高考英语动名词和动词不定式
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【高中英语】动名词与不定式辨析:doing 和 to do1. go on doing 与go on to dogo on doing 指表示继续做同一件事,go on to do指做了一件事后,继续做另外一件事。
例如:Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习After she finished watching TV, she went on to do his homework.看完电视后,她接着去做作业了。
2. stop doing与stop to dostop doing 指停止目前做的事,stop to do指停止正在做的事而去做另外一件事。
例如:The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.当老师进来时学生们停止了说话。
Let’s stop to have a rest.让我们停下来休息一会儿。
3. forget doing 与 forget to doforget doing 指忘记已经做过某事,forget to do 指忘记了要去做某事。
例如: I forgot turning the TV off.我忘记已经把电视关掉了。
Don’t forget to lock the door when you leave.当你离开时不要忘记锁门。
4. remember doing 与remember to doremember doing 记着曾经做过某事;remember to do 记着要去做过某事。
例如:Don’t you remember writing this composition before?难道你不记得以前曾写过这篇作文吗?Remember to do your homework before playing computer games.记得做完作业再玩游戏.5. try doing 与try to dotry doing 指试验,试着做某事;try to do 努力,企图做某事。
动词不定式与动名词的用法及区别学案编制人:布凡(动词不定式)关敏(动名词)复查人:武长缨(一)不定式1.不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write)所构成的一种非限定性动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如to be writing, to have written)也有被动态(如to be write),所有的动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,也不论是动作动词还是状态动词,都有不定式形态。
助动词除be和have外,没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2.不定式的用法一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。
例如:To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。
例如:It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:1. It is+adj./ n. (+for sb./sth.) +to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
例如:It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job.It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例1:Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET)A. nowB. manC. thatD. it用于此句型的名词有:pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners 等。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词动词的不定式与动名词是英语中重要的语法知识点,具有广泛的用途。
在高中英语学习中,学生需要熟练掌握不定式和动名词的形式、用法以及常见的搭配。
本文将对动词的不定式与动名词的相关知识进行归纳总结,并给出一些常见的例句和实际运用场景。
一、动词的不定式不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,通常由“to + 动词原形”构成。
不定式在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语时,常常位于句首,用来指代具体的行为、想法或概念。
例句:- To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学习一门外语并不容易。
)- To avoid traffic jam, we decided to take the subway.(为了避免交通堵塞,我们决定乘地铁。
)2. 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语时,常常跟在某些动词(如want, hope, plan, decide等)后面,表示将要发生的动作。
例句:- She wants to be a doctor in the future.(她将来想成为一名医生。
)- We have decided to visit the Great Wall next week.(我们决定下周去参观长城。
)3. 不定式作表语不定式作表语时,常常跟在be动词(如is, am, are, was, were等)后面,表示主语的身份、职业或角色。
例句:- His dream is to become a famous writer.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。
)- Their job is to teach English to international students.(他们的工作是教国际学生英语。
)4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,用来修饰它们。
例句:- I have a book to read this weekend.(这个周末我有一本书要读。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词的用法动词的不定式与动名词在英语语法中扮演着重要的角色。
不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,通常以to+动词原形的形式出现。
动名词则以动词加-ing的形式出现。
它们在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等不同的成分,并且有着各自的用法和特点。
本文将对高中英语中不定式和动名词的用法进行归纳总结。
1. 不定式的用法不定式的主要用法如下:1.1 作为动词的宾语:例如:- I want to go to the beach this weekend.(我想这个周末去海滩。
)- They love to play basketball.(他们喜欢打篮球。
)1.2 作为动词的表语:例如:- Her dream is to become a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生。
)- The best method to learn a new language is to practice speaking it.(学习一门新语言的最佳方法是实践口语。
)1.3 作为不及物动词的宾语补足语:例如:- They made him leave the party.(他们让他离开派对。
)- She saw the cat climb up the tree.(她看到猫爬上树。
