一、Introduction“广泛涉猎诵读经典”是学习任何一门语言的必经之路，语言写作尤其如此。
英语托福写作大致可以分为三重境界：一、看别人写，积累优秀表达以及优秀写作手法；二、模仿别人写作，将自己的积累运用于实践，在实践中提高自己的写作水平；三、写给别人看（master级别）。
学习是一朝一夕的积累，不能有半点倦怠。
这个暑假对于即将进入托福考场的你们至关重要，一定要be respectful to your precious time, 不给自己留遗憾。
二、Part Two: 机经优秀作文集To begin with, there can surely be no argument that ‘money makes the world go round’. Therefore, to leave high school students ignorant of the basic facts of everyday life is a negative measure in this modern world. For example, they need to know about how to handle simple, but essential things like paying for their rent, travel, and living expenses.Equally important(同样重要的是), young people leaving school ought to be equipped with an understanding of how insurance, mortgages, pensions, and investments work, and how they affect all of our lives directly. For the most part, today’s young people enter the real world largely ignorant of these fundamentals. As a result, many blunder(失误错误) into debt difficulties which could have been avoided.Conversely, it is argued that teaching economics should be left until college years. However, what of those who do not progress to college(进入大学)? For another thing, even many professors concede that college economics focuses mostly on theory, and not the required practical elements of everyday personal finance. Consequently, many would miss out on the early learning of handling their money in an efficient manner.Overall, it is my contention that a basic understanding of personal finance cannot be ignored at high school. Are we to leave our young people blundering in the dark(在黑暗中犯错), and sometimes making serious mistakes, all because our schools have ignored a basic element of everyday life?(修辞疑问句) Adults should take responsibility, through school life, of equipping our young people with the essentials to survive, let alone prosper in this globalized world.3)Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? If parents want their children to do well at school, they should limit the time their children spend on watching TV.（儿童成长教育类）School children are at a critical stage in the development of language, social and other cognitive skills(认知技能), but heavy television viewing(过度看电视节目) often hampers(妨碍束缚) the development of these skills and therefore (结果是)lowers children’s academic performance in school. Responsible parents sho uld establish healthy television viewing habits for children by strictly limiting the amount of time children spend on watching television.There are strong links between television viewing habits and children’s performance in school. Studies have shown t hat children who spend too much time in front of the television get lower grades than their peers who watch little or no television. It has also been shown that children with television sets in their bedrooms earn lower test scores than children without. One important reason for this is that television discourages reading(体会discourage的用法) which requires much more thinking than television, and fosters children’s healthy brain development.Apart from(除了..., 在写作中的用法为：除了上述第一个分论点之外，还有...引出第二个分论点) affecting chi ldren’s mind, watching television is also physically unhealthy. One major problem is obesity. Children who watch television a lot are more likely to be overweight because they spend much of their time sitting on a sofa rather than to exercise. Watching television for too long a time and at too close a distance ruins(破坏毁坏)children’s eyesight. Television can also cause sleep problems. These health issues can all influence children’s performance at school in a negative way(结尾应回归到影响学校表现上).Some people might argue that televisions can be used as a potential educational tool. However, often this is not the case. There are actually very few programs on television today that teach children important academic or thinking skills. Most programs aimed at children, such as cartoons, for example, have become crude, distasteful(品味低下的), and unsuitable for children towatch because they contain very little valuable content and often depict violence and vulgar language.(此段为让步转折写作手法)In conclusion, to ensure that their children study well at school, parents should monitor both how much time their children spend watching television and the type of programs they watch, and encourage them to watch those that are educational. Children should also be encouraged to find time for other activities such as playing with friends or pursuing hobbies.2、Job 、leader、and Success1）Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time. （此类文章为比较逻辑关系文章，注意文章论述中一直出现的比较级形式）It is true that a high-paying job allows people to gain more money to ensure a more comfortable and worry-free (无忧无虑的)life. With a high income, people can buy delicious foods, live in good housing, purchase expensive commodities and afford high quality healthcare. Earning a high income also wins recognition, respect and admiration from others, which is why doctors and lawyers are among the most respected jobs in the world. However, personally I find these people not happy at all, if they have to sacrifice their leisure time for a high income. And I would rather do the contrary（我宁愿选择对立面，即相反观点）– to sacrifice a high salary just to be able to have more days off work so I can enjoy my vacation.First of all, if people choose a less strenuous job with more vacation time, they can become physically healthier and emotionally happier. This kind of job means people have more spare time. They can have a good relaxing time on vocation, which is helpful to their health. On the holiday, they can do