Unit 4 Electronic Components

Unit FourTask 1The Dawn of The Age of Artificial IntelligenceReasons to cheer the rise of the machinesErik Brynjolfsson & Andrew Mcafee【1】The advances we’ve seen in the past few years– cars that drive themselves, useful humanoid robots, speech recognition and synthesis systems, 3D printers, Jeopardy!-champion computers—are not the crowning achievements of the computer era. They’re the warm-up acts. As we move deeper into the second machine age we’ll see more and mo re such wonders, and they’ll become more and more impressive.【2】How can we be so sure? Because the exponential, digital, and recombinant powers of the second machine age have made it possible for humanity to create two ofthe most important one-time events in our history: the emergence of real, useful artificial intelligence (AI) and the connection of most of the people on the planet via a common digital network.【3】Either of these advances alone would fundamentally change our growth prospects. When combin ed, they’re more important than anything since the Industrial Revolution, which forever transformed how physical work was done.Thinking Machines, Available now【4】Digital machines have escaped their narrow confines and started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other domains that used to be exclusively human. We’ve recently seen great progress in natural language processing, machine learning (the ability of a computer to automatically refine its methods and improve its results as it gets more data), computer vision, simultaneous localization and mapping, and many other areas.【5】We’re going to see artificial intelligence do more and more, and as this happens costs will go down, outcomes will improve, and our lives will get better. Soon countless pieces of AI will be working on our behalf, often in the background. They’ll help us in areas ranging from trivial to substantive to life changing. Trivial uses of AI include recognizing our friends’ faces in photos and recommending products. More substantive ones include automatically driving cars on the road, guiding robots in warehouses, and better matching jobs and job seekers. But these remarkable advances pale against the life-changing potential of artificial intelligence.【6】To take just one recent example, innovators at the Israeli company OrCam have combined a small but powerful computer, digital sensors, and excellent algorithms to give key aspects of sight to the visually impaired (a population numbering more than twenty million in the United States alone). A user of the OrCam system, which was introduced in 2013, clips onto her glasses a combination of a tiny digital camera and speaker that works by conducting sound waves through the bones of the head. If she points her finger at a source of text such as a billboard, package of food, or newspaper article, the computer immediately analyzes the images the camera sends to it, then reads the text to her via the speaker.【7】Reading text ‘in the wild’– in a variety of fonts, sizes, surfaces, and lighting conditions—has historically been yet another area where humans outpaced even the most advanced hardware and software. OrCam and similar innovations show that this is no longer the case, and that here again technology is racing ahead. As it does, it willhelp millions of people lead fuller lives. The OrCam costs about $2,500 – the price of a good hearing aid – and is certain to become cheaper over time.【8】Digital technologies are also restoring hearing to the deaf via cochlear implants and will probably bring sight back to the fully blind; the FDA recently approved a first-generation retinal implant. AI’s benefits extend even to quadriplegics, since wheelchairs can now be controlled by thoughts. Considered objectively, these advances are something close to miracles –and they’re still in their infancy.Billions of Innovators, Coming Soon【9】In addition to powerful and useful AI, the other recent development that promises to further accelerate the second machine age is the digital interconnection of the planet’s people. There is no better resource for improving the world and bettering the state of humanity than the world’s humans– all 7.1 billion of us. Our good ideas and innovations will address the challenges that arise, improve the quality of our lives, allow us to live more lightly on the planet, and help us take better care of one another. It is a remarkable and unmistakable fact that, with the exception of climate change, virtually all environmental, social, and individual indicators of health have improved over time, even as human population has increased.【10】This improvement is not a lucky coincidence; it is cause and effect. Things have gotten better because there are more people, who in total have more good ideas that improve our overall lot. The economist Julian Simon was one of the first to make this optimistic argument, and he advanced it repeatedly and forcefully throughout his career. He wrote, “It is your mind that matters economically, as much or more than your mouth or hands. In the long run, the most important economic effect of population size and growth is the contribution of additional people to our stock of useful knowledge. And this contribution is large enough in the long run to overcome all the cos ts of population growth.”【11】We do have one quibble with Simon, however. He wrote that, “The main fuel to speed the world’s progress is our stock of knowledge, and the brake is our lack of imagination.” We agree about the fuel but disagree about the brake. The main impediment to progress has been that, until quite recently, a sizable portion of the world’s people had no effective way to access the world’s stock of knowledge or to add to it.【12】In the industrialized West we have long been accustomed to having libraries, telephones, and computers at our disposal, but these have been unimaginableluxuries to the people of the developing world. That situation is rapidly changing. In 2000, for example, there were approximately seven hundred million mobile phone subscriptions in the world, fewer than 30 percent of which were in developing countries.【13】By 2012 there were more than six billion subscriptions, over 75 percent of which were in the developing world. The World Bank estimates that three-quarters of the people on the planet now have access to a mobile phone, and that in some countries mobile telephony is more widespread than electricity or clean water.【14】The first mobile phones bought and sold in the developing world were capable of little more than voice calls and text messages, yet even these simple devices could make a significant difference. Between 1997 and 2001 the economist Robert Jensen studied a set of coastal villages in Kerala, India, where fishing was the main industry.10 Jensen gathered data both before and after mobile phone service was introduced, and the changes he documented are remarkable. Fish prices stabilized immediately after phones were introduced, and even though these prices dropped on average, fishermen’s profits actually increa sed because they were able to eliminate the waste that occurred when they took their fish to markets that already had enough supply for the day. The overall economic well-being of both buyers and sellers improved, and Jensen was able to tie these gains directly to the phones themselves.【15】Now, of course, even the most basic phones sold in the developing world are more powerful than the ones used by Kerala’s fisherman over a decade ago. And cheap mobile devices keep improving. Technology analysis firm IDC forecasts that smartphones will outsell feature phones in the near future, and will make up about two-thirds of all sales by 2017.【16】This shift is due to continued simultaneous performance improvements and cost declines in both mobile phone devices and networks, and it has an important consequence: it will bring billions of people into the community of potential knowledge creators, problem solvers, and innovators.‘Infinite Computing’ and Beyond【17】Today, people with connected smartphones or tablets anywhere in the world have access to many (if not most) of the same communication resources and information that we do while sitting in our offices at MIT. They can search the Web and browse Wikipedia. They can follow online courses, some of them taught by the best in the academic world. They can share their insights on blogs, Facebook, Twitter,and many other services, most of which are free. They can even conduct sophisticated data analyses using cloud resources such as Amazon Web Services and R, an open source application for statistics.13 In short, they can be full contributors in the work of innovation and knowledge creation, taking advantage of what Autodesk CEO Carl Bass calls “infinite computing.”【18】Until quite recently rapid communication, information acquisition, and knowledge sharing, especially over long distances, were essentially limited to the planet’s elite. Now they’re much more democratic and egalitarian, and getting more so all the time. The journalist A. J. Liebling famously remarked that, “Freedom of the press is limited to those who own one.” It is no exaggeration to say that billions of people will soon have a printing press, reference library, school, and computer all at their fingertips.【19】We believe that this development will boost h uman progress. We can’t predict exactly what new insights, products, and solutions will arrive in the coming years, but we are fully confident that they’ll be impressive. The second machine age will be characterized by countless instances of machine intelligence and billions of interconnected brains working together to better understand and improve our world. It will make mockery out of all that came before.Notes1.Erik Bynjolfsson: He is an American academic and Schussel Family Professor ofManagement at the MIT Sloan School of Management, the Director of the MIT Center for Digital Business and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, known for his contributions to the world of IT Productivity research and work on the economics of information more generally.2.Andrew Mcafee:He is the associate director of the Center for Digital Business atthe MIT Sloan School of Management, studying the ways information technology (IT) affects businesses and business as a whole. His research investigates how IT changes the way companies perform, organize themselves, and compete, and at a higher level, how computerization affects competition, society, the economy, and the workforce. He was previously a professor at Harvard Business School and a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society. He is the author of Enterprise 2.0, published in November 2009 by Harvard Business School Press, and co-author of Race Against the Machine with Erik Brynjolfsson. In 2014, thiswork was expanded into the book The Second Machine Age. He writes for publications including Harvard Business Review, The Economist, Forbes, The Wall St. Journal, and The New York Times. He speaks frequently to both academic and industry audiences, most notably at TED 2013 and on the The Charlie Rose Show.3.Julian Simon: 朱利安·西蒙，美国伊利诺斯大学的经济学和工商管理教授。