)1.4 作为介词的宾语:例如:- He is good at playing the piano.(他擅长弹钢琴。
)- We are interested in learning new things.(我们对学习新事物感兴趣。
)1.5 作为名词的定语:例如:- We need a pen to write the letter.(我们需要一支笔来写信。
)- Is there anything to eat in the fridge?(冰箱里有吃的东西吗?)2. 动名词的用法动名词的主要用法如下:2.1 作为名词的主语:例如:- Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
动名词与动词不定式的区别动名词和动词不定式是英语中的两种非谓语动词形式,它们在用法和含义上有一些区别。
本文将介绍动名词和动词不定式的区别。
1. 形式- 动名词的形式是动词的现在分词形式,通常以-ing结尾。
例如:doing, going。
- 动词不定式的形式是动词的原形,通常以to加在动词前面。
例如:to do, to go。
2. 主语- 动名词可以作为句子的主语。
例如:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)- 动词不定式不能直接作为句子的主语,但可以通过动名词的形式来表示。
例如:To swim is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)3. 动词后的宾语- 动名词可以直接跟在动词后作为宾语。
例如:I enjoy swimming.(我喜欢游泳。
)- 动词不定式通常需要用介词to来连接动词和宾语。
例如:I want to go swimming.(我想去游泳。
)4. 介词用法- 动名词可以直接跟在介词后使用。
例如:I'm interested in learning new languages.(我对研究新的语言感兴趣。
)- 动词不定式通常需要用介词to来引导介词短语。
例如:I'm looking forward to meeting you.(我期待着见到你。
)5. 用法和含义- 动名词表示一种持续性的动作或状态。
例如:He enjoys singing.(他喜欢唱歌。
)- 动词不定式表示一种将要发生的动作或状态。
例如:He wants to sing.(他想要唱歌。
)总结:动名词和动词不定式在形式、主语、宾语和介词用法上存在一些差异。
学会区分它们的用法和含义有助于提高英语表达的准确性和流利度。
高中英语动名词和不定式的区别动名词与不定式1)动名词与不定式的区别:动名词表达的是:状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的不定式表达的是:目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的2)接不定式或动名词,意义相同。
3)动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组:1stop to do stop doing2 forget to do forget doing3remember to do remember doing4 regret to do regret doing5cease to do cease doing6 try to do try doing7go on to do go on doing8 afraid to do afraid doing9interested to do interested doing10 mean to do mean doing11 begin/start to do begin/start doing动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解一、作主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。
如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?③It+be+形容词+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stup id,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。
动词不定式和动名词的区别与应用动词不定式和动名词是英语中常见的两种非谓语动词形式。
尽管它们的形式相似,但在用法和含义上有一些区别。
本文将详细介绍动词不定式和动名词的区别,并说明它们的应用场景。
一、形式上的区别动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,例如:to study,to eat。
动名词则以-ing 结尾,例如:studying,eating。
二、语法功能的区别1. 作主语动词不定式可以用作句子的主语,例如:- To learn a new language is challenging.(学一门新语言很有挑战性。
)- To travel is his dream.(旅行是他的梦想。
)动名词也可以用作句子的主语,例如:- Swimming is a good exercise.(游泳是一种好运动。
)- Reading books makes me happy.(读书使我快乐。
)2. 作宾语动词不定式可以用作及物动词的宾语,例如:- I want to learn Spanish.(我想学西班牙语。
)- She likes to eat fruits.(她喜欢吃水果。
)动名词也可以用作及物动词的宾语,例如:- I enjoy swimming every morning.(我喜欢每天早上游泳。
)- He admitted stealing the money.(他承认偷了那笔钱。
)3. 作介词宾语动词不定式可以用作介词宾语,例如:- She is good at playing the guitar.(她弹吉他很好。
)- He is interested in learning Chinese.(他对研究中文感兴趣。
)动名词也可以用作介词宾语,例如:- They are looking forward to visiting Paris.(他们期待着去巴黎旅行。
)三、意义和用法的区别1. 动词不定式带有“to”的含义,表示目的、意图、可能性、建议等,例如:- I went to the store to buy some bread.(我去商店买面包。
动词的不定式与动名词的区别动词的不定式(infinitive)和动名词(gerund)是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
尽管在形式上它们有一些相似之处,但在用法和含义上有明显的区别。
本文将详细介绍动词的不定式和动名词的区别,以便读者更好地理解和运用它们。
一、形式上的区别1. 动词的不定式通常由“to + 动词原形”构成,例如:to learn,to eat,to go等。
2. 动名词则是在动词原形后面直接加上-ing,例如:learning,eating,going等。
二、用法上的区别1. 主语的区别:a) 不定式作为主语:不定式一般用作主语时,表示一种抽象的行为、概念或目的。
例如:- To learn a new language is challenging.(学一门新语言很有挑战性。
)b) 动名词作为主语:动名词用作主语时,表示一种具体的、实际的行为或活动。
例如:- Reading helps expand your vocabulary.(阅读有助于扩大你的词汇量。
)2. 宾语的区别:a) 不定式作为宾语:不定式可以作为及物动词或不及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:want,hope,decide等。
例如: - She wants to learn Chinese.(她想学中文。
)b) 动名词作为宾语:动名词一般用作及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:enjoy,like,dislike等。
