, opened up to foreign trade and investment, and become a global economic powerhouse. Now its leaders and people must deal with popular dissatisfaction with local government, environmental degradation, scarce natural resources, an underdeveloped financial system, an inadequate health-care system, a restless rural population, urbanization on a massive scale, and increasing social inequality. Most of these problems, of course, have existed throughout the period of reform. What is different now is that the pace of change is accelerating while the ability of the state to manage that change is not keeping pace.Solving any one of these problems by itself would be a formidable task. And the Chinese government today finds it harder than ever to attract, develop, and retain talent. Graduates from the country's top universities, who once would have filled government posts, are instead choosing to take jobs in the private sector. Moreover, the structure of the country's bureaucracy stifles initiative and promotes mediocrity. Worse, many officials, from the village to the central government, are corrupt, eroding the government's effectiveness and feeding popular discontent.Of all of China's challenges, none is more critical -- or more daunting -- than that of nurturing a new generation of leaders who are skilled, honest, committed to p ublic service, and accountable to the Chinese people as a whole.II. 将下列文章译成汉语(50分)The New Middle EastJust over two centuries since Napoleon's arrival in Egypt heralded the advent of the modern Middle East -- some 80 years after the demise of the Ottoman Empire, 50 years after the end of colonialism, and less than 20 years after the end of the Cold War -- the American era in the Middle East, the fourth in the region's modern history, has ended. Visions of a new, Europe-like region--peaceful, prosperous, democratic--will not be realized. Much more likely is the emergence of a new Middle East that will cause great harm to itself, the United States, and the world.The modern Middle East was born in the late eighteenth century. For some historians, the signal event was the 1774 signing of the treaty that ended the war between the Ottoman Empire and Russia; a stronger case can be made for the importance of Napoleon's relatively easy entry into Egypt in 1798, which showed Europeans that the region was ripe for conquest and prompted Arab and Muslim intellectuals to ask -- as many continue to do today -- why their civilization had fallen so far behind that of Christian Europe. Ottoman decline combined with European penetration into the region gave rise to the "Eastern Question," regarding how to deal with the effects ofthe decline of the Ottoman Empire, which various parties have tried to answer to their own advantage ever since.The first era ended with World War I, the demise of the Ottoman Empire, the rise of the Turkish republic, and the division of the spoils of war among the European victors. What ensued was an age of colonial rule, dominated by France and the United Kingdom. This second era ended some four decades later, after another world war had drained the Europeans of much of their strength, Arab nationalism had risen, and the two superpowers had begun to lock horns. "He who rules the Near East rules the world; and he who has interests in the world is bound to concern himself with the Near East," wrote a historian, who correctly saw the 1956 Suez crisis as marking the end of the colonial era and the beginning of the Cold War era in the region.。

2007 Text 1①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier②months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.③uesses: a) certain astrological signsWhat might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few gconfer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”④ined, ledThis success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determ Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of⑤their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”【重点词汇】certificate n.证书【巧】certif (y证明) +ic（形容词后缀）+ate（作名词后缀表“物”）＝具证明性质的东西→证书。

(46)Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.【句子详解】主干：legal learning has been viewed as the special preserve of lawyers其他：traditionally 副词做时间状语；in such institutions 介词短语作地点状语，rather than...并列连词，与前面the special preserve of lawyers 并列【参考翻译1】传统上来说，法律知识一直被加拿大这样的大学视为律师独有的学习内容，而并非是受教育者知识储备的必要组成部分。

——顺译为被动【参考翻译2】传统上来说，加拿大这样的大学一直将法律知识视为律师独有的学习内容，而并非是受教育者知识储【重点词汇】①learning n.知识；学问②institution n.学校；机构；制度③preserve v.专属内容④intellectual a.知识的【语法难度】难度指数：☆考查的语法点较简单，主干可简单处理为：主谓宾。

be viewed as 可看作是符合谓语。

【翻译要点】1.institution 、preserve 一词多义2.被动可转移为主动（体现翻译技巧）(47)On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.【句子详解】主干：it links these concepts to everyday realities其他：on the other是连接词；in a manner...是介词短语作方式状语；which...on the news是限制性定语从句。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案及解析Section l Use of English1. [答案][B][分析]词义辨析题，“native”意为本地人，本国人，指一个地方原始居民或长期居住者中的一位；“inhabitant ”意为居民，居住者，指长期居住在某地的人；“people”意为人，人们，本身通常为复数；“individual”意为个体，指具有自己独特个性的、作为个体存在的人。

