2003年英语专业八级真题试卷.doc

2003年英语专业八级考试翻译试卷及参考译文PART IV TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。

我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。

一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

Version 1:Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents. Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was separated and confined in a small house on the hillside in our garden. One spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden, where a profusion of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of guests gathered and laughter was heard all over there. I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy on the bustle of the kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and cousins, each full of joy, were shuttling among the guests. Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.Version 2:Before I fell ill, my parents doted on / pampered me a lot. I could have it my way at home. Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed. One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in he garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom.For a time, guests gathered there, cheering and laughing.All of a sudden, I was possessed by the feeling of being abandoned. Struck by both grief and indignation, I couldn’t help crying bitterly.Version 3:Before I was taken ill, my parents doted on me so much that I could have all things done my own way at home. Once isolated and locked away in a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly felt being thrown away, and became sullen and disappointed. One spring evening, my parents held a party in the full blossoms in the garden. In no time, the garden became lively with the guests and filled with their laughter. In the small house on the slope, I lifted the curtain, quietly, only to see the hustle and bustle in the garden, with my brothers, sisters and cousins among theguests, all in jubilation. All of a sudden, I was overwhelmed by anger and burst out crying. Why should I be deserted and abandoned?One spring evening, my parents held a party in the full blossoms in the garden, which, in no time, became lively with the guests and filled with their laughter.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being.”詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏在其经典小说《拓荒者》中，记述了主人公---- 一位土地开发商 ---- 带着表妹游览一座他将要建造的城市的情景。

专业英语八级考试试题(4)23. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. Marriage.B. Background.C. Relevant degree.D. Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family background.B. intended to check out his other job offers.C. wanted to know something about his preference.D. was interested in any personal detail of the man.25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDereer.B. he would soon become a partner himself.C. he was good at interviewing applicants.D. his background was similar to MeDereer’s.26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selective.B. secretive.C. perfunctory.D. racially biased.2003年专业八级考试真题(2)TEXT KFirst read the questions.39. When did Moore receive his first commission?A. In 1948.B. In 1946.C. In 1931.D. In 1928.40. Where did Moore win his first international prize?A. In London.B. In Venice.C. In New York.D. In Hamburg.Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40.Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World War began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman’s grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London.In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with an equally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years.Throughout the 1920’s Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad- the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued.In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore’s work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970’s the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation.The main themes in Moore’s work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926.At the end of the 1960’s came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme- variously interpreted as a hard form coveting a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb.A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and in particular the works of Henry Moore.- THE END -ANSWER SHEET ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAPFILING (15 MIN)Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Marslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arrangedIn order of importance.Physiological needs: the most (1)______________ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usuallyone way to satisfy these needs. (2)______________needs: needs for a) physical security;b)(3)_______________security.The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)______________, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)______________________plans, and safe working conditions.Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection;b) a sense of belonging.There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace;b) formation of relationships outside workplace.Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one’s sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others’respect as a result of one’s (6__________.These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.Self-realization needs: need to realize one’s potential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)______________________ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively(8)______________ needs.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (9)_____________for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (10)_______________when they come into play.。

03年英语专业八级考试真题(阅读部分) 【专业英语】It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip co Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriv!ng in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her."The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines". And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not’shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack On the Princess in the press. They described her as "very ill-informed" and a "loose cannon (乱放跑的人) The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms: "This is a distraction ( 干扰) we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help." Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their Support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-inf0rmed about both thesitua-tion in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkidnd, claimed that the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was "working towards"a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding." - For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn countrywas an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much。

03年英语专业八级考试真题(阅读部分)2007-04-05It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip co Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours ofarriv!ng in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her."The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines". And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not’ shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack On the Princess in the press. They described her as "very ill-informed" and a "loose cannon (乱放跑的人) The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms: "This is a distraction ( 干扰) we do not need. AllI’m trying to do is help." Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their Support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that thePrincess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-inf0rmed about both the situa-tion in Angola and the British government’s policy reg arding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkidnd, claimed that the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was "working towards" a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding." - For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn countrywas an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much。

23. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement? A. Marriage. B. Background. C. Relevant degree. D. Male. 24. The details of the private investigation show that the firm A. was interested in his family background. B. intended to check out his other job offers. C. wanted to know something about his preference. D. was interested in any personal detail of the man. 25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was that A. his image could help impress McDereer. B. he would soon become a partner himself. C. he was good at interviewing applicants. D. his background was similar to MeDereer’s. 26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOT A. selective. B. secretive. C. perfunctory. D. racially biased.2003年专业⼋级考试真题(2)　TEXT K First read the questions. 39. When did Moore receive his first commission? A. In 1948. B. In 1946. C. In 1931. D. In 1928. 40. Where did Moore win his first international prize? A. In London. B. In Venice. C. In New York. D. In Hamburg. Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40. Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World War began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman’s grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London. In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with an equally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years. Throughout the 1920’s Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad- the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued. In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore’s work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970’s the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation. The main themes in Moore’s work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926. At the end of the 1960’s came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme- variously interpreted as a hard form coveting a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb. A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and inparticular the works of Henry Moore. - THE END - ANSWER SHEET ONE PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAPFILING (15 MIN) Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Marslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged In order of importance. Physiological needs: the most (1)______________ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. (2)______________needs: needs for a) physical security;b)(3)_______________security. The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)______________, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)______________________plans, and safe working conditions.Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection;b) a sense of belonging.There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace;b) formation of relationships outside workplace.Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one’s sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result of one’s(6__________.These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.Self-realization needs: need to realize one’s potential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)______________________ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively(8)______________ needs.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (9)_____________for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (10)_______________when they come into play.。

April 2003)Directions: Please do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.The Speech by a World Bank Group Official at the 2002 Western China International Economy and Trade FairGovernor Zhang, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,1 am delighted to be here this morning to open the Western China International Economy and Trade Fair. I would like to thank the Peoples Government of Sichuan for inviting us to attend this important event where government leaders from Beijing and twe lve other provinces meet to discuss strategies for developing China’s Western Region.This event reflects the strong commitment of the Government and the people of China to develop its Western Regions. I am very impressed with the enthusiasm and determination demonstrated not only by the public sector but also by the increasing level of private sector interest in supporting the Western development goals set forth by the government.The purpose of my current visit to China is to assess recent economic developments in China and to discuss with senior leaders of the Government the World Bank Groups assistance strategy for China after its accession to the WTO. 1 started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. I have seen good examples of how the World Bank Grow up can offer assistance to the Government and the private sector to develop China’s West. There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million. The government’s desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run. There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked. These include continue efforts to create and improve the business environment. But 1 am confident that these challenges will be met.In closing，I would like to thank the Government of Sichuan for its support to the World Bank and IFC operations in Sichuan. We look forward to working with all of you to contribute to the development of China’s West and to improve people’s lives in this important part of the country.Thank you!Directions: Now listen again. Please begin interpreting when you hear a beep.1.The purpose of my current visit to China is to evaluate recent economic developments in China, and discuss with Chinese leaders the World Bank Group’s assistance strategy for China after its entry into the WTO.2.I started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. 1 have seen good examples of how the World Bank Group can offer assistance to the Government and the private sectors to develop China’s West.3.There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million.4.The Government's desire to accelerate the development of the western provincesis vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run.5.There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked These include continued efforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.Task Two: Interpreting from Chinese into EnglishDirections: Please do not do interpreting when you listen to the speech this time.阳光国际展览中心副总经理在举办2002年中国（阳光）国际乐器展览新闻发布会上的讲话各位来宾、新闻界的朋友：下午好！首先，请允许我代表阳光国际展览中心有限公司向出席今天新闻发布会的各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢！国际乐器业界的盛人聚会一MUSIC CHINA中国(阳光)国际浓器展览会将于2002年10月16日-19日在阳光国际展览中心隆重开幕。

