最新研究生学术英语写作教程Unit-1-Understanding-Academic-English

研究生学位英语作文The Importance of Pursuing a Graduate Degree in English。

In today's competitive job market, having a graduate degree in English is becoming increasingly important. Whether you are interested in pursuing a career in academia, publishing, writing, or any other field that requiresstrong communication and analytical skills, a graduate degree in English can provide you with the necessary expertise and credentials to succeed. In this essay, wewill discuss the importance of pursuing a graduate degreein English and how it can benefit your career and personal growth.First and foremost, a graduate degree in English can provide you with a deeper understanding of the English language and its literature. Through advanced courseworkand research, you will have the opportunity to explore a wide range of literary genres, historical periods, and critical theories, allowing you to develop a comprehensiveknowledge of the field. This knowledge can be invaluablefor those who are interested in pursuing a career as a teacher, writer, or editor, as it can provide you with the skills and expertise needed to excel in these professions.Furthermore, a graduate degree in English can help you develop advanced critical thinking and analytical skills.By engaging with complex texts and ideas, you will learnhow to analyze and interpret literature in a nuanced and sophisticated manner. These skills are not only valuablefor careers in academia and publishing, but they are also highly sought after in a wide range of industries,including marketing, public relations, and law. Employers are often looking for candidates who can think critically and communicate effectively, and a graduate degree in English can help you stand out in the job market.In addition to providing you with valuable skills and expertise, a graduate degree in English can also open up a wide range of career opportunities. Graduates with a degree in English can pursue careers in teaching, writing, editing, publishing, and more. They can also work in fields such asjournalism, public relations, marketing, and communications. With a graduate degree in English, you will have the flexibility to pursue a career that aligns with your interests and goals, and you will be well-prepared to succeed in a competitive job market.Finally, pursuing a graduate degree in English can also be a deeply rewarding experience on a personal level. Engaging with literature and ideas can be intellectually stimulating and fulfilling, and it can provide you with a sense of personal growth and accomplishment. By pursuing a graduate degree in English, you will have the opportunityto immerse yourself in a field that you are passionate about, and you will be able to develop a deep appreciation for the power and beauty of language.In conclusion, pursuing a graduate degree in Englishcan be an excellent investment in your future. Whether you are interested in pursuing a career in academia, publishing, writing, or any other field that requires strong communication and analytical skills, a graduate degree in English can provide you with the expertise and credentialsto succeed. It can help you develop a deeper understanding of the English language and its literature, as well as advanced critical thinking and analytical skills. It can also open up a wide range of career opportunities and provide you with a deeply rewarding personal experience. If you are passionate about literature and language, and if you are looking to advance your career and personal growth, then pursuing a graduate degree in English may be the right choice for you.。

学术英语 Unit 1 知识点：Step by Step Thinking学术英语是大多数学术研究和交流的主要语言。

对于学术写作来说，正确使用学术英语的关键之一是理解和运用逻辑推理和逐步思考。

本文将从逐步思考的角度介绍学术英语 Unit 1 的知识点。

第一个知识点是逐步说明。

在学术写作中，逐步说明是一种清晰和有条理地表达思想的方法。

逐步说明可以通过以下几个步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要表达的中心思想或观点。

然后，在正文中，你可以逐步展开这个观点，并提供相关的证据和例子来支持你的论点。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你的中心思想。

第二个知识点是逐步解释。

在学术写作中，逐步解释是解释一个复杂的概念或理论的有效方法。

逐步解释可以通过以下步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要解释的概念或理论，并提供一个简短的定义或描述。

然后，在接下来的段落中，你可以逐步展开并解释这个概念或理论的各个方面。

你可以使用实例、研究结果或其他支持材料来进一步说明你的解释。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你对这个概念或理论的解释。

第三个知识点是逐步分析。

在学术写作中，逐步分析是分析一个问题或主题的不同方面和细节的重要方法。

逐步分析可以通过以下步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要分析的问题或主题，并提供一个简短的描述。

然后，在接下来的段落中，你可以逐步列举并分析这个问题或主题的各个方面和细节。

你可以使用数据、统计信息或其他支持材料来支持你的分析。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你对这个问题或主题的分析。

