2018届高考英语二轮复习练习：专题一分类突破1.1.1(含解析)

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·湖北荆门调研)If that incident________(not happen)，I wouldn’t have made new friends in high school and met the people who are my best friends now.解析：句意为：如果没有发生那件事，在高中我不会交新朋友，也不会遇见现在我最好的朋友。

本题考查虚拟语气。

根据上下文逻辑可知设空处表示的行为与过去事实相反，故填hadn’t happened。

答案：hadn’t happened2．(2017·河北唐山一次调研)Knowing his son’s death could________(avoid) if he had only called the doctor，he always felt he was guilty.解析：句意为：得知但凡他请了医生他儿子的死就可以避免，他总是感到很内疚。

his son’s death与avoid为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态；设空处表示过去的事情，设空处前为情态动词，故需用“情态动词＋have been＋过去分词”形式，因此填have been avoided。

答案：have been avoided3．(2017·山东师大附中二模) I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first________(go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.解析：句意为：我非常高兴，刚要接受她的提议，这时她建议我们先去西湖游览断桥。

本题考查虚拟语气。

suggest“建议”后加宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词需用should ＋动词原形，should可以省略，故填go或should go。

第一讲动词与动词短语考点1熟词生义现象1．Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp________youryearahead.(2017·江苏，30) A．shape B．switchC．stretch D．sharpen答案 A解析句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。

shape影响(某事物的发展)，符合语境。

switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen 使变锋利，使增强。

2．Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite，ratherthan________us.(2016·浙江，8) A．divide B．rejectC．control D．abandon答案 A解析句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。

divide分开，使产生分歧；reject拒绝；control控制；abandon放弃，抛弃。

根据句意可知选A。

3．Shakespeare’swritingisstillpopulartoday.Ithasreally________thetestoftime.(2014·安徽，34) A．failed B．stoodC．taken D．conducted答案 B解析考查动词辨析。

句意为：莎士比亚的作品现在依然流行，它真的已经经受住了时间的考验。

由句意可知选B。

考点归纳熟词生义现象在高考中屡屡出现，有时会给考生带来不小的困难。

应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外，对其不太常用的义项也要作适当的了解；其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆处理，以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。

如下列单词的“熟词生义”：ache渴望；address在……上写地址，演说；alone只有；appreciate意识到；blue忧伤的；count 有价值；cover够……用；develop逐渐形成；draw推断出；date约会；escape被忘掉；fail 使失望，衰竭；foreign不熟悉的；fresh无经验的；ground理由；invite招致；late已故的；might力量；observe遵守，庆祝；push督促；promise预示；part分手，放弃；read写着；relate讲述；say假设；subject易遭受……的；walk遛等。

学好英语的唯一途径，不出仿效和背诵。

背虽传统，但最实用，二轮复习时间再紧，也不能挤掉本属于英语的背诵，更何况我们给考生准备的都是一些“功利性”的、“立竿见影”的词汇和句式。

利用课余时间，背背就能增分。

一、每天识记20个阅读障碍词汇(abnormal — acquaintance)1．abnormal adj. 不正常的2．abolish v. 废除3．abortion n. 人工流产4．abrupt adj. 突然的，粗鲁的5．abstract adj.&n. 抽象(的)6．absurd adj. 荒谬的7．abundant adj. 丰富的8．abuse v. 滥用，虐待9．academic adj. 学术的10．academy n. 研究院；专科院校11．accelerate v. (使)加快12．accommodation n. 住宿；和解13．accomplish v. 完成，实现14．account n. 账目；描述15．accountant n. 会计师16．accumulate v. 积累；聚集17．accurate adj. 精确的，准确的18．accuse v. 控告19．acknowledge v. 承认20．acquaintance n. 相识的人二、每天默写并背诵10个表达词汇1．abandon v. 放弃，抛弃2．ability n. 能力；才能3．absence n. 不在，缺席4．absent adj. 缺席的，不在的5．absolute adj. 绝对的6．absorb v. 吸收7．access n．&v. 接近，进入(权)8．accessible adj. 可接近的，可使用的9．accompany v. 陪伴10．accustomed adj. 通常的，习惯的三、每天背诵5个写作佳句时间状语从句1．(2017·北京高考书面表达)Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received.几天后，当视频在毕业典礼上播放时，反响很好。