《专业英语》教学大纲English for Electronic Information Science and Technology学 时：32学 分：2 制订者：陈青春审核者：鲁植雄一、课程性质本课程为电子信息科学与技术专业科类选修课，授课对象为电子信息科学与技术专业高年级学生，宜安排在三年级进行。

二、教学目的与要求通过本课程学习，掌握电子信息科学与技术的英语表达方式和常用词汇，提高本专业英语原文文献的阅读能力。

三、教学内容及安排（一）课堂讲授部分(32学时)内 容学时 Course introduction 2 Unit 1 Electronic devices 3 Unit 2 Electronic circuits3 Unit 3 Electronic system components 3 Unit4 Electronic system 3 Unit5 Modern digital design 3 Unit6 Digital signal processing 3 Unit7 Audio and voice 3 Unit8 Image and video 3 Unit9 Embedded applications3 Unit 10 Electronic instruments and measurements3（二）实验部分(0学时)四、考核方式及成绩评定考核方式：开卷考试，120分钟，百分制成绩评定：平时成绩（作业、考勤、答疑）占总成绩30%； 期终考试占总成绩70%五、教材与参考书（一）教材1．任治刚编，《电子信息工程专业英语》，2004年，电子工业出版社，第一版（二）参考书1．李白萍编，《电子信息类专业英语》，2004年，西安电子科技大学出版社，第一版。

