Agreement between subject and verb
主谓一致主要有以下三个原则:
1、语法一致原则(5种情况)
2、意义一致原则(10种情况)
3、就近原则
语法一致原则
1.and连接不同的人或事时作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果连接的名词指的就是同一人或物, 或同一概念时, 谓语要用单数。The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance、
The knife and fork ____on the table、
2、不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important、Collecting stamps is his hobby、
3、定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时,要与先行词的人称与数保持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us、
Tom, who is your friend, should help you、
I, who am a teacher, lack humor、
4、with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词与主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如:The teacher together with his students, is planting trees in the street、
5、many a, more than one与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。Many a boy has seen it、
More than one student is required to redo the homework、
意义一致原则
1、不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples ____rotten、All of the apple ____rotten、
2、the rest of; half of; part of; the majority of等以及分数、百分比在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Half of the students _____finished their composition、
Half of the water ____(pollute)、
3、集合名词作主语,强调整体谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, audience, team, government, group。
His family ____already________(move)to France、His family ____all music lovers、4、某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上就是
单数, 但意义上就是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。
people指“民族”时就是例外。
The police__________ searching for a thief、
The cattle____________eating grass on the hill、5、不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数,如someone ,somebody, something, anybody…等Someone is asking for you、
6、某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses,
pants, shorts等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
Here _____ a new pair of shoes for you、
7．某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等,谓语动词应用单数。
Physics is a very interesting subject、
8、以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of new books are on the desk、
The number of students in you class is 50、
9、单复数同形的名词, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
Not every means is useful、。Not all means are useful、
10、如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等
就近原则
either 、、、or; neither 、、、nor; not only 、、、but also, whether、、、or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要与就近的主语保持一致。
应该注意的几个问题:
1、在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows ________(hang)a picture、
2、a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词单复数瞧后面的名词。
A large quantity of people __________needed here、quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Quantities of food (nuts)___________ on the table、3、表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但就是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形
