《新托福》课程教学大纲

托福强化段口语教学大纲1.教学目标：1）整体上，学生能够了解托福口语6大任务的基本应对方法，能够万能理由的帮助下，流利的、思路清晰、细节丰富的表达，力争达到4分标准。

2) 对于独立口语，能够掌握经典9大万能理由，并且能够灵活运用进行不同题目的作答。

3) 对于综合口语，要能够掌握阅读、听力的要点提取技巧，并且在模板的帮助下，流利的、思路清晰、细节丰富的表达。

2.本阶段教学侧重点：1）对于tasks1-2，着重引导学生积累最常见的万能理由，并且活学活用；同时，也要加强学生展开主题能力，即要能提供足够的细节或者例子来展开自己的话题。

2）对于综合口语，加强学生阅读、听力要点完整度的练习，力争保证口头表达过程中流畅度、细节丰富度。

3.课时安排：8次课，16课时4.教材：《新托福口语真经4》；TPO 21-34，TPO 40-485.分课时教学大纲模板:分课时教学大纲-lecture 1主题万能理由攻克独立口语之task1教学目标1.学生能够了解：托福口语概括以及评分标准；2.学生能够掌握独立口语的答题框架Tred结构；3.学生能够积累并且熟练运用5大高频万能理由；4.学生能够掌握展开话题的基本方法。

“三点”重点1.5大高频万能理由的积累与灵活运用；2.让学生掌握话题展开的基本方法。

难点1. 5大万能理由的积累与实际应用；2. 学生无法有效的提供细节或者例子来展开自己的话题。

亮点1.五大万能理由的积累，此过程中会有学生的小组练习；2.使用同一万能理由进行不同题目的串联练习，即用同一个万能理由去回答尽可能多的问题，能够帮助学生收获成就感。

教学内容导入Break the ice，要力争达到以下目的：1.学生认识老师；2.老师认识学生；3.学生相互认识5分钟课程主体Part 1 托福口语简介。

只需简要介绍托福口语考试的6个task和基本流程，无需深入说明具体的解题方法，参考《真经4》P3-8，提醒学生相关的注意事项。

托福写作课程大纲1.Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.不同意人类对于农田、房屋和工业的需要要比保护濒危动物重要（1）如果不保护濒危动物，那么会对环境造成巨大的破坏（2）濒危动物endangered animals的消失，会为动物学和生物学带来巨大的损失（3）再说明人类对于农田、房屋和工业的需要也非常重要，但是保护濒危动物也是必要的。

2.What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.计算机技能是最重要的（1）计算机是工作中必须的。

不会计算机软件的话，无法进行工作和学习（2）计算机已经成为人们互相交流的重要方面，如电子邮件等等。

（3）计算机技能能够大量的节省时间。

一个成功的人必须把精力抽出来放在最重要的事情上3. Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.人们喜欢危险运动的原因在于：（1）现在的生活压力很大，生活枯燥，危险运动能够放松自己，给自己一些刺激 stimulus（2）危险运动能够带来巨大的金钱收益（3）危险运动能够展示自己4. Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.更喜欢和同伴旅行：（1）和同伴旅行，能够互相照顾look after each other，比较安全（2）和同伴旅行，成本会比较低（3）和同伴旅行，能够更好的观赏旅游景点5. Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the day's work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.我更喜欢早上起的早些（1）早起对身体是比较好，（2）早起能够提高效率，利用时间（3）早点起，进行工作是公司所愿意看到的，因为很多业务都是在早上进行。

新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。

新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。

2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。

只得先听，后读，再选。

考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。

⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。

⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。

每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。

（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。

对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。

对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。

形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。

新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。

因祸得福，既然要记笔记，语速自然放慢；特别是重听题，大概有2-3题，通常问Listen again and then answer the question “why does the professor say this？”4.新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上，使考生心里踏实不少。

《托福TOEFL考试辅导》课程考核大纲【考核目的】考核目的在于了解学生对托福考试的形式、要求、难度等方面掌握的情况，提高使用语言的实际能力，从中找到不足和短板，成为实战考试的模拟。

