上海市各区2019年高三英语二模汇编最新最全----六选四--老师版(带答案已经校对)终结

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the __41__ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in __42__ the paths of storms.Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network __43__ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized __44__ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.These __45__ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. __46__, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will __47__ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. __48__, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail(冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is __49__ when severe weather is around.On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, __50__ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your __51__ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds,__52__ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado __53__. Meteorologistsin the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, __54__ which areas needed to be warned.Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek __55__ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.41.A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value42.A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding43.A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of44.A. structure B. system C. mode D. style45.A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics46. A. Most likely B. Most evidently C. Most interestingly D. Most importantly47.A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue48.A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary49.A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available50.A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending51.A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular52.A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular53.A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign54.A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending55.A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelterKeys:41-45: ACDBC 46-50: ADBAC 51-55: BDCADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Necessarily Considered BetterThe firm, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age: that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy __41__. Its fortunes started to __42__ with a series of expensive and much criticized purchases. By 2012 it had lost its position as the world’s leading supplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic __43__ was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggressive __44__.“I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterprise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n) __45__ set of objectives and business outcomes... I can already see the difference.” Ms Whitmann, who now heads the new spin-off, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already __46__ her performance. “One big change is it __47__ each of the divisions to pursue the strategy that is right for them. __48__ , there is ‘no way’ printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to buy Samsung’s printing business for $1bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not __49__ by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” Ms Whitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s __50__ HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mea n better seems __51__. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much smaller start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that __52__ equals success is being challenged. __53__ in 2014, eBay carved PayPal, the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says “Whether Uber, Airbnb, those same lessons __54__, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely __55__.”41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D. threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesomeKeys:41-45 CADBC 46-50 BABAD 51-55 CDCADⅢ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important __41__ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. __42__, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no—it’s actually __43__. Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data—e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions—has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is __44__ to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels. But free trade can also widen the __45__ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans—think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart—but it hasn’t always __46__ their job prospects. From 1990 to 2008, the areas most __47__ to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be _-48__ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always __49__ the losses. This realization that the tide of __50__ doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are __51__ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be __52__ about the future of globalization—at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business-- __53__ before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization couldflow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t __54__ as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing the political pendulum（钟摆）back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of __55__ than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43. A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44. A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45. A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46. A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47. A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48. A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49. A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50. A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51. A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52. A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53. A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54. A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55. A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassment Keys:41-45 C D B A D 46-50 B C D A C 51-55 A C D C BIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead; try it. She’ll tell you she’s ___41___. “Like cacti. And certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women. 42 , we think of them as ladies too. (In Old Norse, Siri transla tes to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory.”) We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold feminine turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally inane answers to our requests.If we prize gender diversity in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so_____43____? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female____44_____,” says Karl MacDorman, an associate professor at Indiana University who specializes in human-computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they _____45_____. The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. ____46_____, women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.Why the_____47____? Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass, who coauthored the field’s seminal book,Wired for Speech, wrote that people tend to perceive female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want ____48_____ to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to opt for a female interface.This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a _____49____ group of customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to _____50_____ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its ____51_____ of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assistant,Dom. He sounded like my high school English teacher—educated and helpful but not_____52_____. That’s about right for a brand attempting to ____53_____ guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you ____54____ a voice interface. Homer Simpson can tell you where to take a left on your GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to ___55_____. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful—and female—tone.41. A. robotic B. high-tech C. genderless D. creative42. A. Culturally B. Obviously C. Grammatically D. Undoubtedly43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D. reasonable44. A. charm B. researchers C. speech D. participants45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A. In practice B. On the contrary C. By this means D. At first47. A. neutrality B. prejudice C. authority D. conscience48. A. interaction B. technology C. personality D. society49. A. more sociable B. more talented C. broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B. develop C. admire D. suit51. A. market B. business C. research D. library52. A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A. appeal to B. look into C. meet with D. run after54. A. build B. tailor C. play D. improve55. A. repeat B. assist C. reprogram D. communicateKeys:41-45 CAACD 46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreKeys:41-45 BADAC 46-50 BBCAC 51-55 BDDBCⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 ,as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.Why now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public place, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance.Why 49 ?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why refuse?Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a publicapology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .41. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally42. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different43. A. individual B. company C. family D. society44. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives45. A. urgent B. possible C. necessary D. simple46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully47. A. faithful B. trusty C. immediate D. public48. A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive49. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore50. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification51. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire52. A. attempt B. involve C. commit D. avoid53. A. financially B. professionally C. academically D. physically54. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination55. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy\Keys:41-45 .BDABA 46-50 . CDCAB 51-55. CDBBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be 41 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human 42 into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s n ecessary to translate our morals into AI language. 43 , if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the44 children. “You would want that robot 45 with a good set of valu es,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a46 distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a 47 brought-up person would do.It will be possible to48 more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are 49 .The biggest 50 with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will 51 some kind of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) 52 situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for 53 from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in 54 , and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules. But if we 55 an answer, robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up withKeys:41-45 ADBDA 46-50 ACDAC 51-55 DCBBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The announcement came the day before Thanksgiving, but there was nothing in it to be __41__ for: An experimental Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症) drug many thought would slow the disease’s steady cognitive decline had failed to make a __42__ difference in a massive trial of people with early signs of the illness.Marty Reiswig took the news __43__ .“I was just sad,” he says. “I was really hopeful that it would be life-changing for us.” He doesn’t have Alzheimer’s disease, but he is part of a large __44__ family that’s been bothered by Alzheimer’s for generations. His family has a genetic mutation (变异) that means its carriers will develop Alzheimer’s at a much __45 __ age, usually 30 years earlier than those without the mutation. But there’s also a chance his monthly infusions (输液) include a drug that could __46__ him, his family members and others like them from losing loved ones to Alzheimer’s.The key is early interference, before symptoms are __47__ and brain damage is too extensive. “That’s how you stop the disease,” says Rud y Tanzi, director of the Genetics and Aging Research Unit at Massachusetts General Hospital. “You don’t wait.” The attempt to prevent Alzheimer’s rather than treating it is the most exciting new development in decades. Traditionally, drug companies have __48__ their therapies on patients who already have memory loss, trouble thinking and other signs of dementia (痴呆). It’s been a __49__method. More than 99 percent of all Alzheimer’s drugs have failed tests in the clinic, and the few that have made it to the market only improve some __50__. Not a single medicine has been shown to slow the continuous progression of the disease.__51__, with this new approach, even partial success —an appreciable slowing of brain degeneration —could have a big impact, says Dr. Reisa Sperling, who directs the Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. If a drug therapy can __52__ the attack of dementia by five or ten years, she says, “many more people would die of ballroom dancing __53__ in nursing homes.”Developing drugs to prevent Alzheimer’s disease could be a discovery of Nobel proportions. There is no __54__ that the current trials will succeed, but researchers believe they are gettingclose to __55__ what had, until recently, seemed to be on e of medical research’s toughest challenges.41. A. important B. thankful C. hateful D. precious42. A. significant B. racial C. slight D. psychological43. A. happily B. peacefully C. hardly D. hard44. A. extended B. nuclear C. expanding D. single45. A. maturer B. younger C. older D. elder46. A. save B. cure C. stop D. avoid47. A. vague B. tremendous C. unpleasant D. evident48. A. reported B. tested C. established D. invented49. A. losing B. decreasing C. winning D. dropping50. A. symbol B. sign C. symptom D. signal51. A. Additionally B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. However52. A. push on B. push around C. push back D. push forward53. A. instead of B. in the end C. in all D. except for54. A. doubt B. guarantee C. denying D. possibility55. A. meeting B. facing C. accepting D. solving[来源学_科Keys:41-45 BADAB 46-50 CDBAC 51-55 DCABDIII. Reading Comprehension。