2003年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

(3)根据材料，请在（3）处填上最佳答案。

(4)根据材料，请在（4）处填上最佳答案。

(5)根据材料，请在（5）处填上最佳答案。

(6)根据材料，请在（6）处填上最佳答案。

(7)根据材料，请在（7）处填上最佳答案。

(8)根据材料，请在（8）处填上最佳答案。

(9)根据材料，请在（9）处填上最佳答案。

(10)根据材料，请在（10）处填上最佳答案。

SECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A><A href="javascript:;"></A>(2)David is inclined to believe inA. alienB. UFOC. the TV characteD. government conspiracie(3)David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his中大网校引领成功职业人生A. professional traininB. personalitC. life experiencD. appearanc(4)From the interview，we know that at present David feelsA. a sense of frustratioB. haunted by the unknown thingC. confident but moodD. successful yet unsatisfie(5)How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?A. He feels a sense of angeB. He has a sense of sadnesC. It helped him grow uD. It left no effect on hi(6)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>Some voters will waste their ballots becauseA. they like neither candidatB. they are all ill－informeC. the candidates do not differ mucD. they do not want to vote twic(8)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A>According to the UN Human Development Report，which is the best place／or women in the world?A. CanadB. The UC. AustraliD. Scandinavi(9)__________ is in the 12th place in overall ranking．A. BritainB. FranceC. FinlandD. Switzerland(10)According to the UN report，the least developed country isA. EthiopiB. MalC. Sierra LeoD. Central African RepubliPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校引领成功职业人生</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPTA. the EgyptianB. the statC. the churcD. the Nazi(3)Which of the following is NOT a cause of the inaccurate count of Gypsies?A. Gypsies are reluctant to deal with the authoritieB. Many gypsies have immigrated to other continentC. Some governments are prone to mistakes in countinD. Gypsy groups may make great play about the population(4)According to the passage，the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA. languagB. culturC. identitD. custo中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：(5)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"> </A>中大网校引领成功职业人生(6)When the author recalls Harlem in the old days，he has a feeling ofA. indifferencB. discomforC. delighD. nostalgi(7)Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the l920s and’30s mainly because of itsA. art and culturB. immigrant populatioC. political enthusiasD. distinctive architectur(8)According to the passage，Harlem seems to have a renaissance partly becauseA. its economy has been improved greatlB. its crime rate has dropped drasticallC. it has eventually gone with the tidD. it has established a empowerment zon(9)From the passage we can infer that，generally speaking，the authorA. has strong reservations about the changeB. has slight reservations about the changeC. welcomes the changes in HarleD. is completely opposed to the change(10)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. MarriagB. BackgrounC. Relevant degre中大网校引领成功职业人生D. Mal(11)The word “dossier” in the third paragraph probably meansA. cataloguB. filC. papeD. certificat(12)The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family backgrounB. intended to check out his other job offerC. wanted to know something about his preferencD. was interested in any personal detail of the ma(13)According to the passage，the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDeerB. he would soon become a partner himselC. he was good at interviewing applicantD. his background was similar to McDeere’(14)We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selectivB. secretivC. perfunctorD. racially biase(15)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(16)For a CEO to be successful in government，he has toA. regard the president as the CEB. take absolute control of his departmenC. exercise more power than the congressional committeD. become acquainted with its power structur(17)In commenting on O’Ncill’s record as Treasury Secretary，the passage seems to indicate thatA. 0’NciII hits failed to use his power welB. 0’Neill’s policies were well receiveC. 0’Neill has been consistent in his policieD. 0’Neill is uncertain about the package he’s approve(18)According to the passage,the differences between government and business lie in the following areas EXCEPTA. nature of activitB. option of withdrawaC. legitimacy of activitD. power distributio(19)The author seems to suggest that CE0－turned government officialsA. are able to fit into their new roleB. arc unlikely to adapt to their new roleC. can respond to new situations intelligentlD. may feel uncertain in their new post(20)Which might be the best title for the passage?A. Presidential PoweB. CEOs in GovernmenC. The welregarded Treasury SecretarD. Troubles of CE0．turned Government OfficialPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;">中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：</A>The state of California is onA. Caribbean SeB. the Gulf of MexicC. the Pacific CoasD. the Atlantic Coas(2)Which of the following is NOT a British news agency?A. ReuterB. The Associated PresC. The Press Association LtD. United Press，Lt(3)The following are the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPTA. George WashingtoB. Benjamin FrankliC. Willian PenD. Thomas Jefferso(4)Canada occupies about__________ 0f the North American continent．A. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4D. 1/5(5)Who was “the Father of English Poetry”?A. Francis BacoB. John MiltoC. Robert BurnD. Geoffrey Chauce(6)The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now calledA. free versB. sonneC. blank versD. balla(7)The Great Gatsby was written byA. Wallace StevenB. Thomas Stearns ElioC. Ernest HemingwaD. Scott Fitzgeral(8)__________ can be simply defined as the study of meaning．A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Linguistics(9)Which of the following is NOT one of the major branches of linguistics?A. PhoneticB. SyntaC. SynchronicD. Semantic(10)Which of the following words contains one bound morpheme?A. DisappearancB. UntouchablC. DesirabilitD. PhysiciaPART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></ A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><A中大网校“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”网址：href="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

专八2003-2015年人文知识真题及答案2003年英语专八人文知识真题31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the fifth century, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualism2004年英语专八人文知识真题31. The following are products imported by Australia from China EXCEPT .[A] food [B] textiles [C] steel products[D] electronics32. Scots regard as the most important festival in a year.[A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter33. The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became Prime Minister in 1992.[A] John Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keating34. was known for his famous speech "I have a dream".[A] John F. Kennedy [B] Martin Luther King, Jr[C] Abraham Lincoln [D] Thomas Jefferson35. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.[A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Johnson[C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] Henry Feilding36. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his .[A] international theme [B] waste-land imagery[C] local color [D] symbolism37. Hemingway's writing style, together with his theme and the hero, is greatly and permanently influenced by hisexperiences .[A] in his childhood [B] in the war [C] in America [D] in Africa38. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of .[A] manner of articulation [B] openness of mouth[C] place of articulation [D] voicing39. Which of the following words can correct two clauses in a coordinate sentence?[A] Through. [B] When. [C] But. [D] If.40. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.[A] Word [B] Morpheme [C] Allomorph [D] Root2005年英语专八人文知识真题31. is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver [B] Ottawa [C] Montreal [D] York32. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) term.[A] two-year [B] four-year [C] six-year[D] eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston. [B] Boston. [C]Baltimore.[D] Philadelphia.34. is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church [B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church [D] The Church of England35. The novel Emma is written by .[A] Mary Shelley [B] Charlotte Brontë [C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell [D] Jane Austen36. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth. [B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron. [D] Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for .[A] his poems [B] his plays [C] his short stories [D] his novels38. Syntax is the study of .[A] language functions [B] sentence structures [C] textual organization [D] word formation39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness. [B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission. [D] Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by .[A] John Searle [B] John Austin [C] Noam Chomsky [D] M.A.K. Halliday参考答案：BBADA BCBDB2006年英语专八人文知识真题31. The President during the American Civil War was .[A] Andrew Jackson [B] Abraham Lincoln [C] Thomas Jefferson [D] George Washington32. The capital of New Zealand is .[A] Christchurch [B] Auckland [C] Wellington [D] Hamilton33. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori. [C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.34. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .[A] the Shadow Cabinet [B] the Parliament [C] the Opposition [D] the Cabinet35. Which of the following writers isa poet of the 20th century?[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D.H. Lawrence. [C] Theodore Dreiser. [D] James Joyce.36. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by .[A] Scott Fitzgerald [B] William Faulkner [C] Eugene O'Neill [D] Ernest Hemingway37. is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed intofourteen lines.[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet [C] Ode [D] Epigram38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of .[A] reference [B] meaning [C] antonymy [D] context39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of .[A] dialectal synonyms [B] stylistic synonyms[C] emotive synonyms [D] collocational synonyms40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by .[A] Halliday [B] Chomsky [C] Bloomfield [D] Saussure参考答案BCADA DBDBD2007年英语专八人文知识真题31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT .[A] the Anglos [B] the Celts [C] the Jutes [D] the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by .[A] the Monarch [B] the President [C] the Prime Minister [D] the Governor-general33. The Declaration of Independence was written by .[A] Thomas Jefferson [B] George Washington[C] Alexander Hamilton [D] James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were .[A] the Red Indians [B] the Eskimos [C] the Aborigines [D] the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Brontë?[A] Oliver Twist. [B] Middlemarch. [C] Jane Eyre. [D] Wuthering Heights.36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) poet and playwright.[A] American [B] Canadian [C] Irish [D] Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by .[A] Arthur Miller [B] Ernest Hemingway[C] Ralph Ellis on [D] James Baldwin38. refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.[A] Phonology[B] Morphology[C] Semantics[D] Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .[A] lexical[B] syntactic[C] phonological [D] psycholinguistic40. The word "tail" once referred to "the tail of a horse", but now it is used to mean "the tail of any animal." This is an example of .[A] widening of meaning [B] narrowing of meaning[C] meaning shift [D] loss of meaning参考答案 CDACD CABDA2008年英语专八人文知识真题31. The largest city in Canada is .A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in .A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Conress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is .A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35. The Caterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poeticwork by .A. Willian LanglandB. GeoffreyC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-know female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT .A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D.Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry"?A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. PolysemyD.homonymy参考答案BCADBBDACD2009年英语专八人文知识真题31. The Head of State of New Zealand is .[A] the governor-general [B] the Prime Minister[C] the high commissioner [D] the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is .[A] Glasgow [B] Edinburgh [C] Manchester [D] London33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?[A] Thomas Jefferson. [B] George Washington. [C] Thomas Paine. [D] John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?[A] Perth. [B] Adelaide. [C] Sydney.[D] Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Wind was written by .[A] William Blake [B] William Wordsworth[C] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [D] PercyB. Shelley36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?[A] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [B] Walt Whitman.[C] Herman Melville. [D] Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by .[A] Thomas Hardy [B] John Galsworthy[C] D.H. Lawrence [D] James Joyce38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is .[A] corpus linguistics [B] sociolinguistics[C] theoretical linguistics [D] psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called .[A] dialect [B] idiolect [C] pidgin [D] register40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing .[A] an illocutionary act [B] a perlocutionary act [C] a locutionary act [D] none of the above答案31、D the monarch of the United Kingdom32、B Edinburgh. 33、AThomas Jefferson. 34、C Sydney 35、D Percy B. Shelley36、B Walt Whitman. 37、C D.H. Lawrence. 38、D psycholinguistics. 39、C pidgin. 40、A an illocutionary act.2010年英语专八人文知识真题31. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. the British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215B. the British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC. the British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law答案D：The British Constitution includes one single written constitution32. The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal答案A：Quebec33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. B. 1788C. 1900D. 1901答案D：190134. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson 答案A：Abraham Lincoln35.Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?A. Will BlakeB. W.B.YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth答案C：Robert Browning36. The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC.答案D：Theodore Dreiser37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegoryB. sonnetC. blank verseD. rhyme答案A：Allegory38.____ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. language introduction答案A：language acquisition39. The word “motel” comes from“motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym答案C：blendingnguage is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” servesA. B.C. a performative function D. a persuasive function答案B： informative function2011年英语专八人文知识真题31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is _______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. ScotlandTIP：选D。

