ROOM-AND-PILLAR METHOD OF OPEN-STOPE MINING
空场采矿法中的房柱采矿法
Chapter 1.A Classification of the Room-and-Pillar Method of Open-Stope Mining
第一部分，空场采矿的房柱法的分类
OPEN STOPING
空场采矿法
An open stope is an underground cavity from which the initial ore has been mined. Caving of the opening is prevented (at least temporarily) by support from the unmined ore or waste left in the stope,in the form of pillars,and the stope walls (also called ribs or abutments). In addition to this primary may also be required using rockbolts , reinforcing rods, split pipes ,or shotcrete to stabilize the rock surface immediately adjacent to the opening. The secondary reinforcement procedure does not preclude the method classified as open stoping.
露天采场台阶是开采了地下矿石后形成的地下洞室。通过块矿或采场的支柱和（也称为肋或肩）采场墙形式的废料的支持来（至少是暂时的）预防放顶煤的开幕。除了这个，可能还需要使用锚杆，钢筋棒，分流管，或喷浆，以稳定紧邻开幕的岩石表面。二次加固过程不排除归类为开放式回采方法。
There are many forms of open-stope mining used to extract the initial material from mine .Having once established that the mineral and waste rock are competent enough to use an open-stoping method ,and assuming that the reserve is not classified as gassy, the form which the method will take is primarily determined by the dip and thickness of the reserve .How these two factors affect the selection of the open-stope mining is discussed in a later chapter . At this point it will suffice to say that the classification of the open-stope mining system which follows is based on whether dry , broken material flows by gravity or whether it must be moved by non gravity methods where energy must be supplied to move the material.
这里有许多空场采矿法用于才出地下的矿石。一旦确立，矿物和废石足以胜任使用开放式回采方法，并假设储备不归类为高瓦斯，该方法将采取的形式主要取决于浸和储备的厚度。在后面一章，将讨论了这两个因素如何影响采场采矿法的选择。在这一点上就足以说的露天采场采矿系统的分类，根据是否干燥，破碎的物料通过重力或是否流动，它必须由非重力能源必须提供移动材料的方法提出。
Room-and Pillar-Mining
房柱采矿法
Room-and-pillar mining is an open-stoping method where mining progresses in a nearly horizontal or low angle direction by opening multiple stopes or rooms, leaving solid material to act as pillars to support the vertical load. Since the direction of excavation ( angle of dip ) is below that which would cause the dry material to flow by gravity to a draw point or gathering point, the material must be loaded in the room where it was extracted and transported to a point where it will flow, either by gravity or mechanical means, to a central gathering point to be taken out of the mine. This is an important aspect of room-and-pillar mining which differentiates the system from other open-stope mining methods which rely heavily upon gravity to transport ore from where it was broken to a lower elevation, usually through a draw point .There are many variations of the method which go by a names in local districts: breast stoping , breast-and-bench stoping, board-and-pillar, stall-and-pillar, and panel-and-pillar are all basically open-stope room-and-pillar mining.
房柱采矿是空场采矿法挖掘凡进步近水平或低角度方向通过打开多个采场或房间，离开固体材料采取行动，以支持垂直负载的支柱。自开挖方向（倾角）以下，这会导致干料流重力平局点或聚会点，矿石必须先储存在矿房，在那里通过重力或机械手段被提取并运送到矿井旁的储矿仓，然后要向提升井运输。这是一个房柱采矿法区分从其它空场采矿方法一个依据，依靠重力运输矿石到海拔较低的水平，通常这是绘制点制度的一个重要方面。空场采矿法有许多形式，如全面采矿法，留矿采矿法，分段采矿法，阶段矿房法等都是空场采矿法的一种形式。In some instances detailed stope planning is almost nonexistent ;I .e., the operator simple follows the visual pay values , leaves pillars only where necessary ,and tries to locate them in the zones of lower value . This method of mining is as old as the beginning of underground mining itself ,dating back thousands of years .Early in the history of mining in this country ,the term ”gophering”was used to describe this method (peele,1941). The term is appropriate , for it brings to mind the exact results of this type of system-a random and irregular room-and-pillar mine.
详细的采场的规划，在某些情况下几乎是不存在的，在实际操作中一般按如下要求如下，只有在必要时保留支柱，并试图找到矿石品味较低的区域作为矿柱。这种地下采矿方法本身就是很古老的，可以追溯到几千年。早在这个国家的采矿历史上，术语“gophering”被用来描述这种采矿方法（peele，1941）。这一词是恰