many exercises and play sports to reduce stress and release tension(stress 和tension可以叠用表示压力). When people have a lot of spare time, they can also enjoy more recreation and amusement, which are the elements of a happy life. In contrast, those people who have high a salary but less vacation time often focus too much on their work. As a result, they ignore their physical and mental health, and may be overwhelmed by pressure.What’s more, the relationship between a person and his/her family members will be much improved if he/she chooses a job with more vacation time because he/she has more time to stay with family members and join in family activities such as picnicking and camping. Consequently, he/she has more connection with family members, and this will prevent many problems usually found in families with a lack of communication. This is also true with relationship among friends. By comparison, those who have high-salary jobs often find themselves so busy coping with projects, sales targets, meetings, business travels, so on and so forth（词汇的叠用强调工作的无止境）, that they cannot spare even one day for a friends gathering or a family trip. This is something I definitely（绝对）would not want.By comparing these two types of working conditions, one would easily see which is better. Of course there are always a few people in the world who are workaholic工作狂, or who are skillful enough to find an excellent balance between life and work. But I have to admit that I am not such type of person. If I had to choose between the two, I would have to sacrifice salary for personal time.2）It is more enjoyable to have a job which requires you to work only three days a week with long hours rather than to have one which demands you to work five days a week with shorter hours.I would rather choose a job which demands me to work five days a week with shorter hours. Though three days of work a week will allow people four days of holiday in a row连续地, during which they can go on trips, there are some drawbacks缺点of working for longer hours and fewer days.To begin with, working for longer hours for only three days does harm to people’s health. If every week there is three dayswhen people get exhausted精疲力尽这里get用作系动词表示变得from their work, they are sure to run out of energy经历都用完了也是表示精疲力尽. The rest four days, on the other hand, is likely to be spent playing with friends. This style of living may well leave此处leave是表示使某事/某物处于某一种状态people’s life out of order. Take my experience for example. I have worked day and night for three days in preparation for an exam. And after the exam, I went on a trip with my friends. When I returned school, I was exhausted because of lack of rest. So it is not a good idea to work for long hours and have too long vacation.Besides, having long holidays will keep you from working efficiently. People who work five days a week tend to work with low efficiency the day after the weekend due to the fact that they cannot adjust themselves to working immediately. Then what will happen to people working only three days while having four days off? They will be inefficient in one third of their workingpeaceful life like everyone else does. Therefore, it is not always intriguing to receive high recognition from the society.To sum up, I do not believe that people regard public recognition more important than financial income. Even if there are indeed some people working hard for recognition, mere recognition will never be their ultimate destination最终目标.4）Do you agree with the following statement? In a team, those who do not accept others’ criticism批评can not succeed. There is no way(...是不可能的) one can avoid criticism from other people. Criticism is very natural as most people can see the world only from their point of view. Hence they are unable to see the holistic picture of the world and the need for diversity. Ifa person does not know how to handle criticism from other members of a team, he/she may tend to react negatively towards them, and his/her work performance is not likely to be successful.While working in a team, you can not be sure that your opinions, decisions or approaches (观点、决策和方法；体会词汇的叠用)are always correct, and in many cases you will need to accept criticism from other members who will point out your mistakes and direct引导you towards the right course of action. In sports, for example, especially in team sports such as football or basketball, any one player, no matter how skillful or experienced this player is(插入语), will make mistakes during a game, sometimes even “deadly致命的ones”. And when criticisms pour in after the game, from team members, the coach, or team fans, the best strategy is not to run away or find excuses to avoid these criticisms, but to listen to and accept their criticisms, take their advice, and try hard to improve the next time.Other times, you may occasionally be misinterpreted, misjudged, and therefore unfairly criticized, but in a friendly work environment, these criticisms are often made out of good will. So in these cases it may be helpful that you listen carefully to what others say and try to understand their points of view, instead of reacting aggressively towards them, which may harm team relationship in the long run(优秀长句子). I think we all have seen, in real life or on a TV program(插入语), a situation where two people started yelling at对...大喊大叫each other only because one thinks the other is intentionally finding fault. But often this is due to a simple misunderstanding or miscommunication. A successful team player would first of all stay calm, summarize the other person’s perspective, then find out the root of such misunderstanding, and finally re solve the conflict.