第四个知识点是逐步比较。

在学术写作中，逐步比较是比较两个或多个事物的相似之处和差异之处的有效方法。

逐步比较可以通过以下步骤来实现。

首先，你需要明确你要比较的事物，并提供一个简短的描述。

然后，在接下来的段落中，你可以逐步列举并比较这些事物的相似之处和差异之处。

你可以使用实例、研究结果或其他支持材料来支持你的比较。

最后，通过总结段落或结论，你可以再次强调你对这些事物的比较。

新时代研究生学术英语教程1第一单元Here is an essay with over 1,000 words on the topic "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1":In the new era of globalization and technological advancements, the acquisition of academic English proficiency has become increasingly crucial for graduate students. As they embark on their research journeys, the ability to effectively communicate their ideas, findings, and insights to an international audience has become a critical skill. The "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1" aims to equip students with the necessary tools and strategies to thrive in this dynamic academic landscape.The first unit of this course focuses on the fundamental aspects of academic writing, a cornerstone of graduate-level research and scholarship. Students will be introduced to the core elements of academic discourse, including the organization and structure of research papers, the use of appropriate language and tone, and the importance of coherence and clarity in their written communication.One of the primary objectives of this unit is to help students develop a strong foundation in the conventions of academic writing. Thisincludes understanding the purpose and structure of different sections within a research paper, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. By mastering these components, students will be better equipped to effectively convey their research objectives, contextualize their work within the existing body of knowledge, and present their findings in a logical and compelling manner.Furthermore, this unit emphasizes the significance of academic voice and tone. Graduate students are expected to adopt a formal, objective, and impersonal style in their writing, demonstrating their depth of understanding and critical thinking abilities. Through targeted exercises and feedback, students will learn to avoid common pitfalls, such as the overuse of personal pronouns, colloquial language, and emotional appeals, and instead cultivate a more academic and authoritative writing style.In addition to the structural and stylistic aspects of academic writing, this unit also addresses the fundamental principles of effective paragraph and sentence construction. Students will explore techniques for developing coherent and well-structured paragraphs, including the use of topic sentences, supporting evidence, and logical transitions. They will also delve into the nuances of sentence structure, exploring ways to vary sentence length, complexity, and rhythm to enhance the overall flow and readability of their work.One of the key focuses of this unit is the development of critical thinking and analysis skills. Graduate students are expected to engage in in-depth research, synthesize complex information, and formulate original arguments. This unit will guide students in honing these essential skills, teaching them how to critically evaluate sources, identify key themes and patterns, and construct persuasive and well-reasoned arguments.Furthermore, this unit emphasizes the importance of academic integrity and proper citation practices. Students will learn how to effectively incorporate and cite sources, ensuring that they avoid plagiarism and maintain the highest standards of scholarly ethics. They will be introduced to various citation styles, such as APA and MLA, and will practice implementing these guidelines throughout their academic writing.Another crucial aspect of this unit is the development of research skills. Graduate students are expected to be proficient in searching for, evaluating, and integrating relevant literature into their work. This unit will equip students with strategies for effectively navigating academic databases, identifying authoritative sources, and synthesizing the existing body of knowledge to support their research objectives.In addition to the core components of academic writing, this unit also addresses the importance of audience awareness and professional communication. Students will learn how to tailor their writing style and tone to specific academic or professional contexts, ensuring that their work is accessible and impactful to their intended readers. This includes strategies for effectively communicating complex ideas to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.Throughout this unit, students will have ample opportunities to apply the concepts and skills they have learned through a series of practical exercises and writing assignments. These activities will not only reinforce their understanding of academic writing but also provide valuable feedback and guidance from experienced instructors.By the end of this unit, students will have developed a comprehensive set of academic writing skills that will serve them well throughout their graduate studies and beyond. They will be equipped with the confidence and competence to effectively communicate their research, engage in scholarly discourse, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.In conclusion, the "New Era Graduate Academic English Course 1 Unit 1" is a crucial stepping stone in the academic journey ofgraduate students. By mastering the fundamental principles of academic writing, critical thinking, and research skills, students will be well-positioned to excel in their graduate programs and to make meaningful contributions to the global academic community.。

研究生入学考试英语一作文范本解析与高质量仿写**英文部分：**With the approaching of the 2023 postgraduate entrance examination, the English section, particularly the writing task, has garnered much attention from candidates across the country. The writing prompt often demands a profound understanding of the topic, critical thinking, and the ability to express ideas clearly and coherently. Thisyear's writing prompt might focus on such topics as technology and its impact on society, environmental sustainability, or the role of education in shaping individuals and nations.In addressing such topics, it is essential to begin with a strong introduction that captures the reader's attention and provides a clear overview of the argument. For instance, if the topic is technology and its impact on society, one might begin by discussing the rapid advancements in technology and their far-reaching consequences on various aspects of life.Following the introduction, it is crucial to delveep into the main body of the essay, where one should present evidence, examples, and counterarguments to support their position. For the technology topic, one could discuss how technology has revolutionized industries, improved communication, and made information more accessible. However, it is also important to acknowledge the negative impacts, such as privacy concerns, job displacement, and the digital divide.In the conclusion, it is essential to summarize the main points made in the essay and provide a closing argument that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. For the technology topic, one might conclude by discussing the need for balanced and responsible use of technology, emphasizing its potential to bring about positive change while also acknowledging its limitations and challenges. Moreover, throughout the essay, it is important to maintain a logical flow of ideas, use transitional words and phrases to connect paragraphs, and employ a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to enhance readability and engage the reader.**中文部分：**随着2023年研究生入学考试的临近，英语科目特别是写作部分受到了全国各地考生的广泛关注。