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 for Mult inational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local 35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.KEYS: 31-35 D H K I J 36-40 F C E G ASection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why India's Pink City' is a Photographer's HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India's wonders. It ___31_____ some of the country's most decorative royal palaces-elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several ____32___ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron (网格状) city planning.A romantic dusty pink type-which has _____33____ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink towel come Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert-gives Jaipur its ___34_______ as the "Pink City". This ___35_____beauty is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair-who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them-said that the images they ____36_____in Jaipur received a lot of response online. "A lot of our followers hadn't seen this side of India, so we're happy we were able to show this side of the country." Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city's most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its building s. “The first gate you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different ______37____ of the color-from bright pinks to reddish browns."The building is a(n) _____38_____ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal womento observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng's most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building's lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different ______39____ to editing than with images of other cities. "I toned down my usual editing process because the pink was so bright in reality," he said, "I wanted the photos to _____40__the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone."Keys: 31-35 H E F K B 36-40 C J G A ISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us tofind the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far more important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mex ican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.KEYS: 31-35 K H J A B 36-40 F I D G ESection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far betterthan This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to writehim a lengthy, careful_ 38 .of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.KEYS: 31-35 I C F K E 36-40 J D A G HSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.KEYS: 31-35: J G B A K 36-40: D H F C ISection BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whether you're trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo (班卓琴) song, you' re probably 31 following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we're taught using the "blocking" strategy. This instructs us to go over a singleneurological(神经学的) 33 show that an up and coming learning method called "interleaving" improves our ability to keep and any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it 34 the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you 35 it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple 36 skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to 37 how your brain processes new your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn't get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to 38 focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn't cut any comers, so your brain is always on 39 . Think of thedifference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one 40 over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.KEYS: 31-35 C F G K H 36-40: A E I D JSection BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturallycautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."Keys: 31-35 E G A J F 36-40 K C D I HSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfall events linked t o global warming continue to upset our daily weather,we often forget they also ____31____ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ____32_____ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list. Indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ____33____ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to _____34____ the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and _____35____ rain . However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be ____36____ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures sap more moisture from from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut plants grow best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree the climate of the future will be the ____37____, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the dry ____38____caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the _____39_____ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) be ____40____ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate(硫酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.KEYS: 31-35 FKABH 36-40 GCEIJSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in LiteratureBob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American 31 the prize.Dylan earned the prize “song tradition,”decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.The win comes as something of a(n) 33 . As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best 34 . And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the American s’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol(偶像),”the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision:“He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.Keys: 31-35. A D D A D 46-50: C B B C ASection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditionalfocus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.Keys: 31-40: E J K B A 36-40: D I G H CSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Keys: 31-35 I C F K E 36-40 J D A G HSection BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.Can Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Luz Claudio, a p rofessor of environmental medicine and public health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the real world — in your home or in your office space — the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greater effect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.Keys: 31-35: E D J A B 36-40: K I F C GSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Parents have been concerned about their kids’use of technology since the dawn of technology—or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up___31___to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that 50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech__32___. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly__33___hold on all of us ---and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gats, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora’s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology. I wasn’t prepared for its effect on my kids.” She wrote. “Phones and apps aren’t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don’t’ yet have the emotional tools to deal with life’s complication and 34 , they can add to the difficulties of growing up.”A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th and 12th graders in the U. S. between 1991-2016, and __35___markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem,。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work.(21)______ you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both, it’s extremely challenging to lose those pounds and then to keep them off. Sometimes it can involve (22)_______ (change) huge parts of your day-to-day life and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there’s one little thing you (23)_______ do to help you achieve your goal and it’s got nothing to do with food or exercise. The experts at Weight Wat chers did research which shows many of their members were more successful and (24)_______ (discouraged) when they shared regular updates on their new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary of their daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired by positive feedback (25)______ they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss community was crucial when it came (26)______ changing their eating habits and 53 per cent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge under their belts, Weight Watchers (27)______ (launch) a series of short films lately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and her video shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats, while (28)______ (play) with her children.The company’s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said: “The support of a community has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits, but there has never been an easier or more affordable way (29)______ (tap) into the power of the crowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online communities. Weight Watchers owns a social community for members, Connect, (30)______ sees over 14,000 daily posts in the UK alone, and provides our members with instant access to a community of people who are on similar journeys to them.Keys: 21. Whether 22. changing 23. can 24. less discouraged 25. that26. to 27. has launched 28. playing 29. to tap 30. whichⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome’s report “Limits to Growth” warned that if economic growth continued fast without regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century. Yet that is essentially (21)______ has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows —and the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states —the world (22)______ well be headed towards disaster.Many wrongly (23)______(interpret) the “Limits to Growth” as an attack on u ncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that (24)______ the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) (25)______ (preserve) the planet’s limited life-support systems.This argument (26)______ (ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and increasing wealth. (27)______ it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of the planet.As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity — in particular, economic activity — has been the dominant factor (28)______(influence) Earth’s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planet’s life-support system is changing faster than ever.Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2°C warmer than pre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward“Hothouse Earth” — a situation (29)______ temperatures are many degrees warmer than today, sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weather events are (30)______(common) — and more destructive — than ever.Keys:21. what 22. may/might 23. interpreted 24. if 25. to preserve 26. has been ignored 27. But 28. influencing 29. where 30. more common/commonerSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced by Amazon. This year Saint Loui s University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room (21) _______ its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the football teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuir e said: “Instead of searching on the Internet while I (22) _______ (tap) away at my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular（分子的）weight of water? And I can have the answer without (23) _______(interrupt) my process.” That’s e xactly (24) _______ school officials had in mind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract (25)_______ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom,” David Hakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for the information online is another minute (26) _______ (commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. (27) _______ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technologyto students. This year Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places (28) _______ _______ _______ students could get answers to common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way (29) _______ will build an ecosystem. (30) _______ supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU. Keys:21. on 22. am tapping 23. interrupting 24. what 25. are driven26. committed 27. to include 28. in order that 29. that/which 30. ItII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To any soldierI served as a second lieutenant(少尉) in a war thirty years ago. Married for only a year and a half, I missed my wife and baby daughter a lot. In the years before cell phones and Wi-Fi, we had limited opportunities (21) _______(communicate) with loved ones.One night while sitting by myself, I investigated the “Any Soldier” mailbox, a cardboard box with letters and packages from Americans. I chose one shoebox-size package. Inside I found about 20 greeting cards (22) _______ children. At the bottom was a letter written by their teacher (23) _______ (explain) how her kids had put the box together and how they supported our efforts in the war. Truly touched at that moment by this gesture, I decided to write a letter of gratitude. I thanked the teacher for (24) _______ her children had done---its impact on my patriotism, my morale, and, (25) _______ (significantly), my uplifted faith. For security reasons, I was able to sign only my name.Around 2013, I received a Facebook friend request from a woman with (26) _______ Ireplied that (27) _______ we were friends, I could not accept her request. “Are you Second Lieutenant Bartholomew?” I replied that I had been at one time.“Dear sir,” she wrote. “We have never met, but thirty years ago I was a second-grade teacher at a school in Ohio and our classroom sent a car package (28) _______ (address) to ‘Any Service Member.’ The thank-you letter you composed was framed and it (29) _______ (post) on the wall of the school for more than 20 years. I wanted to again thank you for your service to our country. We never spoke again, but this gracious teacher strengthened my belief in doing what my mother always taught me: Write thank-you notes---(30) _______ never know how many people your kindness can touch.Keys: 21. to communicate 22. from 23. explaining 24. what 25. (the) most significantly 26. whom 27. unless 28. addressed 29. has been posted/ was posted 30. youII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate (21) _______ (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, (22) _______ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords (23) _______ (promote) Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries— quite a leap from its humble beginnings.In its early years, the book set its sights on (24) _______ (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But notjust any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period (25) _______ some of the remarkable Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people (26) _______ chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled（用真假嗓音交替唱）non-stop for ten and a quarter hours.In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer (27) _______ (restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion（燃烧）engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled (28) _______ a beard.Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records (29) _______ (evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be (30) _______ (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.Keys:21. concerning 22. what 23. to promote 24. satisfying 25. that26. a 27. restricted 28. with 29. has evolved 30. more likelyⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Rhiannon Lambert, who treats about 180 clients a year with various kinds of eating disorders, says the number of those caused by “clean eating” (21) ______ (double) in the past three yea rs. “They develop particular habits, or won’t eat food when walking, because they think that food can only be eaten when they (22) ______ (seat),” she said.Clean eating is promoted by some food bloggers, who are increasingly thought by a number of medical experts to be having a bad influence on young people today. “Young people lose this and cannot afford the lifestyle needed to follow it,” Lambert said. Health bloggers (23)______ not have enough knowledge but offer dangerous advice. These people are now role models (24) ______ word will inspire young people. I have clients who think they have to be a strict vegetarian to be successful. The extreme form of this is known as orthorexia nervosa (健康食品强迫症).Ursula Philpot, a dietitian at the British Dietetic Ass ociation, said, “It is difficult to blame them completely. If it weren’t the bloggers, then it could be (25) ______ else. Orthorexia affects more girls than boys, although boys are much more affected than girls.” Philpot said, “At the top of most people’s lists of bad foods includes gluten(麸质) and dairy. (26) ______ you talk to young people more, you will find some of them worry all day about eating a biscuit.”The condition starts out as an attempt (27) ______ (eat) more healthily, but those who experienc e it fully focus on food quality and purity. “There may be several reasons for someone to take up clean eating,” Philpot said. “Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses and their causes are complex. Research is telling us that they may be more biologically based than we thought, (28) ______ social and environmental factors also play a part in their development.”Deanne Jade, the founder of the National Centre for Eating Disorders, said, “A lot of young people don’t think they need treatment and there a re too many messages in the media. What worries me is that a lot of people (29) ______ (promote) these ideas have no knowledge of nutrition. I don’t know what the solution is, but in many cases, getting people to recover from an eating disorder means (30) ______ (get) them to relax their ideas about clean eating.”Keys:21. has doubled 22. are seated 23. may / might 24. whose 25. someone 26. When / If 27. to eat 28. but/ although / though 29. promoting 30. gettingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Make the Most of Your Lunch HourShould you grab a bite at your desk or eat with yo ur colleagues? That depends on what’s on your agenda for the rest of the day.Lunch hours (21) ______ (get) shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of today’s working world. With fewer employees (22) _______(ask) to accomplish more in a day, many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are debatable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, they found those who ate lunch together showed a decline (23) _______their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, (24) _______the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant.What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongest influence on cognitive control-- was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant environment (25) _______other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?