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(完整word版)可数与不可数名词

(完整word版)可数与不可数名词
(完整word版)可数与不可数名词

寒假专题二:名词数的表达

二. 重点、难点:

语法详解:不可数名词及可数名词数的表达

三. 具体内容:

重难点解析:

英语表达数目和数量的特别方法

不可数名词没有表示复数的“—s”标志,因此前面不可有数目字,只可以有数量词。例如我们可以说①,不可以说②:

①There is not much furniture(家具)in the office.

②There are not many furnitures in the office.

这是不是说不可数名词就不可数呢?不然。相反的,不可数名词也是可数的,主要方法是借助单位词(unit word),如:

a piece of,a cup of,a drop of,a lump of,a handful of,a flash of,a blade of,a head of,a bar of,an ear of等。

如果数目超过“一”,就以确实数目取代“一”。例如:

two pieces of,three cups of 和five lumps of 等。

现在试试把上述这类单位词和适当的不可数名词连用。

①Mr. Li has just bought a piece of new furniture.

②Give me a cup of cold water,please.

③Please put two lumps of sugar in my coffee.

④The boy picked up two handfuls of sand from the beach.

⑤We saw a flash of lightning in the sky.

⑥The gardener pulled out blades of wild grass from the garden.

⑦She gave bars of chocolate to the visiting children.

有些名词如scissors,trousers,spectacles,tongs,pliers 等,都以复数形式出现,如:

⑧The scissors are lying on the table.

⑨The spectacles fit me nicely.

如果要给这些名词表示单数“一”的意思,就要借重单位词了。例如:

⑩Mary has just bought a pair of scissors.

11 The mechanic repaired the machine with a set of pliers.

现代英语注重简洁,合成形容词便应运而生,其中有一种是用来表示数目的,方法是:“数目+名词”,如:a five—year plan,a ten—dollar note,a two—hour meeting,a three —day conference等。

必须注意的是,这种合成形容词中的名词,只能以单数形式出现。如果用复数,就错了,如:

a five—years plan,a ten—dollars note,a two—hours meeting,a three—days conference.

这类错误,虽然频率不是很高,但也是要留意才好。

如果没有把握,不妨用完整的表达方式,如:

a five—year plan→a plan of five years

a ten—dollar note→a note of ten dollars

a three—day conference→a conference of three days 等。

【典型例题】

可数名词和不可数名词

一、名词:名词是所有事物的名称,包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语,宾语或表语等。

1. 普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征,普通名词又可分为以下四类:

A. 个体名词:表示人或物体中可以数清的个体。如:student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、bird(鸟)等。

B. 集体名词:(即集合名词)表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police (警察)、family(家庭)等

C. 物质名词:表示构成物体物质的不可数名词,或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。

D. 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。

2. 专有名词:专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。

二、可数名词和不可数名词。

1)可数名词:一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

例如:a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。

名词单数变复数变化如下:

1. 词尾直接加s如:

cat—cats bag—bags day—days

2. 以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加es 如:

class—classes match—matches box—boxes dish —dishes

3. 以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i, 加es. 元音加y结尾的词直接加s,

如:party—parties city—cities story—stories

boy—boys monkey—monkeys key—keys 等。

4. 以f或fe结尾的词, 变f或fe为v, 加es,如:

wife —wives half—halves

注意特殊情况直接加“s”,要逐个记chiefs, handkerchiefs, roofs.

5. 以辅音加o 结尾的词常加es, 如:tomatoes, potatoes, heroes.

元音加o结尾直接加s. 如:radios, zoos, pianos.

特殊情况:photos

6. 名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记。如:man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth,

goose—geese, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice

2)不可数名词

不可数名词不能用数字计算。包括物质名词(air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如:English, air, water, cotton, work…

不可数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+of+名词。如:a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper

注意事项:

1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能用a,an,但可用the,或不用冠词,如:Bread is the usual

breakfast.

2. 虽然不可数名词没有复数变化,但量词超过一时要加复数。

如:three cups of coffee, five bottles of water

3. 有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如:ten bags of rice —ten baskets of eggs

1. 英语句式要在主语、谓语上保持数的一致。

1)These are new__________.

A. book

B. a book

C. books

D. /

注:名词的复数形式及其发音。

可数名词的复数形式一般在单数形式后+s , 清辅音后的s读/s/, 浊辅音或元音后的s 读/z/.

map—maps /s/

friend—friends /z/

radio—radios /z/

在s,x, ch, sh结尾的词后+es , 此es读/iz/

fox——foxes

bus—buses

box—boxes

wish—wishes

watch—watches

class—classes

在以辅音字母+y的词后,把y变成i ,再加es, 此es读/iz/;元音字母+y结尾的词则+s,读/z/.