例如:- He enjoys swimming in the ocean.(他喜欢在海里游泳。
)3. 表语的区别:a) 不定式作为表语:不定式可以用作表语,通常用于表示完成、未来或可能性等。
例如:- His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生。
)b) 动名词作为表语:动名词不常用作表语。
4. 定语的区别:a) 不定式作为定语:不定式可以用作修饰名词或代词的定语,常用于表示目的、原因或解释等。
动词不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的用法动词不定式和动名词在英语中扮演着非常重要的角色,它们常常被用作句子的主语和宾语。
这两种形式在使用上有些许不同,下面我们就来详细介绍一下动词不定式和动名词作为主语和宾语的用法。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是由动词原形加上to构成的,例如:to eat,to play,to go等。
动词不定式作为主语时,常常表示一个动作或者行为的潜在性或可能性,比如:1. To learn a new language is not easy.(学习一门新语言并不容易。
)2. To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想。
)3. To succeed in life, you need to work hard.(要在生活中获得成功,你需要努力工作。
)动词不定式作为主语时通常位于句子的开头,后面紧跟着谓语动词和其他成分。
从以上例句可以看出,动词不定式作为主语强调的是一个抽象的行为或动作,而不是具体的人或物。
动词不定式作为宾语时,可以跟在某些及物动词后面,如hope, want, try, plan等,也可以跟在某些名词后面,如ability, decision, desire, intention等。
例如:动词不定式和动名词作为主语和宾语时,它们的主要区别在于动词不定式更多地强调一个抽象的或可能性的行为,而动名词更多地强调一个普遍的或经常性的行为。
在实际运用中,我们需要根据具体的语境和表达的意思来选择使用哪种形式,以便更准确地表达我们的意思。
希望本文的介绍能够帮助读者更加清晰地理解动词不定式和动名词作为主语和宾语的用法。
英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)(一)动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,否定形式“not to +动词原形”。
1.用法(1)作主语。
往往用it作为形式主语。
如:It is time to get up.(2)作宾语。
如果带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。
如:I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。
如:decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。
(3)作宾语补足语A:带to的动词不定式有:ask,tell,want,teach,advise,allow,beg,invite等。
如:He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有:see,watch,hear,make ,let等。
如:I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有:一感二听三让四观看。
一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:let,have,make 四观看:observe,see,watch,look at注意:feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时,要带to.如:I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意:带but介词的不定式。
如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么but后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
另外,在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。
高中英语语法专题复习03 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词)非谓语动词谓语动词在句子中有三种作用:1. 表示动作的时间,tense (时)2. 表示动作的状态,aspect (体)3. 表示动作的语气,mood (气)谓语动词的“时体气”,通过动词变位实现。
例如,The rabbit ate a carrot.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The rabbit has eaten a carrot.谓语动词在句子中受到主语的限制,随之出现了时态和人称的变化,成为一种被限定了的动词,所以也被称为限定性动词(finite verb)。
与之相对的,不受主语限制的动词,称为非限定性动词(non-finite verb),也就是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词不具备表达时态和人称的作用。
例如,I like to eat carrot.I liked eating carrot.The rabbit likes minced carrot.非谓语动词有四种形式:1. 不定式 infinitive2. 动名词 gerund3. 现在分词 present participle4. 过去分词 past participle谓语动词是简单句的核心动词,非谓语动词只可能出现在其他的句子成分中。
1. 主语例:Swimming makes us hale and hearty.2. 宾语例:Janet suddenly stopped talking.3. 表语/主语补语例:Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.4. 宾语补语例:I invited him to come here.5. 定语例:Don't disturb the sleeping dog.6. 状语例:He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.不定式、动名词句子的核心动词只能由谓语动词充当,而非谓语动词可以充当句子的其他成分。
高中英语新高考语法专题学习讲义非谓语动词语法(动名词,动词完整不定式)知识点总结动名词是我们要介绍的第一种非谓语动词形式。
以下是它的“档案”:•名称:动名词 (Gerund)•形式:原动词后加ing尾缀 (v. + -ing)•范例:原型→ play;动名词→ playing•词性:通常为不可数名词•表意:某个动作,某个行为,某个事件,某个事实 (如:playing 可表达“玩耍的动作”或“玩耍这个事件”)例句:We (主) don't allow (谓) smoking (我们不允许在大厅里抽烟(这种行为)。
这个例句是个典型主谓宾结构的简单句。
主语,也就是发起动作的人,是 we,我们;谓语,也就是动作本身,是 don't allow,不允许。
而宾语,也就是承受动作的事物,或者说,被“我们”所“不允许”的对象,是一个动作,或者说,是一个行为。
然而,一方面,这句话已经有了一个谓语,也就意味着这个动作,或者这个行为,不能再用谓语动词表达,否则就违反了“一个谓语原则”;另一方面,宾语的定义是“动作的承受者”,既然是承受“者”,那肯定得是一个“东西”,或者说是一个物体,因此自然应该是名词性的。
所以,我们可以用表达“抽烟”的动词 smoke 的动名词 smoking,作为这句话的宾语。
以下是一些类似例句,其中的动名词已用下划线标出,各位读者可以仔细体会:) is (系) dangerous (表).玩火(这种行为)是危险的。
His favorite sport (主) is (系) swimming (他最爱的运动是游泳(这种行为)。