主旨大意之段落大意题ADo you know electricity can change the way we taste food？Proving this fact is a revolutionary electric fork designed by Japanese researchers that can make any dish taste salty.According to Hiromi Nakamura，a Post Doc Research Fellow at Tokyo’s Meiji University，the technology can be very useful for people on special diets.Patients with high blood pressure，for instance，can easily go on a low­salt diet and still enjoy delicious food.And with the fork，there’s absolutely no risk of over­salti ng their food.Luckily，the voltage(电压) is so small that there is no risk of electrocution(触电) either.The idea of adding electricity to food was first exposed as an experiment at the Computer Human Interaction Conference in Austin，Texas，in 2021.Nakamura and her team connected a wire to a 9­volt battery and passed it through a straw placed in a cup of sweet lemonade.Volunteers reported that the charged lemonade tasted “blander〞，because the electricity created the taste of salt.Nakamura has improved the technology to be able to transfer an electric charge to food through forks and chopsticks.“The metallic part of the fork is one electrode(电极)，and the handle is the other，〞Nakamura explained.“When you take a piece of food with the fork and put it in your mouth，you connect the circuit.When you remove the fork from your mouth，you disconnect the circuit.So it actually works as a switch.〞Simon Klose，host of food program Munchies，who recently visited Nakamura to try out the fork himself，called this form of “food hac king〞one of the greatest eating experiences he’d ever had.“When I first heard of electric food，it sounded scary，〞he said.He later continued to use a charged fork to eat pieces of fried chicken，and found that the saltiness considerably increased as the electricity was connected.Nakamura has been eating “electric〞food for the past three to four years in an attempt to understand it better.“For me，‘food hacking’ is about strengthening or weakening real food，〞she said.“It may seem like we’re cooking but we’re actually working on the human senses.〞错误!1．The electric fork may benefit people who . A．need to go on a dietB．have high blood pressureC．prefer food free of saltD．show interest in tasty food答案B解析细节理解题。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·太原一模)At first，both of them joined together and the frog________(lead) his friend towards the pool in which he lived，and didn’t stop until he reached the side of the water.解析：考查动词时态。

与上文joined呼应，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

答案：led2．(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评V)She said she________(notice) a big change in me and wondered why.解析：句意为：她说她已经注意到了我的巨大变化并想知道为什么会出现这种情况。

设空处notice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。

答案：had noticed3．(2017·江西九江十校二次联考)However，thanks to the international agreement，there________(be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.解析：句意为：然而，多亏了这项国际协议，自从1990年，非法捕猎少了很多。

根据时间状语since 1990可推知设空处用现在完成时；本句主语hunting为单数第三人称，故填has been。

答案：has been4．(2017·山西晋商四校联考)They had to wait and________(hope) that someone would come and help them.解析：句意为：他们不得不等待，希望有人来帮助他们。

设空处与had to wait并列作谓语，根据逻辑判断设空处应为一般过去时，故填hoped。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·浙江嘉兴基础测试)Later，her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars made her________international superstar.解析：根据语意可知，她成了一位国际巨星，表示泛指“一个”，且international以元音音素开头，前面需用不定冠词an。

答案：an2．(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)We also visited the Three Gorges Dam，________symbol of Chinese pride and power.解析：空后是同位语；symbol是可数名词，这里用不定冠词，表泛指意义，即“一个”。

答案： a3．(2017·新疆第二次适应性检测)Besides，reference books are just________assistant，so we should not rely on them too much.Only in this way can we make full use of reference books.解析：考查冠词。

assistant是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且assistant的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。

