宾语(object) 表示行为的对象,动作的承受者,由名 词,代词(人称代词用宾格),不定式, 动名词,从句担当。 1)代词和名词充当宾语 The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing. (那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同 样的事情。) 2)不定式作宾语 He told me that the company could not afford to payy him so much money. (他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多钱) 3)动名词作宾语 They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他们如此喜爱足球以至于常常忘记了功 课) Tips ③动词+副词+宾语结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在 “动”“副”之间。Please put the shoes /them away =Please put away the shoes.(请把鞋子收起来) ④双宾语两种结构: 1)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He often gives me some help. 2)动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语 He often gives some help to me. (他常常帮我) (6)主语必须由代词充当 (反义问句的附加问句) 如: The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗) Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗) (7)祈使句一般省略主语(主 语省略) Tips ⑤在动词+宾语+宾补结构中,如果宾语是不定式, 动名词,宾语从句,则常用it作形式宾语,而将实际 的宾语移到补语后面去。 I found the job rather difficult/I found it rather difficult to do the job. (我发觉这个工作相当难做) 谓语(predicate) 表示主语的行为或进行的动作。 1)由实意动词充当 如: He travelled in space for thr first time. (他首次在太空旅行) Who teaches you English this year? (今年谁教你们英语?) 2)由Be动词充当 4)从句作宾语 I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding. (我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的) Tips ①只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语。 Listen to the radio.(Listen不是及物动词,故加to) Can you hear anything exciting? (你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息嘛) ②疑问句中宾语放在句首或者介词后。 What did he see?(他看见了什么?) With what does he write a letter?/ (他用什么写的信) 谓语动词的正确搭配 ①情态动词+原型动词 You’d better /shall/ will/go over the lesson (你最好复习着一课) ②be+现在分词或者过去分词 What are you doing thiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ evening? (你今晚打算做什么) Many trees have been cut down since 1970s. (自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐) 英语句子成分 句子的组成部分叫句子成分。一个句子一般由两 部分组成,即主语(subject)部分和谓语 (predicate)部分,他们都是句子的主要成分。句子 的次要成分包括宾语(object),定语(attribute), 状语(adverbial),表语(predicative)和补语 (complement)。 如: we are good friends. (我们是要好的朋友) I am a student. (我是一个学生) 3)由系动词充当 如: The pizza has gone bad. (那块烧饼已经变坏) She feels nervous when she is taking exam. (考试的时候她很紧张) Leaves turn yellow in fall. (秋天叶子变黄了。) (5)由it充当(主语替换) 如: It is very important to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在成途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了) Eating too much is bad for your health.=It is bad for your health eating too much. (吃得太多对你的身体不利) 如: Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁) (8)主谓一致(单复数保持一 致) 如: Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试) The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族) 主语(subject) 句子的主体,谓语述说的对象,说明动 作是谁发出的。充当主语的形式:1)名 词 2)代词 3)名词短语 4)名词从句 5)数词 6)不定式 7)ing形式 8)介词短 语(少见) (1)由名词充当 如: The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家花了一幅漂亮的画) (2)由代词(人称代词用 主格)充当 如: They fouhght against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗) (3)由动词不定式充当 如: To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实) (4)由动词ing形式充当 如: Helping animls is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类)