(完整word版)小升初英语介词专项.doc
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介词
一.定义。
介词是英语中很活跃的词,一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一个介
词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配,表示不同意义。
二.分类
介词按结构大致分为以下三类:
1.简单介词( Simple Prepositions)如:about,at,by,under,of,over..
2.符合介词( Compound Prepositions)如:inside,into,outside,without
3.短语介词( Phrasal Prepositions)如:in front of,because of,according to,
三.用法
at
①表示时刻: I go to school at seven every day我每天早上7点去上学。
②表示在某一具体地点(小地点): He is standing at the bus stop他站在公共汽车站。
③表示动作的方向、目标:Let me have a look at the picture让我看看这幅图。
④用于某些固定搭配: at once立刻、马上at last 最后
at the same time同时at first 开始时
not at all一点也不
about
①表示大约时间: It ’s about six o'clock now.现在大约 6 点钟了。
②表示地点;在周围:Everything about me is so beautiful我周围的一切都那么美好。
③关于,对于: We are talking about the news.我们正在谈论新闻。
④用于某些固定搭配:talk about谈论think about 考虑what/how about怎么样
after
①在之后:After dinner I watch TV.晚饭后我看电视。
②在后面:He came into the room after me.他在我后面进了房间。
behind
①在之后:There is a bike behind the tree.树后有一辆自行车
②比晚,迟于:The train is behind time.火车晚点了
by
①在旁:He is sitting by the bed.他正坐在床边。
②到时候:We have learned three English songs by now.到现在为止,我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。
③以方式:I go to school by bus.我乘公共汽车去上学。
④用于某些固定搭配:one by one一个接一个by the way顺便说一句
for
①为,给,替: I'll make a card for my teacher.我要给老师做张卡片。
②由于: Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮我。
③表示给(某人)用的:There is letter for you.这儿有你一封信。
④用于某些固定搭配:be good for对.....有好处be bad for对....有害
in
①在里面:The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。
②在一段时间里: We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。
③用,以: What's this in English? 这用英语怎么说?
④在某一年份,季节,月份: in 2002, in spring, in January
⑤表示状态,服饰: Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。
⑥在方面:He is weak in English.他的英语不行。
⑦用于某些固定搭配: in front of 在前面in the end 最后in time 及时
in bed 卧床in the sun 阳光下in class 课上 in English 用英语like
①像样:He looks like his father.他像他的父亲。
②这样,那样: Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。
③怎样: What's the weather like? 天气怎样。
④用于某些固定搭配: look like 看起来像sound like 听起来像
near
靠近,在附近: My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。
of
①的(表示所属关系):This is a photo of my family.这是一张我家的照片。
② 的(用于所有格): He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。
③表示数量(与连词连用):One of us is from Beijing.我们中有一个来自北京
④想到,谈到: I often think of them.我常常想到他们。
⑤用于某些固定搭配:of course当然because of因为,由于
on
①在上面:There are some apple on the tree.树上有些苹果。
②在(星期)天,在某天的上午(下午,晚上):
They go to English class on Sunday.星期天他们去上英语课。
I left Beijing on the morning of May 1.我在5月1日早上离开北京。
③用于某些固定搭配: on duty值日on time准时
over
①在正上方:There is a lamp over the table.桌子上方有一盏灯。
②遍及,穿过: There is a bridge over the river.有座桥横跨那条河。
③超过,不止: She is a little over 2.她两岁多了。
to
①到,往,向: He walks to the window.他走向窗户。
②表示时间、数量,到为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从 10 数到 30. ③向,
对,给: Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。
④用于某些固定搭配:from....to.... 从..... 到.....too....to.... 太..... 不能 .....
under
What's under your desk?你书桌底下是什么?
with