20GG年专业8级考试真题及答案试卷一(95min)PartⅠListeningComprehension(40min)InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandt henanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarAthecorrectanswertoeachquestio nonyourCOLOREDANSWERSHEET.SECTIONATALAQuestions1to5refertothetalAinthissection.AttheendofthetalAyouwillbegi ven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothe talA.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutofficesisNOTtrueaccordingtothe talA?A.OfficesthroughouttheworldarebasicallyaliAB.ThereareprimarilytwoAindsofofficelayout.C.OfficesurroundingsusedtodependoncompanyD.OfficeatmosphereinfluencesworA ers’p2.WecaninferfromthetalAthatharmoniousworArelationsmayhaveadirecti mpactonyour____.A.promotionB.colleaguesC.managementD.union3.SupposingyouwereworAinginasmallfirm,whichofthefollowingwouldyo udowhenyouhadsomeA.RequestaformalspecialmeetingwiththeB.Draftaformalagendaforaspecialmeeting.C.ContactaconsultativecommitteeD.AsAtoseethebossforatalAimmediately.4.AccordingtothetalA,theunionplaysthefollowingrolesEGCPETA.mediationB.arbitrationC.negotiationD.representation5.WhichtopicisNOTcoveredinthetalAA.Roleoftheunion.B.WorApanystructure.D.Officelayout.SECTIONBINTERVIEWQuestions6to10arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillb egiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistento theinterview.6.WhichofthefollowingsatementsisINCORRECTabout David’s personalba cAground?A.HehadeGcellentacademicrecordsatschoolanduniversity.B.HewasonceonaPhDprogrammeatYaleC.HereceivedprofessionaltraininginD.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.7.DavidisinclinedtobelieveinA.aliensC.theTVcharacterernmentconspiracies8.DavidthinAsheisfitfortheTVrolebecauseofhisA.professionaltrainingB.pC.lifeeGperienceD.appearance9.Fromtheinterview,weAnowthatatpresentDavidfeels____.A.asenseoffrustrationB.hauntedbytheunAnownC.confidentbutmoodyD.successfulyetunsatisfied10.HowdoesDavidfeelaboutthedivorceofhisA.Hefeelsasenseofanger.B.Hehasasenseofsadness.C.Ithelpedhimgrowup.D.Itleftnoeffectonhim.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTQuestion11isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothe11.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?concernovertheforthcomingpeacetalAB.PeaceeffortsbythePalestinianAuthoC.RecommendationsbytheMitchellD.BombattacAsaimedatIsraelicivilians.Question12isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwill begiven15secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.12.SomevoterswillwastetheirballotsbecauseA.theyliAeneithercandidateB.theyareallill-informedC.thecandidatesdonotdiffermuchD.theydonotwanttovotetwiceQuestions13to15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem, youwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthequestions.Nowlistentothen ews.13.AccordingtotheUNHumanDevelopmentReport,whichisthebestplacefo rwomenintheA.Canada.B.TheUS.C.Australia.D.Scandinavia.14.____isinthe12thplaceinoverallranAA.BritainB.FranceC.FinlandD.Switzerland15.AccordingtotheUNreport,theleastdevelopedcountryisA.EthiopiaB.MaliC.SierraLeonD.CentralAfricanRepublicSECTIONDNOTE-TAAINGANDGAP-FILLING Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY. Whilelistening,taAenotesontheimportantpoints.FillineachofthegapswithONEword.Youmayrefertoyournotes.MaAesureth ewordyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyMaslow’s HierarchyofNeeds AbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanb earrangedinorderofPhysiologicalneeds:themost(1)____onesforsurvival.Theyincludesuchneed sasfood,water,etc.Andthereisusuallyonewaytosatisfytheseneeds.(2)____needs:needsfor〖ZA(〗a)physicalsecurity;b)(3)____security.〖ZA)〗Theformermeansnoillnessorinjury,whilethelatterisconcernedwithfreedo mfrom(4)____,misfortunes,etc.Theseneedscanbemetthroughavarietyofm eans,e.g.jobsecurity,(5)____plans,andsafeworAingconditions. Socialneeds:humanrequirementsfor〖ZA(〗a)loveandaffection;b)asenseofbelonging.〖ZA)〗Therearetwowaystosatisfytheseneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsatworAplace;〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(〗formationofrelationshipsoutsideworAplace.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Esteemneeds:〖ZA(〗a)self-esteem,i.e.one’s senseofachievement;b)〖ZA(〗esteemofothers,i.e.others’respectasaresultof one’s(6)____.〖ZA)〗〖ZA)〗Thereneedscanbefulfilledbyachievement,promotion,honours,Self-realizationneeds:needtorealize one’s potential.Waystorealizethesen eedsareindividuallyFeaturesofthehierarchyofneeds:〖ZA(〗a)〖ZA(〗Social,esteemandself-realizationneedsareeGclusively(8)____nees.〖ZA)〗b)〖ZA(#〗NesdsaresatisfiedinafiGedorderfromthebottomup.c)(9)____forneedscomesfromthelowestun-metd)Differentlevelsofneedsmay(10)____whentheycomesintoplay.〖ZA)〗[(10)____〖DZ〗〗ProofreadingandErrorCorrection(15min) ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaGimumofO NEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepas sageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Foraworngword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneinthebla nAprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,marAthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signand writethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheliForanunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”and putthewordintheblanAprovidedattheendoftheline.EGWhen∧artmuseumwantsaneweGhibit, itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs[JY](2)[themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsan[ZZ(Z]eGhibition[ZZ)],itmustoftenbuildit.[JY](3)[ZZ(Z]eGhibit[ZZ)]〖FA)〗〖CSD〗〖CSG〗DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremor eeagerthanovertoestablishfamilies.TheyquicAlybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethan[JY](1)____ahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom”.[JY](2)____Thereyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbut[JY](temporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthethroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandata[JY](4)____youngeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themanandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreduced[JY](7)____thedivorcerateafterapostwarpeaA;theirmarriagesremainedtoagreatereGtentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintainedits dubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld, thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameeGtentin[JY](10)____Europe.ContrarytofearsoftheeGperts,theroleofandhomemaAerwasnotPartⅢReadingComprehension(40min) SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmult iple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarAyouranswersonyour COLOREDANSWERSHEET.TEGTA HostilitytoGypsieshaseGistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wer eshroudedinmystery.WhatisAnownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoft heirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEas tathousandyearsago,worAingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metalsmithsan dservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies. Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmad ethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefac eofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivis tsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.B utonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquicAly,withthechurchseeing heresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviourinthei rnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctiv ebrightclothes,tospeaAtheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,or toplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery—i t wasn’t untilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.Inmorer ecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshal famillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheel sremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenha vebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptionton on-Gypsyfamilies.ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadisti nctethnicgroup,andtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestim ated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,maAingthemthecontinent’s largestminority.TheeGactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshavereg ularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanGioustodownplaytheirprofile andbyGypsiesthemselves,seeAingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtore medypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.Hundredsofthousands morehaveemigratedtotheAmericansandelsewhere.WithveryfeweGceptio nsGypsieshaveeGpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unli AetheJews,towhomtheGypsyeGperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan ,”s aidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“is wheremytwofeet stand.”16.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey____.A.areengagedintraditionalcraftsB.callthemselvesC.liveunderaclansystemD.faceeGternalthreats17.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallth efollowingEGCEPT____.A.theEgyptiansB.theC.thechurchD.theNazis18.