【考核范围】考核范围包括听力、口语、阅读和写作四个方面。

【考核方法】《托福TOEFL考试辅导》课程包括形成性考核和终结性考核两部分。

形成性考核成绩占总成绩的40%，包括学生出勤情况（10%）、课堂学习态度及回答问题情况（15%）、课后作业完成情况（15%）。

终结性考核成绩占总成绩的60%。

【期末考核形式】笔试；闭卷【期末考核对试题的要求】主、客观试题的比例：主观性试题占50%，客观性试题占50%。

题型比例：阅读（25%），听力（25%），口语（25%），写作（25%）。

难度等级：分为较易、中等、较难三个等级，大致比例是20：60：20。

【期末考核的具体内容】第一部分托福听力知识点：1.捕捉具体信息2. 识别细节3. 领会主旨大意4. 理解隐含意义5. 抓住信号词6.注意重读、节奏和语调考核目标：1.了解：基本题型2.理解：熟悉解题思路和方法3.掌握：场景词汇及功能句型4.运用：熟练应对托福听力考试第二部分托福口语知识点：1.强化语言流利程度2.针对话题主动参与和扩展3.阐释主旨陈述理由（主要针对第三部分）考核目标：1.了解：基本题型2.理解：熟悉解题思路和方法3. 掌握：场景词汇及功能句型4. 运用：熟练应对托福口语考试第三部分托福阅读知识点：1. 快速查找具体信息2. 识别主旨和支撑论点3. 提高整体阅读技巧4. 概括归纳总结5. 理解各方论点6. 领悟作者观点、态度考核目标：1. 了解：基本题型2. 理解：熟悉解题思路和方法3. 掌握：场景词汇及功能句型4. 运用：熟练应对托福阅读考试第四部分托福写作知识点：1. 搭建文章结构2. 阐释主旨和分论点3. 展开具体论述考核目标：1. 了解：基本题型2. 理解：熟悉解题思路和方法3. 掌握：场景词汇及功能句型4. 运用：熟练应对托福写作考试【样题】Part I. Reading (20 minutes) （25分）Directions: The reading section measures your ability to read and understand passages in English. You will read three passages and answer questions about them.Air BagAn air bag is an inflatable cushion designed to protect automobile occupants from serious injury in the case of a collision. The air bag is part of an inflatable restraint system, also known as an air cushion restraint system (ACRS) or an air bag supplemental restraint system (SRS), because the air bag is designed to supplement the protection offered by seat belts. Seat belts are still needed to hold the occupant securely in place, especially in side impacts, rear impacts, and rollovers. Upon detecting a collision, air bags inflate instantly to cushion the exposed occupant with a big gas-filled pillow.A typical air bag system consists of an air bag module, crash sensors, a diagnostic monitoringunit, a steering wheel connecting coil, and an indicator lamp. These components are allinterconnected by a writing harness and powered by the vehicle‘s batSince components vital to the system‘s operation might sit dormant for years, the air bag circuitry performs an internal ―self-test‖ during each startup, usually indicated by a light on the instrument1.According to the passage, an air bag is _________________.A. a restraint system to supplement the protection offered by a seat belt.B.more effective than a seat belt in preventing most injuries.C.designed to detect and prevent a collisionD.inflatable and can hold the occupant in place the moment it detects a collision2.According to the passage, a reserve charge is necessary when ___________.A.the power is turned offB.the backup power has run outC.the battery needs to be connected againD.the power needs to be reserved for future use3.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to thepassage. Depending on the model, the backup power supply lasts between one second and ten minutes. Circle the square that indicates the best place to add the sentence.Part II. Listening (20 minutes) （25分）Directions: This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English. You will listen to 1 conversation and 2 lectures.Question 1 through 3Listen to a conversation between a student and a lecturer.1. Which course did the student choose?A. International PoliticsB. International EconomyC. AnthropologyD. International Policies2. How long does the tutorial paper have to be?A. Around 1,000 wordsB. Around 1,200 wordsC. Around 1,500 wordsD. Around 5,000 words3. What does the lecturer say about the exam?A.Reference books are allowed during the exam.puter is allowed during the exam.C.The exam takes place by the end of the term.Part III. Speaking (20 minutes) (25分）Directions: In this section of the test, you will be able to demonstrate your ability to speak about a variety of topics. You will answer six questions. Answer each of the questions as completely as possible.Questions 1 through 3Question 1 Read the question. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of a response. Then respond to the question.What is your favorite English novel? Use reasons and details to support your response. Question 2 Read the question. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of a response. Then respond to the question.Do you prefer to write emails or talk to somebody face to face when it comes to important issues？Use reasons and details to support your response.Question 3 Listen to the passage. On a piece of paper, take notes on the main points of the listening passage. Now answer the following question.How will the man help the woman with her assignment in the geology class?Part IV. Writing (30 minutes)（25分）Directions: The writing section measures your ability to use writing to communicate in an academic environment.What do you think are the impacts of the internet on education? Give reasons and examples to support your response.。