(26) _______ factor was responsible, the group that took a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal outside the office with a friend appears to have a (27) ______ (calm) effect, and while it reducesintellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which (28) _______be an important feature of some work tasks.But don’t feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out (29) ______since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position (30) ______ (think) creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches.Keys:21.are getting 22. asked 23. in 24. while 25.where 26.Whichever/Whatever 27.calming 28. can/may 29. that 30.to thinkII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress (21) _________ (capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the (22) _________ (influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years (23) _________(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands (24) _________the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. (25) _________Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time (26) _________ (devote) to Lawrence and herdress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior.(27) _________the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits (28) _________(total)165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, (29) _________success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to (30) _________(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.Keys:21 was captured 22 most influential 23 to come 24. beyond 25 Although26 devoted 27 How 28 totaled 29 whose 30 bettingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New “Star Wars” Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2019 The galaxy (银河系) that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced “Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge”, a highly (21)_______ (expect) themed land under construction, would open in summer 2019 at California’s Disneyland and in late fall 2019 at Florida’s Disney World.(22)_______the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land would open soon.No specific date (23)_______(announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summer openings are any indication, “Galaxy’s Edge” is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney’s (24)(big) “single-themed land expansion” ever,according to Disney CEO Bob Iger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩). A copy of the Millennium Falcon spaceship, (25) guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy’s Edge will immerse(使沉浸于) visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26)_______ (transport) them to a never-before-seen Star Wars planet—a remote trading port largely ignored by warring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27)_______ Star Wars characters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions: (28)________ allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders into the middle of a battle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy’s Edge (29)_______ (approach), Disneyland is making changes, both large and small, in advance. Recent projects have shifted queues for “Dumbo the Flying Elephant” and “It’s a Small World”. These are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similar changes have been made in Adventureland (30)________ (ease) congestion points. Work has started on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest Café, ESPN Zone and AMC Theaters to make room.Keys:21. expected 22. Until/Before 23. was announced 24. biggest 25. which 26. transporting 27. where 28. one 29. approaches/is approaching 30. to easeII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Going out to Sun Peaks for FunW e went looking for some family ski fun, not too far from greater V ancouver, and we found it and more at Sun Peaks resort, (21) (locate) just 20 minutes outside of Kamloops. Pulling into the village, you feel like you’ve come along a mountainside wonderland (22)_______ two hills. Right away you feel at peace in the mountains.Sun Peaks has two mountains for skiing and boarding, with lots of lift and capacity (23)_______(get) you around. Most accommodations throughout the village are ski-in/ ski-out, so you can park your car once and walk or ski (24)_______ you need to go. Morrisey is on one side, and Todd Mountain on the other, connected by trails and a covered bridge, with skiable ground second in Canada only to Whistler. There is (25)_______for everyone, from snow flying saucer and snowmobile, to mini golf and jungle live CS. During the two days of skiing on the holiday, we never met more than five minutes of lineup, and many times we (26)_______ (run) ourselves with fresh powder.Tubing is right there at the bottom of the main ski hill, perfect for parents who want to have some drinks at Bottoms Bar & Grill (27)_______ the kids keep the fun going into the evening. The village is small and quite, so the kids (28)_______have a lot of freedom to run around and play.Bring your skates! There is an NHL-sized outdoor rink (溜冰场), just a 10 minute walk from the main village. Skate rentals are available, and you can join a game of drop-in hockey, or enjoy a family skate during one of the open ice times (29)________ go well into the evening, under the stars. Check with guest services to see if the rink is open, since it is weather dependent.In the summertime at Sun Peaks, the chairlifts switch up to accommodate mountain bikes and hikers. Downhill biking trails create adventure for those (30)_______ (look) for excitement, and the golf course at Sun Peaks provides hours of great scenic links.Keys:21. located 22. between 23. to get 24. where 25. something26. ran 27. while 28. can 29. that/which 30. lookingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to Learn How to SortWhatever we don’t want ---- no matter whether it’s eggshells,newspapers, soda cans or old socks ---- it’s all garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be (21) _______wrong with that. But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?China (22) _______ (promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn’t sunk-in. Shenzhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be fined up to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish(23) _______specific groups.“It’s evident that the government is determined to push this forward,” said Zhang Ning, a program officer (24) _______(serve) in a Beijing-based public welfare organization. “But I’m afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing severe punishments.”A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don’t know how to sort garbage, (25) _______45.5percent just can’t be bothered to do it.“Lots of citizens(26) _______(co nfuse)about what’s recyclable and what’s general waste. For example, it’s scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it’s too moisture-prone and usually too polluted(27) _____ (recycle).” said Zhang, a representative.According to Zhang, 70 perc ent of garbage is a“(28) _______(misplace)resource”. For instance, a ton of test steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.But all of this is based on the condition(29) _______the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households(30) _______the sorting process initially starts ---- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following efforts go in vain.Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called “garbage”, do it in the right way.Keys21.nothing 22. has promoted/ has been promoting 23. into 24. serving25. while 26. are confused 27. to be recycled 28. misplaced 29. that 30. where。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——六选四1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be答案：67-70 EBDFLife on a ShipWe three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway (舷梯) of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone.(67) _____________________ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your head, you always look neat!”Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. (68) _____________________ “Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door.Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!” (69) _____________________ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water.Claudine became alarmed. “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Rei ne had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. (70) ____________________ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.答案：67-70 BECDMany people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What man y people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. (67) __________________________________Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. (68) ______________________________ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. (69) ________________________________Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. (70) _______________________________ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.Losing Touch with Nature May Make You SickFor something that’s not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder (NDD) has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005. Writer Richard Louv came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. __________67_________Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spend most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. __________68_________ Nevertheless, they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being glued to a smartphone. What’s more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system.According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. __________69_________ Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, and doing other activities, Louv said. He added that children learn many important and practical skills while interacting with nature, like risk-taking, independence, and decision-making. __________70__________5Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. 69 So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.Spacewalk!Most people don’t know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EV A) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.67 In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. 68 Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EV As. 69 On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon’s surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walk ing. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles(颗粒)left over from the numerous meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon. 70 When astronauts would leave the moon’s gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut’s eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! 67Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam.68Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well.Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization?69 If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. 70 If you don’t know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!答案：67-70 FBADCan just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. 67 . Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you'll want to keep going.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup?Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You couldpick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. 68 .Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks.69 . By letting them "borrow"your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included.You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that's what communities are for!70 . Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.答案：67-70 BDCFVenice CarnivalThe annual V enice Carnival is in full swing, with thousands of revelers (狂欢者) gathering the city's canals and squares in elaborate costumes and extraordinary masks. (67) ______The Carnevale di Venezia is thought to date back to the 11th century, making it one of the world’s oldest. Carnivals are held in many Catholic countries, such as Spain and Brazil, where they serve as a last chance to eat, drink and be merry before the deprivations of Lent, the 40 days of fasting（斋戒）that precede Easter.It is thought that the masks allowed Venetians to hide their identities, allowing the poor to mix with the wealthy, breaking strict social order, even if only for a brief and controlled period.(68) ______ The theme of Carnival 2019 is “Tutta colpa della Luna,”or “Blame the moon,” marking a half-century since man first walked on the satellite.To prevent overcrowding, authorities have installed turnstiles at the entrances to the historic St. Marks’ Square, closing it off to new visitors once 23,000 revelers have entered. Costumed revelers are also searched as they enter the square.Venice is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. (69)______ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Although most visitors stick to the traditional Carnival costumes of baroque gowns and bejeweled masks for women and black capes and threatening masks for men, more and more people are opting for their own unique interpretations.Some visitors use Carnival as an opportunity to show off a fantastic creation they've always dreamed of wearing. It doesn't have to be Venetian. (70) ______ At Carnival, everybody is free to be who--or what--they want to be. Perhaps a different gender-- or even species. That's the joy of the mask--nobody knows who or what the person wearing it was before Carnival.答案：67-70 BACEMeal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is aproblemHome delivery meal kits can slash(大幅削减) food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentallyfriendly._______67________ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals that are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy and you have less food waste. Y ou fine-tune the portions to what people will actuallyeat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane(甲烷) thatcontributes to climate change. _______68________ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1bntonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips tothesupermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. _______69________ The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. _______70________ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get somebenefits.答案：67-70 EFCBRecently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a jaguar (美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She’s fine—so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year, a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ______67_______ Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It’s common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It’s why zoos have barriers —sometimes multiple walls — to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage.“Y et animals have become less real to us,” says an environmentalist.W e see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ______68_______ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like “Lion Whisperer” Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the messag e that these animals aren’t so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Y our self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ______69_______People’s care less approach can put the animal’s safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space.In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ______70_______ With the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.答案：67-70 EACFA problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. __67__The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. __68__ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. __69__ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.__70__ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.答案：67-70 DFACIf you shower before bed, you’ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “(67)______” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaff ner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.(68)______Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds (哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms.(69)______ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “(70)______”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.答案：67-70 FEACThe North StarAmong the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. (67) __________. Therefore, it is a great compass（指南针）.When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude（纬度）. As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. (68) _____________To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.(69)_____________.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidentalwrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.(70)___________. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.答案：67-70 FCDADecades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored(指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _______67_______ We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._______68_______ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _______69_______By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _______70_______ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles — including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death — police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.答案：67-70 FBEA。