) will be (系) the least of our problems (表).如果我们失败了,她不在身边(这件事)会是我们最小的问题。
) is (系) oneof the most enlightening discoveries by mankind (表).地球围绕太阳公转(这个事实)是人类最有启发性的发现之一。
高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词的特殊用法动词的不定式与动名词是英语语法中的重要部分,它们有着特殊的用法。
掌握了这些用法,可以帮助我们更准确地表达意思。
本文将对高中英语中动词的不定式与动名词的特殊用法进行归纳总结。
一、不定式的特殊用法1. 作主语不定式可以作为句子的主语,常见的形式有:"To do good is important." (做好事很重要)"It is important to do good." (做好事很重要)在这种用法中,不定式起到名词的作用,整个不定式短语作为句子的主语。
2. 作宾语不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语。
常见的动词有:want, plan, hope, decide, promise, agree等。
例如:"I want to go shopping."(我想去购物)"She promised to help me."(她答应帮助我)3. 作目的状语不定式可以表示动作的目的,常与动词prepare, learn, go等连用。
例如:"I am studying hard to pass the exam."(我正在努力学习以通过考试)"She bought some flowers to decorate the room."(她买了些花来装饰房间)4. 作结果状语不定式可以表示动作的结果,常与形容词或副词连用。
例如:"He is too young to drive."(他太年轻不能开车)"She is too tired to work."(她太累不能工作)二、动名词的特殊用法1. 作主语动名词可以作为句子的主语,常见的形式有:"Swimming is my favorite sport."(游泳是我最喜欢的运动)"Reading helps improve vocabulary."(阅读有助于提高词汇量)2. 作宾语动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语。
高一英语非谓语动词—动词不定式与动名词【本讲主要内容】非谓语动词——动词不定式与动名词【知识总结归纳】非谓语动词包括动词不定式,动名词和分词.〔1〕非谓语动词不可以单独作谓语,在形式上不受人称和数的限制.〔2〕非谓语动词如果是与物动词, 应该带宾语.〔3〕非谓语动词可以有状语来修饰.〔4〕非谓语动词仍有时态和语态的变化.I.动词不定式: to + 动词原形动词不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语,表语,宾语,定语和状语。
1. 作主语:To talk with him is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语时, 往往放在谓语动词的后面,用作形式主语.It is a great pleasure to talk with him.有很多形容词都可以放在这个句型中:difficult, easy, hard, impossible, dangerous, safe, expensive, cheap impossibleDo you think it is safe to drink this water?Your writing is awful. It is impossible to read it.I like being with Jill. It’s very interesting to talk to her.It is not difficult to learn a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it.在形容词kind, clever, silly, stupid, careless, unfair , considerate 等前应该用介词of.It’s silly of Mary to give up her job when she needs the money.I think it was very helpful of them to tell me the truth.2. 作表语:Her wish is to become a teacher when she grows up.Our plan is to finish the plan in two weeks.3. 作宾语:Do you like to watch football matches?We decided to make changes in our plan.常见的后面跟不定式作宾语的动词有:offer, decide, agree, plan, hope, learn, forget, fail, attempt, promise, arrange, afford, manage等.How old were you when you learn to drive?We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.I promised not to be late.有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式ready, eager, anxious, able, sure, glad, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willingThe boys and girls are eager to learn to swim.I’m sorry to trouble you.He is willing to help the people in need.有些动词后可以用疑问词+ 不定式的结构ask, decide, know, remember, forget , explain ,learn, wonderWe asked how to get to the airport?Have you decided where to go for your holidays?Do you understand what to do?4. 作宾补:可以带宾补的动词有:ask, order, persuade, advise, like, want, tell, know, helpwarn, invite, persuade, get, expect, would like, would loveThe doctor advised him to have a good rest.I didn’t move the piano by myself. I got somebody to help me.I was warned not to touch the switch.My father allowed me to use his car.在某些与物动词的复合宾语中, 动词不定式要省掉to, 常见的省to的动词有:make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel , help等I heard him speak in the next room.Liz suddenly felt something touch her on the shoulder.I saw him fall off the wall.Did anybody see the accident happen?The ending of the story made me feel sad.5. 作定语:动词不定式作定语时须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.He is always the first one to get up.I have a few words to say on this question.Attention, please! I have something important to say.6. 