story——stories

city——cities

boy——boys

play——plays

day——days

以f,fe结尾的词,把f,fe变成v, 再加es, es读/z/。

wife—wives

leaf——leaves

wolf—wolves

beef—beeves

以o结尾的词,多数+es, 少数+s, 都读/z/

tomato——tomatoes

hero——heroes

potato——potatoes

Negro——Negroes

radio——radios

piano——pianos

zoo———zoos

photo——photos

词形不变

deer sheep Chinese Japanese

有的复数在词形上要作相应变化:

a German Germans

an American Americans

an Egyptian Egyptians

an Arab Arabs

a Russian Russians

an Italian Italians

a Frenchman Frenchmen

an Englishman Englishmen

特殊变化

man men

woman women

fisherman fishermen

foot feet

tooth teeth

goose geese

child children

mouse mice

ox oxen

policeman policemen

2. 抽象名词的用法:英语中有一部分名词用来表示抽象概念,这些抽象名词前不加“a ”,后不加“s”.

1)His father went to his doctor for _______ about his heart trouble.

A. an advice

B. some advice

C. advice

D. the advices

又如:

progress information

fun news

weather work

housework homework

advice为不可数名词,没有复数形式。可以说some advice, 但不能说an advice

表示一条建议:a piece of advice

一条信息:a piece of information

例1 Swimming is _______ in summer.

A. a great fun

B. great fun

C. great funs

D. great a fun

fun是抽象名词(不可数名词),前面不能用冠词,也没有复数形式。

如:You’re sure to have some fun at the New Year’s party.

Don’t make fun of John.

例2 Mother does all the housework in our home.

例3 We have finish our ________.

A. homework

B. homeworks

C. job

D. works

homework和housework均没有复数形式。

job(一件工作、零活)是可数名词,job还有“职位、职业”的意思。

I’ve got a job for you, wash these bowls.

He has a good job in a bank.

He has been out of a job for months.

work是指具体的“工作”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。但works有“工事,工程、工厂”的意思。

I see you’ve made some drawings of our defence w orks.

A chemical works has been put up in my home town.

3. 不可数名词表示量的方法。

1)I’ll tell you ________.

A. a good news

B. good a news

C. a piece of good news

D. some piece of good news

2)There are ______ books in our school library.

A. piles and piles

B. pile and pile of

C. piles and piles of

D. pile of

又如:

Front page news is(are 错)very important.

No news is (are错)good news.

There are some pieces of news.

a glass of milk

two glasses of milk

two bowls of meat

a plate of fish

two pieces of advice

a bottle of water

ten pieces of paper

two pieces of bread

a pile of books

可用much, a little, a lot of , much, little, plenty of+ 不可数名词表示不可数名词的量。

There is much water in the cup.

We have a little time.

We have plenty of snow in winter in our country.

4. 同一名词的不同含义。

·fish和fishes的区别。fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”解释时,是物质名词(不可数名词),这时的fish总是单数形式。fishes变成复数形式,表示“种类”。

1)He doesn’t like_______ very much.

A. fish

B. fishes

C. fishs

D. fish meat

又如:

We had fish for dinner.

They caught many fishes last night.

·a room和room的不同概念。room表示“空间、地方”时是不可数名词,room 前不加冠词;room表示“房间”时是可数名词。

2)Children should make ________ for old people in a bus.

A. room

B. a room

C. rooms

D. the room

This is a house with three rooms.

The fat lady took up too much room.

又如:

·chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,chicken也可作可数名词当“小鸡”讲。

3)Is there _______ on that plate?

A. some chicken

B. any chicken

C. some chickens

D. any chicken

4)There are ________ under that tree.

A. some chicken

B. some chickens

C. much chicken

D. a lot of chickens

·wood 作“木头”解时,是物质名词,不可数名词,没有复数形式,前面不能加冠词a

5)We need two _______ to repair the table.

A. block of woods

B. blocks of wood

C. block of wood

D. blocks of woods

6)Tables are made of _________.

A. wood

B. woods

C. some woods

D. a wood

This kind of wood can be made into chairs and tables.

·woods是“树林”的意思,总是用复数形式。

The boys could hear birds whistling at the edge of the woods.

类似这样的名词还有:

water 水waters 水域

sand 沙子sands 沙滩

work 工作works 著作

fruit 水果fruits 劳动果实

good 利益goods 货物

7)Ten years had passed. I found she had _____________.

A. a little white hair

B. some white hair

C. a few white hairs

D. much white hair

·hair泛指毛发时为不可数名词,没有复数形式,是“毛发的总称”。不管多少都用hair

I must have my hair cut.

My hair has grown very long.

·若指“一根或几根毛发”时,hair则为可数名词。

There are three white hairs on his coat.

I have found a hair in the soup.

8)We know __________ doesn’t travel so fast as light.

A. sound

B. sounds

C. a sound

D. the sound

sound作不可数名词用时,意思是“一般性的声音”,不是指“某一所能听到的声音”。

Sound travels at 1,100 feet per second.

指“一次发出的声音”,sound 就变为可数名词了。

He opened the door without making a sound.

9)Please hand your _________in !