第一单元：Think about a time when something significant changed in your lifeTransportation Has Change People’s Lives As we all know, our society is developing fast by the power of technology. The first practical gasoline-powered automobile occurred more than 120 years ago, since then the cars have changed our lives a lot as a transportation vehicle. In my opinion, the main effects reflect in the following respects.Firstly, nowadays the automobiles nearly become the most popular tools when we go out. No matter we take a taxi or drive your own car, we choose the automobile. That is the very effect of vehicle on us. Besides, we enjoy the happy time by driving our cars during the tour on holidays. For example, we can drive our cars to have a picnic and enjoy the beautiful scenery with our families out of home. Thirdly, each automobile enterprise has its own brand culture, each brand has special meaning and it represents the car’s characteristic.In a word, the automobile changes our lives a lot and it makes our lives more convenience and colorful.第二单元：描述一道菜Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish（松鼠桂鱼）In Jiangsu cuisine, there is a well-known dish called Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish. And it is universally acknowledged that this dish is the representative of Jiangsu cuisine.This dish is prepared with more than 9 main ingredients including fish, cooking wine, pine nut, pepper, ketchup, salt and vinegar. First, you should make the fish clean and remove it’s bones and organs. Second the fish should be placed into a wok, with pepper and cooking wine and then fry it until its color changes. Third, make the fish like a squirrel and pour the hot and thick marinade on the fish. Then the last thing is just enjoying this beautiful and delicious “squirrel”.The Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish is suitable for people of all ages. And it not only contains fat and protein but also is rich sources of the beneficial elements. So this dish is worthy of the being called the most bright pearl of Jiangsu cuisine.第三单元：第四单元：Love is an act of endless forgivenessLove is an Act of Endless ForgivenessLove is the most beautiful thing in the world, and it is also the essential psychological need for human.We should know love is a priceless gift we should cherish, but how to cherish the love? I have heard a saying: love is an act of endless forgiveness. I also share the same opinion.When we fall in love with someone, we are attracted by his or her bright side, but nobody is perfect. When we become more and more familiar with each other, we willfind the bad side of the one we loved so much. At the momen t, we should forgive, forgive the one you love is forgiving yourself.In life, we may face many trivial things, we may complain, we may quarrel with each other, and all of this will lead an unhappy life, the love will deteriorate. The result is not what we want. The only solution is endless forgiveness. When you choose to forgive your lover, you will obtain the double love, the happiness of your own soul and the love of your lover, Just as the saying puts i t: love is an act of endless forgiveness. We should remember it forever and put it into practice. Love itself deserves you doing that.第五单元：(1)compare and contrast urban lives and rural livesThe Comparing and Contrasting Urban Lives and Rural LivesLiving in country or in city are the two basic lifestyles and have similarities and differences. Both styles of life offer people an opportunity for work .Nevertheless, economic conditions choice of the two lifestyles differs greatly.People both in country and in city all need to work hard to keep the pot boiling,. Survival stress exists not only in city also in country.For example, peasants compete to improve crop yields, then they can get more many by selling the crops. Likewise, workers work hardly competing with their colleague hoping to apply for a higher position and higher salary.In compariso n, there are great differences between country life and city life. The biggest difference is the economic conditions. Generall y, urban people earn more money leading a more modern and high-quality life. By contrast,most people’s income in country is much lower and their life is traditional with less living material.In summary, people living in country and city have similar life content including work . But, there are great differences when referring to economic conditions.（2）dangerous sportsExtreme SportsIn the age of information explosion and economy development, people follow a fast-paced lifestyle and traditional sports, such as dances, discos, bowling and spa are no more able to satisfy their need,which leads to more and more people, especially the youth trying some special sports. And that is why extreme sports appear and become popular.Extreme sports,consisting of bungee, roller skating, parkour, surfing, skateboarding, water-skiing, rock climbing, demand high-tech, great energy and extraordinary courage. Sometimes I wonder why a great number of people are fascinated about such difficult and dangerous sports at the risk of hurting themselves.Finally,I know i t is the superior difficulty, excitation and contentment after finishing these sports that make people fascinated about extreme sports. People escapefrom busy work, study and life to challenge and release. Not only do they strengthen their bodies but they get entertainment and bravery. Most importantly, they are much closer to the nature and have new experience towards life. So if you are energetic and brave enough, why not have a try?Extreme SportsNowadays,More and more people are keen to participate in dangerous sports. Extreme sports, consisting of bungee, roller skating, parkour, surfing, skateboarding and so on. Sometimes I wonder why a great number of people are fascinated about such difficult and dangerous sports at the risk of hurting themselves.As far as I am concerned,There are some reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Firstly,In the age of information explosion and economy development, people follow a fast-paced lifestyle and traditional sports, which leads to more and more people, especially the youth trying some special sports. And that is why extreme sports appear and become popular. Secondly,I know it is the superior difficulty, excitation and contentment after finishing these sports that make people fascinated about extreme sports. People escape from busy work, study and life to challenge and release. Not only do they strengthen their bodies but they get entertainment and bravery.In a word, It’s dangerous activities that can provide more chances for people to feel the nature . So if you are energetic and brave enough, why not have a try?第六单元：pay attention to famous people opinionsWe should pay attention to opinions of famous people Famous people are those who achieved success in their careers, gained popularity and recognition among the mass. Their experience is worthy of pondering over for us.A s far as I am concerned,we should pay our attention to famous people’s opi nions as we can learn and make use of some valuable information for our own purpose.On the one hand, famous and successful people have very valuable experience of achieving their goals. They gain their popularity through hard work and they can give some advice on how to be persistent and never give up no matter what happens. Even though they also might have been in lost several times before they succeed. On the other hand, especially the famous people, their point of view and action have a great influence on us.For example, many celebrities devote themselves to charities, so their fans will engage in helping the drop-outs and help the old and lonely people.In a word, I want to restate that we should pay attention to famous people opinions because we can obtain inspiration or lesson from their experience.。