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．auditory adj.听的，听觉的2．verbal adj.言语的，文字的；口头的3．Confucius n．孔子4．concrete adj.确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的n．混凝土5．inductive adj.归纳的，归纳法的6．swan n．天鹅7．domain n．领域，范围；领土；域8．vocational adj.职业的，业务知识的9．circuit n．电路，线路；环行；赛车道10．lamp n．灯11．statistic n．统计数字，统计资料12．tablet n．平板电脑；药片13．certificate n．文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书14．breast n．胸部，胸脯15．geometry n．几何(学)；几何形状16．laptop n．笔记本电脑，便携式电脑17．sneeze v i.打喷嚏n．喷嚏，喷嚏声18．drawer n．抽屉19．cafeteria n．自助餐厅，自助食堂20．beard n．胡须，络腮胡子21．intimidating adj.吓人的，令人胆怯的22．carriage n．(火车的)客车厢；(旧时载客的)四轮马车23．kettle n．壶，水壶Ⅱ.记重点单词1．blank adj.空白的n．空白处，空格2．bound adj.一定会，很可能会；有义务(做某事)3．resolve v t.& v i.解决；表决；决心，决定n．决心，坚定的信念4．refresh v t.使变新；使恢复精力；使想起5．objective adj.客观的；客观存在的；宾格的n．目标，目的6．inquire v t.& v i.询问，打听7．register v t.& v i.登记，注册n．语体风格，语域；登记表8．comprehension n．理解力，领悟能力；理解练习9．cease v i.& v t.(使)停止，终止，结束10．self-worth n．自我价值感11．reasoning n．推理，理性的观点，论证12．abstract adj.抽象的，纯理论的v t.把……抽象出，提取13．qualify v t.使合格；使具备资格v i.取得资格(或学历)，合格14．prospect n．成功的机会，前景；可能性15．motor adj.机动车的，汽车的n．发动机，马达16．institution n．机构；风俗习惯，制度17．drill v t.& v i.培训，训练；钻(孔) n．练习，训练；钻，钻头18．competence n．能力，胜任19．random adj.随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的20．curtain n．幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；覆盖物21．mature adj.明白事理的，成熟的v i.成熟，长成；有判断力22．circus n．热闹场面；马戏团23．dormitory n．学生宿舍，集体宿舍24．essay n．文章，短文25．paragraph n．段，段落26．draft n．草稿，草案，草图v t.起草，草拟27．polish v t.& v i.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光n．抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛28．bounce v t.(向某人)试探地透露(主意) v i.跳动n．弹跳；活力29．professor n．教授；讲师，教员30．librarian n．图书管理员，图书馆馆长31．forehead n．额，前额Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．composition n．构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲艺术→compose v．构成；使镇静；创作；撰写→composer n．作曲家2．educator n．教育工作者；教育(学)家→educate v t.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育3．inquire v t.& v i.询问，打听→inquiry n．调查；询问，打听4．comprehension n．理解力，领悟能力；理解练习→comprehend v t.理解，领悟，懂得5．criticize v t.& v i.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价→criticism n．批判；指责，评论6．assumption n．假定，假设→assume v．假定，假设，认为7．occupation n．侵占，占领期；使用；工作，职业；消遣→occupy v t.占领；占用(时间、空间等)→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的8．recreation n．娱乐，消遣→recreational adj.消遣的；娱乐的9．tight ad v.紧紧地，牢固地adj.牢固的；严格的，密集的；亲密的→tighten v．(使)变紧，加强→tightly ad v.紧紧地，牢固地10．reference n．提到；参考；推荐信→refer v．查阅；参考，谈到11．presentation n．幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出→present v．颁发，授予；提出，提交；呈现，展现12．extension n．(为非全日制学生开设的)进修部，进修课；扩大，延伸→extend v．扩大，扩展，延伸1．passport n．护照2．patience n．容忍；耐心3．painful adj.疼痛的，痛苦的4．peaceful adj.和平的；安宁的5．performer n．执行者；演奏者6．persuade v t.说服，劝说7．physical adj.身体的；物理的8．plain adj.家常的；普通的9．plastic adj.塑料的10．pleasant adj.令人愉快的，舒适的11．pleasure n．高兴，愉快12．poisonous adj.有毒的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．be bound to一定会，很可能会2．keep pace with sb/sth 与……步调一致，与……并驾齐驱3．subscribe to订阅；定期订购(或订阅等)；同意，赞成4．in a flash转瞬间；立即5．compose oneself使自己镇定下来6．bounce ideas off sb 向某人试探地透露主意7．become aware that意识到，了解到，知道8．be perceived as被视为，被理解为，被认为9．be impressed on/upon sb 给某人留下深刻的印象10．take a deep breath深吸气，深呼吸11．stay up熬夜12．dawn on知晓，明白Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．As I journey through my life，I have become aware that acquiring knowledge is not only a means by which you can better understand the world，but also a way of appreciating how much，as an individual，you do not know.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)在我的人生征途中，我逐渐意识到获取知识不仅是一种让你更好地了解世界的方式，也是一种让你作为个体认识到你所不知的一种方式。

A Level 物理 Unit 4 知识点在 A Level 物理的 Unit 4 中，学生将会学习一些重要的知识点和概念，这些知识点不仅有助于学生学习物理的基础，也对他们今后的学习和职业发展有着重要的影响。

以下是一些在 A Level 物理 Unit 4 中涉及的重要知识点：1. 电磁感应- 法拉第/楞次定律- 动生电动势- 自感和互感- 安培环路定律- 电动机和发电机的工作原理2. 交流电- 交流电的特点- 交流电路的分析- 交流电的功率和功率因数- 交流电的变压器和变压器原理- 交流电的应用3. 光学- 几何光学和物体成像- 光的波动性和干涉- 光的偏振和偏光- 光的色散和光谱- 光波的双缝衍射实验4. 半导体和电子学- 半导体的导电性- PN 结和二极管- 晶体管和运算放大器- 信号处理和数字电子学- 半导体器件的应用5. 核物理- 放射性衰变- 核裂变和核聚变- 辐射和辐射测量- 核反应堆和核能发电- 医学应用和核武器6. 环保与能源- 可再生能源和非可再生能源 - 能源转换和能源效率- 环保技术和环境影响评价- 可持续发展的理念和实践- 环保和能源政策以上知识点涵盖了 A Level 物理 Unit 4 的主要内容，学生需通过对这些知识点的掌握来提高对物理学科的理解和认识。