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O’Brien’s study indicates it’s human nature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive futureplans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation （退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world o n a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also c elebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health,and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Keys:Socializing with people is believed to be the key to happiness, but more people are suffering from loneliness/isolation. According to a study, loneliness peaks in three age stages. Lack of social contact caused by modern lifestyles/convenience makes people feel lonely. As loneliness affects health seriously, it’s necessary to try to reduce it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, littleevidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.Keys:Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it’s unfair to punish those parents without fault in their children’s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn’t control their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned fro m school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.Keys:Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is paren ts’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution(高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.Keys:Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.Keys:Gardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength.Besides，gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, i t’s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.Keys:Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. Theresponsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additi onal workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding As one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability throughprofessional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.Keys:Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. Luckily, some people and organizations have realized its value and are making joint efforts to save it, including UNESCO.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China’s National TreasurePandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white. Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function; digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose （纤维素）, and most animals can’t digest it except giant pandas.Th e giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protectingbiodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow.With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.Keys:The reasons why giants pandas become national treasures are as follows. First, giant pandas are scarce, becoming the most valuable animals in the world. Second, giant pandas are living fossils with important scientific value in studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Finally, giant pandas have become a symbol of friendship between China and foreign people.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Unfair ComparisonsThanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeC hat friends’updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,”Steer s said.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons(to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.KeysSocial media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.。

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 for Mult inational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local 35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.KEYS: 31-35 D H K I J 36-40 F C E G ASection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why India's Pink City' is a Photographer's HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India's wonders. It ___31_____ some of the country's most decorative royal palaces-elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several ____32___ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron (网格状) city planning.A romantic dusty pink type-which has _____33____ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink towel come Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert-gives Jaipur its ___34_______ as the "Pink City". This ___35_____beauty is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair-who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them-said that the images they ____36_____in Jaipur received a lot of response online. "A lot of our followers hadn't seen this side of India, so we're happy we were able to show this side of the country." Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city's most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its building s. “The first gate you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different ______37____ of the color-from bright pinks to reddish browns."The building is a(n) _____38_____ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal womento observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng's most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building's lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different ______39____ to editing than with images of other cities. "I toned down my usual editing process because the pink was so bright in reality," he said, "I wanted the photos to _____40__the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone."Keys: 31-35 H E F K B 36-40 C J G A ISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us tofind the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far more important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mex ican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.KEYS: 31-35 K H J A B 36-40 F I D G ESection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far betterthan This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to writehim a lengthy, careful_ 38 .of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.KEYS: 31-35 I C F K E 36-40 J D A G HSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.KEYS: 31-35: J G B A K 36-40: D H F C ISection BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whether you're trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo (班卓琴) song, you' re probably 31 following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we're taught using the "blocking" strategy. This instructs us to go over a singleneurological(神经学的) 33 show that an up and coming learning method called "interleaving" improves our ability to keep and any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it 34 the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you 35 it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple 36 skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to 37 how your brain processes new your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn't get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to 38 focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn't cut any comers, so your brain is always on 39 . Think of thedifference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one 40 over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.KEYS: 31-35 C F G K H 36-40: A E I D JSection BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturallycautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."Keys: 31-35 E G A J F 36-40 K C D I HSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfall events linked t o global warming continue to upset our daily weather,we often forget they also ____31____ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ____32_____ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list. Indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ____33____ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to _____34____ the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and _____35____ rain . However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be ____36____ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures sap more moisture from from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut plants grow best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree the climate of the future will be the ____37____, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the dry ____38____caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the _____39_____ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) be ____40____ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate(硫酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.KEYS: 31-35 FKABH 36-40 GCEIJSection BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in LiteratureBob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American 31 the prize.Dylan earned the prize “song tradition,”decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.The win comes as something of a(n) 33 . As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best 34 . And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the American s’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol(偶像),”the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision:“He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.Keys: 31-35. A D D A D 46-50: C B B C ASection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditionalfocus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.Keys: 31-40: E J K B A 36-40: D I G H CSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Keys: 31-35 I C F K E 36-40 J D A G HSection BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.Can Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Luz Claudio, a p rofessor of environmental medicine and public health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the real world — in your home or in your office space — the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greater effect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.Keys: 31-35: E D J A B 36-40: K I F C GSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Parents have been concerned about their kids’use of technology since the dawn of technology—or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up___31___to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that 50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech__32___. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly__33___hold on all of us ---and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gats, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora’s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology. I wasn’t prepared for its effect on my kids.” She wrote. “Phones and apps aren’t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don’t’ yet have the emotional tools to deal with life’s complication and 34 , they can add to the difficulties of growing up.”A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th and 12th graders in the U. S. between 1991-2016, and __35___markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem,。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.If you shower before bed, you’ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “___67___” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter month s. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.___68___ Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds(哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. ___69___ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “___70___”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.Keys: 67-70 FEACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ___67___Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ___68___Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ___69___ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.___70___ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.Keys: 67-70 EBDFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Meal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is a problem Home delivery meal kits can slash（大幅消减）food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.___67____ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals t hat are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy and you have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people will actually eat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane（甲烷）that contributes to climate change. ___68____ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ____69___The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. ___70___ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.Keys: 67-70 EFCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Spacewalk!Most people don’t know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.___67___ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ___68___ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. ___69___ On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon’s surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒)left over from the numerous meteorite(陨石) strikes on the moon. ___70___ When astronauts would leave the moon’s gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate eq uipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut’s eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.Keys: 67-70 FCABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. ___67___Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. ___68___ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s beca use the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. ___69___Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said MarcoCastronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. ___70___ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.Keys: 67-70 FBDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! 67Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for alicensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam. 68 Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization? ___69___ If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. 70 If you don’t know w hat career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!Keys: 67-70 FBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Venice CarnivalThe annual Venice Carnival is in full swing, with thousands of revelers (狂欢者) gathering the city's canals and squares in elaborate costumes and extraordinary masks. (67) ______ The Carnevale di Venezia is thought to date back to the 11th century, making it one of the world’s oldest. Carnivals are held in many Catholic countries, such as Spain and Brazil, where they serve as a last chance to eat, drink and be merry before the deprivations of Lent, the 40 days of fasting（斋戒）that precede Easter.It is thought that the masks allowed Venetians to hide their identities, allowing the poor to mix with the wealthy, breaking strict social order, even if only for a brief and controlled period.