最新研究⽣学术英语写作教程Unit-3-Reviewing-Literature Unit 3 Reviewing LiteratureObjectives:- Learn how to formulate a research problem- learn how to cite other people’s previous work- Try to be critical and related in your reviewing- Avoid plagiarismContents- Reading and discussion: sample introduction and elements in literature review.- Language focus: tense in citation and citing verbs- Writing practice: information prominent citation, author prominent citation, and weak author prominent citation- Literature reviews related to your research- No plagiarism- Classroom extension: literature review of the social effects of tourism on developing countries1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskA literature review is not just a summary of what you have read. It focuses on a specific topic of interest to you and includes a critical analysis of relationship among different opinions and then relates this review to the work of your own. It may be written as a stand-alone paper or to provide a theoretical framework and rationale for a research study to become a part of the introduction section, especially in term papers or journal articles. However, in a thesis or dissertation it will be an entire chapter.Read the sample introduction below and think about the following questions:What is the purpose of writing a literature view?What elements does an introduction include?How do we relate other people’s previous work to our present research?How do we cite other people’s previous work?1.2 Reading PassageIntroductionThe poor have traditionally t aken the brunt of the blame for causing society’s many problems including, more recently, environmental degradation. There is a general consensus that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation. For example, in one of the conclusions of the Bruntland Commission Report, which incidentally has been accepted as the blue print for environmental conservation, it was explicitly stated that poverty is a major cause of environmental problems and amelioration of poverty is a necessary and central condition of any effective programs addressing the environment. Following similar lines, Jalal (2010), the Asian Development Bank's chief of the environment department says, "It is generally acceptedthat environmental degradation, rapid population growth and stagnant production are closely linked with the fast spread of acute poverty in many countries of Asia". The World Bank joined the consensus when in the 2011 World Development Report, the Bank explicitly stated that, “poor families who have to meet short term needs mine the natural capital by excessive cutting of trees for firewood and failure to replace soil nutrients ” (World Bank 2011).However, there has been a rising trend in the economic literature which disputes the conventional theory and argues that simple generalizations of this multi-dimensional problem are erroneous and that a more complex set of variables are in play (Leach and Mearns, 2012). These studies point to demographic, cultural, and institutional factors as important variables in the poverty-environmental degradation nexus. An intricate web of factors plus the existence of feedback loops from environmental degradation to poverty makes the process of identifying causality links,if any, between environmental degradation and poverty a difficult exercise. However, these studies have been few and isolated and it is interesting to note that until recently, there has been very little in-depth coordinated empirical research in the economics of environmental degradation-poverty causality relationships.This brings to the purpose of this study. Both poverty and environmental degradation have been increasing in many developing countries; hence there is a pressing need first to evaluate and analyze the poverty-environmental degradation nexus, and second, to prescribe policy options to mitigate or eradicate these two problems.The primary objective of the paper is to analyze critically the existing literature on the poverty-environmental degradation nexus and try to make "some order out of the chaos" inherent in this complex and difficult subject. For this paper, our analysis is limited to the following four main natural resources which are under serious threat of degradation in many developing countries: i) forests; ii) land; iii) water; and iv) air. Biodiversity is excluded at this point because the preliminary literature search found only scattered and inconclusive information. However, it should not be inferred that biodiversity is less important than the four resources chosen; indeed it is an area which needs particular attention in the future.Once the natural resource sectors have been identified, a cause, impact and feedback analysis is carried out. In this manner, we hope first to identify the main agents and the degree of their contribution towards the destruction of the environment and second, the incentives or motivating factors encouraging their unsustainable activities. The impact and feedback analysis should highlight the main impacts arising from the degradation activities and the socio-economic effect these impacts have across the various income groups in the economy.1.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1 List different opinions on poverty and environmental degradation/doc/b6fe811efc0a79563c1ec5da50e2524de518d0b3.html nguage Focus2.1Tense in citationPresent tense - Authors mostly use the present tense verbs to show their opinion on another person's research, relate what other authors say or discuss the literature, theoretical concepts, methods, etc. However, the simple past and present perfect are also possible verb forms in this case. Look at these examples in the present tense: ?Nelson (1995) remarksJones (2005) stressesMorison (2000) advocatesZhang (2007) claimsZhambhi (2008) arguesPast tense - When you use the past tense, the reporting verb often occurs as an integral citation. In other words, citations with past tense verbs and named researchers as subject seem to have the discourse role of providing particulars for recounting events, results found or a preceding generalization or the basis for a claim, etc. In the example below, the citation reports the results of a single study.Carlson and Benton (2007) found that as they increased the participants’stress levels, the results of their performance deteriorated.Common verbs in the past tense are: investigated, studied, compared, analyzed, found, and examined.Present perfect - The present perfect tense can be used to state that the research results are recent, expressing what has been found over an extended period in the past and up to the present to highlight the direct relevance of previous studies to the writer's own research. Look at the following example:Although the results of pervious studies showed that further research was warranted in this area, recent studies have demonstrated that educational methodology is now moving in a new direction (Jones, 2007; Karstal, 2008).2.1.1 Check the sample introduction and complete the following table.2.2Citing verbsIt is important that you learn how to cite information in a correct way. There are certain conventions to follow when citing someone’s work. Words like “say”,“tell”, and “ask” are normally used in oral conversation s but are not appropriate in formal academic writing. The following table illustrates some appropriate words to use for reporting the work of others.Verbs for sayingJalal (1993) claimsbelievesthinksassumesindicatesnotesremarksstatesshowspoints outthat …More Verbs for sayingJalal’s (1993) study suggestsconsidershypothesizesconcludescommentsemphasizesillustratesproposesestablishesmaintainsthat…Verbs responding to others’opinionsThe analysis of the Jalal’s report accepts admitsagreesdoubtsthat …deniesarguescomments Verbs for saying a second time Jalal (1993) further/additionally asserts explainsconfirmsmaintainsadvocatesthat …Poor patterns show that the writer has a mere grasp of the literature:Jalal (1993) says that …The Asian Development Bank (1992) states that … Leach and Mearns (1995) argue that …Better sample shows some critical thinking and sentence variety:Jalal (1993) reports that his study of … shows … The findings are supported by the Asian Development Bank (1992) replication of … Although both these studies focus on …. They have ignored … According to Leach and Mearns (1995), …2.2.2 Read three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. Use the verbs above to cite opinions on poverty and crime.3. Writing Practice3.1 Using referencesUse citation to develop your own argument.Below are examples of parts of paragraphs using three different citation methods (The references cited have been invented for demonstration purposes only). Thesemethods can be called information prominent, where the focus of the sentence is only on the information being presented; author prominent, where the name of the author of the information is given prominence in the sentence; and weak author prominent, where the ideas of author(s) are given prominence, but authors’ names do not appear in the main part of the sentence. Observe how the different methods contribute to the way in which the writer’s argument is developed.Information prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. The wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers (Smith, 2000).This is the default style in many areas of science. However, there are two other options, which should also be part of a writer’s repertoire, for use when appropriate. Author prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. Smith (2000) argued that the wool industry was experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers. However, Jones et al. (2004) found that industry difficulties were more related to quality of supply than to demand issues. It is clear that considerable disagreement exists about the underlying sources of these problems.Weak author prominent citationShrinking markets are also evident in other areas. As Smith (2000) pointed out, the wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibers.3.1.1 The following is a chart describing people living on less than 1.25 dollars.Look at the following chart and practice citing these figures by using three different types of citation.Figure: Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (% of population)Created By Swati Revankar from World Bank, 2012 Information prominent citationAuthor prominent citationWeak author prominent citation3.2 Relating literature to your researchIt is easy to write a bad literature review and difficult to write a good one. The main mistake that a lot of people make is to write a literature review that looks like this:LITERATURE REVIEWUntil recently many researchers have shown interest in the field of coastal erosion and the resulting beach profiles. They have carried out numerous laboratory experiments and field observations to illuminate the darkness of this field. Their findings and suggestions are reviewed here.JACHOWSKI (2008) developed a model investigation conducted on the interlocking precast concrete block seawall. After a result of a survey of damages caused by the severe storm at the coast of USA, a new and specially shaped concrete block was developed for use in shore protection. This block was designed to be used in a revetment type seawall that would be both durable and economical as well as reduce wave run-up and overtopping, and scour at its base or toe. It was proved that effective shore protection could be designed utilizing these units.HOM-MA and HORIKAWA (2008) studied waves forces acting on the seawall which was located inside the surf zone. On the basis of the experimental results conducted to measure waves forces against a vertical wall, the authors proposed an empirical formula of wave pressure distribution on a seawall. The computed results obtained by using the above formula were compared well with the field data of wave pressure on a vertical wall.SELEZOV and ZHELEZNYAK (2009) conducted experiments on scour of sea bottom in front of harbor seawalls, on the basis of the theoretical investigation of solitary wave interaction with a vertical wall using Boussinesque type equation. It showed that the numerical results were in reasonable agreement with laboratory experimental data.3.2.1 Consider again the purposes of writing a literature review. See if you can answer the following questions about the literature review above:1. What questions does this literature review answer?2. What questions doesn't it answer?3. Which method has the writer used to organize the literature review?4. Is it a good literature review? Why?3.3 Avoiding plagiarism3.2.1 Below are two versions of the same information, adapted from the Introduction by McNeill et al. (2007). Decide which version has the problem of plagiarism and identify where the writer has plagiarizedVersion 1:Russell and Fillery (2006), using a stem-feeding technique, have shown that in situ 15N-labelling of lupin plants growing in soil cores enabled total belowground N to be estimated under relatively undisturbed conditions, but they indicated that the technique was not adaptable to all plants, particularly pasture species.Version 2:Russell and Fillery (2006), using a stem-feeding technique, have shown that insitu 15N-labelling of lupin plants growing in soil cores enabled total belowground N to be estimated under relatively undisturbed conditions. However, this technique is not adaptable to all plants, particularly pasture species.4. Writing ProjectWrite a literature review for your research by the following steps:1. Problem formulation—which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?2. Literature search—finding materials relevant to the subject being explored3. Data evaluation—determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic4. Analysis and interpretation—discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature5. Relate the review to your research topicYou are preparing to write an essay entit led “The social effects of tourism on developing countries”. Read the following abstract and then try to write a literature review relating to the topic according to the above mentioned steps:AbstractTourism is the fastest growing industry internationally. Popular areas of study are the economic, environmental and sociocultural impacts of tourism in developing countries. Very few studies have been conducted on the impact of tourism on the hosts’ health status. Nowadays, the emergence of new infectious diseases or there-emergence of diseases are causing concern and travel is a major contributor to their spread. The objectives of this study were: to review literature related to the topic as a background for future research; to explore if findings from a field trip to Easter Island/Chile and Peru support the hypotheses derived from the analysis of publications; to recommend a range of research topics based on the outcome of this study; and to propose elements of a framework for the assessment of health impacts of tourism. The findings suggest that there are considerable gaps in the current knowledge on tourism’s health impacts. Potential indirect and direct health impacts have been identified. Workplace health and safety concerns in relation to local tourism employees have been raised. A wide range of research topics has been suggested based on these findings. Finally, elements of a possible framework for understanding tourism’s health impacts and their interrelationships have been identified.Sources from: Irmgard Bauer, THE JOURNAL OF TOURISM STUDIES Vol. 10, No. 1, MAY ‘99 115. Final ChecklistHere is a final checklist for writing Introduction (including literature review). Use it to check what you have written in the previous task.。