这些内容也对现实生活和社会发展具有重要的意义，因此学生应该认真学习并深入理解这些知识点，以便将来在科研和工程实践中能够运用这些知识。

在 A Level 物理 Unit 4 中，学生将深入学习电磁感应、交流电、光学、半导体和电子学、核物理以及环保与能源等领域的知识。

这些知识点不仅仅是理论概念，更是与现实生活息息相关的科学原理和工程应用。

下面将进一步展开对这些知识点的详细讨论和探究。

1. 电磁感应电磁感应是电磁学中的重要概念，它描述了磁场和电场相互作用所产生的现象。

在学习电磁感应时，学生将学习到法拉第/楞次定律，即当一个导体相对于磁场的相对运动时，就会在导体两端产生感应电动势。

电子科技英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "semiconductor" refers to materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.A) TrueB) False2. Which of the following is not a type of electronic component?A) ResistorB) CapacitorC) InductorD) Transistor3. The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm, symbolized by:A) ΩB) mAC) VD) A4. The process of converting analog signals to digital signals is known as:A) ModulationB) DemodulationC) Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC)D) Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC)5. In the context of electronic circuits, what is the purpose of a diode?A) To amplify signalsB) To block the flow of current in one directionC) To store energyD) To filter signals6. What does the acronym "CPU" stand for in computing?A) Central Processing UnitB) Central Power UnitC) Central Programming UnitD) Central Print Unit7. The term "bandwidth" in telecommunications refers to:A) The width of a transmission bandB) The speed of data transmissionC) The quality of a transmission lineD) The cost of a transmission service8. Which of the following is a type of programming language used in electronics?A) JavaB) C++C) Both A and BD) Neither A nor B9. The basic unit of information in digital systems is the:A) BitB) ByteC) KilobitD) Megabyte10. What does "RAM" stand for in computer memory?A) Random Access MemoryB) Rapid Access MemoryC) Read Access MemoryD) Recorded Access Memory二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The ________ is the fundamental unit of electric charge.12. A ________ is a type of electronic device that can change resistance based on an input signal.13. The process of converting digital signals to analog signals is known as ________.14. In computer architecture, ________ refers to the internal communication pathways within a computer.15. The speed of a computer's processor is often measured in ________.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. What are the three main components of a microprocessor?17. Explain the difference between a parallel and a serial communication system.18. What is the role of a filter in an electronic circuit?19. Describe the function of a transistor in an amplifier circuit.四、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）20. 将以下句子从英文翻译成中文："The development of integrated circuits hasrevolutionized the electronics industry."21. 将以下句子从中文翻译成英文：“光纤通信具有传输速度快、抗干扰能力强等优点。

英语电子技术英语40题1. Which of the following is a common component in an electronic circuit?A. ResistorB. CapacitorC. TransistorD. All of the above答案：D。

本题考查电子电路中常见的组件。

选项A“Resistor（ 电阻）”、选项B“Capacitor（ 电容）”和选项C“Transistor（ 晶体管）”都是电子电路中常见的组件，所以选择D“All of the above（ 以上都是）”。

2. In an electronic device, what is used to store electrical energy?A. BatteryB. InductorC. CapacitorD. Generator答案：C。

本题考查电子设备中电能存储的部件。

选项A“Battery 电池）”主要是提供电能；选项B“Inductor（电感）”通常用于滤波等；选项C“Capacitor（ 电容）”能够存储电能；选项D“Generator（ 发电机）”是产生电能的设备。

所以答案是C。

3. What is the function of a diode in an electronic circuit?A. To amplify the signalB. To rectify the currentC. To store the chargeD. To control the voltage答案：B。

本题考查二极管在电子电路中的功能。

选项A“To amplify the signal（放大信号）”是三极管的作用；选项C“To store the charge（ 存储电荷）”是电容的作用；选项D“To control the voltage（ 控制电压）”通常由稳压器实现。