托福课程培训计划1. IntroductionThe TOEFL, or Test of English as a Foreign Language, is a standardized test designed to assess the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers. It is accepted by over 10,000 institutions in over 150 countries, and is a requirement for many academic and professional programs. Given its importance, it is imperative for non-native English speakers to prepare thoroughly for the TOEFL exam in order to achieve a high score.This proposal outlines a comprehensive TOEFL training course that aims to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in the exam. The course will cover all four sections of the TOEFL – Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing – and will be tailored to the specific needs and abilities of the students. By the end of the course, students should have a thorough understanding of the test format, strategies for each section, and ample practice to perform well on the exam.2. Course Objectives- Familiarize students with the format and structure of the TOEFL exam- Enhance students’ reading comprehension and listening skills- Improve students’ speaking and writing abilities in English- Provide strategies and tips for each section of the TOEFL exam- Offer ample practice materials and mock tests to gauge students’ progress- Boost students’ confidence and motivation to excel in the exam3. Course OutlineThe TOEFL training course will cover the following areas:3.1 Test Format and Structure- Introduction to the TOEFL exam- Understanding the format and structure of the exam- Overview of each section (Reading, Listening, Speaking, Writing)- Scoring criteria and grading system3.2 Reading Skills- Reading and answering comprehension questions- Identifying main ideas, supporting details, and inferences- Strategies for skimming and scanning- Analyzing and synthesizing information from different sources3.3 Listening Skills- Listening to and understanding lectures and conversations- Identifying main ideas, supporting details, and inferences- Note-taking techniques- Strategies for predicting and summarizing information3.4 Speaking Skills- Oral fluency and pronunciation- Formulating responses to speaking prompts- Strategies for organizing and delivering coherent and well-developed speeches - Practice in speaking on a wide range of topics3.5 Writing Skills- Writing essays, including integrated and independent tasks- Formulating clear and coherent arguments- Incorporating relevant examples and supporting details- Strategies for time management and essay planning3.6 Test Strategies and Tips- Time management techniques- Elimination strategies for multiple-choice questions- Guessing strategies for unknown vocabulary- Tips for maintaining focus and concentration during the exam3.7 Practice and Review- Practice tests for each section of the TOEFL exam- In-class activities and exercises to reinforce skills- Peer review and feedback on speaking and writing tasks- Review of common mistakes and areas for improvement3.8 Mock Tests and Assessments- Full-length mock tests to simulate the actual TOEFL exam- Detailed feedback and analysis of students’ performance- Individualized study plans based on mock test results- Continuous monitoring of students’ progress and areas for improvement4. Course DeliveryThe TOEFL training course will be delivered through a combination of lectures, interactive activities, group discussions, and practice sessions. The course will be conducted in a classroom setting, with a maximum of 20 students per class to ensure personalized attention and feedback. The course will be delivered by experienced instructors who are familiar with the TOEFL exam and are proficient in English language instruction.The course will run for a total of 12 weeks, with 2-hour sessions held three times a week. Additionally, students will be encouraged to complete homework assignments and practice tests outside of class.5. Course MaterialsThe TOEFL training course will make use of a variety of materials, including:- Official TOEFL practice tests and materials- Textbooks and workbooks specifically designed for TOEFL preparation- Authentic reading and listening materials from academic and professional sources- Sample speaking and writing prompts with scoring rubrics- Multimedia resources for listening comprehension and speaking practice6. Evaluation and FeedbackStudents’ progress will be continuously monitored throughout the course. In addition to mock tests and assessments, instructors will provide regular feedbac k on students’ performance in class activities and homework assignments. Students will also have the opportunity to seek individualized guidance and support if they are struggling with specific skills or sections of the exam.7. ConclusionIn conclusion, the TOEFL training course proposed in this document provides a comprehensive and rigorous preparation for the TOEFL exam. By covering all four sectionsof the exam and providing ample practice and strategies, the course will equip students with the skills and confidence to achieve a high score on the TOEFL exam. It is our belief that through this course, students will be well-prepared to pursue their academic and professional aspirations in English-speaking environments. Thank you for considering this proposal.。

《新托福》课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：硕士英语( 新托福听说读写)课程英文名称：Insights to IBT TOEFL课程学分：3分课内学时：48学时课程类别：必修课程性质：学位课授课方式：讲授考核方式：口试、笔试、闭卷一、课程的性质、任务与基本要求（一）性质与任务《新托福》课程是研究生第一学期的一门必修课程。

此课程涵盖托福听力、托福口语、托福阅读和托福写作，对考试内容、提问方式、解题方法和考试技巧进行逐一的讲解和全面的介绍，并且提供模拟试题，以帮助学习对托福考试的形式、要求、难度等有一个全面的了解，提高使用英语的能力。

（二）基本要求本课程终结时，学生应达到如下要求：1、托福听力：托福听力考试的材料类型和题目形式，听具体信息活细节，听总体内容或大意，听暗示内容，听作者观点或态度，听总体结构和其标志词的技巧；2、托福口语：托福口语考试的题目形式，口语流利技巧，产生参与和扩大谈话的愿望，阐述个人感受，如何简答，话题深入讨论；3、托福阅读：托福阅读的材料内省和题目形式，快读/浏览获取具体信息，识别论点与论证，整体阅读段落大意，中心思想，意义重述，区分观点与事实的技巧；4、托福写作：托福学术写作的题目形式，审题、收集素材、构思、提出观点、让步、评价和反驳、定义与解释、主题句与论证、前后一致、难句写作等。

二、主要教学内容及教学要求THE LISTENING MODULEUnit 1 Introduction主要教学内容1、General information2、Listening Test Format3、Questions Type教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，熟悉托福听力的基本构成与题目类型。

Unit 2 Listening Strategies and Skills主要教学内容1、Listening for specific information2、Identifying detail3、Identifying main ideas4、Seeing beyond the surface meaning5、Following signpost words6、Being aware of stress, rhythm and intonation教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，能够掌握听力基本技能并提高英语的运用技能。