（承认自己所支持的观点可能会有一些弊端存在但是整体而言是好的这也是托福写作论证手法之一）Criticism, especially if it seems unjustified（插入语本篇文章中的插入语的使用值得借鉴模仿）, can be painful and cause a defensive reaction, but a truly successful team player will face criticism with patience and professionalism, and turn it into a constructive force towards final success.5）Some people have ambitious dreams and keep following them, but other people always focus on realistic goals and try to achieve them. Which do you think is better?（抽象类文章是托福考试中较难的题目）“Ambitious, bold and daring” vs. “realistic, reasonable and practical”. These two sets words, although quite opposite in meaning, are often both used to describe successful people and their positive characters. However, it is difficult for a person to possess both sets of qualities at the same time, so we should, according to our own personality or circumstance, choose one way or the other when we are setting and trying to achieve a particular goal.We need to set goals grand enough to challenge ourselves(我们的目标应具有足够的挑战性). If we don’t have to push ourselves beyond our current limits to reach our goals, we are not really achieving anything. To truly be successful, and reach our true potential, we must constantly push ourselves to move outside of our “comfort zone”. To have ambitious dreams, like “I want to become the next president” ,is nothing wrong because even if it is extremely unlikely to achieve that, we will be more consciously paying attention to and gradually learn, in the process of chasing this unrealistic dream插入语, the necessary skills and qualities that are required to become a president.However, if our goals become too ambitious and cannot possibly be achieved, then they become discouraging and meaningless and that’s why we sometimes need realistic goals eit her. Imagine you earn a monthly income of $10,000. Now, if you set a goal of earning 10 times that amount the next month, without success of course, but keep setting this same goal again and again, you will finally get very disappointed. Instead, you should be more realistic by, for example, setting a target of earning a certain percentage more at a reasonable time frame, which will make your goal much easier to achieve and you will be happier and much more forward driven.So there are reasons for being either ambitious or realistic. The important thing is that we should have a clear goal in life. Goals provide us with a fulfilling purpose. Without goals, our lives become meaningless.（本文是折中式写作即两者结合是最好）6）Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to succeed, you should be more like others than be different from everyone else.In order to succeed you should not try to be like others. It is more important to be unique and separate yourself from the crowd. If a person always tries to fit in then they will never truly find success, because success requires new and independent ideas and imitating others will impede creative ideas. Many successful businessmen were independent thinkers who had ideas that were new, bold, and different. It is this kind of vision and foresight which is pivotal to success.When Bill Gates first started Microsoft he had a vision that the personal computer would change the face of technology. It was a unique idea which no other person had ever imagined before. Many believed he was crazy, laughing at the thought of humans spending so much time and energy in front of an electronic device. Others could not understand exactly what the purpose of a computer was. This was precisely why Gates found the idea so compelling. The personal computer was created without any specific purpose; it could be used for an infinite amount of things and applied to all facets of life. This was Bill Gates’ d aring and unique vision. If he had tried to be like others Gates would never have dropped out of school to start his company. He would have followed the more common path and the results would have been much more mediocre.If you want to stand out, you must be different. Many people work in a company and do their best to fit in and follow the rules. Though order and hierarchy exist to streamline work and create efficiency it is important to make yourself stand out. If you always do your work quietly then you will never be noticed by your superiors. The better tactic 战略策略is to stand up and let your presence be known to those around you. Perhaps a person may feel their ideas are too strange or unacceptable, that theyfly against the company culture or in the face of current logic. But these different and strange ideas are the ones that are most important. They are the ideas that will set you apart from your colleagues and peers. From these ideas new ways of thinking will arise. As a result new and potentially groundbreaking ideas will be born. It is important not to squelch压榨压扁these ideas, but to cultivate them.Do not be afraid to be different. Success comes to those that stand out from the crowd, not from those that follow. Bill Gates and other successful businessmen have all made fortunes from ideas that were different and new. They believed in themselves and they knew that doing the same things will only bring the same results. To truly find success you should not try to fit in, you should take advantage of your differences.7）Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Successful leaders should make others part of thedecision-making process.In modern society, with the increasing competitive pressure among enterprises, leaders are seeking efficient strategies to better develop their companies, among which a very important one is talent strategy. From my point of view, participatory decision-making is a crucial part of that strategy. Thus, an effective leader shall make others feel they have been part of a decision. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.To begin with, involving employees in a decision can improve and perfect动词用法the decision. As an old Chinese saying goes, “Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the mastermind.” One man’s ability is limited after all, no matter how excellent he is. Take a person who I know for example. He is the manager of a trading company, skilled in managing but not marketing. Therefore, he must consult with his subordinates 下属who are good at marketing to make sure that every deal, whether big or small插入语, will be successful. If he did not make his subordinates feel they were part of the decision, they would not make all efforts to give their suggestions to perfect the decision.Furthermore, making employees take part in a decision can raise working efficiency and guarantee the correct and effective implementation of the work. If employees get down to their work without in-depth knowledge of the decision, they may take actions based on their own understanding of the decision, which may probably interfere with the correct and effective accomplishment of the work. Besides, if they have not understood the decision deeply, when encountering unexpected problems, they would not take proper measures.In addition, making employees feel they have been part of a decision can uplift 增强提升their sense of responsibility and enhance team cohesion. If employees are required to or are given the opportunity to participate in decision making, they will feel they are paid attention to by the leader and have a certain sense of self-importance, which will promote their sense of responsibility. Only when they possess such sense of responsibility, will they spare no effort to implement the decision. Without this awareness, they will not expand extra energies to overcome exist difficulties and push the decision forward. Meanwhile, when all the team members strive for the same goal为共同目标奋斗, the team cohesion团结一致will be enhanced.In a nutshell, I think it is wise for a leader to make others feel they have been part of a decision, not only because it can advance the implementation of a decision, but also because it can enhance team cohesion, or even can promote the development of a company.8）It is important to make sure that others know about your strengths and accomplishments; if you are not so,you will be never successful in life.If people are unaware of your talents and other good qualities, you obviously will not stand out among your peers. To be successful you not only have to work hard, but you have to make sure others know you work hard, as well. Of course you should let others know of your strength and accomplishments, but the best way to let them know is by showing, not by just telling.College applications-or applications of any kind-are a perfect example. Colleges want what kind of student you are and what kind of student you will be in college. You must show them that you are a good student and that you are interested in whatever you want to study. But in the essay, you cannot just state that you are a good student, are hardworking, and enjoy mathematics; you must show them. If you are interested in mathematics, then you probably did something in high school related to mathematics, such as the math club. In your essay, you must be sure to mention your participation in math club, but also activities your math club in order to show colleges that you will be active in your mathematics major. If you simply state that you like math, colleges will not be as impressed.It is important to let others know of your achievements; otherwise you will not be successful in life. The field of science can provide many examples of the validity of this statement. In science, communicating your discoveries is as important as discovery things in the first place. Everybody knows that the scientists Watson and Crick discovered the double-helix structure of DNA. Many people are not aware that this model was first theorized by a female scientist working in the same lab as Watson and Crick. However, Watson and Crick published their findings before the woman published her own findings. In science, credit is given to whoever publishes first, so the Watson and Crick are given full credit for the discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA. In order to be successful, you must let other people know of your accomplishments.Don't just tell people you're good at writing. Start a blog and show people how accomplished of a writer you are.The key to success is to play to your strengths and to not be shy about showing other people your talents.【Tips】独立写作的body part 即分论点如何进行brainstorming：①a三个角度个人-集体-国家b 万能理由：efficiency(time, money, energy),money(save money, economical),health(mental,physical health), safety, emotional feeling(a sense of responsibility, security, freshness, belonging, national pride, achievement),environment(environmentally friendly), knowledge and skill, entertainment and relaxation, experience, convenienceEg: A person’s job has more effects on his or her happiness than this person’s social life doe s. 就可以从support one's interest(个人层面)+improve the quality of families(家庭层面)+ donate money to country(国家/社会层面)这样实现三个角度的递进。