而二极管的主要功能是B“To rectify the current 整流电流）”。

高考题型·组合规范练13选择性必修第二册UNIT4阅读题组——练速度(35 mins)Ⅰ.阅读AFlorida Theme Parks and Amusement ParksFun Spot America (Two locations:Orlando and Kissimmee)The two small amusement parks offer two great wooden roller coasters:White Lightning and Mine Blower.They also feature lots of spinning (快速旋转) rides,one of the world’s tallest skycoasters,go-karts,and other attractions.For 2021,the Orlando Fun Spot America is debuting Sky Hawk,a 90-foot-tall swing ride.Discovery Cove (Orlando)SeaWorld Orlando’s sister attraction lets guests get up close and personal with dolphins and other animals for a unique theme park experience.Its somewhat expensive admission price includes all attractions,the swim-with-dolphins experience,meals,and a 14-day pass to either SeaWorld Orlando,Busch Gardens Tampa,or Aquatica Water Park.Disney’s Hollywood Studios (Lake Buena Vista)The smallest of the four Walt Disney World Parks,with the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and the Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster,Disney’s Hollywood Studios is home to Disney World’s most thrill-packed rides.Two of its more recent additions,Toy Story Land and,especially,Star Wars:Galaxy’s Edge,have made Disney’s Hollywood Studios much more popular.Legoland Florida (Winter Haven)The delightful Lego-themed park is designed for the 12-and-under set.Among the best things to do at Legoland Florida are Lego Ninjago the Ride,Miniland USA,the funny Lego Movie 4D,and the lovely Cypress Gardens,which is an ode to the park that once stood on the site.For 2021,the park introduced a new 4D movie,Journey to Mythica.1.What can visitors do in Discovery Cove?A.Watch a 4D movie.B.Get close to dolphins.C.Visit Toy Story Land.D.Experience a swing ride.2.Where is the smallest Walt Disney World Park?A.In Kissimmee.B.In Orlando.C.In Lake Buena Vista.D.In Winter Haven.3.Which park is specially built for children?A.Fun Spot America.B.Discovery Cove.C.Disney’s Hollywood Studios.D.Legoland Florida.BI frowned at myself in the dressing-room mirror.I was wearing white tights,a white leotard,and a white swim cap that hid most of my hair.I was one of the 10 snowflakes in my dance school’s Winter Wonderland show.“Grandma,I really don’t feel like being in the show,” I said.Grandma Lani looked up from what she was sewing.“Why,mo’opuna?” Mo’opuna means “grandchild” in Hawaiian.Grandma Lani has always lived in Hawaii.“You love to dance.” I used to love to dance.Then Ms.Tuttle gave the part of the Snow Queen to Christine Abrams.Christine got to wear a blue leotard and a feathery skirt that drifted out like a cloud every time she twirled.And she got to do a dance onstage all by herself.The snowflakes just had to run and spin to look like a snowstorm.I sighed.“I don’t like our dance.And no one would notice if I wasn’t there.There are so many of us.”“I would notice.So would your parents.”As Christine walked toward us,Grandma paused and smiled at her.“What a beautiful costume!”Christine glided away,her skirt waving behind her.I hung my head.Grandma took my hand.“What’s bothering my Avery?”“And you won’t be able to tell me apart from the other snowflakes,” I whispered.Grandma was about to speak.Then something outside the window caught her eye.She grabbed my hand and my coat and pulled me out of the dressing room and through the doors to the outside.It was snowing.Grandma held her breath and I suddenly thought of something.“Grandma,have you ever seen snow before?”“No,mo’opuna.In Hawaii,it snows only on the very tops of mountains.”I had seen snow lots of times,but now I tried to see it differently.Like it was new.I saw snowflakes twisting through the air in different directions,sparkling and shining at us.So many snowflakes coming together to create something magical.“Aloha,” Grandma whispered to the sky.Aloha can mean many things,including “love,”“hello,” and “good-bye.”“I don’t know when I’ll see something like that again.”“I do,” I said.I took Grandma Lani’s hand and pulled her back inside.When the stage lights came up and the music started,I spun and ran with all of the other snowflakes.I didn’t care if Grandma Lani could see me.I was helping her see a snowstorm.4.What is the part the granddaughter played in the dance?A.The Snow Queen.B.A snowflake.C.A snowstorm.D.A granddaughter.5.What can we learn from the text?A.She lived with her parents and grandma.B.Grandma would like to see snow again.C.It doesn’t snow at all where Grandma lived.D.Her parents didn’t come to the show.6.Why did the granddaughter feel like being in the show at last?A.She loved to dance very much.B.She became more important in it.C.She intended to show her talent.D.She meant to please her grandma.7.Which of the following words best describes the granddaughter?A.Selfish.B.Childish.C.Caring.D.Emotional.CThe team,led by Michael T.Tolley,a professor of mechanical engineering at the Jacobs School of Engineering at UC San Diego,details its findings in the Feb.17,2021 issue of the journal Science Robotics.“This work represents a fundamental yet significant step towards fully-autonomous,electronics-free walking robots,” said Dylan Drotman,a PhD student in Tolley’s research group and the paper’s first author.Applications include low-cost robots for entertainment,such as toys,and robots that can operate in environments where electronics cannot function,such as MRI machines.Soft robots are of particular interest because they easily adapt to their environment and operate safely near humans.Most soft robots are powered by air and are controlled by electronic circuits.But this approach requires complex components like circuit boards,valves (阀门) and pumps—often outside the robot’s body.These components,which make up the robot’s brain and nervous system,are typically large and expensive.By contrast,the UC San Diego robot is controlled by a lightweight,low-cost system of air-powered circuits,made up of tubes and soft valves,on board the robot itself.The robot can walk on command or in response to signals it senses from the environment.