主谓一致三个原则
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主谓一致“三原则”一、语法一致原则。
即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致,谓语的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数形式。
1.主语为复数时用复数的谓语动词;主语为单数名词、代词、不可数名词、单个的动词不定式、动名词短语或从句时,谓语动词用单数。
2. 由and或both…and连接的短语,谓语动词常用复数。
3.and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。
4.由and连接的两个单数主语前分别有every, each, many a, no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
5.主语为单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, not,besides, like, except, but, including, rather than 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。
二、意义一致原则。
即谓语动词取决于主语所表达的意义,若主语形式上为复数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数;若主语形式上为单数,而意义上是复数,动词要用复数;1. 表示时间、距离、价格、长度、重量的复数名词常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。
2. family, team, crowd, audience, class, committee 等集合名词作主语时,如看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数,如看成若干成员,谓语动词用复数。
3. the rest, some, most, half, part, 分数或百分数作主语时,所指代的是可数名词,谓语用复数;指代的是不可数名词,谓语用单数。
4. either, neither, each, another以及any, some, no, every与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
5.none of 作主语时,后接不可数名词用单数的谓语动词;后接可数名词时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。
5. the加上形容词或分词可当名词来用,如指一类人,用复数的谓语动词;如指一抽象概念,则用单数的谓语动词。
英语语法原则主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则是指形式一致原则,意义一致原则,临近一致原则,小编在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。
主谓一致三原则1. 形式一致的原则一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:如:(1) He likes skating in winter.他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
主谓一致的三个原则在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。
确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则:一、语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致,即单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。
但要注意以下几种情况:1由and 连接并列主语时,谓语动词常用复数。
A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。
但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式:(1)并列主语指同一人(物)、同一概念(这是第二个名词前无冠词)时;The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。
Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。
类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。
如:Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。
No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。
2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。
To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。
主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则:1语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致;例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式;例如:The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系;例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式;people in that country are fighting for independence.crowd deeply respect their leader.years in a strange land seems a long time.3就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语;例如:Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.Either ..or …2.主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法:1下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式;例如:hundred miles is a long distance.dollars is a high price for that book.b.由anyone,anything,anybody,noone,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,some one,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式;例如:is knocking at the door.is better than going to the movie tonight.c.由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of +名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式;例如:A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.d.由“many a,more than one +单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式;例如:Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.There is more than one answer to your question.e.“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:A writer and educator is giving a lecture now.这个人既是作家又是教育家A writer and a educatorf."either neither + of +复数名词或代词"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work.of them wants to come.g.在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:Each man and each woman has the right to vote.h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;例如:What I want to say is none of your business.Listening to the classical music is enjoyable.i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics政治学,mathematics数学,statistics统计学,acoustics声学,linguistics语言学等,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:Mathematics is what he majors in.2下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词;意义一致a.由“a11,none,no,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如:None of the food is wasted.None of the students were absent.The rest of the lecture was dull.The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday.b.由"lots of,heaps of,loads Of,scads of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如:Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon.There is loads of milk on the farm.There are loads of big red apples on the ground.There is heaps of fun.c.