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandthe JewsliesintheirconceptsofnguageB.cultureC.identityD.customTeGtBIwasjustaboywhenmyfatherbroughtmetoHarlemforthefirsttime,almost50 yearsago.WestayedattheHotelTheresa,agrandbricAstructureat125thStreetandSeventhAvenus.Once,inthehotelrestaurant,myfatherpointedoutJoe Louis.HeevengotMr.Brown,thehotelmanager,tointroducemetohim,abitp aunchybutstillthechampasfarasIwasconcerned.Muchhaschangedsincethen.Businessandrealestatearebooming.Somesay anewrenaissanceisunderway.Othersdecrywhattheyseeasoutsideforcesru nningroughshodovertheoldHarlem.NewYorAmeantHarlemtome,andasayoungmanIvisiteditwheneverIcould. Butmanyofmyoldhauntsaregone.TheTheresashutdownin1966.Nationalch ainsthatonceignoredHarlemnowanticipateyuppiemoneyandwantpieceso fthisprimeManhattanrealestate.SohereIamonahotAugustafternoon,sittin ginaStarbucAsthattwoyearsagoopenedablocAawayfromtheTheresa,snat chingatmemoriesbetweensipsofhigh-pricedcoffee.Iamabouttoopenupap ieceoftheoldHarlem—theNewYorAAmsterdamNews—whenatouristasAi ngdirectionsto Sylvia’s,aprominentHarlemrestaurant,penetratesmydayd reaming.He’s carryingabooA:HistoricHistory.ImissMr.MichauG’s booAstore,hisHouseofCommonSense,which wasacrossfromtheTheresa.Hehadabigbillboardoutfrontwithbrownandbla cAfacespaintedonitthatsaidinlarge letters:“World HistoryBooAOutleton2 0XX000000AfricansandNonwhitePeoples.”An uglystateofficebuildingha sswallowedthatspace.ImissspeaAerliAeCarlosCooAs,whowasalwaysonthesouthwestcornerof12 5thandSeventh,urginglistenerstosupportAfrica.Harlem’s powerfulpolitic alelectricityseemsunplugged—althoughthestreetsarestillenergized,espe ciallybyWestAfricanimmigrants.HardworAingsouthernnewcomersformedthebulAofthecommunitybacAi nthe1920sand’30s,whenHarlemrenaissanceartists,writers,andintellectu alsgaveitaglitterandrenownthatmadeitthecapitalofblacAAmerica.FromH arlem,W.E.B.Dubois,LangstonHughes,PaulRobeson,ZoraHurston,andoth ershelpedpower America’s culturalinfluencearoundtheworld.Bythe1970sand’80s drugsandcrimehadravagedpartsofthecommunity.A ndthelifeeGpectancyformeninHarlemwaslessthanthatofmeninBanglades h.Harlemhadbecomeasymbolofthedangersofinner-citylife.Now,youwanttoshout“Loo A in’good!”at thisplacethathasbeenneglect edforsolong.CrowdspushintoHarlemUSA,anewshoppingcentreon125th, whereaDisneystoresharesspacewithHMVRecords,theNewYorASportsClu b,andanine-screenMagicJohnsontheatrecompleG.Nearb,aRiteAiddrugst orealsoopened.MaybepartofthereasonHarlemseemstobeundergoingare birthisthatitisfinallygettingwhatmostpeopletaAeforgranted.Harlemisalsopartofan“empowermentzone”—afederaldesignationaime datfosteringeconomicgrowththatwillbringoverhalfabillioninfederal,state, andlocaldollars.Justtheshellsofonceelegantoldbrownstonesnowcancosts everalhundredthousanddollars.RentsaresAyrocAeting.Animprovedecono my,tougherlawenforcement,andcommunityeffortsagainstdrugshavecont ributedtoa60percentdropincrimesince1993.19.AtthebeginningtheauthorseemstoindicatethatHarlemA.hasremainedunchangedalltheseB.hasundergonedrasticC.hasbecomethecapitalofBlacAD.hasremainedasymbolofdangersofinner-citylife20.WhentheauthorrecallsHarlemintheolddays,hehasafeelingofA.indifferenceB.discomfortC.delightD.nostalgia21.HarlemwascalledthecapitalofBlacAAmericainthe1920sand’30s mainl ybecauseofits____.A.artandcultureB.immigrantC.politicalenthusiasmD.distinctivearchitecture22.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat,generallyspeaAing,theauthorA.hasstrongreservationsaboutthechangesB.hasslightreservationsaboutthechangesC.welcomesthechangesinHarlemD.iscompletelyopposedtothechangesTEGTCTheseniorpartner,OliverLambert,studiedtheresumeforthehundredthtime andagainfoundnothinghedisliAedaboutMitchellY.McDeere,atleastnoton paper.Hehadthebrains,theambition,thegoodlooAs.Andhewashungry;wit hhisbacAground,hehadtobe.Hewasmarried,andthatwasmandatory.Thefir mhadneverhiredanunmarriedlawyer,anditfrownedheavilyondivorce,aswe llaswomanizinganddrinAing.Drugtestingwasinthecontract.Hehadadegre einaccounting,passedtheCPAeGamthefirsttimehetooAitandwantedtobea taGlawyer,whichofcoursewasarequirementwithataGfirm.Hewaswhite,and thefirmhadneverhiredablacA.Theymanagedthisbybeingsecretiveandclub bishandneversolicitingjobapplications.Otherfirmssolicited,andhiredblac As.Thisfirmrecruited,andremainedlilywhite.Plus,thefirmwasinMemphis,andthetopblacAswantedNewYorAorWashingtonorChicago.McDeerewasam ale,andtherewerenowomeninthefirm.ThatmistaAehadbeenmadeinthemi d-seventieswhentheyrecruitedthenumberonegradfromHarvard,whohap penedtobeasheandawizardattaGation.Shelastedfourturbulentyearsandw asAilledinacarwrecA.HelooAedgood,onpaper.Hewastheirtopchoice.Infact,forthisyeartherewer enootherprospects.Thelistwasveryshort.ItwasMcDeere,orno Themanagingpartner,RoyceMcAnight,studiedadossierlabeled“MitchellY.McDeere—Harvard.”An inchthicAwithsmallprintandafewphotographs; ithadbeenpreparedbysomeeGCIAagentsinaprivateintelligenceoutfitinBet hesda.Theywereclientsofthefirmandeachyeardidtheinvestigatingfornofe e.ItwaseasyworA,theysaid,checAingoutunsuspectinglawstudents.Theylea rned,forinstance,thathepreferredtoleavetheNortheast,thathewasholding threejoboffers,twoinNewYorAandoneinChicago,andthatthehighestoffer was$76000andthelowestwas$68000.Hewasindemand.Hehadbeengivent heopportunitytocheatonasecuritieseGamduringhissecondyear.Hedecline d,andmadethehighestgradeintheclass.Twomonthsagohehadbeenoffered cocaineatalawschoolparty.Hesaidnoandleftwheneveryonebegansnorting .HedranAanoccasionalbeer,butdrinAingwaseGpensiveandhehadnomone y.Heowedcloseto$23000instudentloans.Hewashungry.RoyceMcAnightflippedthroughthedossierandsmiled.McDeerewastheirm an.LamarQuinwasthirty-twoandnotyetapartner.Hehadbeenbroughtalongtol ooAyoungandactyoungandprojectayouthfulimageforBendini,Lambert&LocAe,whichinfactwasayoungfirm,sincemostofthepartnersretiredintheirlat efortiesorearlyfiftieswithmoneytoburn.HewouldmaAepartnerinthisfirm. WithasiG-figureincomeguaranteedfortherestofhislife,Lamarcouldenjoyth etwelve-hundred-dollartailoredsuitsthathungsocomfortablyfromhistall,a thleticframe.Hestrollednonchalantlyacrossthethousandsuiteandpouredanothercupofdecaf.HechecAedhiswatch.Heglancedatthe twopartnerssittingatthesmallconferencetablenearthemarlooAedatthepar tners,whoslidtheresumeanddossierintoanopenbriefcase.Allthreereached marbuttonedhistopbuttonandopenedthedoor.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthe firm’s recruitmentrequirement?A.Marriage.B.BacAground.C.Relevantdegree.D.Male.24.ThedetailsoftheprivateinvestigationshowthatthefirmA.wasinterestedinhisfamilybacAB.intendedtochecAouthisotherjoboffersC.wantedtoAnowsomethingabouthisD.wasinterestedinanypersonaldetailoftheman25.Accordingtothepassage,themainreasonLamaQuinwasthereattheinterv iewwasthatA.hisimagecouldhelpimpressMcDeereB.hewouldsoonbecomeapartnerC.hewasgoodatinterviewingD.hisbacAgroundwassimilarto McDeere’s26.WegettheimpressionfromthepassagethatinjobrecruitmentthefirmwasNOTA.selectiveB.secretiveC.perfunctoryD.raciallybiasedTEGTDHarryTrumandidn’t thinAhissuccessorhadtherighttrainingtobepresident .“Poor IAe—it won’t beabitliAethe Army,”he said.“He’ll sittherealldays aying‘do this,do that,’and nothingwill happen.”Truman waswrongabou tIAe.DwightEisenhowerhadledafractiousalliance—you didn’t tellWinston Churchillwhattodo—inamassive,chaoticwar.Hewasusedtopolitics.ButTru man’s insightcouldwellbeappliedtoanother,evenmoreveneratedWashin gtonfigure:theCEO-turnedcabinetsecretary.A20-yearbullmarAethasconvincedusallthatCEOsaregeniuses,sowatchwit hastonishmentthetroublesofDonaldRumsfeldandPaul O’Neill.Herearetw ohighlyregardedbusinessmen,obviouslyintelligentandwell-informed,fou nderingintheirjobs.Actually,weshou ldn’t besurprised.Rumsfeldand O’Neillarenotdoingbad lydespitehavingbeensuccessfulCEOsbutbecauseofit.Therecordofseniorb usinessmeningovernmentisoneofalmostunrelieveddisappointment.Infac t,withtheeGceptionofRobertRubin,itisdifficulttothinAofaCEOwhohadasuc cessfulcareeringovernment.Whyisthis?Well,firsttheCEOhastorecognizethatheisnolongertheCEO.Heis atbestanadvisertotheCEO,thepresident.Buteventhepresidentisnotreallyth eCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructure d.PowerinWashingtonisdiffuseandhorizontallyspreadout.Thesecretarymi ghtthinA he’s inchargeofhisagency.Butthechairmanofthecongressionalcommitteefundingthatagencyfeelsthesame.Inhisfamousstudy“Presidenti alPowerandtheModern Presidents,”Richard NeustadteGplainshowlittlep owerthepresidentactuallyhasandconcludesthattheonlylastingpresidentia lpoweris“the powerto persuade.”TaAe Rumseld’s attempttotransformthecold-warmilitaryintoonegearedf orthefuture.It’s innovativebutdeeplythreateningtoalmosteveryoneinWa shington.TheDefensesecretarydidnottrytosellittotheJointChiefsofStaff,C ongress,thebudgetofficeoftheWhiteHouse.Asaresult,theideaiscollapsing.Second,whatpoweryouhave,youmustusecarefully.ForeGample,O’Neill’spositionasTreasurysecretaryisonewithlittleformalauthority.UnliAeFinanc eministersaroundtheworld,Treasurydoesnotcontrolthebudget.Butithassy mbolicpower.ThesecretaryisseenasthechiefeconomicspoAesmanforthea dministrationand,ifheplaysitright,thechiefeconomicadviserforthepreside nt.O’Neillhasbeenpubliclycriticalofthe IMF’s bailoutpacAagesfordevelopi ngcountrieswhileatthesametimeapprovingsuchpacAagesforTurAey,Arge ntinaandBrazil.Asaresult,hehasgottentheworstofbothworlds.Thebailouts continue,buttheireffectinholsteringinvestorconfidenceislimitedbecauset hemarAetsarerattledbyhissAepticism.Perhapsthegovernment doesn’t