城市园林绿地规划复习资料Review of urban garden and green space planning1,urban planning areas - urban areas, peri urban areas and other urban administrative areas for pla.rming and control of urban construetion and development needs of the region.2,the urban built-up area, which has actually been developed and built in the urban administrative area, has the basic areas of municipal, public facilities and public facilities・3,the status quo of the city 一the composition and condition of the existing material content of the city・4,the overall urban planning - is a period of urban development and construction of the integrated layout plan.5,the city green space system planning 一一in the city within the scope of land, according to the different functions of landscape, layout reasonable, the landscape can improve the city microclimate conditions, improving the environmental conditions of life and production of local people, and create the city clean and beautiful reservoir・6,urban scale 一refers to the size of urban population and land use scale・7,urban green coverage 一the total area of urban green space coverage and urban area ratio.8,the heat island effect, because the city density, production and life activities emit a large amount of heat, will produce urban temperaturehigher than the suburban temperature of a situation.9,environmental capacity -- that the average number of visitors to the scenic area per unit area can accommodate, called one volume, specific m2/・10,trees -- according to a certain way of planting on both sides of the road, causing the shade of trees・11,Los triangle - according to the two intersection of the two shortest sight distance, you can draw a triangle on the cross plane, called12,landscape - in certain conditions, with landscape features, as well as certain natural and human phenomena constituted enough to cause people to appreciate and appreciate the scene・13,attractions - constitute the basic unit of garden green space・14,scenery 一the objective factors that constitute the scenery, each has different characteristics, mainly mountains, water, plants, animals, gas, light, architecture, and other 8 categories・15,the street small garden -- is in the city tTimk road for residents short time to use the small green space, also known as street rest green, or called street garden.16,the botanical garden -- a study of plant science, the introduction and domestication, cultivation experiment center, training and the introduction of domestic and foreign varieties, constantly digging wild plant resources, and expand the comprehensive research institutions in all aspects of the application.17,self purification function - a small amount of pollutants temporarily into the environment, through a variety of natural processes and decomposition, dilution, still can make the environment to maintain and restore to the original state, the ecological balance will not be destroyed.18,''neighborhood unit" is a form of urban residential planning, in 1929 by the Americans Perry proposed.19,''garden city" was proposed by Howard, a British social activist in the late nineteenth Century, about urban planningIn the evaluation process of urban land suitability, the usual way is to divide the land into 3 types according to the advantages and disadvantages20,the overall urban planning period is generally 20 years21,agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery a nd water conservancy belong to the first industry in the industrial type. Industry belongs to the second industry in the industry type・Tourism belongs to the third industry in the urban industry type ・22,urbanization includes the change of population occupation, the change of industrial structure, the change of land and regional space and the perfection of infrastructure・23,the population size is classified, large cities (more than 1 million people), large cities (50^100 million), medium-sized cities (20〜50 million), small cities (less than 200 thousand people)24,in people，s psychological feelings, the most influential factors of urban impression include roads, boundaries, centers, regional features, markers・25,urban disaster prevention planning includes: urban flood control planning, urban fire protection planning, urban mitigation earthquake planning, urban people，s air defense planning・26,in the city overall planning of land use balance, residential land accounted for the city land accounted for 50% - 60%.In 27, the single city construction land, residential land use control in general each 18 〜28 square meters; industrial land is generally controlled at each 9 ~ 22 square meters: the road square for general control in each 8 〜15 square meters; green space per person shall not be less than 9 square meters・28,in the urban green space type, the urban construction land is not involved in the balance of residential green space and ancillary green space・29,our country city planning relevant standards: landscape road greening rate of not less than 40%; the line width of more than 50m of the road, green rate of not less than 30%; the red line width of 40m-50m Road, green rate of not less than 25%; the line width is less than 40m of the road, green rate of not less than 20%30,the most influential factors on urban impression include the following 5 parts: Road, boundary, center, region and marker・31,the preparation of urban planning is generally divided into overallplanning and