句子翻译 (2)

4. We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. 打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。 5. The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。 6. His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反 对他。
(5) 具有状语作用的定语从句的译法 • Ernest Hemingway, who published his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea, was rewarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. 由于海明威发表了他的名著《老人与海》，所以在 1954年获得诺贝尔文学奖。 • Our delegations have been sent to Asian and African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments. 我们已派代表团到亚非国家去，以便同各国政府谈判 贸易协定。
(2) 介词宾语从句有时根据汉语习惯，可采用 倒译法 Did she say anything about how the work was to be done? 这项工作该怎么做她说了什么没有？
(3) 英语中有时用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在 句末。译成汉语时，应将形式宾语省译，而宾语 从句则按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译要么用顺译 • We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了，我们都感到遗憾。 • The teacher made it clear to the students that they must hand in their compositions by Friday. 老师给学生讲清楚了，必须在星期五以前交作文。
(2)分译法 1) 重复关系词所指代的含义 • He is with his youngest brother, who is accompanying him on his tour in China. 他和他的小弟弟在一起。他的小弟弟正陪同 他在中国旅游。 2) 省译关系词 • Isaac Asimov was a productive writer who wrote over two hundred books all his life. 艾萨克﹒阿西莫夫是一位多产作家，一生写 了200多本书。
(2) 用倒译法将同位语从句译为前置修饰语 • There was little probability that they would succeed. 他们成功的可能性极小。 (3) 用转换法将同位语从句转译为汉语的复合 结构作宾语 • This thought came to him that maybe he had left his keys in the bedroom. 他突然想起可能把钥匙忘在卧室里了。
表语从句的译法
(1) 翻译表语从句一般用顺译法 • Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是像表面上看来的那样。 (2) 有时可将主从句合译 • That was how they were defeated. 他们就是这样给打败的。 (3) 有时可用倒译 • Raw material is what we are badly in need of. 我们急需的是原料。
• He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no use for. 尽管他并不需要，但他还是坚持要买一件上衣。 • Any questions you have about your visa status should be referred to the International Student Service Office at the University. 你的签证身份如果有问题，应向本大学的国际学生 服务处询问。 • He is clever and quick at his work, for which he is in his boss’ good grace. 他精明能干，心灵手快，所以深得老板的赏识。
同位语从句的译法
(1) 用顺译法将同位语从句译为汉语的独立句，并根 据具体情况在前面加冒号、破折号或加“即”等 表同位关系的词 • Then arose the question where we were to get the materials needed. 于是就产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪里去找所需 要的材料。 • The name “volcano” indicates the belief of the ancient Greeks that the burning hills of the Mediterranean were the workshops of divine blacksmith, Vulcan. “火山”这一名称表明古希腊人的这一信念，即地中 海沿岸燃烧着的山是锻冶之神“伍尔坎”的工场。
(2)双重限制性定语从句 • Can you mention anyone that we know who is so talented as he? 你能举出一个我们认识的像他这样有才能的 人吗？
(3)复杂型定语从句
• Brill worried about the strange stories which she claimed Tom told her. 布里尔对这些稀奇古怪的传说感到担忧，她 说这些传说是汤姆讲给她听的。
(4) 重复先行词的定语从句 • There are even people with plastic parts in their hearts, people who would otherwise have died. 甚至有些人的心脏里也安装有塑料零件。如 果不安这些塑料零件，这些人就会死亡。
第四章 句子翻译（2）
主要内容 1. 定语从句的译法 2. 名词性从句的译法
Biblioteka Baidu
3. 状语从句的译法
1. 定语从句的译法
• 常用翻译方法 (1) 译为前置定语 • Those who want to go please sign their names here. 想去的人请在这儿签名。 • James Russll is a man for whom I have the greatest respect. 詹姆斯.罗索是我最尊重的人。 • The speech, which he had written on little bits of paper, seemed endless. 他那事先写在小纸片上的发言稿念起来好像没完没 了。
(2) 句型：“形式主语it+主句谓语+主语从句” 1) 顺译 • It hasn’t been made clear when the new expressway is to be opened to traffic. 还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通车。
2) 倒译 • It doesn’t matter where we are going on holiday. 我们去哪儿度假都没关系。 3) 主从合译 • It is probable that he has got the clue for solving the problem. 他很可能已找到解决这个问题的线索。
• 句法结构特殊的定语从句的辨认与译法 (1) 分隔型定语从句 1) 先行词与定语从句之间有另一个作定语的 短语 • He lived in the house near us which was wrecked. 他住在我们附近的一座破房子里。
2) 句子的状语较短，而修饰宾语的定语从句 较长 • I put the books in the cupboard which you read yesterday. 我把你昨天读过的那些书放在橱柜里了。 3) 先行词是主句的主语，而主句的谓语较短， 为了句子平衡而把定语从句放在主句谓语 的后面 • A war broke out which lasted for forty years. 一场延续了40年的战争爆发了。
Exercise: 1. When we can begin the expedition is still a question. 我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。 2. How he is going to do it is a mystery. 他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。 3. He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. 他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建 议。
7. The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded. 他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。 8. We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth. 我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。 9. Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics. 不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可 以把这种废物变成塑料。
2. 名词性从句的译法
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主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句
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主语从句的译法
(1) 句型: “主语从句+主句谓语+其他成分”一 般用顺译法 • That she survived the earthquake is sheer luck. 她在地震中幸免遇难全靠运气。 • That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends. 他弄错了，而他那些真诚的朋友对此不会提 出质疑。
宾语从句的译法
(1) 翻译宾语从句一般都用顺译法 • I can’t make out what they are talking about. 我不清楚他们在谈什么。 • He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made. 他没意识到他的这一发现多么重要。 • We are certain that we’ll be able to accomplish the designing in a short period of time. 我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设计。
(3)主从合译法
• There are many foreign tourists who want to visit the Great Wall. 许多外国游客想游览长城。 • He has been suffering from a kind of disease for which the cure is possible. 他得的那种病是可以治疗的。