dobailoutswell.Butthatleadstoathirdrule :you can’t justquit.JacA Welch’s famouslawforre-engineeringGeneralEle ctricwastobefirstorsecondinanygivenproductcategory,orelsegetoutoftha tbusiness.Butifthegovernment isn’t doingaparticularjobatpeaAlevel,itdoesn’t alwayshavetheoptionofrelievingitselfofthatfunction.ThePentagon probablywastesalotofmoney.Butit can’t getoutofthenational-securitybu siness.TheAeytoformerTreasurysecretary Rubin’s successmayhavebeenthathef ullyunderstoodthatbusinessandgovernmentare,inhiswords,“necessarily andproperlyvery different.”In arecentspeechheeGplained,“Business func tionsaroundonepredominateorganizingprinciple,ernme nt,ontheotherhand,dealswithavastnumberofequallylegitimateandoftenp otentiallycompetingobjectives—foreGample,energyproductionversusen vironmentalprotection,orsafetyregulationsversusproductivity.”Rubin’s eGampleshowsthattalentedpeoplecandowellingovernmentifthe yarewillingtotreatitasitsownseparate,seriousendeavour.Buthavingbeenb athedinacultureofadorationandflattery,it’s difficultforaCEOtobelievehen eedstolistenandlearn,particularlyfromthosedespisedandpoorlypaidspeci mens,politicians,bureaucratsandthemedia.AndevenifheAnowsitintellectu ally,hejust can’t livewithit.27.ForaCEOtobesuccessfulingovernment,hehastoA.regardthepresidentastheB.taAeabsolutecontrolofhisC.eGercisemorepowerthanthecongressionalcommitteeD.becomeacquaintedwithitspowerstructure28.Incommentingon O’Neill’s recordasTreasurySecretary,thepassagese emstoindicatethatA.O’NeillhasfailedtousehispowerB.O’NeillpolicieswerewellreceivedC.O’NeillhasbeenconsistentinhisD.O’NeilluncertainaboutthepacAage he’s approved29.Accordingtothepassage,thedifferencesbetweengovernmentandbusin esslieinthefollowingareasEGCEPTA.natureofactivityB.optinofwithdrawalC.legitimacyofactivityD.powerdistribution30.TheauthorseemstosuggestthatCEO-turnedgovernmentofficialsA.areabletofitintotheirnewB.areunliAelytoadapttotheirnewC.canrespondtonewsituationsintelligentlyD.mayfeeluncertainintheirnewposts SECTIONBSAIMMINGANDSCANNING(10Inthissectiontherearesevenpassageswithtenmultiple-choicequestions.SA imorscanthemasrequiredandthenmarAyouranswersonCOLOREDANSWE RSHEET.TEGTEFirstreadthequestion.31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith____intheA.travelingB.bigcitiesC.cybercafesD.inventionsNowgothroughTEGTEquicAlytoanswerquestion31.Planningtoansweryoure-mailwhileonholidayinNewYorA?Thatmaynotbee asy.TheInternetmayhavebeeninventedintheUnitedStates,butAmericaison eoftheleastliAelyplaceswhereatravellermightfindanInternetcafe.“EverymajorcityintheworldhasmorecybercafesthanNewYorA,”says JoieAelly,wh .Thenumbersseemtobearherout:accordingtov ariousdirectories,Londonhasmorethan30,Paris19,Istanbul17,butNewYor Ahasonly8.OtherU.S.citiesfarejustaspoorly:LosAngeleshasabout11,Chica gohas4.“Hereit’s quitehardworAtofindacafe.Iwass urprised,”says Mich aelRobson,asportswriterfromYorA,England,whowasvisiblyrelievedtobech ecAinghise-mailatCyberCafenearNewYorA’s TimesSquare.WhythelacAofplacestoplugin?AmericansenjoyoneofthehighestratesofInt ernetaccessfromworAandhomeintheworld,and they’ve neverreallytaAen tocafes.About80percentof CyberCafe’s clients,forinstance,aretouristsfro moverseas.GreeAtycoonSteliosHajiIoannoualsothinAshighpricesdriveaw stNovemberheoppenedabranchofhisInternet-cafechaineasyEv erythinginTimesSquare.With800terminals,it’s thelargestNetcafeinthewo rld.WhilethetypicalAmericancafecharges$8to$12anhour,easyEverythingc harges$1to4.MarAetingmanagerStephaineEngelsensayshalfthe cafe’s cu stomersarelocals.“We getpolicemen,firemen,nurseswho don’t worAatd esAswithcomputers,actorsbetween auditions.”easyEverything isnowplan ningtoopennewlocationsinHarlem,andpossiblySoHo.Unlessthere’s som eculturalshiftafoot,however,NewYorAwillcontinuetolagbehindmetropolis esfromMeGicoCitytoMoscow.TEGTFFirstreadthequestion.32.InthepassagebelowtheauthorprimarilyattemptstoA.criticizeyogisintheWestB.definewhatyoagC.teachyogaposturesD.eGperimentwithyoga NowgothroughTEGTFquicAlytoanswerquestion32.Mostoftheso-calledyogisintheWestseemtofocusonfigurecorrection,nottr ueawareness.TheymaAestatementsaboutyogabeingforthebody,mindand soul.Butthisisjustsemantics.Asanas(postures),whichgetsuchhugeplayinth eWest,arethesmallestaspectofyoga.Eitheryoupracticeyogaasawholeoryo u don’t.Ifoneispracticingjustforhealth,bettertotaAeupwalAing.Needtocu readisease?Seeadoctor.Yogaisnotaboutfancyasanasorbreathcontrol.Nori sitatherapyoraphilosophy.Yogaisaboutinsideawareness.Itistheprocessof unionoftheselfwiththewhole.YogaisbecomingtheBuddha. YogisareeGperimentalists.IntheWest,scientistsresearchmainlyeGternalph enomena.Yogisfocusontheinside.TheyAnowthattheeGternalworldismaya (illusionary)andeverythinginsideissathya(truth).Inmayaeverythinggoes,b utifyouAnowyourselfnothinggoes.TheWesttendstopracticeonlywhatwec allculturalasanasthatfocusontheeGternal.We don’t practiceasanasjustto becomefit.Indianyogishavediscovered8.4millionsuchpostures.Itisessentia ltotrainourbodiestofindthemostcomfortableposethatwecansitinforhours. Beyondthatthereisnoroleforphysicalyoga. Basicallyyogaismadeupoftwoparts:(eGternalyoga)and(internalyoga).TheWestpracticesonlytheformer.Itneedstoenterint o yoga.AfterthatbeginsthetriptotheunAnownwherethemast ermaAesthestudentgraduallyawareateverystage,whereyouAnowthatyou arenotthebodyorthemindandnoteventhesoul.Thatiswhenyougetthefirstt asteof A orenlightenment.Itisthesenseoftheopeningofthesilence,thesensewhereyouloseyourselfandarehappydoingit,whereforthefirstti meyouregohasmergedwiththesuperconsciousness.Youfeelyounolongere Gist,foryouhavewalAedintothevalleyofdeath.AndifyoustartwalAingmorea ndmoreinthisvalley,youbecomefreer.TEGTGFirstreadthequestion.33.The reviewer’s commentsonHenryA issinger’s newbooAarebasically_A.negativeB.noncommittalC.unfoundedD.positiveNowgothroughTEGTGquicAlytoanswerquestion33.WhateveryouthinAofHenryAissinger,youhavetoadmit:themanhasstaying power.WithanewbooA—AmericaNeedaForeign—onthes helves,AissingerisonceagainhelpingtoshapeAmericanthinAingonforeignr elations.ThisisthesiGthdecadeinwhichthatstatementcanbesaidtobetrue.A issinger’s newbooAisterrific.PlainlyintendedasaneGtendedtutorialonp olicyforthenewAmericanAdministration,itisfullofgoodsenseandstuddedw ithoccasionalinsightsthatwillhavereadersnoddingtheirheadsinsilentagree ment.AparticularlygoodchapteronAsiarebuAesanyonewhounthinAinglya ssignsChinatheroleonceplayedbytheSovietUnionasthenaturalantagonist oftheU.S.A issinger’s booAcanalsobereadinanother,andmoreilluminating,light.Itis, inessence,aneGtendedmeditationontheendofaparticularwayoflooAingat theworld:onewheretheprincipalactorsininternationalrelationsarenation-states,pursuingtheirconceptionoftheirownnationalinterest,andinwhichthe basicruleofforeignpolicyisthatonenationdoesnotinterveneintheinternalaf fairsofanother.Studentsofinternationalrelationscallthisthe“Westphaliansystem,”after t he1648PeaceofWestphaliathatended Europe’s ThirtyYearsWar,atimeofin describablecarnagewagedinthenameofcompetingreligions.Thetreatiesth atendedthewarputdomesticarrangements—liAereligion—offlimitstooth erstates.Inthe war’s aftermatharough-rand-readycommitmenttoabalanc eofpoweramongneighbourstooAshape.Aissingerisanotedshcoolofthebal anceofpower.Andheissuspiciousofattemptstomeddleintheinternalbusine ssofothers.YetAissingerisfartoosophisticatedtoattempttorecreateaworldthatis lost.“Tod ay,”hewrites,“te Westphalianorderisinsystematic crisis.”In particular ,nation-statesarenolongerthesoledriversoftheinternationalsystem.Insom ecases,groupsofstates—liAetheEuropeanUnionorMercosur—havedevelo pedtheirownidentitiesandagendas.Economicglobalizationhasbothblurre dtheboundariesbetweennationsandgivenasubstantialinternationalroleto thosegiantcompaniesforwhomsuchboundariesmaAelittlesense.Intoday ’s world,individualscanbeasinfluentialasnations;futurehistoriansmaycon siderthesupportforpublichealthoftheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationtob emorenoteworthythanlastweeA’s UnitedNationsconferenceonAIDS.And alargenumberofinstitutionsarepremisedontheassumptionthatinterventio nintheinternalaffairsofothersisoftendesirable.Werethatnotthecase,Slobo danMilosevicwouldnothavebeensurrenderedlastweeAtothejurisdictionofthewarcrimestribunalintheHague. Theconsequencesofthesechangesareprofound.Aissingerisrighttonotetha tglobalizationhasunderminedtheroleofthenation-statelessinthecaseofth eU.S.(Why?Because it’s morepowerfulthananyoneelse.)Elsewhere,theold waysofthinAingaboutthe“nationalinterest”—thatguidinglightoftheWe stphaliansystem—havefeweradherentsthantheyoncedid.TEGTHFirstreadthequestion.34.InthepassagetheauthoreGpresseshisconcernaboutA.thesurvivalofsmalllanguagesB.globalizationinthepost-ColdWareraC.present-daytechnologicalprogressD.ecologicalimblance NowgothroughTEGTHquicAlytoanswerquestion34.Duringthepastcentury,duetoavarietyoffactors,morethan1000oftheworld ’s languageshavedisappeared,anditispossibletoforeseeatime,perhaps10 0yearsfromnow,whenabouthalfof today’s6000languageswilleitherbede adordying.ThisstartlingrateoflinguisticeGtinctionispossiblebecause96percentofthe world’s languagesarenowspoAenonlyby4percentofthe world’s populati on.Globalizationinthepost-ColdWarerahaswitnessedthecomingoftheinform ationage,whichhasplayedanimportantroleinpromotingeconomicco-oper ationbutwhichhas,atthesametime,helpedfacilitatetheassimilationofsmall。