由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式;例如:Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam.3下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定;a.由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式;如果表示一类人如the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the sick,the young,the old,谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:The blind are taught trades in special schools.表示一类人The good in him overweighs the bad.表示抽象概念The departed was a good friend of his.表示个人b.family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group ,government,team,public,majority,minority等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定;例如:The family like to listen to the music.the family 指这家人,用作复数The family is small.the family指这个家庭,用作单数The committee has considered your proposal.the committee指委员会,用作单数The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes. the committee指委员会的委员们,用作复数下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可;a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可;例如:Five and six make/makes eleven.Seven times ten are seventy.但是:Twenty from thirty leaves ten.Six sevens are forty-two.b.由"one in/out of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可;例如:One in ten were/was present.下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式;例如:A girl and a boy want to go.Both rice and wheat are grown in that country.6下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定;a.由as well as,together with,besides,like,along with,with but,except,accompanied by,rather than,including连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定;例如:The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.The young mother with her two children is coming now.The plant manager,like many technicians,is experienced in designing new products.b.“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致;例如:The picture of the children孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences.The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful.c.由not only…butalso,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定;例如:He or you have taken my pen.Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.One or two days are enough to visit the city. d.there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式;例如:There is a garden in front of the house.There are two things I'd like to say here.7关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a.由"this/that kind/type of +名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;而由"these/those kind/type of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;例如:kind of apples is highly priced.这种kinds of tests are good.那些b.由“a number of,a total of,an avera ge of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由“the number of,the total of,the average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如:A number of students are waiting for the bus.The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.c.one of,the only one of的一致用法This is one of the books that have been recommended.This is the only one of the books that has been recommended.3.前后呼应的用法1当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,eve rything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式;例如:If anybody calls,tell him that I'm out.Something strange happened,didn't itEvery passenger has to carry his own luggage.2人称代词与名词的呼应:人称代词I me,he him,she her,it it都是代替前面的单数名词,而they them,we us则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数;但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示;例如:If a young person enters a classical music field only for money,he is in the wrong profession.The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours;3物主代词与名词的呼应:my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致;例如:The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut.Delphins are warm-blooded;that is,their body temperature always stays about thesame,regardless of the surroundings.4反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应;Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himself.I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea.5指示代词与所代名词间的呼应:this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”;例如:She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column.6much和much of后接不可数名词,而many和many of 后接可数名词的复数;例如:There is not much coal left.A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.7表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词;接可数名词的有:a number of,a range of,a series of十复数名词;接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词;既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有:a lot of,a variety of;例如: government attached a great deal of importance to education.a number of women applied for this job.college library has a variety of books.apple is a variety of fruit.wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system.。