Unit 1Keys for 1.3.1, 1.3.2Developing an Academic Voice:Most inexperienced writers use only the voices within their experience. When there is narrow experience, there may be the use of inappropriate voice. Writers may resort to their casual voice, which is inappropriate for academic writing. Developing an appropriate voice in academic writing establishes authority and respect for the writer. An academic voice can be developed through understanding categories of voice, recognizing your writing voice, and learning voice changing strategies.Categories of Voice:-Formal voice is an informative voice used in analysis and critique.-Consultative voice is reserved for opinion, reaction, position, and persuasion papers. -Casual voice allows you to share personal knowledge and experience. This style is not appropriate for an academic paper unless expressly allowed by your professor (as in a personal narrative).Strategies for Changing your Voice:- Eliminate casual fillersEliminate words that are associated with casual style and are generally found in conversation. You can ensure you are using an academic voice by avoiding colloquial speech patterns in your writing.Example: “You know,” “well,” “now”- PersonCheck for the appropriate person for each style of paper. First and second person pronouns are sometimes applicable to the consultative voice, but not the formal. Be sure you are consistent with your usage throughout the paper.- Wordiness and Word ChoiceExpress ideas clearly and concisely by removing extraneous words that only provide confusion. Also, remove ambiguous words such as “very” or “great” and select words that provide specific definition.Keys for 2.1.1Key for 2.2A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses and can also indicate the relationship between the elements it connects. In only one single sentence we often find that it contains one or more ideas which may be equal or unequal in importance. When the ideas are equal, they are called coordinate ideas. These sentences may be joined into a compound sentence that shows the relationship between the two ideas. When this is done in such a way that the equality of the ideas is maintained, we call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.Keys for 3.11.Science magazine2.advertisement3.Hemingway’s short story: cat in the rain4. a research paper5. a newspaperKeys for 3.2Key for 3.3There appear to be two principal reasons for the growing traffic congestion. Firstly, public transportation has become increasingly expensive in relation to the falling cost of driving. In addition, car ownership is more convenient than using public transportation, together these factors result in higher vehicle density.。

Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息，哽住devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发，发送epiphany: n. understanding 理解forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造，铸造gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品，非常有用的人genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的，明白的，清醒的omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略，疏忽plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境，状态seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管，负责人treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌，叛国罪vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐，赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入，（使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A. is angry with his students.B. does not like his students forging excuse notes.C. blames the parents.D. teaches a successful writing class.2. Mikey missed school ____D____.A. because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB. because he did not like his teacherC. because his parents wanted him to be homeD. because he did not want to go to school3. When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A. very smart and imaginativeB. boredC. indifferentD. excited4. The principal of the school ____B____.A. blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B. praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C. was disappointed with the teacher.D. fired the teacher.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A. The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B. The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C. The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D. The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr. McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing. He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents. He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries. The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses. So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes. The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method. Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class. And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse. Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A. falseB. beautifulC. famousD. forged2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A. accuseB. abuseC. deduceD. excuse3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A. reckonedB. beckonedC. softenedD. stiffened4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A. withB. byC. beforeD. for5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A. lucidB. dullC. unclearD. ambiguous6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A. politeB. boringC. vulgarD. pleasant7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A. contributedB. tributeC. attributedD. distributed8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A. omitB. permitC. summitD. illuminate9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A. lightB. mightC. plightD. moonlight10. I have to __B___ my reputation.A. detectB. protectC. intactD. preventII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1. In the US. a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3. The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4. Can you turn this article into English?5. She took a glance at her watch.6. I know why this happened. You don't have to find any excuse.7. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8. This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9. Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10. Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文：1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条，很多是学生自己写的。