03年英语专业八级考试真题（语法部分）03年英语专业八级考试真题(语法部分)PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLE When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)__ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.”These young (2)__ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)__ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns.From the 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)__ and at a younger age than their Europecounterparts.(5)__ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)__ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)__ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)__ as later decades.Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)__ distinction of having the hig。

2003年英语专业八级试题答案及详细解说答案与详解PAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK1．答案：B【问句译文】根据该谈话内容，关于办公室的下列哪一种说法是不正确的？【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。

【详细解答】由谈话中提到的“Let‟s first take a l ook of the offices，the physical surroundings of most modern companies，especially offices are becoming more and more similar．”可知“全球的办公室基本上是一样的”故可排除选项A；根据听到的“this is the feature that．．．，may be dependent on the size of the company”和“．．．modem companies pay special attention to the physical surrounding，in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency．”可知，办公环境设置与公司规模有一定联系并影响着工作人员的办公效率，可排除选项C和D。

只有选项B不合题意，故为正确答案。

2．答案：A【问句译文】由谈话可以推知，和谐的工作关系对你的什么产生直接的影响？【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】由谈话中提到的“．．．particularly as the management‟s assessment of how are you performing can be crucial to your future career．”可知，工作表现会直接影响到未来的事业，故选项A promotion(提升，晋级)为正确答案。

2003年4月英语专业八级口语考试真题2003年4月英语专业八级口语真题Task One:The Speech by a World Bank Group Official at the 2002 Wester China International Economy and Trade Fair Governor Zhang, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,I am delighted to be here this morning to open the Western China International Economy and Trade Fair. Iwould like to thank the People’s Government of Sichuan for inviting us to attend this important event where government leaders from Beijing and twelve other provinces meet to discuss strategies for developing China’s Western Region.This event reflects the strong commitment of the Government and the people of China to develop the Western Region. I am very impressed with the enthusiasm and determination demonstrated not only by the public sectors, but also by the private sectors in supporting the Western development goals set forth by the Government.The purpose of my current visit to China is to evaluate recent economic developments in China, and discuss with Chinese leader the World Bank Group’s assistance strategy for China after its entry into the WTO. Istarted my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come to Sichuan. I have seen good examples of how the World Bank Group can offer assistance to the Government and the private sectors to develop China’s West. There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with a total area of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million. The Government’s desire to accelerate the development of thewestern provinces is vital to the success of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run. There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked. These include continued efforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.In closing, I would like to thank the Government of Sichuan for its support to World Bank and IFC operations in Sichuan. We look forward to working with all of you to contribute to the development of China’s West and to improve people’s lives in this important part of the country. Thank you!1.The purpose of my current visit to China is to evaluate recent economic developments inChina, and discuss with Chinese leaders the World Bank Group’s assistance strategy for China after its entry into the WTO.2.I started my visit two days ago in the western province of Yunnan and have now come toSichuan. Ihave seen good examples of how the World Bank Group can offer assistance to the Government and the private sectors to develop China’s West.3.There are 11 provinces, autonomous regions and one municipality in west China, with atotalarea of about 6.8 million square kilometers and a population of 364 million.4.The Government’s desire to accelerate the development of the western provinces is vital to thesuccess of achieving a sustained growth for China in the long run.5.There are also challenges, however, that should not be overlooked. These include continuedefforts to create and improve the business environment. But I am confident that these challenges will be met.Task Two:1.我们举办这个展览会的目的是加强在这一领域的国际交流合作。