---课程名称：托福写作与口语技巧提升授课对象：高中生及大学生，托福考生课程目标：1. 提升学生的托福写作和口语能力，使其能够达到托福考试的要求。

2. 培养学生批判性思维和逻辑表达能力。

3. 提高学生对托福考试流程和题型的熟悉度。

课时安排： 2课时---第一课时：托福写作技巧一、导入（5分钟）1. 以一个与写作相关的热点话题引入，激发学生兴趣。

2. 简要介绍托福写作的评分标准和考试流程。

二、教学内容（45分钟）1. 写作概述：- 讲解托福写作的两种题型：综合写作和独立写作。

- 分析两种题型的特点和要求。

2. 综合写作技巧：- 讲解如何有效地总结阅读和听力材料。

- 演示如何结合阅读和听力材料进行写作。

- 提供综合写作范文，分析范文结构和写作技巧。

3. 独立写作技巧：- 讲解如何确定论点并支持论点。

- 演示如何组织文章结构和段落。

- 提供独立写作范文，分析范文结构和写作技巧。

三、课堂练习（30分钟）1. 学生根据所学技巧，进行综合写作和独立写作的练习。

2. 老师对学生的写作进行个别指导。

四、总结（5分钟）1. 总结本节课的重点内容。

2. 强调写作练习的重要性。

---第二课时：托福口语技巧一、导入（5分钟）1. 以一个与口语相关的热点话题引入，激发学生兴趣。

2. 简要介绍托福口语的评分标准和考试流程。

二、教学内容（45分钟）1. 口语概述：- 讲解托福口语的四种题型：独立口语、综合口语、口语任务1和口语任务2。

- 分析每种题型的特点和要求。

2. 独立口语技巧：- 讲解如何快速组织思路和语言。

- 演示如何回答独立口语题目。

- 提供独立口语范文，分析范文结构和回答技巧。

3. 综合口语技巧：- 讲解如何有效地总结阅读和听力材料。

- 演示如何结合阅读和听力材料进行口语表达。

- 提供综合口语范文，分析范文结构和回答技巧。

4. 口语任务1和口语任务2技巧：- 讲解如何快速理解题目要求。

- 演示如何回答口语任务1和口语任务2。

新托福强化听力讲义（1）说课材料Conversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的?optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课introduction, introductory, intro初级mid, medium level, intermediate中级advanced高级preliminary预备级seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼3 图书馆library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment sectioncheck out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先4 论文Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记Discourse MarkersIntroducingIn my talk todayMy topic today isToday, we are going to discuss ?T oday, I’ll go overThe purpose of my talk today isToday we are going to look atGiving background InformationIt is clearIt goes without sayingIt is understoodAs we knowAs we have all readDefiningX can be defined asX is known asX is a type ofX is actuallyJust what is meant byListingFirstFirst and foremostNextAnotherTo begin withSecondThe next point I’d like to coverfinallyShowing a connectionPertaining to in connection withClassifyingThere are X types/ categories/ varieties of ?X can be divided intoGiving examplesFor exampleFor instanceX is a case in pointTake X for instanceTake X, for exampleThe following are some common examples ?Let me give you some specific examples ?EmphasizingThe crucial pointI’d like to emphasizeWe should bear in mind that ?FundamentallyI want to stressFurthermoreWhat’s moreThis goes to show thatIn effectLeast we forgetIt is worth mentioning thatIt follows, thenClarifyingIn other wordsThat is to sayBasicallyIf we put it another wayi.e.What I mean to say isLet me put it anther way ?Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics ?NowAll rightOKLet’s now look at itNow, I’d like to turn toThe next point I’d like to focus on ?Moving onAll that asideIn this respectGiving further informationIn additionFurthermoreAnother pointMoreoverNot only…but alsoAlsoOn top of thatAs wellGiving contrast information AlthoughHoweverOn the other handWhereasDespiteneverthelessGiving an opinionAs far as I’m concernedIn my opinionIf it were up to meAccording toIf you ask meIn my mindSetting parametersIn terms of in the scope of ?Digressing By the wayBefore I forgetIncidentallyConcludingWe’ve seen thatIn conclusion, I’d like toIn shortTo sum upLet me end by sayingAny question?All in allCommonly Used ExpressionA point of contentionAfter all is said and doneAll the moreAnd so onA cross purposeAt the onsetBack and forthFoot the billGet a grasp ofGet the ball rollingSubject of disagreementAfter all debate is finishedEven moreEtceteraIn cont radiction to each other’s intent ?At the beginning Going and returningPay allTo understandstartGive rise toHardly the caseIn a fixIn a nutshellInstead ofIt’s all or nothingIt’s all very well and good ?Miss the pointNo matterOn the conditionOwing toPart and parcel ofCauseNot the situation at allIn a bad or difficult situation ?Here is the basic pointRather thanCompletely or not at allThere is nothing wrong with ?Not understandIt really isn’t importantIf/ depending onDue toA necessary and important element ?Poke holes inPractically speakingSlowly but surelyStem fromSupposing thatThat isn’t to sayThe upshot ofTurning pointWhen it comes down to itWith the aim ofWithout regard toWrap upUnder no circumstancesFind something wrong with ?Talking common senseDone carefully over time ?Come fromWhat ifIt doesn’t meanThe consequence or resultAn important point of change in direction or meaning ?The truth isHaving the goal ofIgnoringFinishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s ow n feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。