“With our approach,you could make a very complex robotic brain,” said Tolley,the study’s senior author.“Our focus here was to make the simplest air-powered nervous system needed to control walking.”In the future,researchers want to improve the robot’s ways to walk so it can walk on natural fields and uneven surfaces.This would allow the robot to navigate over a variety of obstacles (障碍).This would require a more complicated network of sensors and as a result a more complex air-powered system.The team will also look at how the technology could be used to create robots,which are in part controlled by air-powered circuits for some functions,such as walking.8.What is the achievement of the team’s study?A.Their robots can walk a huge step.B.Their robots work following commands.C.Their study gets their electronics for free.D.They find a new technique in walking robots.9.What can the team’s robots be applied to from the passage?A.Toy companies’ products.B.Environmental protection.C.Human safety.D.Factories without workers.10.What will the researchers probably do?A.Change the way of power.B.Help robots walk as humans.C.Improve robots to avoid obstacles.D.Build a network to control robots.11.What is the passage mainly talking about?A.The introduction to electronics-free walking robots.B.The functions of newly-developed robots.C.The applications of soft walking robots.D.The ways to improve traditional robots.DIn the past few decades,great progress has been made in the field of space exploration,which has enabled mankind to have a deeper understanding of the solar system,our place in it and in the universe.“We sent probes (探测仪) to every planet in the solar system.This is by far the best one,” said Clayton,vice president of Blue Origin.“Let’s focus right now on protecting the Earth environment,and then we’ll go from here.Space science and technology should be people-centric and application-centric,and focus on improving human life.We need to have a strong footing on the Earth,and learn to solve the day-to-day problems of the society.”“Space technology can help achieve the 17 sustainable development goals to be achieved by 2030 set by the United Nations.Satellite monitoring can really help with agriculture,”said Victoria,CEO of a company working on sustainable development.“Through Global Navigation Satellite System,animals’movement information recorded on self-recharging devices can be transmitted to the company’s server.Farmers can be alerted in real time if anomalies (反常现象) are detected.We can use it to ensure the traceability of the entire meat chain.As a result,it enables consumers to know that the beef they are eating does not come from protected areas or the cattle don’t contribute to deforestation.”As early as 2007,Michael Griffin,former Administrator of NASA,put forward the concept of the “space economy” in a speech.He is very optimistic about the market prospect of commercial space and said,“According to the latest data,the global space industry could reach $1 trillion in 2040,up from $378 billion currently.I believe more business models and space activities will be created in the future to achieve the economic scale of $1 trillion.”As an entrepreneur(创业者)herself,Victoria thinks the thriving space market will bring countless opportunities for entrepreneurs.She mentioned future settlements on Mars or on the Moon.“If we are going to develop a new society outside the Earth,we will need all types of applications and all types of startups.But coming back to the Earth,there are so many problems that need to be solved,and space technology can really help with that.”12.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.A successful space exploration.B.A probe sent to other planets.C.The planet people are living on now.D.The solar system people are exploring.13.In Clayton’s opinion,what should be the first concern about space technology?A.Providing more financial support.B.Improving people’s life on Earth.C.Sending more probes into the universe.D.The development of related technology.14.How does Victoria support her statement about satellite monitoring in Paragraph 2?A.By making reasoning.B.By providing accurate figures.C.By making comparison.D.By illustrating it from different aspects.15.What does the text mainly talk about?A.The necessity of space exploration.B.Breakthroughs in space exploration.C.The possible application of space technology.D.Controversial issues about space technology.Ⅱ.七选五Rules for Being the Age You AreIf you have recently entered that period of life known as middle age,the building years of your life will be over,and what you are now is pretty much what you are going to be.Soon it will be what you were.You can no longer tell yourself that you might move to Lisbon,learn Portuguese,and take up the guitar.1Do not just give people credit.2 Here’s a funny thing I’ve learned:No matter how many times you hear them,the words “You are amazing,and here’s why” never go out of style.Give yourself permission to be bad.You know what you’re really good at?Things you’ve done many times before.Mastery is boredom.Unfortunately we enjoy feeling like masters.3 We keep ourselves bored to protect ourselves from feeling stupid.4 Nine times out of ten,you’ll be bored and go home early.But the tenth time,you will have a worthy experience to meet an interesting person.It will make up for those other wasted hours.Do that thing you want to do right now.I mean,literally,pause reading this column,pick up the phone,and book that skydiving session.Right now.Don’t put it off until you have the time to really relax and enjoy it.5 It’s highly possible that you won’t be able to enjoy it.I will never forgive myself for passing up a chance to go to trapeze (高空秋千,吊架) school in my late 20s.A.Always do it later.B.We hate feeling like fools.C.Go home as late as possible.D.Tell them exactly how fantastic they are.E.Go to the party even when you don’t want to.F.That would be approximately three decades from now.G.But a set of simple rules can guide you through the rest of the way.选择性必修第二册UNIT4阅读题组——练速度Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了美国佛罗里达州的主题公园和游乐园。