(68) ______ The theme of Carnival 2019 is “Tutta colpa della Luna,”or “Blame the moon,”marking a half-century since man first walked on the satellite.To prevent overcrowding, authorities have installed turnstiles at the entrances to the historic St. Marks’Square, closing it off to new visitors once 23,000 revelers have entered. Costumed revelers are also searched as they enter the square.Venice is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. (69)______ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Although most visitors stick to the traditional Carnival costumes of baroque gowns and bejeweled masks for women and black capes and threatening masks for men, more and more people are opting for their own unique interpretations.Some visitors use Carnival as an opportunity to show off a fantastic creation they've always dreamed of wearing. It doesn't have to be Venetian. (70) ______ At Carnival, everybody is free to be who--or what--they want to be. Perhaps a different gender-- or even species. That's the joy of the mask--nobody knows who or what the person wearing it was before Carnival.Keys: 67-70 BACEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___ Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Gettinglikes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___ with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.Keys: 67-70 EACFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ___69___ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.Keys: 67-70 D BCEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway （舷梯）of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone. ___67___ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your he ad, you always look neat!”Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. ___68___ ”Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door.Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!”___69___ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water.Claudine became alarmed, “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Reine had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. ___70___ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.Keys: 67-70 BCEDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The North StarAmong the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. ___67___. Therefore, it is a great compass（指南针）.When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude（纬度）. As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. ___68___To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things. ___69___.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidentalwrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.___70___. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.Keys 67-70 FCDAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Losing Touch with Nature May Make You SickFor something that’s not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder (NDD) has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005. Writer Richard Louv came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. ___67___Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spend most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. ___68____ Nevertheless, they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being glued to a smartphone. What’s more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system.According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. ___69___ Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, anddoing other activities, Louv said. He added that children learn many important and practical skills while interacting with nature, like risk-taking, independence, and decision-making. ___70___Keys: 67-70 DFABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ___67___ The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. __68__ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with“high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ___69___ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.___70___ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.Keys: 67-70 DFACIII. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored (指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _____67_____We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._____68_____ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _____69_____By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _____70_____ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles —including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death —police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——六选四1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental, eco-or green gentrification.C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.D.This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, inexchange for developer-funded cleanup.E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?We’ve written about what we call the “parks, cafes and a riverwalk” model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. 67 Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. 68Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. 69 And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.70 It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.答案：67-70 EBDF难度：偏难本文为说明文。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机) hold huge ___41___ in the fight to save the world’s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researchers can now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It’s estimated that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade ___42___ to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to ___43___ the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的) species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help ___44___: drones can circle high above the ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species.According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changing how preservation research is done —but it’s in a(n) ___45___ way. As technology gets better and cheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. ___46___, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university ___47___. Some teach drone surveying methods in depth while others don’t even mention them. “The fact is, using drones is quite a(n) ___48___ to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) ‘unknown’ of engineering, and potentially an area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet,” Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. “Students are tau ght about ___49___ technologies such as automatic sound recorders, but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly ____50____ and focused on getting photos.”Wich’s team of researchers used t echniques to develop a fully automated drone technology system that ____51____ and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It’s designed to be cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it ____52____ without technical background. Yet it’s not more widely used on the grounds ofresearchers’ lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can programan algorithm(算法) specifically for their preservation or research p roblem. “There’s much thatneeds to be done to ____53____ those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that peoplewho can’t program can still use the technology,” Wich says.____54____, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from . dying out, Greengrass warns. “As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wildplaces. Preservationists are ____55____ for not doing enough but it’s often an issue of people,conflict and governance.” Technology may h elp provide far greater knowledge, but governmentsstill need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46 A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedKeys: 41-45 CBACA 46-50 DABCD 51-55 BBACDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is ___41___?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their ___42___ levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort level with different academic environments ___43___ a good college “fit”. Just as you might study a body of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to ___44___ the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment —and your ability to keep your “head above water” if admitted—before deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n) ___45___ of “fit”, you are likely to find that you have the capacity to “get the job done” academically in a range of college environments. ___46___ , you are not likely to have difficulty with the “water” itself. You will fit best, however, at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of ___47___ .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself ___48___. These places represent appropriate “bodies of water” for you academically.The best ___49___ of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academic requirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer ___50___ help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the ___51___ of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be ___52___ , most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in ___53___ this part of the picture, especially if you are considering colleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the realodds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a ___54___ candidate at schools that can be very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don’t___55___ your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different42. A. explosive B. respective C. potential D. reasonable43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive55. A. grasp B. change C. create D. increaseKeys: 41-45 CBDCA 46-50 BCDAB 51-55 CABBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize（苦苦思索）over projectsat work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High ___41___ are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, ___42___ perfection can have serious consequences to mental and physical well-being.Since perfectionism is ___43___ with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being unsuccessful. ___45___, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. ___46___, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible ___47___ to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset（思维方式）.Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with ___48___ mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a ___49___ role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to ___50___ when they make mistakes.Another ___51___ option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion（自我同情）. To understand self-compassion, thank about how you would ___52___ a close friend if they made a mistake. Chances are that you’d probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves ___53___ when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being ___54___ by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate w ays. If you’re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive（认知的）behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning ___55___, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D. bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D. keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunities Keys: 41~45 DDBAC 46~50 ABBCA 51~55 ACBDDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the family“You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don’t you, darling?” The girl nods. I met her, her Danish mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to ___41___ their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually(使用双语地) in London. It isn’t easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from her mother, who has come to ___42___ that she will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharing your first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especially tough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of ___43___.Children are languages easily, but this doesn’t mean that ___44___ exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it—and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn’t have an intention to speak a language will often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be ___45___; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants’ language abilities. Yet many factors ensure that children still lose their parents’ languages, or never learn them.A big one is institutional ___46___. A child’s time spent with a second language is time not spent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often ___47___ obey, worried about their children’s education. Th is is a(n) ___48___, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeed suggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studies hint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.Even without those side-effects, ___49___, a bilingual child’s connection to another culture is a good thing in itself. How to ___50___? When both parents share the native language, the strategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have ___51___ languages, perhaps the most common approach is “one parent, one language”. François Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland, ___52___ the necessity. He recommends reserving occasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs ___53___. Sabine Little, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making the native language yet another task ___54___ by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. She recommends letting the child form their own ___55___ connection to the language, for languages are not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. performed B. imposed C. shared D. recommended54. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalKeys: 41-45 CACAB 46-50 DDBAD 51-55 BCABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas(睡衣)! At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher ____41____ the students’ progress.The cyber school was ____42____ as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade 8 who have trouble succeeding in the district’s ____43____ public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can ____44____ with learning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused ____45____ and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put ____46____ time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids’ daily work.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn’t ____47____ education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social ____48____. PaytonMcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, III., agrees. “I don’t know how I could sit at a computer all day without ____49____ interacting with my peers and teachers,” he says.In addition, virtual schools don’t have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying ____50____ .Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to ____51____ what their kids do at home. Many parents have full–time jobs. How are they going to run their children’s education, ____52____ in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ____53____, but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those courses online and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more ____54____ schedules. Students often handle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after ____55____. “We need to be responsible for working on our own,” says Angela Goscilo, a senior from Pound Ridge, N.Y. “We need to develop t echnology skills that will help us in whatever we do. Getting an early start is a good idea.”41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. transformed43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized44. A. agree B. put up C. go D. interfere45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. instruction46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. unaffected47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. make up48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. identification49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely54. A. sustainable B. flexible C. relevant D. optimistic55. A. school B. study C. graduation D. education Keys: 41-45 ABCDD 46-50 CBAAB 51-55 CDABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiar with or the education we have received. We live in a ___41___ world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided souls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to ___42___? If you are the one forcing others to feel ___43___ themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than ___44___ the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and ___45___ in doing so, I would like my h usband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than have him point out what a ___46___ painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the ___47___ end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n) ___48___ response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the ___49___. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response ___50___ the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listenwithout feeling, to be a(n) ___51___ observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a ___52___ review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their ___53___ when necessary.___54___ , one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential ___55___, and then let it go and just be “OK”.41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness43. A. devoted to B. connected with C. ashamed of D. concerned about44. A.turn down B. get rid of C. cover up D. focus on45. A. making a mess B. asking for troubleC. having funD. offering a helpful hand46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance55. A. harm B. conflict C. obstacle D. truthKeys: 41-45 BACDA 46-50 BBDCB 51-55 DCBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are ___41___ to post the results of their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository（库）, and astronomers are accustomed to ___42___ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the ___43___, not the rule. Historically, scientists have ___44___ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the ___45___ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data ___46___ . Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “___47___ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve”. Funding agencies n ote that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products ___48___ and enable other researchers to discover and cite (引用) them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the ___49___ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved ___50___ and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used. ___51___, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been ___52___ 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of' trees. “I’d much prefer to have my data used by the ___53___ number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be ___54___ .”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding ___55___ later on.41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflictKeys: 41-45 BACDB 46-50 DABCA 51-55 CABCBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ___41___ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ___42___ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ___43___ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ___44___ prices. When the government have to step in and ___45___ the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under ___46___ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ___47___ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality ___48___ labor also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers ___49___ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms.Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists ___50___ it. Computers track farm operations, and even ___51___ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, ___52___. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often ___53___ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n) ___54___ situation. The government responded with ___55___ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.41. A valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute。

2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷考生注意1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At an airport.B. In an office.C. At a police station.D. Ata travel agency.【答案】A【解析】【分析】W: Thanks for meeting me. Mr. Hawker.M: Nice to see you. Do we need to stop at the baggage claim area?Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Picture two accountants alerted to suspicious entries in the books. The first takes the violation seriously. The second thinks it’s not a big deal. Who has more power? ____67______ Powerful people break the rules-----therefore, breaking rules makes one seem more powerful.“In its modest form, rule breaking is actually healthy,” says Zhen Zhang of Arizona State University. He found that relatively minor violations during adolescence----damaging property, playing hooky----predicated an admired occupation entrepreneur.When young men, in particular, take risks that succeed, testosterone levels surge. The hormone may underline the “winner effect,” say researchers John Coates and Joe Herbert of University of Cambridge, who tracked the hormonal activity of stock option traders (again, all male) over their good and bad days in the market _____68______.But at a certain point, risk taking can become illogical. This can cause “ethical numbing(道德麻木).” Consider Steve Jobs: As Apple grew, so did lawsuits against it, like those over patents.Being wealthy has a moral effect on both genders. Studies have found that the $150,000-plus-per-year set was four times as likely to cheat as those making less than $15,000 a year when playing a game to win $50. The rich didn’t stop for pedestrians at a crosswalk nearly as often as less-wealthy drivers. ______69_____ That’s because environment—not personality—encourage rule breaking, argues Andy Yap, a behavioral scientist. Yap and hiscolleagues asked volunteers to sit in an SUV-size driver’s seat versus a crowded one or an executive-size office space versus a cubicle(小隔间) and then tested their responses to various moral evens. _____70______.Keys: 67-70 D F C ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a crash course in time management. If you’re not careful, the word “crash” could become more than figurative.We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else._____67______. There are a few tricks, though, that can help._______68_______. Even if you are the boss on your second job——you’re working for yourself——you have an obligation to keep that work separate from you day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you’re on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on, either. Making sure that you have any contact information available no matter whetheryou’re at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it’s worth it._____69_______.I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the best advice is to just keep things quiet. Give preference to the employer who is paying you for this specific chunk of time.Some companies don’t want you to work anywhere else. They want you to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits —— such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.70 . Because it can be very hard to figure out your boss’s attitude, the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I’d be entirely truthful.Keys: 67-70 C E B FSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The understanding that literature can comfort, console and heal has been around since the second millennium BC,_____67______.As a bibliotherapist, I’m interested in the therapeutic value stories have to offer us, particularly during times of stress. Here the intent around reading is different; the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne, who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness: have a lover, have friends and read books. ______68______.Therefore, the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul? Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books? Why, despite all the distractions of modern life, do books still get published and writers’ festival events get sold out? The answer lies in the power of stories______69______. they tell us what it is to be human, give us a context for the past and an insight towards the future. A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed, internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story. Paradoxically, we think we are escaping ourselves but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds. Freud, who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talking cure”, once wrote that wherever he went he discovered a poet had been there before. It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writers. ________70_______.What stories have shaped you? It’s a question worth reflecting on, as this shaping is often subconscious. The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different intent; you will be “reading” your life from now on, allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.Keys: 67-70 E C B FSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park._______67_______. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.________68________. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation , which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.________69________. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone._______70_______. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.Keys: 67-70 E A C FSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think, about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. ____67___ They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also, responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. ____68____Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. ____69____And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.____70____.Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. Keys: 67-70 B C E ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Gun laws in America are already so weak, it must be tough to find ways to make them even looser. But you've got to give gun lobbyists(游说者) credit. They've come up with some new ideas and found friends in Congress to promote them, even as the nation is in deep sadness due to the58 people killed at a music festival in Las Vegas. ________67________ . At worst, they would put innocent people and police officers in graver danger.The changes are tucked(塞) into a measure called the Sportsmen's Heritage and Recreational Enhancement (SHARE) Act. The innocuous title tries to hide its most controversial content. Theproposal getting the most attention is a move to make it easier to buy silencers. _______68_______. But when opponents argue that silencers will make it harder to hear gunshots, those same supporters insist it isn't so. Sorry, but they can't have it both ways.Silencers have been available to hunters and others under the current law since 1934.But the National Rifle Association thinks it takes too much trouble to buy one.Buyers must pass a criminal background check, turn over their fingerprints to the government, and pay a $200 fee. Silencers are registered, and transfers are tracked. ________69_______.Two days after the Las Vegas massacre(屠杀),a group of House Democrats called on House Speaker Paul Ryan to ensure that the SHARE measure won’t be taken up by the House. But the best Ryan could know was, “I don’t know when it’s going to be scheduled.”Ryan and other Republicans who have opposed every previous effort to pass gun measures said this week they'd consider banning "bump stocks," an extra piece of equipment the Las Vegas shooter used to make his semi-automatic weapon even more dangerous. Also the NRA talked favorably about "additional regulations"but not a new law. ______70______.Controlling gun violence should be at the top of Congress' agenda.Instead, according to the gun lobby’s demand, it is looking at weakening existing restrictions. That is pathetic.Keys: 69-70 B A F DSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now iskeeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t. ________67_______. You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. ______68_______.These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. _______69_______. One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending._______70_______.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)Keys: 67-70 F A C DSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Bike-Sharing Schemes Test Shanghai’ EthicsShared bikes’ convenience and relatively low fees—after users pay a deposit, every ride within 30 minutes costs just 1 yuan—has proven an attractive proposition. Most shared bike rides in Shanghai start from smartphone apps, which have users scan QR codes with their phones._______67______.Some of the shared bike users aren’t always willing to share their bikes. For example, Mobike has had some of its bicycles stolen._______68________. In addition, some of the bikes’ QR codes have been defaced (损伤外观) on purpose, making it impossible for anyone to use them. “ We’ve foreseen that such problems will emerge. So, Mobike has introduced a credit point system that punishes rule breakers with higher fares,” said Ma Xiaoran, Mobike’s public relations manager.Some users have also complained about the weight of the Mobikes and their non-adjustableseats, so a competitor called ofo, lighter and cheaper, has penetrated into the market. Ofo initially targeted university campuses and is available to the general public now.Similarly, ofo has also had trouble keeping its bikes from disappearing._______69______. After scanning a bike’s QR code, ofo’s app will give the user a code with which to unlock the bike. However, the locks are flimsy (脆弱的), and a bit of rattling will show the user which buttons to press, foregoing the need to pay. Also, since the bicycles aren’t equipped with GPS, the company cannot easily track the ones that have been stolen.Posinda, a company from neighboring Jiangsu province, started operating in Yangpu District in late 2014, its only service area of the city. Unlike its competitors, Posinda’s 300 bikes need to be returned to certain locations. “Different from the Mobike model, we have designated stations where our bikes are parked,” Posinda’s general manager, Zhu Minjian, said. “_______70______.” The company, active in 11 cities, is subsidized by local governments, and its bikes can be used for free if returned within one hour. But users need to pay a deposit of 500 yuan to get a card required to unlock the bikes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Handwriting has existed for about 6,000 years.It's one of our most important inventions._______67_______.Most of us know,but often forget,that handwriting is not natural.______68_______. In early America,only wealthy men and businessmen learned to write.A "good hand" became a sign of class and intelligence as well as morality.Most, meanwhile,signed legal documents with a mere 'X' and the presence of a witness.Writing only spread to the masses in the 19th century,after schools began teaching handwriting.______69_______—left-handed students often had their arm tied tightly to their bodies,so they'd learn to write with the “correct” hand.In more modern times,you may remember spending hours learning the correct stroke（笔画）, formation and spacing of upper-and lower-case letters.But today,schools are shifting the focus to coursework in STEM—short for science,technology,engineering and mathematics. _______7_______.Technology has threatened writing long before every man,woman and child carried a phone.It came with the invention of the typewriter,which standardized written communication,and that same argument will reappear as technology advances.I don't know if handwriting will ever die.But today,the growing emphasis on typing is having far-reaching effects.To get a glimpse of the future,just look at the youth.Instead of curly Qs or crazy Ls,kids are using emoticons such as orto give a personal touch.Typing is more democratic,too—it isn't a complicated skill to master.Keyboards are changing the physical connection between writers and text,and people who can't write by hand,like the blind,can now use tools to communicate only by touch.Sure,I'll miss the writing of letters,and the beautiful and well-practiced signature written with a pen.write.Keys: 67-70 B E A DSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars. _______67______.Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks an buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are worn away more quickly._______68_______. According to a report in the Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of dissolving reduced.________69________.Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. However, theprice of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. _______70________.Keys: 67-70 F E A CSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the culture landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun. ______67______.Americans use guns for one of two uses:either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin to take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have them. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners. ______68______. Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military gradeweaponry. Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special—concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. ______69_______. Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is full of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant. _______70_______. After all, America is a safe place to live.Keys: 67-70 D A F CSection CChoosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?” _______67_______.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seemto be in the right place at the right time. ______68_______. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. ______69_______._______70_______. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs (美差). When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling t he interviewer all the company’s faults. And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.Keys: 67-70 B D F ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is entirely useless or the wrong size._______67_______. However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.So you will have to tell your favorite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. ______68______. For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back.But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness.Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards returns and see it as a gesture of goodwill to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. ______69_______.So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time.______70______. Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. In any case if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.Keys: 67-70 D E B CSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.。