主谓一致英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词一致.谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化.高考英语中主要以完形填空和语法填空的形式,同时可能会结合其他语法点比如非谓语动词和复合句等来考查。
一、主谓一致的三原则主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
(一)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
Jolin has made great success with so many years going on。
Jolin是单数形式,谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人,表示复数,谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are。
(二)意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。
有时候主语在形式上是单数形式,但是其意义是负数,谓语动词根据意义而定,采用复数形式。
The singer and artist is holding a concert called “land blue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。
The old are very well taken care of in our city。
the old 指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数。
(三)就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole。
1You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分,因此be动词应当用复数形式的are。
二、主谓一致的详细讲解(一)代词作主语1.不定代词either,neither, each, one,the other,another以及复合不定代词someone,somebody等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致三个原则主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称、数和时态等方面的配合一致。
主谓一致是语法中的重要原则之一,它可以使句子结构更加完整,准确传达思想。
主谓一致在句子构造中起到桥梁的作用,让读者或听者更加准确地理解句子的含义。
本文将介绍主谓一致的三个原则。
首先,主语与谓语在人称上要一致。
这是主谓一致的基本原则之一、人称主要包括第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
当主语是第一人称(如“I”)时,谓语也应该是第一人称(如“am”)。
当主语是第二人称(如“You”)时,谓语也应该是第二人称(如“are”)。
同样,当主语是第三人称(如“He”、“She”、“It”)时,谓语也应该是第三人称(如“is”、“does”)。
其次,主语与谓语在数上要一致。
这是主谓一致的第二个原则。
数主要指单数和复数。
当主语是单数形式(如“car”)时,谓语应该是单数形式(如“is”)。
当主语是复数形式(如“cars”)时,谓语应该是复数形式(如“are”)。
主语与谓语在数上的一致能够使句子更加清晰,避免语法错误。
最后,主语与谓语在时态上要一致。
这是主谓一致的第三个原则。
时态主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
当主语处于一般现在时态(如“I drink”)时,谓语也处于一般现在时态(如“coffee”)。
当主语处于一般过去时态(如“John played”)时,谓语也处于一般过去时态(如“basketball”)。
主语与谓语在时态上的一致能够使句子更加流畅,使读者或听者能够更好地理解句子的意思。
总之,主谓一致是语法中的重要原则之一,它主要包括主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上的一致。
通过遵循主谓一致的原则,可以使句子结构更加完整,逻辑性更强,准确地传递思想。
只有通过正确运用主谓一致原则,才能使句子更加准确地表达意思,避免语法错误。
理解和掌握主谓一致的三个原则,对于提高写作能力和语法水平具有重要意义。
主谓一致“三原则”英语句子中的谓语动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致,而在实际运用中又有一些具体情况,概括起来,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则:一、语法一致原则1. 如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式。
如:The number of students in our school is rising.我们学校的学生人数在上升。
2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Each of them has been to Beijing.他们每个人都去过北京。
Neither of them likes the film.他们两个谁也不喜欢那部电影。
3. 主语的数不受后面修饰它的短语的影响。
如:Tom together with his parents has visited the Great Wall.汤姆和他父母一起游览过长城。
二、意义一致原则1. 有的主语看似复数形式但表示的是单数意义,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:The news is exciting. 这是个令人振奋的消息。
The United States is in North America.美国位于北美洲。
Two years is really a very long time.两年的确是个很长的时间。
2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代词用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要根据具体情况来确定。
如:What you said is very important. 你所说的话很重要。
Which are their chairs? 哪些是他们的椅子?3. 表示抽象概念的动词不定式和v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
第十六章主谓一致主谓一致(concord),是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多,如I am,Y ou are,He is,We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式,这就叫“主谓一致”。
一、主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则(principle of grammatical concord)、意义一致原则(principle of notional concord)和就近原则(principle of proximity)。
A.语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
B.意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
1. 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多数小学老师都是女的。
2. 主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
C.就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。
英语主谓一致的三个原则英语中的主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称(第一人称、第二人称和第三人称)、数(单数和复数)和人称(第一人称、第二人称和第三人称)方面要保持一致。
下面是主谓一致的三个原则:1.第一人称主语与谓语动词保持一致:当主语是第一人称,即指说话人自己时,谓语动词要用第一人称的形式,即单数一致。
例如:- I am going to the store.(我要去商店。
)- We are going to the store.(我们要去商店。
)2.以及第二人称主语与谓语动词保持一致:当主语是第二人称,即指与说话人进行交流的人时,谓语动词要用第二人称的形式,即单数或复数一致。
例如:- You are my best friend.(你是我最好的朋友。
)- You all are my best friends.(你们都是我最好的朋友。
)3.并且第三人称主语与谓语动词保持一致:当主语是第三人称,即指除了说话人和听话人之外的其他人或物时,谓语动词要用第三人称的形式,根据主语的单复数来确定。
例如:- He is going to the store.(他要去商店。
)- They are going to the store.(他们要去商店。
)需要注意的是,存在一些特殊情况需要特别注意:- 当主语由连接词"and"连接时,如果主语是两个单数名词,则谓语动词要用复数形式;如果主语是一个单数名词和一个复数名词,则谓语动词要与靠近它的名词保持一致。
例如:- Tom and Jerry are playing soccer.(汤姆和杰瑞正在踢足球。
)- The cat and the dogs are eating.(猫和狗正在吃饭。
)- 当主语是由 either...or 或 neither...nor 连接时,谓语动词要与靠近它的名词保持一致。
例如:- Neither John nor his friends are going to the party.(约翰和他的朋友们都不去参加派对。
主谓一致一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则:主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
2.意义一致:主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致:谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、主谓一致常考题型1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数,复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。