前面句子说一些殖民地已经成为独立国家，本句话说这些国家的…展望着未来，说明本句话指的是生活在这些国家的人民，所以应选B。

2. [答案][D][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题，“confusedly”意为“困惑地，混乱地”；“cheerfully”意为“高兴地，愉快地”；“worriedly”意为“担心地，担忧地”；“hopefully”意为“满怀希望地，抱有希望地”。

所填之词修饰“looked to the future”，所以本题应选D。

3. [答案][A][分析]词义辨析与搭配题，“share”意为“分享，共享”，指与另一个人或其他人共同享有或具有；“forget”意为“忘记，忘却”；“attain”意为“获得，得到”，指经过努力得到；“reject”意为“拒绝，不接受”。

句子的主语是“many of the leaders”，根据前面的“Born in the crisis of the old regime…”可知，应选A。

4. [答案][C][分析]词义搭配题，所填之词与“to”搭配。

“related to”意为“与…有关”；“close to”意为“接近…”；“open to”意为“向…开放”；“devoted to”意为“投身于…”，主语通常是人。

所填之词与“to talent(有才能者)”搭配，修饰“careers”，所以本题应选C。

5. [答案][C][分析] 词义辨析与搭配题，“a ccess”指接近、进入或使用权力。

2007 Text 1①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier②months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.③uesses: a) certain astrological signsWhat might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few gconfer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”④ined, ledThis success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determ Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of⑤their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”【重点词汇】certificate n.证书【巧】certif (y证明) +ic（形容词后缀）+ate（作名词后缀表“物”）＝具证明性质的东西→证书。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。

文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become题目解析：By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。

句子叙述到The roughly 20 millionof these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。

”选项A. natives 本地人；B. inhabitant居民;C. peoples 民族；D. individuals个体。

不难发现，选项A. natives 本地人，“这些国家大概有2000万本地人…”，符合句子含“这些国家大概有2000万居民…”，符合句子含义；选项C. peoples 义；选项B. inhabitant居民，民族，“这些国家大概有2000万个民族”，显然有悖于常理，不符合句子含义；选项 D. individuals个体，“这些国家大概有2000万个体…”，不符合句子含义，个体一般用于区分于集体时使用。

2007年外交学院外交学考研真题《外交学概论》第一部分：外交学概论一、名词解释（每题6分，共48分）1、德拉戈主义2、罗斯福“睦邻政策”3、外交承认4、主权平等原则5、大使6、外交保护7、外交报复8、领事关系二、论述题（每题26分，共52分）1、以1972年中日邦交正常化为例，论述首脑外交在国家关系中的作用与影响2、论述国际条约的基本概念，名称，以新中国成立后中美关系为例，说明“尽管国际条约的名称不同，对缔约国权力，义务的约束是一样的”第二部分：中国近现代外交史（50分）一、名词解释1、“值百抽五”2、中俄秘约（1896）3、租借地4、史迪威事件二、论述题论述民国初年，山东问题的形成与解决《当代中国外交》一、名词解释（每题10分，共50分）1、第二次亚非会议2、中导条约3、戴高乐主义4、光华寮事件5、古巴导弹危机二、简答题（每题20分，共60分）1、新中国成立初期是如何在建交问题上独立自主原则的2、简述冷战后半部中国提出的“韬光养晦，有所作为”外交思想的主要内容及其执行情况3、简述四次中东战争的基本情况三论述题（40分）依据中美三个联合公报在台湾问题上确立的原则，分析中美在台湾问题上的矛盾和共同点，并依此分析台湾问题在中美关系中的地位，对发展中美关系的影响。

考研真题答题黄金攻略名师点评：认为只要专业课重点背会了，就能拿高分，是广大考生普遍存在的误区。

而学会答题方法才是专业课取得高分的关键。

(一)名词解释答题方法【考研名师答题方法点拨】名词解释最简单，最容易得分。

在复习的时候要把参考书中的核心概念和重点概念夯实。

近5-10年的真题是复习名词解释的必备资料，通过研磨真题你可以知道哪些名词是出题老师经常考察的，并且每年很多高校的名词解释还有一定的重复。

专业课辅导名师解析：名词解释答题方法上要按照核心意思+特征/内涵/构成/案例，来作答。

①回答出名词本身的核心含义，力求尊重课本。

这是最主要的。

②简答该名词的特征、内涵、或者其构成、或者举一个案例加以解释。