作状语:不定式作状语通常表示目的或结果---- Why did you go out?---- To post a letter.A friend of mine phoned to invite me to a party.A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.I went to see him only to find him out.II. 动名词由动词原形+ 词尾ing 构成.动名词有名词的特征, 在句中可以作主语, 宾语,表语等.1. 作主语:Getting up early is a good habit.Seeing is believing.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.It’s no use trying to persuade me.There’s nothing you can do about the situation, so it’s no good worrying ab out it.2. 作表语:Her job is looking after the babies.His hobby is collecting stamps.3. 作宾语:常跟动名词作宾语的动词:stop, delay, consider, admit, miss, finish, postpone, imagine, avoid, risk practiseSuddenly everybody stopped talking. There was silentce.I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished cleaning the flat.He tried to avoid answering my question.Have you ever considered going to live in another country.一些短语后面也用动名词做宾语:give up, put off, carry on, go on, keep onHe has given up smokingWe must do something. We can’t go on living like that.Don’t keep interrupting me while I’m speaking.介词后接动名词作宾语:before, after, be interested in, be good at, how about, instead of, in spite of, without, be used to, look forward to, have difficulty in, succe ed in, insist on, think of, feel like, stop… from, Are you interested in working for us?I’m not very good at learning languages.Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.What did you do after leaving school?I ran ten kilometers without stopping.Do you feel like going out tonight?The police stopped everyone from leaving the building.【高考点拨】【题型展示】〔〕 1. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating此题应选C, warn sb. not to do sth. 意思是警告某人不要做某事.〔〕 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , __________ it more difficult .A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make此题应选B, 动词不定式在这里是作表语的.〔〕 3. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying此题应选A, sb. be said to be, 意思是据说, 在这里用不定式的完成时, 指的是发生在过去的事.〔〕 4. I’ve worked with children before , so I know what ______ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects此题应选B, know 后面接动词不定式,不定式前面可以带一个疑问词.〔〕 5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out此题应选C, plan 为定语从句的先行词, 后面为它的定语从句. 在从句中, 短语see sth. done 意思是“看见…被….〞〔〕 6. I usually go there by train.--- Why ______ going there by boat for a change?A.don’t tryB. not tryC. not to tryD. not trying此题应选B, why not do sth. 为一个词组, 表示一种建议语气.〔〕7. We don’t know who stole the book. What’s you r opinion?--- Jack is considered _______ it.A. having doneB. doingC. to have doneD. to do此题应选B, consider 后面应该用动名词作宾语.〔〕8. The place is really beautiful . We all think it worth ______ .A. being visitedB. to be visitedC. a visitD. to visit此题应选C, worth 后面可以跟动名词作它的宾语,A、B、D答案都不是,因此我们选择名词作宾语.〔〕9. He advised _____ at the school gate the next day.A. our meetingB. to meetC. us meetingD. met此题应选A, advise 后接动名词作宾语, 动名词前面可以有一个逻辑主语,用形容词性的物主代词.〔〕10. The computer is _______ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.A. regardedB. consideredC. expectedD. suggested此题应选B, consider 在这里是认为的意思. c onsider sb. to be ….