A. paper

B. papers

C. a paper

D. the papers

paper当“纸”讲是不可数名词。

paper当“卷子”、“图纸”、“报纸”讲是可数名词。

a piece of paper

a sheet of paper

What do the papers say?

He has read a paper on teaching of English.

Our teacher looked over our examination papers.

paper前可加上不定冠词“a”表示“一种……的纸”。

Bamboo can be made into a good paper.

5. 同一名词的不同含义。英语中有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,但意思不一样,使用时要注意区别。

1)I wonder why ______ are interested in watching TV plays.

A. the people

B. people

C. peoples

D. the peoples

people 泛指“人民、人们”时,是单数的形式复数的意思,是集合名词,前面不能加冠词,不能用复数形式peoples, 后面的谓语动词应用复数形式。

How many people are there in your family?

Five.

There were a lot of people at yesterday’s meeting.

The Chinese people are hard—working and brave.

当people作“民族”解释时,是普通的可数名词,有单数和复数两种形式。

The Chinese are a peace—loving people.

There are twenty people from five peoples in the room.

The peoples of the world must unite in the causes of freedom and peace.

与people用法相似的还有police“警察”。

the police指“警方”或“一群警察”,police的形式总是单数,(不能在police前加a,police后也不加s),而谓语动词用复数形式。

The police have(不是has)caught the murderer.

police前不能使用“确定的数字”,但police前可以使用“不确定的数字”。

Several hundred police are needed.

要表示确定数量的警察,可以说:

a policeman

three policemen

6. 只有复数的名词表示量的方法。

1)If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller___________.

A. set

B. one

C. piece

D. pair

有些名词只用复数形式,常见的有:trousers, glasses, 这两个词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

My trousers are too long.

也可以在trousers或glasses前加上a pair of 表示“一副”,当a pair of trousers(glasses)作主语时,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式,表示复数时把量词变为复数形式。

There is a pair of glasses on the table.

There are five pairs of trousers on the bed.

John bought two pairs of shoes for himself yesterday.

7. 名词的复数形式表示法。表示“女医生”,“女司机”复数的变化。

1)There are sixty—seven _______ in our school.

A. women’s teacher

B. women teachers

C. woman teachers

D. women teacher

a woman teacher women teachers

a woman doctor women doctors

a woman driver women drivers

8. 名词作定语表示“类别”的用法。

1)The children are planting __________ trees.

A. apples

B. an apple

C. apple

D. a apples

当名词作定语表示“类别”时只用单数形式,该名词不加“s”形式。

There are two coffee cups on the table.

而two cups of coffee, 是“两杯咖啡”的意思。

They went into a book store to buy some books.

There is a glass factory near our school.

a table lamp a bus stop

a tomato field sound waves

light waves room number

bird food home use

city noise letter boxes

lunch room(快餐饭馆)traffic accident

bus driver

9. 名词所有格的构成。

1)The second room is the __________ office.

A. teacher

B. teachers

C. teachers’

D. teacher’s

表示有生命名词的所有格,单数名词后加’s ,复数名词后加’s , 不规则名词复数后加’s 2)That is ______ violin.

A. Tom

B. Tom’s

C. Toms

D. Tom’

3)_________ parents are famers.

A. John

B. John’s

C. Johns

D. Johns’

4)My aunt is ______________.

A. my father’s brother

B. my father’s sister

C. my sister’s fat her

D. my brother’s father

5)Where are the __________ bags?

A. women’s

B. woman’s

C. women of

D. of women

6)The _________ books have been stolen by a thief.

A. children

B. children’s

C. childrens’

D. childrens

10. “在……某人的家或商店”的用法。

1)I stayed at ________ last Sunday.

A. my uncle’s

B. of my uncles’

C. my uncle’s family

D. my uncle 表示在某人的家有两种表示方法。

at Mr. Brown’s house = at Mr. Brown’s

at a tailor’s shop = at a tailor’s

at a doctor’s office = at a doctor’s

He called at Mr. Brown’s (house)last year.

He went to the doctor’s (office).

11. 无生命的名词所有格的构成。

1)Did you ask for a ________ leave?

A. two—days

B. two day’s

C. two days’

D. two—days’

表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,其所有格在该名词后加’s

2)A ________ walk didn’t make me tired.

A. two—hour

B. two—hours

C. two—hours’

D. two—hours’s

3)It’s _______ walk.

A. three kilometre’s

B. three kilometres’

C. three kilometres

D. of three kilometre

Th is is a piece of Shanghai’s newspaper.

He is listening to today’s news by radio.

Beijing is China’s capital.

4)After playing football we took _______ rest.

A. a few minute’s

B. a few minutes’

C. a little minute’s

D. a littl e minutes’

5)The earth is one of the __________ planets.

A. sun

B. sun’s

C. suns

D. suns’

12. 无生命的名词所有格用of 表示。

On the wall there is a _________.

A. China’s map

B. map of China

C. China map

D. Chinese map 又如:

the windows of the room

a map of the world

the people of other countries

There are two pictures of the forest on the wall.