detailed planning in 2 stages・32,the layout of urban green space should maintain the balance of urban ecological system・ The basic requirements include reasonable layout, advanced indexes, good quality and environmental improvement・33,The functions of urban green space include landscape function, culture and education function, recreation function, and improvement of urban ecological environment function.34,the urban ancient and famous trees protection planning content mainly involves: designated laws and regulations, publicity and education, scientific research, conservation management・35,the municipal comprehensive park service radius of 2000m, district level comprehensive park service radius of 1000m,community park service radius is generally 500m.36,the comprehensive park according to its activities can be divided into: cultural and recreational areas, ornamental tourist area, quiet rest area, children，s activities area, old age activity area, sports area, garden management area and service facilities・37,the basic unit of residential areas is residential areas38,the types of residential green space include: public green space, public facilities, green land, road green space, green space next to the house・39,the basic forms of residential garden design in the residential areaare regular, free and mixed.In the urban garden green space, the garden road is the skeleton of the small gardenLayout 40, road greening section: a two second, three belt belt, three four belt, belt type and the other four in five・41,in the trunk roads planted trees, dry height may not be less than 3. 5m; non motor vehicles and sidewalks between the roadside trees, dry height can not be less than 2. 5m, otherwise it will affect traffic and people，s access・42,the minimum spacing for 4m tree planting, fast-growing tree planting distance generally use 5 - 6m. Planting trees into tree and tree pool43,there are requirements for road slope, for motor vehicles, the road slope should not exceed 3 to 4%%・44,according to the status of the road in the city, traffic characteristics and functions, can be divided into different grades ・Big city, big city is generally divided into expressway, trunk road, secondary road and branch45,the central green belt of the highway is strictly prohibited to grow trees46,In urban street greening, its health protection functions include purifying air, reducing noise and reducing radiant heat.47,according to the function and nature of the city square, we can divide the urban square green space into: the meeting square, the memorial square, the traffic square, the commercial square, the cultural entertainment plaza・48,according to its function, the protection greenbelt can be divided into urban windbreak belt, health protection forest belt, soil and water conservation forest and farmland protection forest・49,the main functions of the green space include improving the natural conditions and sanitary conditions of the city50,factories and enterprises are mainly composed of: Factory front zone, production area, open-air dumping ground andwarehouse area, green and landscaping lots.51,the significance of plant greening is mainly as follows: conducive to environmental protection - functional value, conducive to the creation of spiritual wealth 一spiritual value, conducive to the creation of material wealth 一economic value・Including the basic principles, 52 factories and enterprises in the landscape plant selection: suitable tree species, and determine the backbone and key determine the rational proportion, meet the production process requirements on the environment, choose the easy reproduction, easy to manage・53,in the campus green space planning, 5 meters away from the building to plant trees54,scenic spots in the scenic tour of the organization process, the organization of tour procedures include: into the scene, launched, brewing, climax, end・55,the basic elements of the landscape are composed of 3 categories, namely scenery, scenery and conditions.Including 56, scenic resource evaluation: Jingyuan investigation, selection and classification, classification, evaluation and Jingyuan Jingyuan conclusion・57,brief description of the social city problems, mainly in what areas?・Answer: 1, residential issues 2, traffic problems 3, urban pollution problems 4, urban disaster 5, urban environmental landscape problems58,Briefly describe the main ways to protect the environment.Answer: 1. Measures should be taken to control pollution sources so as to reduce or eliminate pollution・2,reasonable planning layout・ 3, take biological measures, common greening, vigorously afforestation, planting grass and flowers・59,brief description of the layout of urban green spaceAnswer: 1, to meet the city's convenient cultural entertainment, leisure and sightseeing requirements・ 2, to meet the city life and safety requirements of production activities・3,to achieve a virtuous cycle of urban ecological environment and the harmonious development of human and nature・4, to meet the requirements of urban landscape art・60,brief description of the urban garden green space system layout principle.Answer: 1, the urban green space system planning should be combined with other parts of the city planning, comprehensive consideration, comprehensive arrangements・2,the urban green space system planning must be in accordance with local conditions and proceed from reality・3,urban