答案：an4．(2017·山西省适应性考试)All too soon it was time to leave. I really enjoyed my stay in Xi’an. It is indeed worth________second visit.解析：句意为：时间过得太快了，到时间该离开了。

我真的喜欢待在西安。

它的确是值得再次参观的。

“a＋序数词＋名词”表示：又一，再一。

答案： a5．(2017·河北石家庄二中联考)As________outgoing girl, it is my strength to get along well with my classmates.解析：作为一名外向的女孩儿，与我的同学们相处融洽是我的长处。

文章构造之篇章构造题AThe term “helicopter parents〞refers to “a style of parents who are over focused on their children〞．Helicopter parents are always making a big push to provide children with every opportunity to succeed，from baby steps at age 1，homework at age 8，college application at age 18，employment issues at age 25 to family problems at age 30,40 or even older.They constantly shadow the child，always directing his behavior，allowing him zero alone time.Helicopter parenting can develop for a number of reasons.Worries about the economy，the job market，and the world in general can push parents toward taking more control over their child’s life in an attempt to protect them.Adults who felt unloved or ignored as children can overcompensate their own children.When parents see other overinvolved parents，it can cause a similar response.They feel that if they don’t involve themselves in their children’s lives，they are bad parents.The main problem with helicopter parenting is that it can backfire.To give an example，the house where Mary lived with roommates was broken into and things were stolen.Marycalled the landlord(房东) to install an alarm system，but before she could finish the negotiations(协商)，her mother rushed in and demanded action.“I felt like my mother ruined my communication with our landlord.We could have gotten it done ourselves.She was well intended but only made me feel annoyed and defeated，〞says Mary.Obviously，overparenting is motivated with the idea of doing good things but it does the exact opposite.In the long run parents are actually damaging their child’s basic skills to deal with matters independently.It makes the child feel lacking in confidence，less competent in dealing with the stresses of life on their own.They’re winning the battle，but actually losing the war.A．To do something good for their children.B．To make their children not ignored.C．To help their children find a good job.D．To get rid of the pressure from other parents.答案A解析细节理解题。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·湖北荆门调研)If that incident________(not happen)，I wouldn’t have made new friends in high school and met the people who are my best friends now.解析：句意为：如果没有发生那件事，在高中我不会交新朋友，也不会遇见现在我最好的朋友。

本题考查虚拟语气。

根据上下文逻辑可知设空处表示的行为与过去事实相反，故填hadn’t happened。

答案：hadn’t happened2．(2018·河北唐山一次调研)Knowing his son’s death could________(avoid) if he had only called the doctor，he always felt he was guilty.解析：句意为：得知但凡他请了医生他儿子的死就可以避免，他总是感到很内疚。

his son’s death与avoid为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态；设空处表示过去的事情，设空处前为情态动词，故需用“情态动词＋have been＋过去分词”形式，因此填have been avoided。

答案：have been avoided3．(2018·山东师大附中二模) I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first________(go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.解析：句意为：我非常高兴，刚要接受她的提议，这时她建议我们先去西湖游览断桥。

本题考查虚拟语气。

suggest“建议”后加宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词需用should＋动词原形，should可以省略，故填go或should go。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ) No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster，______helped me out simply by listening and hugging.解析：句意为：除了校长外，没人努力想知道真正的问题是什么。

她只是通过倾听和拥抱就帮我从困境中解脱出来。

设空处前为逗号，由此可知设空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的引导词。

将先行词代入定语从句可知，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词指“人”，故填who。

答案：who2．(2017·山西晋商四校联考)Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite________their parents were waiting.解析：句意为：最后，在4个小时之后他们到达了营地，他们的父母正在那里等着他们。

先行词为campsite，将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。

答案：where3．(2017·河南八市重点高中10月质检)The sharks followed the warm currents________may have changed northward during this period.解析：句意为：这些鲨鱼跟随着在这段时间可能已经改为向北的暖流。

先行词为the warm currents，先行词指“事物”，先行词在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。