We repaired the beds of the flowers.(花坛)

13. 双重所有格的用法。

1)He is ___________.

A. an old friend of me

B. an old friend mine

C. an old friend of my

D. my an old friend

2)Miss Smith is a friend of ____________.

A. Mary’s mother’s

B. Mary’s mother

C. mother’s of Mary

D. Mary mother’s

This is an invent ion of Tom’s father’s.

14. 单词辨析。family , home , house

1)Our new ________ has four bedrooms and a sitting room.

A. home

B. house

C. family

D. place family 指组成家庭的成员。

How many people are there in your family?

His family is close.(和睦)

home指某人出生及日常生活的那种环境,不涉及家庭成员。

Let’s go home, for it is getting darker and darker.

The Smiths are at home.

My home is in Nanjing.

house一般指居住的建筑物,它可以出租买卖。

His house was built of stones.

He has a house with a beautiful small garden.

The houses are on show.

15. 单词辨析

money cent pay dollar

1)The dentist did not tell how many ________ I should pay for pulling out the tooth.

A. pay

B. money

C. cent

D. dollars

money 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,不能用many

cent 是可数名词,意思是“美分”,但须用复数形式。

pay是“工资”的意思,也是不可数名词。

dollar (美元)是可数名词,复数是dollars

【模拟试题】(答题时间:20分钟)

I. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词,并写出其复数形式:

In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”

II. 找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:

homework ______half ______advice ______ money ______

knowledge ______boot _____blood ______music ______

chicken ________heat _____mouth ______bread _______

information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________

III. 选择填空:

1. The deer has four ______.

A. foot

B. feet

C. feets

D. foots

2. Her two brothers are both ______.

A. policeman

B. policemans

C. policemen

D. policemens

3. There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen

B. Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese, Germans

4. Two ______ would come to the village.

A. woman—doctors

B. women doctor

C. women doctors

D. woman doctors

5. Can you see nine _____ in the picture?

A. sheep

B. dog

C. pig

D. horse

6. The _____ has two ______.

A. boys, watches

B. boy, watch

C. boy, watches

D. boys, watch

7. The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.

A. tooth

B. tooths

C. teeth

D. teeths

8. The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.

A. woman

B. women

C. man

D. men

9. There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.

A. tomatos

B. tomato

C. tomatoes

D. tomatoss

10. The cat caught two ______ last night.

A. mouses

B. mice

C. mouse

D. mices

【试题答案】

I. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词,并写出其复数形式:

In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!”

market –markets buyer-buyers seller- sellers cat- cats

dollar – dollars bird – birds

II. 找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式:

homework ______half ______advice ______ money ______

knowledge ______boot _____blood ______music ______

chicken ________heat _____mouth ______bread _______

information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________

advices boots mouths cows 打勾略

III. 选择填空:

1. The deer has four ___ B ___.

A. foot

B. feet

C. feets

D. foots

2. Her two brothers are both ___ C ___.

A. policeman

B. policemans

C. policemen

D. policemens

3. There are four __ C ___ and two ______ in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen

B. Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese, Germans

4. Two __ C ____ would come to the village.

A. woman—doctors

B. women doctor

C. women doctors

D. woman doctors

5. Can you see nine __ A ___ in the picture?

A. sheep

B. dog

C. pig

D. horse

6. The _____ has two ___ C ___.

A. boys, watches

B. boy, watch

C. boy, watches

D. boys, watch

7. The boy often brushes his ___ C __ before he goes to bed.

A. tooth

B. tooths

C. teeth

D. teeths

8. The Japanese __ A__ will not leave China until she finishes her study.

A. woman

B. women

C. man

D. men

9. There are lots of ___ C __ in the basket on the table.

A. tomatos

B. tomato

C. tomatoes

D. tomatoss

10. The cat caught two ___ B ___ last night.

A. mouses

B. mice

C. mouse

D. mices

名词(可数名词和不可数名词)

专题一名词 主要考查三个方面: 1、联系上下文,考查同义词、近义词辨析; 2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词 组的意义和用法; 3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。 ◆名词的数 规则名词的复数形式

可数名词复数形式的不规则变化

常见的不可数名词

不可数名词的量化 a block of一块; a bottle of一瓶 a group of一群; a pile of一堆 a pair of一组/双/对; a piece of一片/张/块既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词

【2016 广东】 The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles 【2016广西来宾】

—There are many ____ about this farm. —Yes, lots of ____ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 1. Help yourself to some_______. There are lots of vitamins in them. A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. potatos you take a plane, you cannot take ______ onto the plane with you. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knives 3. The _______ have caught the two_______ already. A. policeman; thief B. policemen; thiefs C. policemen; thieves D. policeman; thieves 【2016重庆】It’s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’ 【2015攀枝花】All the are from . A. men doctors; Germany B. men doctors; German C. man doctors; Germany D. man doctor; German 【2015广安】 —How many can you see in the picture —Two. A. dog B. child C. sheeps D. sheep 【2015天河】