学习使人进步心之所向，所向披靡七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。

吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。

情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。

是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。

乃书于纸上。

毕而卧。

凄然入梦。

乙酉年七月初七。

-----啸之记。

新托福听力基础班讲义新托福及听力的基本情况托福基础听力的主要内容：⏹新托福听力的基本情况⏹美语语音⏹托福特色场景词汇扩展⏹托福听力基本应试技巧⏹北美校园生活透视新托听力基本形式⏹新答题方式：隔间+电脑+耳机+笔记⏹ 2.答题程序：听读选不可跳跃旧托福：先读，后听，再选。

新托：1.耳机中出现所问题声音，画面上出现题干和相关场景图片。

2.听完整篇文章之前无法预读任何问题或选项。

只得先听，后读，再选。

考题依然延续机考托福的规则，不可看，不可逆，不可改。

⏹ 3.考察题型增多：单选多选图表是非排序⏹ 4.语音形式：美音为主流+国际口音⏹新托福基础听力基本范围北美大学真实课堂，教室内外的各种交流包括对话和讲座两种类型。

⏹共6篇，做题时间60-90分钟。

每篇在600字左右，时间为3-5分钟。

（注：托福基础课的任务之一即适应托福段子的长度）instructors’ office hours⏹对话人物：教授与学生；⏹对话地点：教师办公室；⏹对话内容可为学术讨论或有关询问课程等问题。

对话(2)service encounters 后勤服务⏹对话人物：学生与工作人员；⏹对话地点：校园某办公室；⏹对话内容：非学术的询问。

对话(3) student interactions⏹对话人物：学生甲乙；⏹对话地点：教室以外相遇；⏹对话内容：学术讨论；非学术讨论托福听力考试基本内容之讲座LECTURE内容:天文、地理、生物、历史等等也都是托福惯用的测试内容。

形式：有的是教授”独白“有的是教授演讲中夹杂学生提问、教授提问。

新托福听力新特点l．整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话，没有过的的俚语俗语.举例：You bet. I am out of here.2. 允许考生记笔记。