2003年英语专业八级考试试卷真题PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheetSECTION A TALKQuestions I to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the talk.1. Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk?A. Offices throughout the world are basically alike.B. There are primarily two kinds of office layout.C. Office surroundings used to depend on company size.D. Office atmosphere influences workers' performance.2. We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on yourA. promotion.B. colleagues.C. management.D. union.3. Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances?A. Request a formal special meeting with the boss.B. Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting.C. Contact a consultative committee first.D. Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately.4. According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPTA. mediation.B. arbitration.C. negotiation.D. representation.5. Which topic is NOT covered in the talk?A. Role of the union.B. Work relations.C. Company structure.D. Office layout.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?A. He had excellent academic records at school and university.B. He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.C. He received professional training in acting.D. He came from a single-parent family.7. David is inclined to believe inA. aliens.B. UFOs.C. the TV character.D. government conspiracies.8. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of hisA. professional training.B. personality.C. life experience.D. appearance.9. From the interview, we know that at present David feelsA. a sense of frustration.B. haunted by the unknown thingsC. confident but moody.D. successful yet unsatisfied.10. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?A. He feels a sense of anger.B. He has a sense of sadness.C. It helped him grow up.D. It left no effect on him.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11. What is the main idea of the news item?A. US concern over th6 forthcoming peace talks.B. Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.C. Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.D. Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.12. Some voters will waste their ballots becauseA. they like neither candidate.B. they are all ill-informed.C. the candidates do not differ much.D. they do not want to vote twice.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer each of the questions.Now listen to the news.13. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?A. Canada.B. The US.C. Australia.D. Scandinavia.14. _______ is in the 12th place in overall ranking.A. BritainB. FranceC. FinlandD. Switzerland15. According to the UN report, the least developed country isA. Ethiopia.B. Mali.C. Sierra Leon.D. Central African Republic.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.PART III READING COMPREHENSIOS (40MIN)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet~ TEXT AHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished inthe Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own -unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ron ald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."16. Gypsies are united only when theyA are engaged in traditional crafts.B. call themselves Roma.C. live under a clan system.D. face external threats.17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the followingEXCEPTA. the Egyptians.B the state.C. the church.D. the Nazis.18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA．language.B. culture.C. identity.D. custom.TEXTＢI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book:Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michaux's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged-although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and'30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and '80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life.Now, you want to shout “Lookin’good!”at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that HarlemA. has remained unchanged all these years.B. has undergone drastic changes.C. has become the capital of Black America.D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life.20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling ofA. indifference.B, discomfort.C. delight.D. nostalgia.21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and '30s mainly because of itsA. art and culture.B. immigrant population.C. political enthusiasm.'D. distinctive architecture.22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the authorA. has strong reservations about the changes.B. has slight reservations about the changes,C. welcomes the changes in Harlem.D. is completely opposed to the changes.TEXT CThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm’s recruitment requirement?A. Marriage.B. Background.C. Relevant degree.D. Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family background.B. intended to check out his other job offers.C. wanted to know something about his preference.D. was interested in any personal detail of the man.25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDereer.B. he would soon become a partner himself.C. he was good at interviewing applicants.D. his background was similar to MeDereer's.26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selective.B. secretive.C. perfunctory.D. racially biased.2003年专业八级考试真题(2)2004年05月10日15:22:22沪江英语TEXT KFirst read the questions.39. When did Moore receive his first commission?A. In 1948.B. In 1946.C. In 1931.D. In 1928.40. Where did Moore win his first international prize?A. In London.B. In Venice.C. In New York.D. In Hamburg.Now go through TEXT K quickly to answer questions 39 and 40.Henry Moore, the seventh of eight children of Raymond Spencer Moore and his wife Mary, was born in Yorkshire on 30 July 1898. After graduating from secondary school, Moore taught for a short while. Then the First World War began and he enlisted in the army at the age of eighteen. After the war he applied for and received an ex-serviceman's grant to attend Leeds School of Art. At the end of his second year he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London.In 1928 Moore met Irina Radetsky, a painting student at the college, whom he married a year later. The couple then moved into a house which consisted of a small ground-floor studio with anequally small flat above. This remained their London home for ten years.Throughout the 1920's Moore was involved in the art life of London. His first commission, received in 1928, was to produce a sculpture relief for the newly opened headquarters of London Transport. His first one-man exhibition opened at the Warren Gallery in 1928; it was followed by a show at the Leicester Galleries in 1931 and his first sale to a gallery abroad- the Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg. His success continued.In 1946 Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modem Art, New York. In 1948 he won the International Sculpture Prize at the 24th Venice Biennale, the first of countless international accolades acquired in succeeding years. At the same time sales of Moore's work around the world increased, as did the demand for his exhibitions. By the end of 1970's the number of exhibitions had grown to an average of forty a year, ranging from the very small to major international retrospectives taking years of detailed planning and preparation.The main themes in Moore's work included the mother and child, the earliest work created in 1922, and the reclining figure dating from 1926. At the end of the 1960's came stringed figures based on mathematical models observed in the Science Museum, and the first helmet head, a subject that later developed into the internal-external theme- variously interpreted as a hard form coveting a soft, like a mother protecting her child or a foetus inside a womb.A few years before his death in 1986 Moore gave the estate at Perry Green with its studios, houses and cottages to the Trustees of the Henry Moore Foundation to promote sculpture and the fine arts within the cultural life of the country and in particular the works of Henry Moore.- THE END -ANSWER SHEET ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAPFILING (15 MIN)Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Marslow's Hierarchy of NeedsAbraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged In order of importance.Physiological needs: the most (1)______________ones for survival.They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. (2)______________needs: needs for a) physical security;b)(3)_______________security.The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)______________, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)______________________plans, and safe working conditions.Social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection;b) a sense of belonging.There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace;b) formation of relationships outside workplace.Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one's sense of achievement;b) esteem of others, i.e. others' respect as a result of one's (6__________.These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.Self-realization needs: need to realize one's potential.Ways to realize these needs are individually (7)______________________ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively(8)______________ needs.b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c) (9)_____________for needs comes from thelowest un-met level.d) Different levels of needs may (10)_______________when they come into play.ANSWER SHEET TWOTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS [2003]-GRADE EIGIHT-PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)__years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.”These young (2)__adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively largefamilies that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)__but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)__and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)__Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)__formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)__divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well (8)__as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)__distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, thetemporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)__Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner andhomemaker was not abandoned.TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER TWOTIME LIMIT: 120 MINPART IV TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.) 2003 TEXT AHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery—it wasn‟t until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent‟s largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own—unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand.”16. Gypsies are united only when theyA. are engaged in traditional crafts.B. call themselves Roma.C. live under a clan system.D. face external threats.17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPTA. the Egyptians.B. the state.C. the church.D. the Nazis.18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts ofA. language.B. culture.C. identity.D. custom.TEXT BI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem—the New York Amsterdam News—when a tour ist asking directions to Sylvia‟s, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He‟s carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michaux‟s bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: “World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples.” An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem‟s powerful political electricity seems unplugged—although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and …30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America‟s cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and …80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life.Now, you want to shout “Lookin‟good!”at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that HarlemA. has remained unchanged all these years.B. has undergone drastic changes.C. has become the capital of Black America.D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life.20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling ofA. indifference.B. discomfort.C. delight.D. nostalgia.21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and …30s mainly because of itsA. art and culture.B. immigrant population.C. political enthusiasm.D. distinctive architecture.22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the authorA. has strong reservations about the changes.B. has slight reservations about the changes,C. welcomes the changes in Harlem.D. is completely opposed to the changes.TEXT CThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled “Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard.” An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to burn. Hewould make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the partners, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Lamar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm‟s recruitment requirement?A. Marriage.B. Background.C. Relevant degree.D. Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firmA. was interested in his family background.B. intended to check out his other job offers.C. wanted to know something about his preference.D. was interested in any personal detail of the man.25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was thatA. his image could help impress McDereer.B. he would soon become a partner himself.C. he was good at interviewing applicants.D. his background was similar to MeDereer's.26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOTA. selective.B. secretive.C. perfunctory.D. racially biased.TEXT DHarry Truman didn‟t think his successor had the right training to be president. “Poor Ike—it won‟t be a bit like the Army,”he said. “He‟ll sit there all day saying …do this, do that,‟ and nothing will happen.” Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance—you didn‟t tell Winston Churchill what to do—in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Truman‟s insight could well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure: the CEO-turned cabinet secretary.A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, so watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O‟ Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent and well-informed, foundering in their jobs.Actually, we shouldn‟t be surprised. Rumsfeld and O‟ Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unrelieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government.Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think he‟s in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study “Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents,”Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually hasand concludes that the only lasting presid ential power is “the power to persuade.”Take Rumseld‟s attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It‟s innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office of the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O‟ Neill‟s position as Treasury secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.O‟ Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF‟s bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the markets are rattled by his skepticism.Perhaps the government doesn‟t do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can‟t just quit. Jack Welch‟s famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn‟t doing a particular job at peak level, it doesn‟t always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Penta gon probably wastes a lot of money. But it can‟t get out of the national-security business.The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin‟s success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, “necessarily and properly very different.” In a recent speech he explained, “Business functions around one predominate organizing principle, profitability ... Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives—for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity.”Rubin‟s example shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it as its own separate, serious endeavour. But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery, it‟s difficult for a CEO to believe he needs to l isten and learn, particularly from those despised and poorly paid specimens, politicians, bureaucrats and the media. And even if he knows it intellectually, he just can‟t live with it.27. For a CEO to be successful in government, he has to ____.A. regard the president as the CEOB. take absolute control of his departmentC. exercise more power than the congressional committeeD. become acquainted with its power structure28. In commenting on O‟ Neill‟s record as Treasury Secretary, the pass age seems to indicate that __.A. O‟ Neill has failed to use his power wellB. O‟ Neill policies were well receivedC. O‟ Neill has been consistent in his policiesD. O‟ Neill uncertain about the package he‟s approved29. According to the passage, the differences between government and business lie in the followingareas EXCEPT ____.A. nature of activityB. option of withdrawalC. legitimacy of activityD. power distribution30. The author seems to suggest that CEO-turned government officials ____.A. are able to fit into their new rolesB. are unlikely to adapt to their new rolesC. can respond to new situations intelligentlyD. may feel uncertain in their new postsPart III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [ 10 MIN.]There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. In the U.K ____ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party, which still bears the nickname today.A. the WhigsB. the ToriesC. the NonconformistsD. the Roundheads2. The peninsula of Alaska is separated in the West from Russia‟s Siberia by ____.A. the Strait of GibraltarB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Juneau ChannelD. the Bering Strait3. Baby Boom refers to the generation born in the U.S between ____.A. 1865-1885 B 1895-1915 C 1919-1937 D 1946-19644. The oldest university in Canada is ____ founded in 1663.A. Yale UniversityB. Laval University C Cambridge University D. MIT5. In the 14th century, the most important writer of England is ____.A. LanglandB. WyclifC. GowerD. Chaucer6. “Liberty, Fraternality and Equality” were first uttered in the book ____.A. The Shepherd‟s CalendarB. UtopiaC. The Rights of ManD. The Declaration of Independence7. The real name of Mark Twain, the famous American novelist, was ____A. Richard Ganswill ThrotonB. Samuel Langhorne ClemensC. Alan Merville GingsbergD. Francis Jackie Pinter8. Which of the following statements describes Ernest Hemingway correctly?A.Hemingway was the spokesman for the Lost Generation.B.Native Son is Hemingway‟s representative work.C.Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1937D.Hemingway is famous for his complex style.9. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as ____ linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic10. N. Chomsky is a(n) ____ linguist.A. CanadianB. AmericanC. FrenchD. SwissPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.)Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar periodwere more eager than over to establish families. They quicklybrought down the age at marriage for both men and women andbrought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than 1.a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom”. 2.There young adults established a trend of early marriage and relativelylarge families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 3.temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940sthrough the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 4.younger age than their Europe counterparts. 5.Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women 6.who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 7.the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intactto a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 8.as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 9.dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in 10.Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinnerand homemaker was not abandoned.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.)TEXT A短文大意：这篇短文介绍的是吉卜赛人在欧洲受敌视的状况。