研究生学位英语作文模板IntroductionIn the realm of academia, the pursuit of a graduate degree is a testament to one's commitment to advancing knowledge and expertise in a chosen field. The English essay is a critical component of this journey, serving as a platform toarticulate thoughts, analyze concepts, and present research findings. This template provides a structured approach to crafting a compelling and well-organized essay that meets the academic standards of graduate-level work.Body Paragraph 1: Thesis Statement and Argument IntroductionBegin with a clear and concise thesis statement that encapsulates the central argument of your essay. This statement should be specific enough to guide the reader through your analysis without being so narrow as to limit the scope of your discussion. Following the thesis, provide a brief overview of the main points you will address in the subsequent paragraphs.Body Paragraph 2: Supporting Evidence and AnalysisIn this section, delve into the first piece of evidence that supports your thesis. Present the evidence in a clear and logical manner, ensuring that it is relevant and directly contributes to your argument. After presenting the evidence,analyze its significance and how it reinforces your thesis. Use academic citations to attribute the source of your evidence.Body Paragraph 3: Counterargument and RefutationNo argument is complete without considering potential counterarguments. Address the opposing viewpoints and provide a well-reasoned refutation that strengthens your own argument. This not only demonstrates a comprehensive understanding ofthe topic but also showcases your ability to critically evaluate different perspectives.Body Paragraph 4: Additional Supporting EvidenceContinue to build your case by presenting additionalsupporting evidence. As with the first piece of evidence, ensure that it is relevant and contributes to the overall strength of your argument. Analyze its impact and explain how it further substantiates your thesis.Body Paragraph 5: Conclusion of Supporting EvidenceConclude the body of your essay by summarizing the evidence and analysis presented in the previous paragraphs. This summary should highlight the coherence and strength of your argument, reinforcing the validity of your thesis.ConclusionIn the conclusion, restate your thesis and summarize the mainpoints of your essay. Reflect on the significance of your findings and their implications for the field of study. Offer suggestions for future research or practical applications, if appropriate. End with a thought-provoking statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.ReferencesList all the sources you have cited in your essay, following the citation style required by your academic institution or the specific publication guidelines you are adhering to.This template is designed to guide you through the process of writing a graduate-level English essay. Remember to tailor the content to fit the specific requirements of your assignment and to maintain a high standard of academic integrity throughout your work.。

考研英语1大作文When it comes to preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination, English can often be a challenging subject for many students. It requires not only a solid foundation of language skills but also the ability to apply those skills effectively in a variety of contexts.Firstly, let's talk about vocabulary. Building a robust vocabulary is essential for success in the exam. It's important to memorize new words regularly and understand how they are used in context. Reading widely and diversely can help expand your vocabulary, as well as improve your comprehension and reading speed.Next, we have grammar. Grammar is the backbone of English, and mastering it is crucial for scoring well on the exam. Understanding the basic rules and principles of grammar, such as sentence structure, tense, and agreement, will enable you to construct clear and accurate sentences. Regular practice with grammar exercises can help youinternalize these rules and apply them naturally in your writing.Reading comprehension is another key aspect of the exam. To excel in this section, it's important to develop good reading habits. This includes skimming the text to get an overall understanding, scanning for specific information, and reading carefully to understand the details. It's also helpful to practice with a variety。

考研英语1作文范文Unfortunately, I am unable to browse the internet and download specific articles or essays. However, I can provide you with a high-quality sample essay on the topic of "The Importance of Education" that can be useful for preparing for the English 1 exam of the postgraduate entrance examination. Please find the essay below:Title: The Importance of Education。

Introduction:Education plays a crucial role in shaping individuals, societies, and nations. It is the key to progress and development, fostering intellectual growth, and enabling individuals to achieve their full potential. This essay will discuss the significance of education in various aspects of life, including personal growth, societal advancement, and economic prosperity.Body Paragraph 1: Personal Growth。

Education is essential for personal growth and development. It equips individuals with knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities that are vital for success in various fields. Through education, individuals can broaden their horizons, explore new ideas, and enhancetheir intellectual capacity. Education not only imparts academic knowledge but also instills values, ethics, and discipline, shaping individuals into responsible and well-rounded citizens.Body Paragraph 2: Societal Advancement。

新的研究方法英语作文New Research Methods。

With the development of science and technology, new research methods have emerged, bringing about significant changes in the way we understand and explore the world. In this essay, I will discuss some of the most important new research methods and their impact on various fields of study.One of the most significant new research methods is big data analysis. Big data refers to the vast amount of information that is generated every day through various sources such as social media, online transactions, and scientific experiments. Big data analysis involves using advanced algorithms and tools to extract meaningfulinsights from this data. This method has revolutionized fields such as marketing, finance, and healthcare, enabling researchers to make more accurate predictions and decisions based on data-driven evidence.Another new research method that has gained popularity in recent years is machine learning. Machine learning involves training computer algorithms to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. This method has been applied in various fields such as image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous driving. Machine learning has the potential to transform many industries, making them more efficient, accurate, and cost-effective.Virtual reality (VR) is another new research methodthat has gained popularity in recent years. VR involves creating a simulated environment that can be experienced through a headset or other devices. This method has been applied in fields such as education, entertainment, and healthcare, providing immersive and interactive experiences that were previously impossible. VR has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn, entertain ourselves, and even treat mental health conditions.Finally, genetic engineering is another new researchmethod that has attracted significant attention in recent years. Genetic engineering involves manipulating the DNA of organisms to create new traits or modify existing ones.This method has been applied in fields such as agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology, enabling researchers to create new crops, cure diseases, and produce new materials.Genetic engineering has the potential to transform many industries, making them more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly.In conclusion, new research methods have brought about significant changes in various fields of study, enabling researchers to explore and understand the world in new ways. Big data analysis, machine learning, virtual reality, and genetic engineering are just a few examples of the many new research methods that are transforming our world. As these methods continue to evolve and improve, we can expect tosee even more exciting and innovative research in the future.。

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I really love doing research. It's so interesting to explore new things and discover answers.Sometimes I get stuck, but then I find a way through.It can be frustrating, but also rewarding.Going to the library is fun. I can find so many useful resources there.Presenting my work is nerve-wracking, but it's also a great chance to share what I've learned.Collaborating with others is awesome. We can learn from each other and come up with better ideas.。