【实战模拟】〔〕 1. The experienced driver has got ______ in all kinds of weather.A. used to driveB. used to drivingC. use to driveD. use to driving〔〕2. I’m too tired. I prefer _____ rather than go to the cinema.A. to stay homeB. to staying homeC. stay homeD. staying home〔〕 3. Her father considered _____ to a foreign friend.A. writingB. writeC. to writeD. wrote〔〕 4. You’d better _____ tell a lie. I think it ______ tell the teacher all that had happened yesterday.A. not. would betterB. not, is better toC. not to, would better toD. not to, better〔〕 5. The young couple came to the ball without ______ .A. being invitedB. invitingC. been invitedD. invite〔〕 6. He was surprised to find the back window of his house ______ . He was evenmore surprised to find his computer ______ .A. broken, goneB. had broken, goingC. being broken, disappearedD. had been broken, missed〔〕7. Please speak a little louder to make yourself _____ .A. to hearB. hearC. heardD. hearing〔〕8. The dish isn’t warm enough now. You’d better get it _____ .A. to heatB. to be heatedC. heatedD. heating〔〕9. --- What’s in your bag?--- Books _________to the teacher tomorrow.A. sentB. to be sentC. being sentD. sending〔〕10. I can hardly imagine Peter _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five hours.A. sailB. to sailC. sailingD. to have sailed试题答案1. B2. A3. A4. B5. A6. A.7. C8.C9. B 10. C。
常用句型动名词与不定式的区别动名词和不定式作为英语语法中常用的词组形式,经常被用于表达特定的含义和语境。
本文将重点介绍动名词与不定式的区别,以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这两种句型。
一、定义和形式1. 动名词(Gerund)是动词的一种形式,以-ing结尾,并且在句中充当名词的角色。
动名词的形式为动词的原形 + -ing,例如:reading, swimming, studying等。
2. 不定式(Infinitive)是动词的一种形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如:to read, to swim, to study等。
二、句法用法1. 主语和宾语(1)动名词作为主语,常用于表达一般性的或已经完成的动作。
例如:Swimming is my favorite hobby.(游泳是我最喜欢的爱好。
)(2)不定式作为主语,常用于表达将来的或可能的动作。
例如:To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想。
)(3)动名词作为宾语,常用于及物动词之后。
例如:I enjoy swimming in the ocean.(我喜欢在海洋中游泳。
)(4)不定式作为宾语,常用于及物动词之后,并带有to。
例如:She wants to go shopping this weekend.(她想在这个周末去购物。
)2. 补语(1)动名词作为补语,常用于及物动词之后。
例如:I find it interesting watching movies.(我发现看电影很有趣。
)(2)不定式作为补语,常用于及物动词之后,并带有to。
例如:She considers him to be a good friend.(她认为他是个好朋友。
)3. 定语和状语(1)动名词作为定语,修饰名词。
例如:I have a swimming lesson tomorrow.(我明天有一节游泳课。
动词不定式和动名词一、动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1.作主语可以直接作主语。
如:To see is to believe.(1)但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
(2)如果要表示不定式动作的执行者,就在It + be +形容词+to do sth该句型中的不定式之前加for sb或of sb。
①在形容词hard, difficult, easy, necessary, important, impossible, good, helpful, useful, dangerous, safe等之后常用for sb,即构成句型:It + be + 形容词+for sb to do sth。
e.g. I t’s not easy for us to learn a foreign language well.It’s dangerous for you to swim in the river.该句型中的形容词修饰的是不定式,强调的是做某事怎么样。
②在形容词nice, kind, clever, foolish(愚蠢的), polite(有礼貌的), careless, careful等之后,常用of sb,即构成句型:It + be + 形容词+of sb + to do sth e.g. It is very kind of you to help me. It was wrong of them to cut the trees.该句型中的形容词主要修饰人,表示某人的性质或特征,强调的是这个人怎么样。
动名词与不定式的区别与运用在英语语法中,动名词(gerund)和不定式(infinitive)是两种常见的名词形式,它们在使用和意义上有一些区别。
本文将详细介绍动名词和不定式的特点、用法和运用场景。
一、动名词的特点与用法1. 动名词的构成:动名词由动词+ing构成,具有名词的性质。
2. 作主语:动名词可作为句子的主语,在句中表示一种行为或状态。
例:Swimming is a good exercise.(游泳是一项好的运动。
)3. 作宾语:动名词可作及物动词的宾语,表示动作的承受者。
例:I enjoy dancing on weekends.(我喜欢周末跳舞。
)4. 作介词宾语:动名词常常作为介词的宾语,表示介词所指的动作或状态。
例:She is thinking about buying a new car.(她正在考虑买辆新车。
)5. 作某些特定动词的宾语:某些动词后只能接动名词作宾语。
例如:admit, avoid, consider, recommend, discuss等。
例:He suggested going to the cinema.(他建议去看电影。
)二、不定式的特点与用法1. 不定式的构成:不定式由to + 动词原形构成,具有名词、形容词或副词的性质。
2. 作主语:不定式可作为句子的主语,常用于表示抽象的概念、信念或理想。
例:To learn a foreign language requires patience and perseverance.(学习一门外语需要耐心和毅力。
)3. 作宾语:不定式可作及物动词的宾语,常与动词一起构成某些固定搭配。
例:She promised to help me with my homework.(她答应帮我做作业。
)4. 作目的状语:不定式可表示动作、状态的目的或用途。
例:I went to the store to buy some groceries.(我去商店买些杂货。
不定式和动名词作主语的区别非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语。
非谓语动词中,不定式和动名词都可以做主语,也都可以借助于it把不定式和动名词移到句子后面。
一般来说,不定式作主语,表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作;动名词作主语,表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行。
如:Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here .这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)通常只用不定式作主语的5种情况:1.It is necessary/important /impossible/ difficult •…(fob. ) to do sth. 句型如:It is necessary for us to master a foreign Ianguage. 我们有必要掌握一门夕卜语2.It is kind /foolish/clever/stupid/nice/rude/careless/friendly sb. ) to・doofth .句型,形容词常修饰人的特征如:It is very kind of you to help us. 你帮助我们真是太好了3. It takes/cost/require/make sb./sth. to do sth. 句型如It took me two hours to finish the work. 我完成那项工作用了两小时4. 不定式和when/where/how/what/whether 等连用,在句子中做主语如:Whether to do it hasn t been decided.是否去做还没有决定5. 主语被否定时如:Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions. 绝望是最糟糕的事通常只用动名词用主语的6种情况:1. 含形容词的句子,It is good/foolish/wo nderful/ useless/ difficult /nice doing句型中如:It is useless try again. 再试也没用2. 含名词的句子,It is no fun/luck/pleasure/relief/mistake/pai n/use/good 句型中女口: It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地等待是没有用的3. There is no (use/help/need) doing sth 句型如:There is no knowing what may happen in that case. 女口果那样的话不知道会发生什么事4. 在疑问句中如:Is doing morning exercises good for your health? 做早操对身体有益处吗?5. 在某些动词的被动式前如:Walking on the grass is forbidden. 禁止在这草地上行走。
不定式和动名词的用法,是高中高频考点。
哪些词后面接不定式,那些词后面接动名词?下面是一个很全面的汇总。
一、后面只能接不定式的情况:不定式可以接在动词后面作宾语、宾补,接在名词后面作定语,接在形容词后面作状语。
1、动词+不定式作宾语ask, afford, agree, arrange, aim, apply,beg, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, desire, expect, fail, fear, long渴望, know,hope,help, happen, hope, hesitate, intend,learn, long, manage, mean, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, struggle, teach, want, wish, 2、词组+不定式作宾语be likely to, be ready, try one’s best, make up one’s mind,make an attempt, make a decision,(would,should)+(like, love, hare ,prefer) 3、feel, hear, listen to 等感观动词/ have, let , make等使役动词+不带to不定式作宾补在主动语态中,不定式不带to;在被动语态中,则必须带to4、动词+sb to do作宾补ask, advise, allow, beg, bear,cause,challenge, convince, consider, command,drive,elect,enable, expect, encourage,forbid,force,get,hate,hire, instruct, invite, like,mean,need,order,oblige,persuade,prepare, permit, promise, recommend, request,remind, request, require, teach,tell,trouble,train,urge, want, warn, wish5、不能直接接不定式,但可接“疑问词+ to do sth”作宾语consider, understand, discuss+疑问词(how等) + to do sth6、名词+to do作定语,常用主动ability, ambition, attempt, capability, chance, decision, demand, desire, failure, freedom, fun, honor, occasion, offer, opportunity, permission, pity, plan, pleasure, promise, responsibility, the first, the last way, warn, wish7、形容词+to do,to do做形容词的状语,多用主动态able, anxious, boring, bound, certain, common, convenient, dangerous, delighted, difficult, eager, easy, essential, fortunate, glad, good, hard, important, impossible, inclined, likely, lucky, necessary, pleased, prepared, ready, sorry, strange, sure, useful, useless, usual, vital, worthy二、后面只能接动名词的情况动名词可以接在动词后面作动词宾语,接在介词后面作介词宾语。
高考英语动名词和动词不定式一、后面只能接不定式的情况:不定式可以接在动词后面作宾语、宾补,接在名词后面作定语,接在形容词后面作状语。
1、动词+不定式作宾语ask, afford, agree, arrange, aim, apply,beg, care, choose, decide, demand, determine,? desire, expect, fail, fear, long渴望, know,hope,help, happen, h ope, hesitate, intend,learn, long, manage, mean, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, struggle, teach, want, wish,?2、词组+不定式作宾语be likely to, be ready, try one’s best, make up one’s mind,make an at tempt, make a decision,(would,should)+(like, love, hare ,prefer)3、feel, hear, listen to 等感观动词/ have, let , make等使役动词? +不带to不定式作宾补在主动语态中,不定式不带to;在被动语态中,则必须带to4、动词+sb to do作宾补ask, advise, allow, beg, bear,cause,challenge, convince, consider, comma nd,drive,elect,enable, expect, encourage,forbid,force,get,hate,hire, ins truct, invite, like,mean,need,order,oblige, persuade,prepare, permit, prom