park green space should be evenly distributed, reasonable service radius, to meet the needs of the city，s cultural rest・61.Briefly describe the basic principles for the classification of urban green space・Answer: 1, the function of the green space as the main classification basis・2,the classification of green space should be consistent with the calculation of urban planning land balance・3,the green space classification should strive to reflect the characteristics of different types of urban green space・4,the green space should try to consider the comparability with other countries in the world.5,in classification, we should consider the statistical range of green space, the sources of investment and management system・62,brief description of the city garden green space index basis.Answer: 1. The level of urban garden and green space in china・ 2, the level and trend of foreign urban green space・ 3, the requirements of environmental protection of urban ecology. 4, from sightseeing and cultural leisure need to consider・63.Briefly introduce the principles of urban greening plant planning ・Answer: 1. Respect for the law of natural development・ 2. Take the regional plant species as the main type; 3, select the resistant plants 4, and the fast-growing tree species with the slow tree species64,the basic principles of comprehensive park planning are briefly described・Answer: 1, the implementation of national policy in the construction of green spaces, policies and regulations, to comply with the relevant standards. To inherit and reform our gardening art system, we should absorb foreign advanced experience and create our own unique garden style and features2,take full account of the public use of the park requirements, rich Park activities and space types・3,local conditions, so that the park and local history, culture and natural features combine to reflect local characteristics and style4,make full use of the present situation and the natural terrain park, park organic elements, to play their proper role in different functional areas・5,the planning and design should be practical, and specify feasible construction plans and management measures at different stages・65,brief description of factories and enterprises greening features ・Answer: 1, poor environment is not conducive to plant growth,2,land use compact, green land area is small3,green to ensure the safety of the factory production, 4, factory green service object to the factory workers66,brief description of industrial and mining enterprises greening significance・Answer: 1, conducive to environmental protection 一functional value of 2, conducive to the creation of spiritual wealth - spiritual value of 3, conducive to the creation of material wealth - economic value67,brief description of the protection green space, according to its function can be divided into what kinds?・Answer: 1, the city windbreak belt・ 2. Sanitary protective belt. 3.Soil and water conservation forest・ 4, farmland shelterbelt・68,brief description of the role of urban green space protection.Answer: 1, windbreak sand fixing 2, reduce the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 3, absorb harmful gas 4, cool, moisturizing 5, clean environment and beautify the city69,Brief description of the layout of road greening section.Answer: (1) a two second belt (2) with three (3) board with four (4)in four with five (5) other70,brief attention should be paid to the design of Expressway protection green space・Answer: (1) highway protection greenbelt is general, every side is 20-30 meters wide, with deciduous tree and evergreen tree combine planting ・(2)protective green planting form can be close to the car side of the first moral lawn, planting perennial flowers, shrubs, and small trees, large trees, from low to high, the formation of multi-level plant landscape・(3)the reasonable design of Expressway protection forest should be combined with the surrounding topography.(4)to prevent crossing the highway, you can choose to have the thorn plants hedgerow planting, the formation of protective greenbelt・71,brief description of the basic principles of industrial and mining enterprises planning and design・Answer: (1) the greening of industrial enterprises should have their own style (2) to meet the requirements of production and environmentalprotection(3) coordinate with the main body of the building (4) increase the green area and raise the rate of green land72,try to discuss the factors affecting the urban green space index ・ Requirement：Answer: (1) the level of national economy (2) urban nature (3) urban scale (4) urban natural conditions(5)the condition of the city，s topography, physiognomy, hydrology, geomorphology, soil and so on(6)the present situation of urban land distribution (7) the existing buildings in the city (8), the present situation and foundation of the garden green space73,try to discuss the task of urban green space system planning. Main pointsAnswer: 1, the choice and reasonable layout of the city，s garden green space, determine its location, nature, scope, area;2,according to the national economic planning, production and living standards and the scale of urban development, the development speed and level of urban green space construction are studied, and the indexes of urban green space are drawn up;3,the overall planning of city greenbelt system adjustment, enrich dnd transfonn and