3短文改错常见错误类型
1.谓语动词的错误：常见动词错误类型有：①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;
②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。Theydid not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改为do，错误类型属于①)As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories.(visiting改为visited,错误类型属于②)Therewill an important game next month.(will后加be,错误类型属于④)Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout.(was改为were，错误类型属于③)
2.名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改为subjects)Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words)Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)
3.连词错误：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系
who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.(错用了who的所有格形式，改为
whose)Iteachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and)Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)
4.冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改为the，the same是固定搭配)Aseveryone knows,it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants.(mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a)I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词，故have后加a)
5.形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词
(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词
修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully
timetogether.(time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰)Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)
6.代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English.(me改为myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it)If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out.(other后加
s)What’smore,you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care
ofhim.(him改为them)
7.非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper.(enjoy 后需接动名词，talk改为talking)But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves.(介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading) Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.(and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)
8.介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用Thereare too many people among my family.(among改为in，in myfamily 为固定搭配)I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched thepillow.(去掉at, themoment 引导从句)
为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。
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