1 3 (1) + = x x 4 x 2 4 5 (2) + + = xy xy xy 11 xy 你回答对了吗?类似于分数的加法和减法法则,我们得 到分式的加法和减法法则: 同分母的分式相加减,分母不变,把分子相加减。 例 解 计算: x2 y2 - (1) x+ y x+ y 2a-4 3a-8 + (2) 2a-3 3-2a a (a + b) 2 ‹# › (3 + a) (3- a) 1 (3 + a)(3 - a ) 2 2 1 1 = 2 2 (3 - a ) (a - 3)Biblioteka Baidu1 1 2 = (a + 3) (3 + a ) 2 ‹# › ‹# › 你还记得分数的加法与减法法则吗?仿照分数加减法法 则,请同学们完成下列题目: 一定要注意 符号哟! 1、计算: 3y y (1) + x x 2、计算: 2b 3b + (1) a-4 4-a a + 3 2a -1 ( 2) 3a + 2 3a + 2 2x - z z - 2 y (2) x- y y-x 同分母的分式相加减,分母不变,把分子相加减。 类似于异分母的分数加减法,我们得出: 异分母的分式相加减,先把它们通分,然后再加减。 5ab + 5b2 + 3a 2 - 3ab = 15ab2 3a 2 + 2ab + 5b 2 = 15ab 2 计算: 1 1 (1) + r1 r2 y x (2) - x y r1 r1 + r2 r2 1 1 + = 1 (1) + = r1 r2 r1 r2 r1 r2 r r2 y x y 2 x2 y 2-x 2 (2) - = - = x y xy xy xy (2) y xy y xy 各分母先分解 + 2 2= + x+ y y - x x + y ( y - x)( y + x) 因式,容易 找最简公分 y xy 母 = x + y ( x - y )( x + y ) y( x - y) xy = ( x - y )( x + y ) ( x - y )( x + y ) y ( x - y ) - xy yx - y 2 - xy = = ( x - y )( x + y ) ( x - y)( x + y ) - y2 y2 = =( x - y)( x + y ) ( x - y)( x + y ) 30 a b c 2 2 2´ 10c = 2 2 2 3a b 3a b´ 10c 1 1´ 6a = 2 2 2 5bc 5bc ´ 6a 3 3´ 15ac =2 2ab 2ab´ 15ac 2 2 2 2 ‹# › 1 (a + 3)(a - 3) 1 2 (a + 3) ‹# › x ( x + y )( x - y) ( x + y)( x-y) x2 y2 x 2-y 2 - = = = x- y (1) x+ y x+ y x+ y x+ y 2a-4 3a-8 2a-4 3a-8 (2a - 4) - (3a - 8) + = = (2) - 2a - 3 2a-3 3-2a 2a-3 2a-3 a- 4 2a - 4 - 3a + 8= - a + 4 = - (a - 4) = = 2a - 3 2a - 3 2a - 3 2a - 3 计算: 4 2 (1) x-2 x+ 2 1 m - 2 2 ( 2) m+ n m -n (1) 4 2 2 x + 12 = 2 x-2 x+ 2 x -4 1 m n - 2 2=- 2 2 (2) m+ n m -n m -n P68 A组 T1T2 例 解 计算: 1 1 1 () x + 1 x -1 (2) y xy + 2 2 x+ y y - x 2 x -1 x+ 1 ( x -1) - ( x + 1) 1 1 = = = (1) 2 x + 1 x -1 ( x + 1)( x -1) ( x + 1)( x -1) ( x + 1)( x -1) x -1 3y x( x + y ) 3x y( x + y) ‹# › 1 2 ( x + 5)( x - 5) 1 2 ( x + 5) ( x - 5) ‹# › 2 (a + b) (a - b) 1 ( a - b) 2 3 2( a + b) 1 1 =(a + b)(a - b) (b + a )(b - a ) 经过通分,把异分 母分式的加减法 转化为同分母分 式的加减法了。 例 解 计算: 1 1 + (1) 2ab 6bc (2) a+ b a -b + 3ab 5b 2 (1) 1 1 3c a a + 3c + = + = 2ab 6bc 6abc 6abc 6abc a + b a - b 5b(a + b) 3(a - b) + = + (2) 2 2 3ab 5b 15ab 15ab 2