Unit 1 Unsung HeroesThough appear in the different situations, there is a stand-in in almost every movie and teleplay. As some of the shot is very dangerous for actor‟s par t during the shooting, the crew will employ stand-in to prevent injury happening to the protagonist. Therefore, be a stand-in is a dangerous job and stand-in be injured in there job is not even news.Of course stand-in will be employed for other situations, such as when director hope there are two similar people appeared in the plot at the same time. You know that there is an actor looks very similar as Zhou Runfa if you had watch the movie named …Let the Bullets Fly‟.The actor is Wen Xiang,who is estimated by Zhou Runfa as that …He smiles so resemble as me‟. Andy‟s stand-in named Du Yiheng, whose expression, appearance or expression in his eyes are similar with Andy.But the man inside of the ring said: though their work is more dangerous than protagonists,their income is so few. They are not allowed to show their positive image to the audience, even not allowed to place their name in the table of actor. Even so, proxy actors love the job as usual. Due to their dedication, The protagonist become more brilliant and the drama become wonderful.Unit 2 CelebrityWhen famous people appears on TV advertisement, many people buy the commodities. When famous people give their opinions, many people listen. But, should we pay attention to these remarks or actions?Firstly, famous people are “famous”, for they have one or few aspects that exceed common people. Like Albert Einstein once said, “I think and think for months, for years, ninety-nine times the conclusion false, but the hundredth time I am right.” As a brilliant scientist, he speaks of the right attitudes towards science and inspires countless people to fight for the truth. Hollywood actors or actresses, they may talk about their dressing styles or skin cares on magazine. These are all advice that we might as well take, for real life is not just serious academic things but also the satisfaction of living.But the point is that, celebrities are not perfect role models for the public. Once I heard a story about Einstein, saying that he nearly got into the water when he once harassed a young lady and got refused when they were in a boat in a park. Is Einstein evil somehow? No! He‟s just being human. Then is it wrong to harass ladies? Yes. But all humans make mistakes. Celebrities are experts in certain areas but not all. In some other fields, they should even learn from us.Generally, there are two extremes when talking about celebrities: the public are either too critical or too superstitious. Objectively, both of the attitudes are unnecessary. As a Chinese saying which generalizes this situation the best goes: to take in the good, while to get rid of the bad.Unit 3 Man and DisasterHum an will be the face of disaster since the ancient times, there‟re not only natural calamities like floods and drought, but also man-made disaster like war and landslides.All kinds of disaster has brought great damage to people. We still remember the day clearly on May 12, 2008 when an earthquake occurred in wenchuan. Wenchuan razed to the ground in an instant by the disaster, which took away almost seventy thousand people‟s life and made countless families broken up.Except natural calamities, sometimes people made disaster themselves, such as March 11, 2011, the building of no. 1 reactor of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant exploded.The accident caused serious nuclear leak and direct economic loss of 20 trillion yen. A circle diameter 20 kilometers was delimited around the nuclear power plant, all the people inside were forced to evacuate and it become no man's land.We can see that whether natural or artificial disaster will bring huge losses to human beings. Only if we take a serious look at our own nature, fear-before natural and study the law of nature but not change the nature artificially, we will be able to reduce disaster and avoid the loss.Unit 4 A Stitch in Time Saves Nine.According to the article, the author argued that it‟s important to patching small things up. I agree with him.It is well-known of the saying that: A solid dyke can collapse because of an ant hole in it. It means if we did n‟t take notice at a small problem，it should become a big trouble, even sometimes a devastating damage and, therefore, we have to cost much more money and energy to solve it.As far as my knowledge is concerned, lots of couples divorced each other because of small problems such as whom to clean the room, whom to take care of the child, whom to cook dinner and so on. If they show more understanding and sympathy for each other, take more time for there family themselves but not complain, the family should avoid from broken.From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that a stitch in time saves nine.Unit 5 Career and InterestThe work is a part of life, every adult needs work. People generally believe that the ideal state of life is being able to do the job that you are interested in. But in real life, how many people are lucky enough to achieve the overlap between career and interest?Many people think that the job just a tool of breadwinner, it does not matter if you like it or not. As long as you earn a lot of money from the job, the work that they do not like or even hate is never mind. Some people believe that the employment situation is grim, that's pretty good if you can find a job. So you could n‟t require a work completely in line with your own interest.In my opinion, the work is not just a job, it should be a career to pursue. Only have great interest on it, we will have the power to do it better, and than we‟ll be abl e to realize the value of our life. And only loves the career, our life could be more fulfilling and happy. Therefore, to get a job according to our own interests, we need to study harder and make ourselves good enough to attract the recruiters.Unit 6 My View on Some Problems in China’s HigherEducationHigher education is an important way for Chinese culture of high-end talent. Every parent wants their children admitted to universities to study. However, a variety of problems of the higher education is emergence constantly.First is the issue of employment of university graduates, more and more graduates were unemployed. In order to avoid that, lots of them choose the Postgraduate examinations, Is that a good solution? I don‟t think so. Many gradua tes do not work hard at school can…t find the ideal job after graduation as before.Second, the practical ability of college students is penurious. University educations in the current emphasis on theory and contempt for practice, and neither do research after graduation nor adapt quickly to the practical work. Some graduates even can‟t do simple work like text printed. Any boss would not want such employees.In my opinion, the University should contact the entrepreneurs to train more graduates to adapt to the enterprises.At the same time to change the traditional closed-book examinations, great importance to examine the ability of students to analyze the problems rather than a simple recitation of knowledge.。