2. many a+单数名词作主语,许多,谓语用单数形式。
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than a/one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4.表示时间,距离,金钱,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
主谓一致三个原则主谓一致是英文语法中的一个基本原则,用来表达主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致。
在句子中,主语和谓语通常要保持一致,即如果主语是单数,则谓语也必须是单数,如果主语是复数,则谓语也必须是复数。
主谓一致原则既简洁明了,也能使语言更加准确和易于理解。
下面将介绍三个主谓一致的原则。
第一个主谓一致的原则是,当主语是由and连接的两个或更多的部分时,谓语动词应该是复数形式。
例如:"John and Mary are going to the party." (约翰和玛丽要去参加派对。
)这里,主语是"John and Mary",两个人一起去派对,所以谓语动词"are"是复数形式。
然而,当and连接的两个或更多的部分指的是同一个人或物时,谓语动词应该是单数形式。
例如:"Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast." (面包和黄油是我最喜欢的早餐。
)这里,主语是"bread and butter",指的是一种食物,所以谓语动词"is"是单数形式。
第二个主谓一致的原则是,当主语是由or或nor连接的两个或更多的部分时,谓语动词的形式取决于离谓语动词更近的部分。
例如:"Neither John nor Mary is going to the party." (既不约翰也不玛丽要去参加派对。
)这里,离谓语动词"going"更近的部分是"Mary",所以谓语动词"is"是单数形式。
然而,如果离谓语动词更近的部分是复数形式,则谓语动词应该是复数形式。
例如:"Neither the boys nor the girl were interested in the game." (既不男孩也不女孩对这个游戏感兴趣。
主谓一致的三个原则
主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语在人称(如第一人称、第二人称、
第三人称)、数(单数、复数)和形式(肯定句、否定句)上保持一致。
以下是主谓一致的三个原则:
原则一:一致性原则
根据一致性原则,当主语是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式;当主语
是复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例句:
- The cat chases mice every day.(猫每天都追逐老鼠。
)
- The cats chase mice every day.(猫们每天都追逐老鼠。
)
原则二:就近一致原则
根据就近一致原则,当主语有两个或更多个,并且用连词连接起来时,谓语动词的数应与最接近谓语动词的主语保持一致。
例句:
- Jack and Jill go to school together.(杰克和吉尔一起上学。
)- Jack or his friends go to the party.(杰克或者他的朋友们去
参加派对。
)
原则三:无谓语从句的一致原则
当谓语动词是主句的一部分时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致,而不是与从句中的主语保持一致。
例句:
- The fact that he is late does not surprise me.(他迟到这个事实并不让我惊讶。
)
以上就是主谓一致的三个原则。
遵循这些原则可以使句子更准确、易于理解,并且使语法结构更正确。
主谓一致是英语语法中非常重要的一个概念,合理使用可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的意思。
以教促考不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数形式;当两个名词指相同的人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:My best friend Linda and I both love acting and singing.我最好的朋友琳达和我都喜欢表演和唱歌。
The writer and teacher has been invited to make a speech about how to improve our study.这位作家兼老师应邀就如何提高我们的学习水平做了演讲。
当主语为集合名词时,如family,class,team,group,当这些集体名词指整体概念的时候,谓语动词用单数形式;当这些集体名词指具体成员的时候,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Our family has collected so many things over the years.我们家多年来收集了很多东西。
It’s9:00a.m.and Zhu Hui’s family are at home.现在是上午9点,朱辉的家人都在家里。
2.就近一致原则就近一致原则,就是谓语动词的数和靠近它的名词或代词在人称、数上保持一致。
具体如下:第一,由either...or...,neither...nor...和not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词和距离较近的主语在数上保持一致。
例如:Not only the students but also the teacher is coming to my birthday party.不仅学生,老师也将来参加我的生日聚会。
第二,There be...和Here be...这两个句式中,be动词常与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
例如:There are two trees and a garden in my grandmother’s yard.我奶奶的院子里有两棵树和一个花园。
主谓一致三原则作者:刘平来源:《新高考·高一英语》2012年第05期主谓一致是高中阶段英语语法学习的重点之一。
学生在平时的学习过程中,尤其是在写作时,会忽视主谓一致的原则。
为更好地掌握主谓一致的使用原则,现将主要知识要点归纳如下:主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致,通常遵循以下三个原则:1. 语法一致原则,即主语是单数,谓语也要用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式。
2. 意义一致原则,即主语形式为单数,但意义是复数,谓语动词用复数;主语形式为复数,但意义为单数,谓语动词用单数。
3. 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的主语来决定。
一、语法一致原则1. 动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。
what引导的主语从句,如果表语是复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实What he said is right. 他说的是对的。
What we need are more books. 我们需要的是更多的书。
2. 在定语从句中,关系代词that, which, who等作主语时,谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。
例如:I, who am your close friend, will help you. 我是你的好朋友,我会帮你的。
Those who want to go to the cinema puts up your hands. 想去电影院的人请举手。
Anyone who wants to go to the cinema puts up your hands. 谁想去电影院谁举手。
one of +复数名词+who/that/which”结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词,所以从句中谓语动词用复数形式。
但当one之前有the或the only 修饰时,关系代词的先行词是the one或the only one,因此从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。
名词的主谓一致规则
名词的主谓一致规则主要涉及三方面原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则:主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式。
意义一致原则:谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。
例如,某些集体名词如team、family等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
就近一致原则:当连词or、not...but...、either ...or ...、neither ...nor ...、not only ...but (also) ...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式一般与最靠近的词语保持一致。
此外,还有一些特殊情况需要注意:
代词each以及由every、some、no、any等构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语需用单数。
但each若放在主语后作同位语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
many a或more than one所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
并列结构作主语时,需要根据并列项的实际情况选择适当的谓语动词形式。
以上规则需根据实际情况灵活运用,以确保主谓一致。
