开放英语3教案- (要点) Unit 3 Society and Family Life 社会与家庭生活

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英 3 Unit 3 Society and Family Life 社会与家庭生活

—Talking about changes in the family and society

谈论家庭与社会的变化

学习目标

1.描述发展趋势—名词/动词/修饰语(形容词/副词)

①动词rise / increase /go up ; fall /decrease /decline /go down

(用过去时描述过去某一时间/阶段发生的变化趋势;

用现在完成时发生在过去但现在还在持续的变化趋势)Inflation fell from 8% in 1992 to 6% in 1995.

通货膨胀从1992年的8%降到1995年的6%。

Inflation fell by 2% between 1992 and 1995.

通货膨胀在1992年到1995年间下降了2%。

In general, unemployment has risen.总体上看失业率在上升。Unemployment has gone up rapidly from 4%in 1997 to 8% now.

失业率从1994年的4%迅速上升到现在的8%。

②名词 a rise /an increase in;

a fall / a decrease /a decline in

③形容词/副词(修饰/限定变化趋势)

slow / slowly 慢的/慢慢地

slight / slightly 微小的/地

steady / steadily 平稳的/地

rapid / rapidly 迅速的/地

sharp / sharply 明显的/地

significant / significantly

显著的/地

(形容词放在名词前;副词放在动词后)

There has been a slight rise in population. 人口一直缓慢增长。

Unemployment has gone up slowly. 失业率缓慢上升。

④与描述变化趋势连用的介词from /to /by

from描述变化的起始点

to 描述变化的终止点

by 描述变化的量

The average wage fell from £8 per hour in 1992to£7 in 1995.

平均工资从1992年的每小时8英镑降到了1995年的7英镑。

Unemployment has gone up rapidly from 4 % in 1997 to 8 % in 2000. 失业率从1997年的4%迅速上升到2000年的8%。

The temperature dropped

to-8℃last night.

昨天夜晚温度降到零下8摄氏度。

The average wage fell by £ 1 between 1992 and 1995.

1992年到1995年间平均工资下降了1 英镑。

2.现在完成时(have /has +p.p.)

①表示发生在过去的一件事,但

与现在情况有联系—其影响

结果尚存(不提过去的时间)

I’ve lost my key. (无法进屋)

She’s gone to town. (她不

在这儿)

②表示某个动作从过去一直持

续到现在

与for /since /how long连用

(要用延续性v.)

(非延续性v.不可与for/since连用,但其否定式可以)

We’ve lived here for over 10

years /since 1995.

He has come here for 2 days.(×)→He has been here for 2 days.

She hasn’t come here for a year.(√)

非延续性v.—come/arrive→be here leave→be away

join→be in/be a member die→be dead

buy→have borrow→keep

③常和already /yet /just /ever

/never /before /recently这类副

词连用

The rain has already stopped (already).(肯;p.p.前/句尾)

Have you finished the work already? (疑;句尾)Has he phoned you yet? No, not yet. (疑/否;句尾)

He’s just left. (肯/疑;p.p.前)

Have you ever spoken English with a foreigner? (疑;p.p.前)

I have never been to the Great Wall.(疑/否,不再用not;p.p.前)

Have you seen Jim recently /lately?(肯/疑/否;句尾)

I have seen him somewhere before. (肯/疑/否;句尾)④可以和从过去某时到现在这

段时间的状语连用

today / this week /this month /in the past(last/recent)years / so far /up to now

3.连接词but和so

There has been a steady rise in

production, but we have not

employed more staff. (表示

转折,与前一句内容不一致)There has been a steady rise in