英语中的可数名词与不可数名词

英语中的可数名词与不可数名词 (2011-11-03 08:57:47) 转载▼ 分类:词汇 标签: 可数名词 不可数名词 英语 词汇 杂谈 最近在给同学们辅导英语的时候,发现很多同学分不清可数名词与不可数名词,它与中文的习惯不一样,不能直接推测,只能死记硬背,比如:fruit是不可数名词,vegetable就是可数名词,所以我搜集了下资料,发现网上还总结了不少,一起来看一下吧: vegetable经常以它的复数形式出现——vegetables fruit泛指水果不可数,强调水果种类可数,:I like fruit. (我喜欢吃水果)There are different kinds of fruits in this shop.(这家店里有许多不同种类的水果。)apple:可数名词an apple many apples paper:不可数名词 a piece of paper , two pieces of paper 物质名词或抽象名词一般都是不可数的。不可数名词没有单数和复数的区别,例如:news 新闻advice 建议 water 水ice 冰tea 茶meat 肉milk 牛奶 age 年龄time 时间help 帮助luck 运气work 工作 有少数物质名词也有复数形式,不过它们的含义则有所不同了,例如: glass 不可数名词玻璃glasses 可数名词眼镜 water 不可数名词水waters 可数名词某个河流、湖泊的水 顺便说一下,有些物质名词本身也是可数名词,但其含义也有所不同了。例如: 物质名词可数名词 glass 玻璃a glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸张a paper 报纸;论文 wood 木头a wood 树林 gold 金子a gold 金牌 1. 可数名词有单复数之分。在句中,名词的单数形式前边要有冠词或表示单数的限定词,否则就要用其复数形式。名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾s、es,或将y改为i 再加es。但如果名词前边有表示单数的冠词或表示单数的限定词,就不能用其复数形式 2. 有少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,child→children, man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, mouse→mice, ox→oxen 3. 英语里还有些名词的单复数变化较为特殊,需特别注意 analysis→analyses, bacterium→bacteria, basis→bases, crisis→crises, criterion→criteria, datum→data, formula→formulae(或formulas), fungus→fungi, phenomenon→phenomena,syllabus→syllabi, thesis→theses 4. 有些名词的单复数是一样的:aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, deer, fish, Japanese, means, series, species等。 5. 如果前边有表示复数的限定词时名词用其复数形式 6. 在形容词最高级中,表示范围的of后要用名词复数形式 7. 有些集体名词在形式上是单数如people(人民,人们),police(警察),cattle(牲畜),staff(全体人员,全体职员),但它们表达复数的含意。如果这些词做主语,其谓语须用复数形式。

名词(可数名词和不可数名词)

专题一名词主要考查三个方面: 1、联系上下文,考查同义词、近义词辨析; 2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词 组的意义和用法; 3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。 ◆名词的数 规则名词的复数形式

a block of一块; a bottle of一瓶 a group of一群; a pile of一堆 a pair of一组/双/对; a piece of一片/张/块既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词

The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles 【2016广西来宾】 —There are many ____ about this farm. —Yes, lots of ____ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 1. Help yourself to some_______. There are lots of vitamins in them. A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. potatos 2.if you take a plane, you cannot take ______ onto the plane with you. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knives 3. The _______ have caught the two_______ already. A. policeman; thief B. policemen; thiefs C. policemen; thieves D. policeman; thieves 【2016重庆】It’s sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boy B. boys C. boy’s D. boys’ 【2015攀枝花】All the are from . A. men doctors; Germany B. men doctors; German C. man doctors; Germany D. man doctor; German 【2015广安】 —How many can you see in the picture? —Two.

英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词

英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。表示一个用单数,表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。 1.规则变化: 1) 一般在名词词尾加s, ①map—maps地图,bird—birds鸟, orange—oranges 桔子, bike—bikes自行车; 2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es, ①box—boxes盒子,class—classes班级,watch—watches手表,dish-dishes 盘,碟子,餐具; 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es ①baby—babies婴儿family—families家庭; 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s ①boy—boys男孩toy—toys 玩具; 4) 以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为ves ①knife—knives小刀 wife—wives妻子 leaf—leaves树叶。 5) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或es ①photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园 tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes土豆 二:名词复数的不规则变化

1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。 如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2)单复同形如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

可数名词和不可数名词英文讲解

Countable Nouns Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or more pens. Here are some more countable nouns: ?dog, cat, animal, man, person ?bottle, box, litre ?coin, note, dollar ?cup, plate, fork ?table, chair, suitcase, bag Countable nouns can be singular or plural: ?My dog is playing. ?My dogs are hungry. We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns: ?A dog is an animal. When a countable noun is singular, we must use a word like a/the/my/this with it: ?I want an orange. (not I want orange.) ?Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?) When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone: ?I like oranges. ?Bottles can break. We can use some and any with countable nouns: ?I've got some dollars. ?Have you got any pens? We can use a few and many with countable nouns: ?I've got a few dollars. ?I haven't got many pens.