《托福教案》word版一、教案概述本教案针对托福考试的四个部分：阅读、听力、口语和写作，提供系统的训练方法和实践练习。

通过本教案的学习，学生将提高在托福考试各部分的得分能力，为顺利进入国外高校打下坚实基础。

二、教学目标1. 提高学生的阅读速度和理解能力，使他们在托福阅读部分取得好成绩。

2. 增强学生的听力技巧，帮助他们更好地应对托福听力部分。

3. 培养学生的口语表达能力，使他们在托福口语部分展示出色的表现。

4. 提升学生的写作水平，让他们在托福写作部分得到更高的分数。

三、教学内容1. 阅读：本部分包括词汇训练、长文章阅读、快速阅读等，旨在提高学生的阅读速度、理解能力和词汇量。

2. 听力：本部分包括对话、讲座、语音识别等，旨在提高学生的听力技巧和理解能力。

3. 口语：本部分包括话题阐述、观点表达、即兴发言等，旨在培养学生的口语表达能力和思维能力。

4. 写作：本部分包括文章结构、论点阐述、语法运用等，旨在提升学生的写作水平和语言表达能力。

四、教学方法1. 阅读：采用词汇卡片、阅读练习、速度测试等方法进行训练。

2. 听力：采用听力材料、听力练习、模拟考试等方法进行训练。

3. 口语：采用口语练习、角色扮演、模拟考试等方法进行训练。

4. 写作：采用写作练习、文章修改、模拟考试等方法进行训练。

五、教学评价1. 定期进行托福模拟考试，评估学生在各部分的得分能力。

2. 针对学生的弱点进行个性化辅导，提高他们的整体水平。

3. 鼓励学生参与课堂讨论，评估他们的口语表达和思维能力。

4. 定期检查学生的写作作业，提升他们的写作水平。

六、教学资源1. 托福真题库：提供历年的托福考试真题，用于模拟练习和分析考试趋势。

2. 托福教材：选用权威的托福考试教材，如《托福考试指南》等，用于指导和补充教学。

3. 在线学习平台：利用在线学习平台，提供额外的学习资源、练习题和模拟考试。

4. 词汇卡片：制作词汇卡片，帮助学生记忆和复习重要词汇。

新托福听力学习计划Introduction:The TOEFL test is a widely recognized measure of English language proficiency for non-native speakers. One of the key components of the TOEFL test is the listening section, which evaluates your ability to understand spoken English in academic settings. To excel in this section, it's important to have a well-structured study plan that incorporates various listening activities and strategies. This article will outline a comprehensive TOEFL listening study plan to help you improve your listening skills and achieve a high score on the test.Week 1-2: Familiarize Yourself with the Test FormatDuring the first two weeks, it's important to familiarize yourself with the format of the TOEFL listening section. Spend time reviewing sample questions and listening to sample conversations and lectures. Pay attention to the types of questions that are asked, such as multiple-choice, summary completion, and matching. Familiarizing yourself with the test format will help you understand what to expect on test day and develop strategies for each question type.Week 3-4: Improve Your Listening SkillsTo improve your listening skills, it's essential to listen to a wide variety of English-language materials. This includes podcasts, TED talks, news broadcasts, and academic lectures. Focus on listening for key information, such as main ideas, supporting details, and connections between ideas. Practice taking notes while listening to improve your ability to capture important information. Additionally, try to listen to a variety of accents to prepare for the diverse range of speakers you may encounter on the test.Week 5-6: Practice with Official TOEFL MaterialsDuring the fifth and sixth week, start practicing with official TOEFL materials. Use the practice tests provided by ETS (the organization that administers the TOEFL) to simulate the test experience. Time yourself as you complete each listening section to get a sense of the pace at which you need to work. After taking each practice test, review your answers and identify any areas where you struggled. Focus on improving your performance in those areas through targeted practice.Week 7-8: Use Test-taking StrategiesIn the final two weeks before the test, focus on developing test-taking strategies for the listening section. For example, practice predicting the content of a conversation or lecture based on the introduction. Additionally, work on recognizing signal words and phrases that indicate important information, such as transitions, examples, and explanations. Develop a strategy for managing your time effectively, such as skimming the questions before listening to the audio.Week 9: Final Review and PracticeDuring the final week leading up to the test, engage in a comprehensive review of the listening section. Review any challenging question types and practice with additional sample questions. As you practice, focus on maintaining your concentration and staying calm, as these are essential skills for success in the listening section of the TOEFL.Conclusion:A well-structured TOEFL listening study plan is essential for achieving success on the test. By familiarizing yourself with the test format, improving your listening skills, practicing with official materials, and developing test-taking strategies, you can significantly improve your performance on the listening section. Remember to stay consistent and dedicated in your practice, and you will be well-prepared to excel on test day. Good luck!。

Conversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程•required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的•optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课•introduction, introductory, intro初级•mid, medium level, intermediate中级•advanced高级•preliminary预备级•seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼•3 图书馆•library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务•reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment section•check out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先•4 论文•Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿•bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊•display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源•published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏•5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记•Discourse Markers•Introducing•In my talk today•My topic today is•Today, we are going to discuss •Today, I’ll go over•The purpose of my talk today is•Today we are going to look at•Giving background Information•It is clear•It goes without saying•It is understood•As we know•As we have all read•Defining•X can be defined as•X is known as•X is a type of•X is actually•Just what is meant by•Listing•First•First and foremost•Next•Another•To begin with•Second•The next point I’d like to cover•finally•Showing a connection•Pertaining to in connection with•Classifying•There are X types/ categories/ varieties of •X can be divided into•Giving examples•For example•For instance•X is a case in point•Take X for instance•Take X, for example•The following are some common examples •Let me give you some specific examples •Emphasizing•The crucial point•I’d like to emphasize•We should bear in mind that •Fundamentally•I want to stress•Furthermore•What’s more•This goes to show that•In effect•Least we forget•It is worth mentioning that•It follows, then•Clarifying•In other words•That is to say•Basically•If we put it another way•i.e.•What I mean to say is•Let me put it anther way •Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics •Now•All right•OK•Let’s now look at it•Now, I’d like to turn to•The next point I’d like to focus on •Moving on•All that aside•In this respect•Giving further information•In addition•Furthermore•Another point•Moreover•Not only…but also•Also•On top of that•As well•Giving contrast information•Although•However•On the other hand•Whereas•Despite•nevertheless•Giving an opinion•As far as I’m concerned•In my opinion•If it were up to me•According to•If you ask me•In my mind•Setting parameters•In terms of in the scope of •Digressing•By the way•Before I forget•Incidentally•Concluding•We’ve seen that•In conclusion, I’d like to•In short•To sum up•Let me end by saying•Any question?•All in all•Commonly Used Expression• A point of contention•After all is said and done•All the more•And so on• A cross purpose•At the onset•Back and forth•Foot the bill•Get a grasp of•Get the ball rolling•Subject of disagreement•After all debate is finished•Even more•Etcetera•In contradiction to each other’s intent •At the beginning•Going and returning•Pay all•To understand•start•Give rise to•Hardly the case•In a fix•In a nutshell•Instead of•It’s all or nothing•It’s all very well and good •Miss the point•No matter•On the condition•Owing to•Part and parcel of•Cause•Not the situation at all•In a bad or difficult situation •Here is the basic point•Rather than•Completely or not at all•There is nothing wrong with •Not understand•It really isn’t important•If/ depending on•Due to• A necessary and important element •Poke holes in•Practically speaking•Slowly but surely•Stem from•Supposing that•That isn’t to say•The upshot of•Turning point•When it comes down to it•With the aim of•Without regard to•Wrap up•Under no circumstances•Find something wrong with •Talking common sense•Done carefully over time •Come from•What if•It doesn’t mean•The consequence or result•An important point of change in direction or meaning •The truth is•Having the goal of•Ignoring•Finishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s own feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。