电子信息技术专业英语第2版习题答案Exercise AnswersPart one ElectronicsUnit 1 Electronic ComponentsExercises1.(1)the simplest components in any circuit(2)converting electrical energy into heat.(3)仅沿单向流动(4)on or off switch(5)称为电绝缘的绝缘材料2. (1)current(2)circuit(3)charge(4)conductors(5)Transistors3. (1)which ---atoms(2)it---balloon(3)it---The unit of voltage, or potential difference(4)which---a wall or the ceiling(5)it---the charge of an electron is a negative one of 1.60218x10-19 coulombs4. (1)constitute(2)consists of(3)is composed of(4)makes up(5)constitute5. (1) Resistors can reduce the flow of current.(2) Capacitors consist of two pieces of conducting materials separated by a non-conducting material called a dielectric.(3)The function of a transistor is similar to a switch.Unit 2 SemiconductorExercises1．(1)集成电路(2)半导体的导电性(3)positive type material semiconductor(4)forward bias(5)每秒可完成上百万的简单指令操作2．(1)---(a)(2)---(c)(3)---(b)(4)---(e)(5)---(d)3. (1)√(2)x (3)x (4)√ (5) √4.(1)只要加很小的电压就能让电流流动的材料称为导体。

第三版大学英语第六册精读部分课后答案及解析Unit4Unit 4单词：1. desirable adj.令人满意的；值得拥有的；可取的；性感的eg. It is neither socially nor economically desirable that every city dweller owns a car.2. trap vt.诱骗；使受限制；困住；使（水与气体等）分离eg. The seventeen miners who have been trapped underground for there days are said to be unlikely to survive.3. when it comes to 当提到……，就……而言eg. Joe doesn’t seem interested in any academic liberal arts subjects, but when it comes to sports, he is the pride of the class.4. paradox n.似是而非，自相矛盾eg. Although I’m so successful I’m really rather a failure. That’s a paradox, isn’t it?5. fulfill vt. 履行（诺言），执行（命令），达到（目的）eg. Schools should fulfill the hopes and needs of poorer children, giving them a chance in society.6. for that matter 类似，等等，关于那一点eg. This new book will be of interest to policemen and prison officers, and for that matter to anyone who has to deal with criminals.7. in terms of 就…而言，根据，用…的话，以…为单位eg. The work is not very profitable in terms of money, but I’m getting valuable experience out of it.8. can’t help but 禁不住，不禁eg. She is still working on it despite all the adversities. I can’t help but admire her indomitable spirit.9. segment n.部分，段落；环节；（字符等的）分段；[动物学]节片eg. Each sales team targets its efforts at a particular segment of the general population.10. rural adj.乡下的，农村的；田园的；地方的；农业的eg. The authors point out that their study was done in a rural area and results may differ with urban clients.11. component n.成分；零件；[数]要素；组分eg. This factory only produces TV consoles(机壳); the inside electronic components are made elsewhere and shipped to the factory.12. reform n.改革，改良，改造；改正 vt.& vi.改善, 改革；重组eg. Concerned about overcrowding, the Texas prison wardens sent a petition to the governor asking for prison reform.13. resist v.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐；反对，抵制eg. Never feel that exercising is a waste of time, because a healthy body can help you to resist disease.14. media n.媒体；[解剖学]血管中层；[语音学] 浊塞音；介质eg. The death of the king received widespread coverage in the media.15. arrangement n.安排,筹备，预备；整顿，排列，约定；调解，和解eg. The unusual arrangement of the bookshelves in the city library makes it easy to find the book you find.16. seemingly adv.看来似乎；表面上看来；貌似eg. Dick remains calm and seemingly undisturbed by the recent crisis. 词组：1. talk about/of 讨论，谈论，考虑eg. Of course, for years they talked about moving to the country, getting away from the stress of the city life, but nothing ever came out of that talk.eg. For weeks, the BBC’s correspondents in the Un ited States could talk about little else except the Watergate hearings.2. talk down to 用高人一等的口气对人说话eg. Whatever their technical knowledge may be, adult students have a good deal of practical experience: they greatly resent being talked down to.3. talk into 说服某人做……eg. I know you’ve got a smooth tongue, so don’t even start to talk me into buying.4. talk of 谈及，说及，谈到（=when it comes to）eg. Talking of A.T offler, have you read his Future Shock?5. talk out of 说服某人不做……eg. He’s rather impulsive, but he can sometimes be talked out of making over-hasty moves.6. talk over 彻谈eg. I would suggest a line that you may care to consider and talk overat our next appointment.7. talk round 说服某人做……（其开始时反对）eg. He is not the easiest man to win over; he’ll need some talking round.8. talk to 与……谈话，责骂eg. The child needs to be talked to, and you are the person to do it.eg. She always complains that there’s nobody living near that she can talk to.1. hear about 大概听说……事，因……获得报偿或惩罚eg. Have you hear about Gatsby jumping into the pool with all his clothes on?2. hear from 从……听到，收到……的来信，受到……的责骂eg. Mother hasn’t hear from you for quite some time. She is beginning to think you must be ill.3. hear of 得知，知道，同意，得悉eg. They started out to cross the Sahara in a saloon car, and have not been hear of since.eg. I first hear of the firm, and had dealings with them, three years ago.4. hear out 听完eg. Don’t judge before I have finished what I have to say. Hear me out.填空：In the 1970s, the aspirations for self-fulfillment of millions of Americans split away from the traditional symbols of success. This happened for many complex reasons having to do with (与……有关系)the sexual revolution, the effects of the women’s movement on the family, the dying off（相继死亡）of the generation scarred by the Great Depression （大萧条）of the 1930s, a growing disillusionment with（对……的幻想破灭）the ability of our institutions to deliver the goods, the failure of the economy to live up to（满足）people’s expectations of a steady annual increase in income, a questioning of whether the values of a consumption economy are worth the hard work that pays for all the luxuries, an awareness that energy shortages and environmental hazards call for （需要） a new orientation, and a further evolution of individualism into the quest for less conforming personal life-styles.Simply put（简单地说）, a New Breed of Americans have come to feel that success is not enough to satisfy their yearnings for self-fulfillment. They are reaching out for（伸手要，寻求）something more and for something different.I estimate that, at the present time, the New Breed, those who feel that their aspirations for self-fulfillment can no longer be wholly satisfied through conventional success, constitute a majority of the American people (approximately 52 percent).Not surprisingly, the younger, better educated, and more affluent parts of the population are disproportionately represented in the New Breed,while the older, poorer, less well-educated parts of the population cling more tenaciously to the old value system and to traditional symbols.改错：In recent years unpaid housework has suffered a severe loss in social status. For women today being “just a housewife” is a poor means of maintain (改为maintaining)self-esteem. For women, exclusive confinement to the unpaid work of housekeeper and mother somehow implies being cut(加off) from the full possibilities of self-fulfillment. A paid job has become a badge of membership in the larger society and an almost indispensable symbolic(改为symbol)of self-worth. It is also a practical means of achieving autonomy and independence. The woman with a paid job, how(改为however) poorly paid it may be, feels that she no longer has to the total(改为totally)dependent on the will and whim of a man. No longer is she too(删去) obliged, because she is trapped in a status of total dependency, to stay with a satisfactory(改为an unsatisfactory)marriage. Divorce rates have shot up because divorce is now a practical option for millions of women. They now have, or can acquire the “price of admission”to independence in our society—a pay (改为paid)job. This does not mean that only women are choosing divorce and are solely responsible to (改为for) high divorce rates; many womendo not choose divorce because they are able to find work, and （改为but）find work because they are forced to support themselves after men leave to “fulfill themselves”.翻译：1.起初，我打算先准备生物课的考试，而后再做论文，但后来决定还是将做的顺序倒过来为好。