(完整版)可数名词与不可数名词解析

SBS2A Unit 2可数名词与不可数名词 一、名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。 二、食物:蔬菜、水果、饮料、肉类 蔬菜:可数:tomato 西红柿,cucumber 黄瓜不可数:garlic 蒜,celery芹菜水果:可数:banana\apple 不可数:除了fruit本身,其他几乎都是可数名词 饮料:不可数:juice;orange(当桔汁讲) 肉类:都不可数:meat肉类pork猪肉beef牛肉duck鸭肉fish鱼肉chicken鸡肉调料:salt盐, sugar白糖等不可数 注:有些名词意义的转变,有些词意义不同时,既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词 1.鸡chick(en)在地上走,是可数的;鸡肉 2.鱼fish在水里游(鱼的数量),是可数名词(单数和复数是同形的均为fish), 指鱼的种类时,复数形式加“es”即为“fishes” ;鱼肉是不可数 There are five fish in the fishbowl. 鱼缸里有5条鱼.(表示鱼的数量时, 单数和复数是同形的) There are five fishes in the fishbowl.鱼缸里有5种鱼.(表示鱼的种类时, 它的复数形式是要加" es" 的,即fishes) There is some fish in the plate .盘子里有一些鱼肉.(做鱼肉讲时是不可数的.) 3.food食物 ■通常为不可数名词。如:Do you like Chinese food? 你对中国菜有兴趣吗? Good food keeps you healthy. 好的饮食使你健康。 About 90 percent of most food is water. 大部分食物中约有90%为水。 ■若表示某种特殊种类的食物,则可用作可数名词。如: Don’t eat too many dairy fo ods. 不要吃太多的奶制品。 4.onion■若当作一种植物看待,为可数名词,指“一根洋葱”“一个洋葱头”等。如:The onions are beginning to sproutup. 洋葱正在抽芽。 ■若指作为菜吃的“洋葱”“洋葱头”,有时可数,有时不可数。如: (1) 可数用法:Chop an onion finely. 把洋葱切细。Onions have a strong odor. 洋葱气味刺鼻。 I like liver and onions for dinner. 晚餐我喜欢吃肝和洋葱。 Shall I use oil or butter for frying the onions? 我用普通油还是黄油来炒洋葱呢? (2) 不可数用法:The soup tastes of onion. 这汤有洋葱味。There is too much onion in the salad. 色拉里的洋葱太多。

可数名词和不可数名词讲解及练习

可数名词和不可数名词讲解 (一)定义:1可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数 形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 2.不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情 或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an 。 可数名词用法讲解: 可数名词有单复数之分。㈠单数可数名词 1.单数可数名词一般不会单独出现,前面通常要有限定词。 例如:She is friend(friend 前面加上my.) I have pen.(pen前面加上a) I like boy.(boy前面加上this) 限定词通常有三类。⑴冠词。经常用不定冠词 a、an。⑵形容词性物主代词。⑶指 示代词this、that 。this、that可用the代替。 2.单数可数名词做主语看作第三人称单数,谓语动词使用三单(单数)形式。 My father is (be) very tall. His brother likes (like) playing basketball.㈡可数名词的复数形式。 1.单数变复数规则变化 a. 一般情况下,直接加-s.如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s、x、ch、sh和部分0结尾的加es c. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries d. 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives e. 以o结尾,通常 加 s.初中范围只有这四个词Negro hero potato potato 这四个词加es 如tomato -potatoes. tomato-tomatoes巧记黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯这四个词加es 不规则变化:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese. 3.什么时候使用可数名词的复数形式? a.数词大于1,可数名词用复数。 b.可数名词前有Some/any、these/those 、a lot of/lots of、 many、How many、 a few 修饰时,可数名词用复数。 Some/any+可复 a lot of/lots of+可复 Many+可复 How many+ 可复 A few+可复 c.复数名词表示泛指是可数名词使用复数形式。 I like apples Grapes are my favourite fruit. 4.对可数名词数量提问使用how many ㈢不可数名词 1. 不可数没有复数。不可数名词不能直接和a/an、数词连用。若要表 示它的个体意义时,一般要与一个名词短语连用,即a/an /数词 +量词单数/复数+of+不可 数名词。 A cup of tea two cups of tea 注意数词大于一,量词用复数。 a/an / 数词+量词单数/复数+of+不可数名词做主语时,它的数由量词的数决定。如 The cup of tea is (be) hot. Two cups of tea are (be) on the table. 2. 单个的不可数名词做 主语看作第三人称单数,谓语动词使用三单形式。 The meat smells (smell) delicious. The water is on the table. 3. 常用来修饰不可数名词的词 Some/any、 a lot of/lots