答案：that/which4．(2017·江西省二次联考)Back to the gas station, I offered her the bag，________she gladly accepted.解析：句意为：回到了加油站，我把那个包给了她，她欣然接受了。

手惰市安逸阳光实验学校十二、主旨大意——文章大意题(2018·北京，A)My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn’t do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！”By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21，I was starving!As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I gota medal.In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.the author .A.was well trainedB.felt scaredC.made up his mind to runD.lost hope答案C解析细节理解题。

词义猜测之句意猜测题AAllow me to introduce you to Terry，a window salesman from England.If I could take you back about 20 years，you’d know Terry as a complete green hand，who was wet behind the ears in just about everything he attempted.A person couldn’t sell false teeth to his own Granny，let alone he could compete with the other salespeople in the industry.You know，the kind who could sell snow to Eskimos.Terry’s boss decided to send him out on a practical field trip on his first day.So off he went，but he was extremely nervous.With his hands and his knees shaking，he approached the front door and knocked at it.And an old woman appeared.After dozens of cups of tea and pieces of biscuits，the woman signed a contract and purchased over 7,000 worth of windows.The woman had already talked with 6 excellent salesmen that week，all of whom offered her cheaper ones！That’s right—Terry’s price was the most expensive and he was also the most inexperienced salesman there ever was.So，what happened then？Here comes the secret.The woman said she liked the young lad more than the others.That’s all there was to it.She didn’t care about the extra expense.Even the other salesmen couldn’t persuade her to pay less than this young lad was asking for.The truth is that the young lad left on the woman the first impression that shone brighter than any of the salesmen’s talk.First impressions count，not the sales techniques，not the low prices.The actual “personality” the kid honestly gave was all that was required.If you market your own products and services，consider what impression you are giving to others.If you appeal to them，then you’ve already done half of the work.If this means redesigning your presentation，then so be it.If this means going out of your way to be polite，helpful and giving the best possible shopping experience to your customers，then so be it.语篇解读本文属于记叙文，讲述了一个销售新手Terry成功地向顾客销售了一批窗户，而很多其他有经验的销售员都失败了。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·湖南六校联盟联考)Most importantly，though，remember the following old rule：try to eat different food，________not too much.解析：考查连词。

根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。

根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。

答案：but/yet2．(2017·辽宁沈阳高中三年级教学质量监测一)In my early twenties，I worked in Kuwait (科威特) for several years.One day，a local workmate warned us of a coming sandstorm.I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like________I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself.解析：考查连词。

句意为：我从来没有看过沙尘暴是什么样子，(所以)我告诉他我要出去亲自看看。

根据空处语境可知，空处前后句间为并列关系或因果关系。

答案：so/and3．(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一期联考)I was driving home late at night________my car lost momentum (动力) and got slower and slower.解析：考查状语从句。

句意为：我深夜正驾驶在回家的路上，突然汽车失去动力，变得越来越慢。

分析该句结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句。

be doing...when意为“正在做某事时突然……”。

答案：when4．(2017·昆明质量检测)However，________she was doing the research，she noticed that many kids were simply not drinking enough water.解析：考查状语从句的引导词。

►读后续写重点话题突破01人与动物____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________Later that afternoon, Mr. Lacey came back with the same dog.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________【范文模板】However, the sun was shining the next morning. Doris was sitting alone in the living room trying not to cry, but she was not strong enough. Her face was wet and red, her eyes full of depression. Outside, she heard the trunk of the car slam shut, one of the doors open and close, the old engine cough and choke and finally start up. Hearing the car travel down the road, she could do nothing but cry herself to sleep, and her dreams were full of searching and searching for things lost.Later that afternoon, Mr. Lacey came back with the same dog. Doris put her hand to her mouth. She couldn’t believe her eyes. “You didn’t take her away?” she asked. “I did,” her father answered. “The worst looking place I’ve ever seen. Ten dogs in a cage. Smell was enough to knock you down. And they give an animal six days to live. Then they kill it with some kind of a shot. I wouldn’t leave an ant in that place, so I brought the dog back.” Doris excitedly ran to her father and gave him a super big hug. What an unexpected surprise it is!【情节分析】本文是一篇记叙文。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·重庆南开中学月考)________I am talking about is not the recent movies，but the village in England with the same name.解析：句意为：我正谈论的不是最近的电影，而是与这部电影同名的一个英国村庄。