VISUAL SUMMARY视觉摘要THE SYSTEM UNIT系统单元System unit(or system cabinet) contains electronic components. Four basic types are: desktop, notebook, tablet PC, and handheld. PDA(personal digital assistant) is the most widely used handheld computer.系统单元（含电子元件或系统的公司）。

基本类型是：炉桌面，笔记本电脑，平板电脑和手持。

PDA（个人数字助理）is the most widely used手持计算机.Electronic Representation电子表示Our voices create continuous analog signals. A conversion to digital signals is necessary before processing. Data and instructions can be represented electronically with a two-state or binary system of numbers(0 and 1). Each 0 or 1 is called a bit. A byte consists of eight bits and represents one character.我们的声音创造了连续的模拟信号。

前处理是必要的转换为数字信号。

数据和指令可以表示用状态或二进制数字（0和1）。

每个0或1称为一位。

一个字节包含八位代表一个字符。

Binary Coding Schemes二进制编码方案Binary coding schemes convert binary data into characters. Three such schemes are二进制编码方案，将二进制数据转换为字符。

课时：2课时教学目标：1. 理解课文内容，掌握重点词汇和句型。

2. 培养学生的阅读理解能力和口语表达能力。

3. 提高学生的跨文化交际意识。

教学重点：1. 课文内容理解2. 词汇和句型掌握3. 口语表达能力教学难点：1. 课文长句的理解2. 词汇的记忆和应用3. 口语表达的流利性和准确性教学过程：第一课时一、导入新课1. 引导学生回顾上节课的内容，检查学生的掌握情况。

2. 提出本节课的学习目标，让学生明确学习方向。

二、课文阅读1. 阅读课文，让学生了解文章大意。

2. 分析课文中的重点词汇和句型，讲解其用法。

3. 让学生朗读课文，注意语音、语调的准确性。

三、课堂讨论1. 提出与课文相关的问题，引导学生进行讨论。

2. 学生分组讨论，分享各自的观点。

3. 教师总结讨论结果，加深学生对课文内容的理解。

四、词汇练习1. 列举课文中的重点词汇，让学生造句。

2. 通过游戏、竞赛等形式，巩固学生对词汇的记忆。

五、课堂小结1. 回顾本节课所学内容，强调重点和难点。

2. 布置课后作业，巩固所学知识。

第二课时一、复习导入1. 复习上节课所学内容，检查学生的掌握情况。

2. 引导学生回顾课文中的重点词汇和句型。

二、口语表达1. 让学生根据课文内容，进行角色扮演。

2. 教师点评学生的口语表达，指出优点和不足。

3. 学生相互评价，共同提高。

三、语法讲解1. 分析课文中的语法结构，讲解其用法。

2. 让学生进行语法练习，巩固所学知识。

四、拓展阅读1. 引导学生阅读与课文内容相关的文章。

2. 让学生总结文章的主旨，提高阅读理解能力。

五、课堂小结1. 回顾本节课所学内容，强调重点和难点。

2. 布置课后作业，巩固所学知识。

教学反思：1. 关注学生的学习情况，及时调整教学策略。

2. 激发学生的学习兴趣，提高课堂氛围。

3. 注重学生的口语表达能力，培养学生的跨文化交际意识。

板书设计：一、导入新课1. 上节课回顾2. 本节课学习目标二、课文阅读1. 文章大意2. 重点词汇和句型三、课堂讨论1. 讨论问题2. 分组讨论3. 教师总结四、词汇练习1. 词汇造句2. 游戏竞赛五、课堂小结1. 重点和难点回顾2. 课后作业布置。