ise, recommend, request,remind, request, require, teach,tell,trouble,train,urge, want, warn, wish5、不能直接接不定式,但可接“疑问词+ to do sth”作宾语consider, understand, discuss+疑问词(how等) + to do sth6、名词+to do作定语,常用主动ability, ambition, attempt, capability, chance, decision, demand, desire, fail ure, freedom, fun, honor, occasion, offer, opportunity, permission, pity, plan, p leasure, promise, responsibility, the first, the last way, warn, wish7、形容词+to do,to do做形容词的状语,多用主动态able, anxious, boring, bound, certain, common, convenient, dangerous, del ighted, difficult, eager, easy, essential, fortunate, glad, good, hard, important, i mpossible, inclined, likely, lucky, necessary, pleased, prepared, ready,? sorry, st range, sure, useful, useless, usual, vital, worthy二、后面只能接动名词的情况动名词可以接在动词后面作动词宾语,接在介词后面作介词宾语。
1、动词+动名词作动词宾语admit,? allow, appreciate, avoid, anticipate期盼, consider, delay, deny, disc uss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, endure, finish, fancy设想, forbid, forgive, fac e面对, favor支持,imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, practise, prevent, prohibit, postphone, quit, report,? resist,resume,recall, risk, stand忍受, spend, suggest, understand2、不含to词组+动名词,作介词宾语as well as, be busy, be engaged in, be interest in , be worth, be afraid of, be tired of , be worth, be fond of, be pound of, be capable of, be successfu l in , be good at, burst out, can’t help, count on/upon指望, feel like, give up,have fun, have difficulty in, have problems, hold on, insist on, It’s worth…, I t’s? no good, It’s no use, no good, no use, pay attention to, put off,? prev ent from, spend..in, set about, succeed in, think of/about, take pride in, take up,3、含to词组+动名词,作介词宾语;其中to是介词admit to, appeal to(呼吁), adapt to ,adjust to,be used to, be opposed t o反对, be suited to(适合),be accustomed to (习惯于), be equal to(能胜任;等同于),be fundamental to,be addicted to(沉迷于..),confess to承认, contribute t o有助于,cater to(迎合),dedicate...to致力于, due to (反对) ,devote ...to(致力于), get down to (认真处理), key…to,lead to,look forward to(期望),object to(反对),owing to(由于),pay refer to,pay attention to, prefer…to, see to (负责), st ick to (遵守,坚持), submit to(being done)? turn to doing (改行..),witness to服从三、动名词与不定式都可以接的情况1、接动名词与不定式,意义不同的动词forget to do 忘记要去做某事.(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事.(已做)remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing 记得做过某事(已做) stop doing ? 停止做某事?stop to do 停止做某事后,去做另一件事. go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事. go on doing 继续做原来做的事.regret to do 对要做的事遗憾.(未做) regret doing 对做过的事后悔.(已做)try to do 想法设法做某事.try doing ? 尝试做某事.mean to do? 打算做某事mean doing 意味着做某事can’t help doing 禁不住做某事can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事be afraid to do 不敢做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为"怕";be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况.doing 是客观上造成的,意为”生怕,恐怕".cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事.cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做.like to do 未做;或偶尔一次like doing 正在进行;一贯行为chance to do? 碰巧做某事chance doing 冒险试一试做某事used to do? 过去常常做;be used to do 被用于做,被动语态be used to doing? 习惯于做2、接不定式和动名词,意思区别不大的动词:attempt, begin, bother, can’t bear, cease, continue, hate, , intend, like,lo ve, prefer, propose, start在begin, cease, continue, start的进行式后面通常要用不定式,而不用动名词,因为两个-ing形式重复听起来别扭。
例:He was beginning to recover when he had another attack. 他正在开始恢复时,突然病又发作了。
3、接不定式和动名词语态不同, 表示“需要”的need, want, require + doing动名词主动表被动?need, want, require + to be done不定式被动表被动例:need doing=need to be done某事需要被做?need to do 需要去做某事4、不能直接接不定式,可接doing和sb to do的动词:advise/allow/ forbid /permit + doing?advise/allow/ forbid /permit +sb to do? (advise/allow/ forbid /permit 不能直接接不定式)。