简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题
一、句子成份
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
1)简单谓语： We study for the people.
2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..
3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
My sister is a nurse.
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
It began to rain.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monito r(班长).
5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street
His father named him David.（名词）
They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student.
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介词短语）
7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。
副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London.
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there i f it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in time.
8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.
9. He found it important to master English.
10. Do you have anything else to say?
11. Would you please tell me your address?
12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.
15. The apples tasted sweet.
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：
S十V主谓结构主语＋不及物动词
S十V十P主系表结构主语＋连系动词＋表语
S十V十O主谓宾结构主语＋及物动词＋宾语
S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构
判断类型和句子成分：
She came． She likes English. She is happy．
The teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me.