Agreement between subject and verb主谓一致主要有以下三个原则:1、语法一致原则(5种情况)2、意义一致原则(10种情况)3、就近原则语法一致原则1.and连接不同的人或事时作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果连接的名词指的就是同一人或物, 或同一概念时, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance、The knife and fork ____on the table、2、不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important、Collecting stamps is his hobby、3、定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时,要与先行词的人称与数保持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us、Tom, who is your friend, should help you、I, who am a teacher, lack humor、4、with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词与主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。
例如:The teacher together with his students, is planting trees in the street、5、many a, more than one与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。
Many a boy has seen it、More than one student is required to redo the homework、意义一致原则1、不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples ____rotten、All of the apple ____rotten、2、the rest of; half of; part of; the majority of等以及分数、百分比在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Half of the students _____finished their composition、Half of the water ____(pollute)、3、集合名词作主语,强调整体谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。
这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, audience, team, government, group。
His family ____already________(move)to France、His family ____all music lovers、4、某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上就是单数, 但意义上就是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。
people指“民族”时就是例外。
The police__________ searching for a thief、The cattle____________eating grass on the hill、5、不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数,如someone ,somebody, something, anybody…等Someone is asking for you、6、某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses,pants, shorts等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
Here _____ a new pair of shoes for you、7.某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等,谓语动词应用单数。
Physics is a very interesting subject、8、以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of new books are on the desk、The number of students in you class is 50、9、单复数同形的名词, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
Not every means is useful、。
Not all means are useful、10、如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等就近原则either 、、、or; neither 、、、nor; not only 、、、but also, whether、、、or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要与就近的主语保持一致。
应该注意的几个问题:1、在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
例如:Between the two windows ________(hang)a picture、2、a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词单复数瞧后面的名词。
A large quantity of people __________needed here、quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Quantities of food (nuts)___________ on the table、3、表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但就是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:One and a half bananas is left on the table、4、书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years is not a long time、Roots is a famous American novel5、every、、、and every 、、、; each 、、、and each 、、、; no 、、、and no 、、、在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Each man and each woman is asked to attend、No sound and no voice is heard、请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1、Three years _______ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_______ (be) really a long time、2、_______ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?3、My family _______ (be) the largest one in our village、Besides, my family ______ (be) all party members、4、The whole class ________ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively、5、The news ______ (be) very exciting、6、To learn one or two foreign languages _______ (be) very important nowadays、7、The last and most difficult lesson _______ (be) Lesson 14、8、I, who _______ your friend, will try my best to help you、9、The scientist and engineer _______ (have) invented a new machine、10、Alice,together with her friends,_______ (be) punished for having broken the school rules、11、Every girl and every boy _______ (have) the right to join the club、12、—_______ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?—Neither she nor I________(be)、13、Ancient and modern history _____ (be) the subjects we are studying、14、Many a scientist _______ (have) devoted their lives to science、15、The old _______ (be) respected in our country、选择题:1.One or two days ____ enough to see the city.A.isB.are C、am D.be 2.Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.A.isB.areC.amD.be3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.A.isB.are C、am D.have4.Not the teacher,but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film.A.isB.are C、am D.be5.Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday.A.wasB.wereC.has beenD.have been6.A woman with some children ____ soon.A.is comingB.are comingC.has comeD.have come7.No one except my parents ____ anything about this。