新版人教新课标高中英语必修四：unit3GRAMMAR教案
【语境展示】
1. The three words are pronounced in the same way.
2. They were given a warm send-off at the airport.
3. The matter will be looked into in the future.
4. I didn’t expect that I would be asked to speak.
5. The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
6. A new supersonic aircraft was being designed.
7. They have been warned not to swim there.
8. He told me that the factory had been closed down.
【归纳】
语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系.。英语的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态.。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.。被动语态常用于以下几种情况：
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁.。如：
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
2. 不必提到动作的执行者.。如：
Such things are not done twice.
3. 强调或侧重动作的承受者.。如：
The girl is liked by everybody.
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本形式是“be + V-ed 形式”.。通过改变be 的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态.。
二、各个时态的被动语态的构成
1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am / is / are + V-ed 形式(如例句1)
2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + V-ed 形式(如例句2)
3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will + be + V-ed 形式(如例句3)
4. 一般过去将来时的被动语态：would + be + V-ed形式(如例句4)
5. 现在进行时的被动语态：am / is / are + being +V-ed形式(如例句5)
6. 过去进行时的被动语态：was / were + being +V-ed形式(如例句6)
7. 现在完成时的被动语态：has / have + been +V-ed形式(如例句7)
8. 过去完成时的被动语态：had + been + V-ed 形式(如例句8)
其他时态或没有被动语态，或极少用被动语态.。
三、一些特殊结构的被动形式
1. 双宾动词的被动结构.。有些双宾动词（如give，lend，offer，send，show，tell 等）可用于被动结构，在多数情况下都把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来.。有时也可把直接宾语变为主语，把间接宾语改为to 引导的短语.。如：
I was given a gift on my birthday.
A gift was given to me on my birthday.
2.“be + V-ed形式+ 动词不定式”结构.。如：
She is reported to have broken a world record.
3.“情态动词+ be + V-ed形式”结构.。如：
This can’t be done in a short time.
4.“get + V-ed形式”结构.。如：
Hundreds of people get killed every year by traffic on the roads.
5.“it + be + V-ed 形式+ that 引导的从句”结构.。
常用于此类结构的动词有believe，know，prove，report，say，suppose 等.。如：
It is reported that he was driving carelessly.
四、在用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
1. 在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于by 之后.。但在不必指出动作发出者是谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作发出者.。如：
The match had to be put off because of bad weather.
2. 一些感官动词（如feel，hear，look，notice，see，watch 等）及使役动词（如make，let，have 等）在主动语态中一般跟不带to 的动词不定式，但在被动语态中to不可省去.。如：
We often hear him play the guitar. → He is often heard to play the guitar.
3. 有些动词可用主动结构来表达被动意义，这类句子的主语通常是指
物的，具有某些内在的特征，能够促使动词所表示的动作得以实现
或难以实现.。如：
My voice doesn’t carry well.
This box doesn’t close properly.
This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.
【即学即用】用所给动词的适当形式补全下列句子.。
1. It’s said that the long bridge _____ (build) in two months.
2. As far as I know, the injured workers _____ (treat) at a local hospital now.
3. Many trees and flowers _____ (plant) in our school last year.
4. Sorry to bother you, but you _____ (want) on the phone by a man named Smith.
5. The chairman said that he _____ (invite) to visit America before long.
6. The window which _____ (break) for a week was repaired yesterday.
7. The man turned round from time to time to see if he _____ (follow).
8. The meeting of the old classmates _____ (plan) since the new year.__
Key:
1. will be built
2. are being treated
3. were planted
4. are wanted