2019--2020学年高三英语一模六选四汇编Two【虹口】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Whether in the East or West, the chief business of traditional education is to pass to the next generation the skills, facts, and standards of moral and social conduct that adults consider to be necessary for the next generation’s material and social success.（67）The students work individually on assignments, and cooperation is discouraged. The result of this emphasis on what instructors do is that students may become passive learners and do not take responsibility for their own learning. Educators call this traditional method “instructor-centered teaching”.In contrast, “learner-centered teaching” occurs when instructors focus on student learning. It is an approach to teaching that is increasingly being encouraged in higher education. （68）These methods include active learning, in which students solve problems, answer questions, formulate questions of their own, discuss, explain, debate, or brainstorm during class; cooperative learning, in which students work in teams on problems and projects under conditions that assure both positive interdependence and individual account ability; and inductive (归纳法) teaching and learning, in which students are first presented with challenges and learn the course material in the context of addressing the challenges.Although learner-centered methods have repeatedly been shown to be superior to the traditional teacher-centered approach to instruction, the best teaching, according to Parker Palmer, the author of The Courage to Teach, is not one or the other, but a combination of both. （69）Learner-centered teachers still need to lecture because teachers are the definitive content experts in the classroom and the knowledge and experiences of teachers can be extremely helpful to students. （70）They must recognize that students can learn from each other and that the deepest learning happens when students have the opportunity to practice and obtain feedback.【答案】67-70 CDFB【解析】67. C. 上一段是在写中西方中的教育中，传统教育的重要性以及地位，67 空格后面是在具体描述传统的教育的模式和特征，所以67空所描述的内容应该是和传统教育有关，关键词traditonal.所以选C。

One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机)hold huge 41 in the fight to save the world ' s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researcherscan now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It ' s that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade 42 to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to 43the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的)species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help 44: drones can circle high abovethe ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species. According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changinghow preservation research is done —— but it ' s in a(n)45 way. As technology gets better andcheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. 46, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university 47. Some teach dronesurveying methods in depth while others don ' t even mention them. " The fact is, using drones isquite a(n)48 to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) 'unknown ' of engineering, and potentiallyan area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet, 'Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. " Students ghe about 49 technologies such as automatic sound recorders,but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly 50 and focused on getting photos. ”Wich ' s team of researchers useddchniques to develop a fully automated drone technologysystem that 51 and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It ' s designed to b cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it52 without technical background. Yet it ' not more widely used on the grounds ofresearchers ' lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm （算法）specifically for their preservation or research problem. "There much that needs to be done to 53 those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that peoplewho can ' t program can still use the technology, " Wich says.54, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengrass warns. " As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wildplaces. Preservationists are 55 for not doing enough but it ' often an issue of people,conflict and governance. " Technologylpnprovide far greater knowledge, but governmentsstill need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46 A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefo__^^| B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedKeys: 41-45 CBACA 46-50 DABCD 51-55 BBACDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is 41?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their42 levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort levelwith different academic environments 43 a good college "fit " . Just as you might study abody of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to44 the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment — and your ability to keepyour " head above water " if adrbetede deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n)45 of " fit ” , you are li kely to find that you have the capacity to "ge t he job done" academically in a range of college environments.46, you are not likely to have difficulty with the " water " itself. You will fit best, however,at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of47 .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself 48. These places represent appropriate "bodies of water " for you academically.The best 49 of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academicrequirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer 50 help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the 51 of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be52, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in 53 this part of the picture, especially if you are consideringcolleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the realodds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a 54 candidate at schools that canbe very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don' 55 your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different 42. A. explosiveB. respectiveC. potentialD. reasonable 43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of 44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete 45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention 46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast 47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience 48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually 49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands 50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable 51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation 52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting 53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending 54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive 55. A. graspB. changeC. createD. increaseKeys: 41-45 CBDCA46-50 BCDAB 51-55 CABBDIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize（苦苦思索） over projects at work, and even worryabout small errors from the past. High 41 are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers havediscovered,42 perfection canhave serious consequences to mental and physical well-being.Since perfectionism is 43 with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn ' t mean being unsuccessful. 45, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. 46, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible 47 to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset （思维方式）.Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with 48 mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a 49 role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towardsfailure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to 50 when they make mistakes.Another 51 option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion （自我同情）.Tounderstand self-compassion, thank about how you would 52 a close friend if they made amistake. Chances are that you ' （probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves 53 when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of beinghuman, and avoid being 54 by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial formental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you ' re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning 55, and replacing self-criticism with self- compassion, it ' s possibleto overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D.bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D.keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunitiesKeys: 41~45 DDBAC 46~50 ABBCA 51~55 ACBDDFour【2019届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the family"You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don ' t you, darling? I " The girl nods. met her, her Danish mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to41 their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually（使用双语地）in London. Itisn ' easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from hermother, who has come to 42 that she will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharingyour first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especiallytough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of 43.Children are languages easily, but this doesn ' t mean that exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it — and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn an intention haspeak a languagewill often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be45; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants ' language abilities. Yet many factorsensure that children still lose their parents ' languages, or never learn them.A big one is institutional 46 . A child ' s time spent with a second language is time notspent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often 47 obey, worried about their children' seducation. This is a(n)48, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeedsuggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studieshint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.Even without those side-effects,49 , a bilingual child ' s connection to another cultureis a good thing in itself. How to 50? When both parents share the native language, thestrategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have51languages, perhaps the most common approach is " one parent, one language " . Fran?oi Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland,52 the necessity. He recommends reservingoccasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs 53. SabineLittle, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making thenative language yet another task 54 by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. Sherecommends letting the child form their own 55 connection to the language, for languagesare not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. performed B. imposed C.shared D. recommended54. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalKeys: 41-45 CACAB 46-50 DDBAD 51-55 BCABDFive [2019届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题] 一III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas（睡衣）！ At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher 41 the students ' progress.The cyber school was 42 as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade8 who have trouble succeeding in the district ' s43 public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can 44 withlearning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused 45 and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put 46 time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids 'dailywork.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn 47"education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social 48. Paytonsays Angela Goscilo, a seniorfrom Pound Ridge, N.Y. cloh "We need to dev e chn(blogy skills that will help us in whatever we Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, III ., agrees. "I don ' t know how I could sit at a computer all day without 49 interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.In addition, virtual schools don' have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying 50.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to 51 whattheir kids do at home. Many parents have full Time jobs. How are they going to run their children education, 52 in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ________ 53 _____ , but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those coursesonline and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more54schedules.Studentsoftenhandle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after 55." We need to be responsible for working on our own, do. Getting an early start is a good idea.41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted 42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. t ransformed 43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized 44. A. agree B. put up C. goD. i nterfere 45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. i nstruction 46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. u naffected 47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. m ake up 48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. i dentification 49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically 50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt 52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel 53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely 54. A. sustainableB. flexibleC. relevantD. optimistic 55. A. schoolB. studyC. graduationD. educationKeys: 41-45 ABCDD 46-50 CBAAB 51-55 CDABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiarwith or the education we have received. We live in a 41 world where people are quick topoint out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguidedsouls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure youreally are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to 42? If you are the one forcing others to feel43 themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than 44 the negative aspectof a person ' s performance or attitudes. You ' ll offer helpfiomugheesegiming. If I ' mpainting our living room and 45 in doing so, I would like my h usband to say to me, " Thisis a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you? ” rather than have point out what a 46 painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the 47 end of criticism, the " OK' response is a perfect WHetton.someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n)48 response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it putsboth parties on the 49. Instead, simply reply with " OK' T his brief one-word response50 the other person ' s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in adebate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen上海市各区2019届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编终结版：完型填空without feeling, to be a(n) 51 observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a 52review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did Igive 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性 的)criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their53 when necessary. 