初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词解析及练习

初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词 三、关于不可数名词 (1)不可数名词包括: 物质名称:食物:bread meat rice cheese fish beef 饮料:milk water cola coffee wine tea 自然物质:air soil sand wood 抽象名词:情感:love peace friendship joy happiness 概念:exercise knowledge energy population 学科:math geography physics chemistry 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ,若要表示它的个体意义时,一般需要将其量化。 可以通过“基数词+计量词+of+不可数名词”来表示。若想表达量的复数概念,只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。如: a piece of paper 一张纸 ten pieces of paper 十张纸 a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two cups of coffee 两杯咖啡 a piece of news 一条消息 two pieces of news 两条消息 a drop of ink 一滴墨水 three drops of ink 三滴墨水3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多" 1)可数名词单数可用冠词a/an修饰,复数可用基数词及few,a few,many,等来修饰。 不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰,需用“基数词+计量词+of”结构,也可用little,a little,much来修饰。可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。 2)用how many询问可数名词数量的多少。用how much询问不可数名词数量的多少。 3)单个单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数;多个单数名词或复数名词作主语,谓语动词要用复数。 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。但当其前有“基数词+计量词+of”时,谓语动词依计量词而定。 可数与不可数名词的练习 II.找出不可数名词,在横线上打勾,并将可数名词变成复数形式: homework ______ half ______ advice______ money ______ knowledge ______ boot _____ blood ______ music ______ chicken ________ heat _____ mouth ______ bread _______ information ______ milk _____ cow _______ tear ________ III.选择填空: 1.The deer has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 2.Her two brothers are both ______. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens 3.There are four _____ and two ______ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans 4.Two ______ would come to the village .A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors 5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 6.The _____ has two ______. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 7.The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8.The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men 9.There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 10.The cat caught two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 三.用所给名词的适当形式填空。

可数名词和不可数名词(含练习、答案)

不可数名词和可数名词 不能按照个数计算的普通名词叫不可数名词;如:juice, milk, water, beef, chicken 等。 能按照个数计算的普通名词叫可数名词。可数名词有单复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事用单数形式a/an ;指两个人及多个人或事物时用复数形式。可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式的规则如下: ①一般情况,加-s。 女口:books, dogs, days, trees 等。 ②单词以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的,加-es。 女口:classes, watches ,boxes, brushes 等。 ③单词以“辅音字母+y”结尾,将y变i,加-es。 女口:stories, cities, families, babies 等。 ④以o结尾有生命的名词加-es ;无生命的名词加-s。 女口:有生命:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, man goes 等。 无生命:photos, pia nos, radios, zoos 等。 ⑤一些以f或fe结尾的单词,把f、fe变成ve加-s。 女口:life-lives, knife-knives 等。 ⑥不规则变化。 女口:man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth 等。 ⑦单复数同形。 女口:deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese 等。 一、根据句意填空。 1. Look at those ______ ild) 2.1 can see a ___________ ding n ear the door. (policema n) 3. Do you want some ________ f or dinner? (potato) 4. In autu mn, you can see a lot of ______ ound. (leaf) 5. He has two ______ ne is blue, the other is yellow. (box) 6. Two ________ live in this build ing. ( family )

小学可数名词与不可数名词用法+练习

名词 第一节可数名词 一、可数名词的分类 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分。其中,可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称,他们通常有单数和复数的形式。 单数通常用a,an或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如:a desk, an apple, one boy. 二、可数名词的变化规则 1、直接在单词的后面加-s. photo---photos book---books egg---eggs student---students pen---pens village---villages building---buildings cloud---clouds flower---flowers hand---hands map---maps girl---girls 2、如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾,通常要在单词后面加-es. bus---buses class---classes box---box dress---dresses peach---peaches watch---watches fish---fishes 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i,再加-es.如果y的前面是元音 字母,则直接加上-s. family---families story---stories baby---babies day---days toy---toys boy---boys 4、以f,fe结尾的单词,要把f,fe变为v,再加-es. knife---knives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves 5、以o结尾的单词一般加-s构成复数,但是potato, tomato,hero等词要加-es构 成复数。 radio---radios photo---photos piano---pianos zoo---zoos studio---studios potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes 6、一些特殊的不规则名词的复数。 goose---geese foot---feet tooth---teeth woman---women man---men sheep---sheep fish---fish deer---deer people---people child---children ox---oxen mouse---mice