分析句子结构可知________I am talking about为主语从句，从句中缺少about的宾语，表示事物，故填What。

答案：What2．(2017·河北保定、唐山联考)I asked him________his father had done so that he became such a good person.解析：句意为：我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他成为一个如此好的人。

设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。

答案：what3．(2017·山东师大附中二模)My first task was to decide where to go and________to get there.解析：句意为：我的第一项任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。

根据常识可知设空处表示“如何”，故填how。

答案：how4．(2017·辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)That’s________it is good to eat fruits and vegetables.解析：句意为：那就是食用水果和蔬菜有好处的原因。

“That is why...”(那就是……的原因)是固定句型。

答案：why5．(2017·安徽黄山二模) While visiting Hangzhou’s West Lake and its surrounding beautiful hills，you’ll understand________it’s been a great source of inspiration for artists，poems and philosophers throughout Chinese history.解析：句意为：当你游览杭州西湖及周围美丽的群山时，你就会懂得为什么在中国历史中那个地方一直是画家、诗人和哲学家的灵感之源。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·湖北四地七校联考)In recent years，stress has been regarded as a cause of medical problems.However，like so many other things，it is only too much stress________does you harm.解析：设空处所在句句意为：但是，像很多其他的事情一样，只有太多的压力才会伤害到你。

第二句中，去掉it is及设空处，句子结构和意义仍然完整，因此此句为强调句，其基本句型为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”。

本句被强调的部分为事物，故填that。

答案：that2．(2017·江西九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and________was my friend Mike.解析：根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so＋谓语动词＋主语”这种倒装结构，表示“……也……”。

答案：so3．(2017·江苏南通全真模拟Ⅵ)It is required that under no circumstances________we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.解析：句意为：要求我们在任何情况下都不能背叛自己，即使在像金钱、美色的诱惑面前。

在It is required后的that从句中，其谓语动词要用should＋动词原形。

under no circumstances置于从句句首，故从句需部分倒装，故设空处填should。

答案：should4．(2017·江苏苏锡常镇四市3月调研)One has reason to believe that China’s anti-corruption over the past few years，tough________it is，has achieved inspiring progress.解析：句意为：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。

课堂巩固训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·浙江金温台三市部分学校第十一次联考)Computergame________(design) oftencreateinterestingvideogamestotemptplayerstokeepplaying.解析：根据句意可知此处表示“电子游戏的设计者”，同时根据谓语动词create可知，需用复数形式，故填designers。

答案：designers2．(2017·浙江湖州期末考试)Managingtostoppanickingandtrembling，wequicklyputonourprote ctivesuits，helmetsandbootsandeventuallymadeour________toasafeplace.解析：makeone’swayto“去往，前进”，为固定短语。

答案：way3．(2017·浙江湖州期末考试)Howluckywewereeventhoughmyprecious________(equip) anddocumentswereallburnttotheground!解析：myprecious后面缺少名词，equip的名词形式equipment表示“装备，设备”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

答案：equipment4．(2017·河南豫南九校质量考评Ⅴ)Deepworrybegantodestroymy________(confident)．解析：句意为：极度忧虑开始毁掉我的自信。

设空处在本句中作宾语，且设空处前有形容词性物主代词，故可判断设空处应填名词，confidence为不可数名词，故答案为confidence。

答案：confidence5．(2017·河北石家庄二中联考Ⅱ)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemeinto________(consider)．Lookingforwardtoreceivingyourreply.解析：句意为：如果你能考虑我，我将不胜感激。