improve the views of the project implementation plan and important building landscape construction by stages, and draw the needto control and retain the green line・4.Draw up drawings and documents of urban green space system・5,for key large-scale public green spaces, it is necessary to propose a map and planning program.74,try to discuss the role of urban green space in improving urban ecological environment・ Main pointsAnswer: 1, the garden green space can purify the air, the water body and the soil: 2, the garden green space may improve the city microclimate;3, to reduce noise; 4, to protect farmland; 5, to maintain soil and water; 6, security protection; 7, monitoring environmental pollution.75,try to discuss the green side of the main points・ Main pointsAnswer: Garden green:1,the courtyard is surrounded by residential groups, because of the shelter of buildings, causing a large area of shadow, so we should pay attention to the configuration of shade tolerant species, to protect the shade of good greening effect・2,natural hedge separates the courtyard, the noise can bereduced.3,multi-storey residential south part of the design of green space,Mainly in residential buildings, residents do a short rest and simple children，s activities venues・ The influence to the separated floor residents courtyard courtyard appearance, common transparent walls and hedges two methods・4,flowers and plants allocation should adopt the method of planting and planting, and planting near the window or the place where residents often go out・Residential green space:1,the house before the walk in the courtyard at the entrance, and the wall with the use of evergreen flowering plants and the formation of the green, green wal1.2,pay attention to the house base green space, rich colors, soften the construction of rigid lines, reduce radiation heat・ The gable green space can be used to form a strip of space between the gables, designed as a bush or climber・3,The green area of the window plays an import a nt role in indoor lighting, ventilation, noise prevention and eye interference・4,feel stiff green corner break the building line, form a corner of the green column〃・5,roof greening has the function of regulating temperature and humidity and improving microclimate・6,pay attention to indoor and outdoor and hospital green combination.76,try to discuss the principle of avoiding calamity green space planning・ Main pointsAnswer: 1, a disaster is the disaster emergency shelter residents, according to the district population density and shelter the reasonable range of services, evenly distributed in the city within the scope of the residential area near the center green, green, green groups affiliated or residential green ecological environment and other places ・ And there is a direct and smooth road links and disaster prevention channe1.The 2 and two levels are the bases for the evacuation, rescue and rehabilitation activities after the disaster・3,the road to avoid disaster should use the urban traffic trunk network, connect all kinds of disaster prevention points, and form a disaster prevention network system・ There are two types of escape routes and walk escape routes・4,in order to meet the needs of disaster prevention and avoidance, the city, district level parks should have a certain area of the water surface, both landscaping and fire water sources77,try to discuss how to plan and design the Expressway Green space.Answer: 1, highway central green belt width of 1. 5m or more, width of up to 5-10m, green belt planting on the lawn based, is strictly prohibited planting trees・2,in order to prevent the car through the city when the noise and waste gases and other pollution, in the main road on both sides to set aside 20-30m of the security belt・3,there is a certain thickness of boxwood, barberry and other flowering shrubs forming belt, can reduce the damage of the outside of the vehicle ・4,through green planting to indicate linear changes, to guide the driver safe operation, attention to continuity when planting・5,Planting tall trees at the entrance of the tunnel to make the side light form different shades of light and shade, so as to gradually change brightness, so as to increase the adaptation time and reduce the possibility of accidents・78,try to discuss what should be paid attention to in the choice of comprehensive park land・ Main pointsA: (1) the service radius should be convenient for residents in the residential land, and they can be conveniently connected with the main traffic main roads and the public transport facilities in the city・(2)in line with the nature and scale of urban green space system planning, as far as possible in conjunction with the city，s favorable terrain, rivers and lakes water system, convenient transportation, living, residential land planning comprehensive consideration・(3)give full play to the role of urban water system・(4)select old trees and famous trees and abundant natural vegetation, suitable for the establishment of Park lots・(5)the choice of the existing landscape architecture, historical sites, revolutionary sites, humanities, history and other places to build park green space, not only enrich the content of the park, but also play a beneficial role in the protection of national cultural heritage・(6)the choice of site should take into account the possibility of development, leaving appropriate development reserve・。