可数与不可数名词

寒假专题二:名词数的表达 二. 重点、难点: 语法详解:不可数名词及可数名词数的表达 三. 具体内容: 重难点解析: 英语表达数目和数量的特别方法 不可数名词没有表示复数的“—s”标志,因此前面不可有数目字,只可以有数量词。例如我们可以说①,不可以说②: ①There is not much furniture(家具)in the office. ②There are not many furnitures in the office. 这是不是说不可数名词就不可数呢?不然。相反的,不可数名词也是可数的,主要方法是借助单位词(unit word),如: a piece of,a cup of,a drop of,a lump of,a handful of,a flash of,a blade of,a head of,a bar of,an ear of等。 如果数目超过“一”,就以确实数目取代“一”。例如: two pieces of,three cups of 和five lumps of 等。 现在试试把上述这类单位词和适当的不可数名词连用。 ①Mr. Li has just bought a piece of new furniture. ②Give me a cup of cold water,please. ③Please put two lumps of sugar in my coffee. ④The boy picked up two handfuls of sand from the beach. ⑤We saw a flash of lightning in the sky. ⑥The gardener pulled out blades of wild grass from the garden. ⑦She gave bars of chocolate to the visiting children. 有些名词如scissors,trousers,spectacles,tongs,pliers 等,都以复数形式出现,如: ⑧The scissors are lying on the table. ⑨The spectacles fit me nicely. 如果要给这些名词表示单数“一”的意思,就要借重单位词了。例如: ⑩Mary has just bought a pair of scissors. 11 The mechanic repaired the machine with a set of pliers. 现代英语注重简洁,合成形容词便应运而生,其中有一种是用来表示数目的,方法是:“数目+名词”,如:a five—year plan,a ten—dollar note,a two—hour meeting,a three —day conference等。 必须注意的是,这种合成形容词中的名词,只能以单数形式出现。如果用复数,就错了,如: a five—years plan,a ten—dollars note,a two—hours meeting,a three—days conference. 这类错误,虽然频率不是很高,但也是要留意才好。 如果没有把握,不妨用完整的表达方式,如: a five—year plan→a plan of five years a ten—dollar note→a note of ten dollars a three—day conference→a conference of three days 等。

初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词

初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 二、关于可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下: 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如: book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如: bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如: city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如: half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5. 特例[悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。] ①child → children ②man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律:man → men) ③tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话:初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ] ④foo t → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话:oo变成ee。] ⑤sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。] ⑥people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。 三、关于不可数名词 1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 如:The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。 如:water (水)→ waters (水域)

高中英语语法:不可数名词和可数名词的转化

高中英语语法:不可数名词和可数名词的转化 (1)物质名词转化为可数名词:有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如: Thepotatoisavegetable,notafruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,不是水果。 Marbleisapreciousstone.大理石是一种珍贵的石料。 Mydoctortoldmetoavoidfattyfoodssuchasbaconorhamburg ers.我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物,如咸肉或汉堡包。 (2)抽象胜名词转化为可数名词:有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时,可以用作可数名词。如: help帮助→help帮手 shame遗憾→pity遗憾的事 pleasure快乐→pleasure乐事 success成功→success成功的人或事 surprise惊奇→surprise令人惊奇的事 disappointment失望→disappointment令人失望的人或事 (3)特殊物质名词的数量表示:当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时,某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如: Aheavysnowwasfalling.当时正下着一场大雪。

Afinerainbegantofall.开始下起一阵小雨。 另外,表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等,可以用a(n)或数词修饰,也有复数形式。如: Twobeers,please.请来两杯啤酒 Twoteasandacoffee,please.请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。 Iorderedtwocoffeesandanice-cream.我叫了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。 (4)一点特别说明:有些不可数名的用法的用法值得注意,无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的,即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment ,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,clothing等。

英语中可数名词与不可数名词的区别

英语中可数名词与不可数名词的区别 西永安小学王爱芳 在英语中很多名词既可以用作可数,也可以作不可数,判断其可数与不可数时,依据就是其意思的变化.不可能有名词在作同一词义时既可数又不可数的情况. (1)表示动物的一些词一般可数,但指肉时是不可数. 如:fish, chicken, lamb 等. (2)物质名词不可数,如rubber, glass, iron. 用作可数名词时词义有变化,如 a rubber(一块橡皮擦), a glass (一个玻璃杯), a pair of glasses (一副眼镜)an iron(一个慰斗). (3)抽象名词显然不可数,但指具体的意义时又是可数,如: success(成功,不可数) ——a success( 一件成功的事,可数) experience (经验,不可数) —experiences (经历,可数) in surprise 中surprise 指一种情感,是抽象名词不可数.It’s a surprise...中surprise 是指一件事情,是具体名词可数. 即:有些词通常既可数又不可数,最简单的判断方法是:判断其所指的是“具体的”还是“抽象的”。举例子: Lactose, A (a) sugar B(present) in milk, is one C(of simple sugars) used in D(food) preparations for infants. 前面的sugar是指“牛奶”中的糖分(物质的一种属性),此时为不可数名词,在句中作同位语,不需要仍何冠词。如:Lactose is sugar,not salt. present 为形容词作定语。one of 指特定群体中的一部分,必须接定冠词,此时sugar为可数名词指不同形式的糖类。food就是不数名词。 例如:Experience 是可数名词时是经历 不可数名词时是经验 experience n. 1. 经验,体验[U][(+of/in)] She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。 Have you had any experience of teaching English? 你有过教英语的经验吗? 2. 经历,阅历[C] Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. 请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。 I had a rather odd experience the other day. 前些天我有过一次相当奇怪的经历。 vt. 1. 经历;体验 The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year. 去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。 2. 感受;遭受

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