初中托福备课教案模板一、教学目标1. 知识目标：（1）学生能够掌握托福考试的基本题型和答题技巧。

（2）学生能够提高英语听、说、读、写四个方面的能力。

2. 能力目标：（1）学生能够熟练运用所学知识，提高托福考试成绩。

（2）学生能够提高自主学习能力和团队合作能力。

3. 情感目标：（1）学生能够增强自信心，克服考试焦虑。

（2）学生能够培养对英语学习的兴趣和热情。

二、教学内容1. 托福考试的基本题型和答题技巧。

2. 英语听、说、读、写四个方面的能力提升。

三、教学过程1. 导入：（1）向学生介绍托福考试的基本情况，包括考试内容、题型、评分标准等。

（2）激发学生的学习兴趣，鼓励他们积极参与课堂活动。

2. 教学新课：（1）讲解托福考试的基本题型和答题技巧，如阅读理解、听力理解、口语表达、写作技巧等。

（2）通过例题和练习，让学生熟悉各种题型的解题思路和方法。

3. 课堂互动：（1）组织学生进行小组讨论，分享学习心得和经验。

（2）进行课堂练习，让学生运用所学知识解决问题。

4. 巩固提高：（1）布置课后作业，让学生巩固所学知识。

（2）提供相关学习资源，鼓励学生自主学习。

5. 总结反馈：（1）对学生的学习情况进行总结和评价，鼓励优点，指出不足。

（2）听取学生的意见和建议，调整教学方法和策略。

四、教学评价1. 学生考试成绩的提升。

2. 学生听、说、读、写四个方面能力的提高。

3. 学生对英语学习的兴趣和热情。

五、教学资源1. 托福考试教材和辅导书籍。

2. 网络资源，如托福考试官方网站、英语学习网站等。

六、教学时间1. 授课时间：每节课45分钟。

2. 课后作业时间：每节课后布置适量作业，让学生进行自主学习。

七、教学注意事项1. 注重学生的个体差异，因材施教。

2. 创设轻松、愉快的学习氛围，激发学生的学习兴趣。

3. 鼓励学生积极参与课堂活动，提高他们的自信心。

4. 及时给予学生反馈，指导他们纠正错误。

5. 注重培养学生的团队合作能力，提高他们的沟通能力。

托福课程培训计划方案1. IntroductionThe Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is a standardized test that measures the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers who wish to apply for higher education in English-speaking countries. It is accepted by more than 10,000 universities and other institutions worldwide. Due to the importance of TOEFL for international students, it is necessary to provide comprehensive and effective training programs to help them achieve success in the test.2. ObjectivesThe main objective of the TOEFL Course Training Program is to help students improve their English language skills and develop effective test-taking strategies in order to achieve high scores in the TOEFL test. The specific objectives of the program include:- Improving students' listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills in English.- Familiarizing students with the format and content of the TOEFL test.- Providing students with practice tests and feedback to help them identify areas for improvement.- Developing test-taking strategies and time-management skills.3. Target ParticipantsThe TOEFL Course Training Program is designed for non-native English speakers who are preparing to take the TOEFL test in order to apply for higher education programs in English-speaking countries. The program is suitable for students at various proficiency levels, from intermediate to advanced.4. Course ContentThe TOEFL Course Training Program covers the following content areas:- English Language Skills: The program includes instruction in grammar, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions to help students improve their overall language proficiency.- Listening Skills: Students will learn how to effectively listen to lectures and conversations in English and answer related questions.- Reading Skills: The program will focus on improving students' reading comprehension skills and strategies to deal with various types of reading passages.- Speaking Skills: Students will practice speaking English in a variety of contexts, such as giving presentations, expressing opinions, and participating in discussions.- Writing Skills: The program will provide guidance on how to write well-organized and coherent essays on various topics.- Test-Taking Strategies: The program will teach students effective strategies for approaching different question types in the TOEFL test and managing their time efficiently.5. Training MethodsThe TOEFL Course Training Program will use a variety of instructional methods to engage students and enhance their learning experience. These methods include:- Classroom Instruction: The program will include traditional classroom lectures, discussions, and activities to provide students with a solid understanding of the content and skills being taught.- Interactive Learning: The program will incorporate interactive learning activities, such as group discussions, role-plays, and language games, to enhance students' language acquisition and communication skills.- Multimedia Resources: The program will make use of multimedia resources, such as audio and video recordings, interactive software, and online resources, to provide students with authentic language input and practice opportunities.- Practice Tests: The program will administer regular practice tests to assess students' progress and provide them with valuable feedback on their performance.- Individualized Attention: The program will offer individualized feedback and support to help students address their specific language learning needs and areas for improvement. 6. Course DurationThe TOEFL Course Training Program will be offered in two formats: an intensive full-time program and a part-time program. The intensive full-time program will consist of 8 weeks of instruction, with classes held daily for 4-6 hours. The part-time program will be spread over 12 weeks, with classes held twice a week for 2-3 hours. This flexible scheduling will allow students to choose the program that best fits their needs and availability.7. Faculty and StaffThe TOEFL Course Training Program will be taught by highly qualified and experienced instructors who are proficient in English language teaching and test preparation. The faculty will include both native and non-native English speakers with extensive knowledge of the TOEFL test and the needs of international students. In addition, the program will have dedicated staff members to provide administrative support, counseling services, and technical assistance to students.8. Facilities and ResourcesThe TOEFL Course Training Program will be conducted in modern and well-equipped facilities that are conducive to learning and collaboration. The program will have access to a range of resources, including language labs, computer facilities, and a library with a collection of TOEFL preparation materials and reference books. In addition, the program will make use of online platforms and software to facilitate communication, collaboration, and assessment.9. Assessment and EvaluationThe TOEFL Course Training Program will use a variety of assessment and evaluation methods to monitor students' progress and ensure that their learning needs are being met. These methods include:- Pre-course Assessment: The program will administer a diagnostic test to assess students' language proficiency levels and identify their specific strengths and weaknesses.- In-course Assessment: The program will conduct regular quizzes, assignments, and performance assessments to gauge students' understanding of the content and skills being taught.- Post-course Assessment: The program will administer a mock TOEFL test at the end of the program to assess students' readiness and provide them with feedback on their performance.10. Support ServicesThe TOEFL Course Training Program will provide students with a range of support services to help them succeed in their language learning and test preparation. These services include:- Academic Counseling: The program will offer individualized counseling sessions to help students set language learning goals, monitor their progress, and address any challenges they may encounter.- Study Support: The program will provide students with access to additional study materials, online resources, and language learning software to support their learning outside of class.- Technical Assistance: The program will offer technical support to help students navigate online platforms, access resources, and complete assignments.11. Program OutcomesThe TOEFL Course Training Program aims to achieve the following outcomes for students:- Improved English Language Proficiency: Students will demonstrate improved listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills in English.- Increased Test Readiness: Students will be better prepared to take the TOEFL test, with a solid understanding of the test format, content, and strategies.- Higher Test Scores: Students will have the potential to achieve higher scores in the TOEFL test, enabling them to meet the language proficiency requirements of their desired academic programs.12. ConclusionThe TOEFL Course Training Program is designed to provide comprehensive and effective preparation for international students who are planning to take the TOEFL test. By focusing on language skills development, test-taking strategies, and individualized support, the program aims to help students achieve success in the test and pursue their academic goals in English-speaking countries.。