54, one can learn to be " OK' with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with theother party. Examine it for any potential 55, and then let it go and just be" OK'.41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative 42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness 43. A. devoted toB. connected withC. ashamed ofD. concerned about 44. A.turn downB. get rid ofC. cover upD. focus on45. A. making a messB. asking for troubleC. having funD. offering a helpful hand46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest 47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising 48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural 49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful 50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines 51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective 52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive 53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help 54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance 55. A. harmB. conflictC. obstacleD. truthIII. Reading ComprehensionKeys: 41-45 BACDA46-50 BBDCB 51-55 DCBADSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are 41 to post the resultsof their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository （库），and astronomers are accustomed to 42 imagesof galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the 43, not the rule. Historically, scientists have44 sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist;grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the 45 are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwideare encouraging scientists to make their data 46. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to 47 a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve Funding agencies n ote that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products 48 and enable other researchers to discover andcite （引用）them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the 49 advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved 50 and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used.51, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been 52 5,700 times.Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. "I ' d much prefer to have my data use>y the 53 number of people to asktheir own questions, " she says. It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be 54."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding 55 later on.Keys: 41-45 BACDB46-50 DABCA 51-55 CABCB41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflictEight【2019届上海市静安区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly 41 in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.41.A valued42.A. regulations43.A. shortcut B. accessedB. virtuesB. implicationC. implementedC. obligationsC. rewardD.illustratedD.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic 42 such ashard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the43 to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in thecountry ' s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have 44 prices. When the government have tostep in and 45 the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under 46 natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of therichest soil in the world. Rainfall is 47 over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality 48 labor also have contributed to the success of Americanagriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers 49 plows or harvesters. One farmer canmanage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists 50 it. Computers track farm operations, and even 51 technologyis utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control,52. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often 53 the general economy. When negativefactors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n)54 situation. The government responded with 55 agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.。

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O’Brien’s study indicates it’s human nature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive futureplans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation （退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world o n a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also c elebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health,and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Keys:Socializing with people is believed to be the key to happiness, but more people are suffering from loneliness/isolation. According to a study, loneliness peaks in three age stages. Lack of social contact caused by modern lifestyles/convenience makes people feel lonely. As loneliness affects health seriously, it’s necessary to try to reduce it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, littleevidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.Keys:Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it’s unfair to punish those parents without fault in their children’s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn’t control their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned fro m school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.Keys:Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is paren ts’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution(高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.Keys:Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.Keys:Gardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength.Besides，gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, i t’s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.Keys:Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. Theresponsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additi onal workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding As one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability throughprofessional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.Keys:Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. Luckily, some people and organizations have realized its value and are making joint efforts to save it, including UNESCO.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China’s National TreasurePandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white. Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function; digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose （纤维素）, and most animals can’t digest it except giant pandas.Th e giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protectingbiodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow.With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.Keys:The reasons why giants pandas become national treasures are as follows. First, giant pandas are scarce, becoming the most valuable animals in the world. Second, giant pandas are living fossils with important scientific value in studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Finally, giant pandas have become a symbol of friendship between China and foreign people.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Unfair ComparisonsThanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeC hat friends’updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,”Steer s said.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons(to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.KeysSocial media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend – the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel (22)____ ____ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_____ (press) on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks, (24)______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is (25)______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen, (26)______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.(27)______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)______ (read) whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Ba rnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically, (29)______ (turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website, (30)______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.KEYS:21. what 22. as if/though 23. pressed 24. using 25. that 26. which 27. Another 28. to read 29. has turned out (turns out) 30. ifⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife secrets of Nigeria's last wildernessResearchers from Chester Zoo, working with the Nigeria National Park Service, surveyed over 1,000 square kilometres of the national park. Known （21）__ __ its mountain rainforests, savannah woodlands and rolling grasslands, it is home to some of West Africa's most endangered animals.The cameras (22) (spot) some animals that have never been recorded before in the area and others, like chimps, (23) are rarely seen. Stuart Nixon, the Africa Field Programme Co-ordinator at Chester Zoo, said confirmation of the locations of chimps was an important discovery." Gashaka's been regarded for many years as (24)_____ (have) the biggest population of this Nigeria-Cameroon chimp, which is the rarest chimp subspecies," he said." We consider it the most important population - that's really (25)_______we need to count it and see what the status of the chimp is right now - that will ultimately affect what we know about this subspecies elsewhere."The chimp (26)_______(endanger) across its range in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its total population is down to fewer than 9,000 individuals, of which about 1,000 are thought (27)________(live) to live within the borders of the national park. "It's an incredible tool to use these camera traps and to reveal that this park - which is a (28)______(forget)forgotten wilderness, really, for Nigeria - still has a really important reservoir of important species for Nigeria and Africa in general," said Stuart Nixon.Chester Zoo is funding guards for the rangers and providing training in wildlife monitoring and protection. "This work is helping us learn more about the secrets of one of our last wilderness areas and we must continue to work together to ensure (29)________survival for future generations. "(30)_________ all this beauty were lost it would be a terrible tragedy for all."Keys:21 for 22. spotted 23. which 24. having 25. why 26. is endangered 27. to live 28. forgotten 29. its 30. IfII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma (21)_______ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt (22)_______ the puma began in a small village where a woman (23)_______ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being (24)________ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at (25)_______ place twenty miles away in the evening. (26)_______ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of “cat-like noises” at night and a businessman on a (27)_______ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, (28)_______ where had it come from?As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one (29)_______ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing (30)_______(think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.KEYS:21. had been spotted 22. for 23. picking 24. unless 25. another26. Wherever 27. fishing 28. but 29. must 30. to thinkⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government.(21)_______ (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were(22)_______ (share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months(23)_______ he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death."The friendship which (24)________ (exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me (25)_______ (believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with (26)_______ single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to (27)_______ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back (28)_______ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. (29)_______ they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the puredevotion to the public good and I have confidence (30)_______ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”Keys:21. developing 22. shared 23. before 24. has existed 25. to believe26. a 27. which 28. to/on 29.If 30. thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being available only in Japanese.Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main characte r of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog’s garden (22)________ ________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog’s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game’s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn’t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download) games fro m Apple’s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media, (24)__________ users post photos of their frogs’ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-col lecting game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local mediaoutlets reported that the game’s slow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tap ped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like’ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People’s Daily suggested that people (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015.KEYS:21. despite 22. so that 23. downloaded 24. where 25. it25. adding 27. should 28. was created 29. to improve 30. whetherII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)________ (late) foreign films.Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. "It isn't the same," she says. "For one thing, the screen's too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!"However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)________ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently-from Mother. "It may surprise you to lean that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young, "she told us. "She used to wait outside film studios all day, just (23)__________ (appear)in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they(24)__________ (make). Therefore, she couldn't go to see(25)__________ in the film at the cinema!"All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)_________ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)__________ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)__________ she could remember her words perfectly And(29)__________ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!"Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn't in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)_________ (go)to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!"Keys:21 the latest 22. though 23. to appear 24. were making 25 herself26. when 27. a 28. until 29. on 30. goingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is(22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbors or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part ofthe experience of being human.Keys:21 are inspired 22. to deal 23. can/may 24. less likely 25 affecting26. which 27. what 28. No matter how 29. fighting 30. withoutII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get (21)_______ (wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are hard-wired that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)________ is delayed," Volkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemical named dopamine. It causes the brain (23)_______ (pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right cue from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24)________ (destroy) attempts to shed bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)_______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says. "It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance rebates for adopting better habits.(26)______ well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps thatmay help fight your brain's hold (27)_______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior –the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)_______(make) the striatum(终脑皮层) recognize the habit, "if you don't keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)_______ your muscles protest。