托福写作强化班教学大纲Curriculum for TOEFL Writing I OutlineThe following is an outline for the TOEFL Writing I course.1.Course nThis course is designed to help students improve their writing skills for the TOEFL exam.2.Test nThe writing n of the TOEFL exam consists of two tasks: the integrated task and the independent task.Reading Time: 3 minutesListening Time: 2 minutesWriting Time: 20 minutes for integrated task and 30 minutes for independent task3.XXXThe total time for the writing n is 50 minutes。

which is divided into two parts:Integrated Writing (20 minutes): Students must read a passage and listen to a related passage。

and then summarize both in about 150 to 225 words.Independent Writing (30 minutes): Students must write an essay on a given topic。

either agreeing or disagreeing with it or making a comparison.4.Test XXXThe writing n of the TOEFL exam is XXX:Effectively addresses the writing topic and taskXXXUses specific details and examples to support the viewXXX。

TOEFL IBT Listening（8节）Lecture 1一：大家互相认识，鼓励大家。

（10分钟）二：新托福听力介绍及评分标准（65分钟）Brief Introduction to ListeningTOEFL iBT listening materialsTOEFL iBT listening questions typeI: TOEFL iBT listening materials（15分钟）1.1 contents of listening materials1.1.1ConversationsOfficeStudent Service1.1.2 LecturesFragment of real life lecture•Interaction with students•Occasional Irrelevant small talk•Very board topic•Rudimentary knowledgeArts （艺术）Life Science（生命科学）Physical Science（自然科学）Social Science( 社会科学)Arts:ArchitectureIndustrial design/artCity planningPhotographyCrafts: weaving, knitting, fabrics, etcLife Science:Extinction of or conservation efforts for animals and plants Fish and other aquatic organismsBacteria and other one-celled organismsVirusesMedical techniquesPublic healthAnimal behaviorPhysical Science：Weather and atmosphereOceanographyMathAstronomy and cosmologyChemistry of inorganic thingsComputer scienceSeismologySocial Science:Early writing systemsHistorical linguisticsBusiness, managementEducationModern historyChild developmentExample:（10分钟）PhilosophyListen to part of a lecture in a philosophy class.Questions:1: What is the main purpose of the lecture?To illustrate the importance of extrinsic valuesTo explain Aristotle’s views about the importance of teachingTo explain why people change what they valueTo discuss Aristotle’s views about human happiness（gist-content 内容主旨题）2: The professor gives examples of things that have value for her. Indicate for each example what type of value it has for her.（细节题）3. Why is happiness central to Aristotle’s theory?Because it is so difficult for people to attainBecause it is valued for its own sake by all peopleBecause it is a means to a productive lifeBecause most people agree about what happiness is.（组织结构题）4. According to the professor, why Aristotle think that fame cannot provide true happiness? Fame cannot be obtained without help from other people.Fame cannot obtained by all people.Fame does not last forever.People cannot share their fame with other people.（细节题）5. Listen again to part of the lecture by playing track 4. Then answer the question. Teaching is not a highly valued profession in society.She may change profession in order to earn more money.The reason she is a teacher has little to do with her salary.More people would become teachers if the salary were higher.（推论题）二：听力考试应该注意的问题，及考试题型的简单介绍。