TEXT　Ｂ I was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned. Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem. New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could. But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem- the New York Amsterdam News—when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia’s, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He’s carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem. History. I miss Mr. Michaux’s bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples." An ugly state office building has swallowed that space. I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem’s powerful political electricity seems unplugged-although the sweets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants. Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and’30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America’s cultural influence around the world. By the 1970s and ’80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner-city life. Now, you want to shout “Lookin’ good!” at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted. Harlem is also part of an “empowerment zone”—a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993. 19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem A. has remained unchanged all these years. B. has undergone drastic changes. C. has become the capital of Black America. D. has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life. 20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of A. indifference. B, discomfort. C. delight.D. nostalgia. 21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and ’30s mainly because of its A. art and culture. B. immigrant population. C. political enthusiasm.’ D. distinctive architecture. 22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author A. has strong reservations about the changes. B. has slight reservations about the changes, C. welcomes the changes in Harlem. D. is completely opposed to the changes. TEXT C The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with hisbackground, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck. He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one. The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry. Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man. Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar-a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows. Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT: 195 MINSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note- taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David's personal background?[A] He had excellent academic records at school and university.[B] He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.[C] He received professional training in acting.[D] He came from a single-parent family.2. David is inclined to believe in .[A] aliens [B] UFOs [C] the TV character [D] government conspiracies3. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his .[A] professional training [B] personality [C] life experience [D] appearance4. From the interview, we know that at present David feels .[A] a sense of frustration [B] haunted by the unknown things[C] confident b ut moody [D] successful yet unsatisfied5. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?[A] He feels a sense of anger. [B] He has a sense of sadness.[C] It helped him grow up. [D] It left no effect on him.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] US concern over the forthcoming peace talks.[B] Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.[C] Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.[D] Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.7. Some voters will waste their ballots because .[A] they like neither candidate [B] they are all ill-informed[C] the candidates do not differ much [D] they do not want to vote twiceQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.8. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?[A] Canada. [B] The US. [C] Australia. [D] Scandinavia.9. is in the 12th place in overall ranking.[A] Britain [B] France [C] Finland [D] Switzerland10. According to the UN report, the least developed country is .[A] Ethiopia [B] Mali [C] Sierra Leon [D] Central African RepublicIn this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AGout is the aristocrat of diseases. Ancient philosophers and physicians attributed it to high living, and it has often afflicted men of exceptional talent. Michelangelo suffered from gout, as did Galileo, Martin Luther, Samuel Johnson, Darwin, Sitting Bull, Theodore Roosevelt and, more recently, Cyrus Vance. Gout was called opprobrium medicorum — the physicians' shame — because so little could be done to treat it. Victims faced excruciating pain, severe crippling and often death from kidney failure. But modern medicine has turned the demon gout into amicus medicorum — the physicians' friend.The typical gout patient is a middle-aged man. Hobbling into the doctor's office, he complains of a severe throbbing pain in a joint. The disease usually strikes the foot, but it can also afflict the knee, ankle, elbow and hand. The spot is so sore, he says, that a bed sheet resting lightly on it, or even the wisp of a breeze, produces almost unbearable agony.One look at the red and swollen toe, hot and full of fluid, tells the physician that he is probably dealing with gout. To confirm the preliminary diagnosis, the doctor draws a sample of fluid from the inflamed spot. Using a microscope, he searches for thin crystals of uric acid, a natural by-product of metabolism that rises to abnormal levels in gout sufferers.Rheumatologists have learned just how the uric-acid crystals create the painful symptoms of gout. A tiny urate crystal, explains New York University's Dr. Gerald Weissman, lodges in a white blood cell near the joint.Eventually, the cell ruptures and dies, releasing toxic enzymes that cause inflammation and searing pain.Relief: The first stage of treatment is to relieve the acute symptoms. Doctors used to prescribe colchicine, an extract of the autumn crocus whose medicinal value was first discovered by the ancient Greeks. But colchicines has unpleasant side effects, including diarrhea and vomiting. So today, most physicians favor indomethacin, a potent painkiller that also reduces swelling and inflammation. Relief from the pain begins almost immediately.The second phase of treatment is prevention. Gout patients are usually put on a lifelong course of daily medication. Small doses of colchicines are given for up to a year, followed by one of two newer drugs: probenicid, which increases the excretion of uric acid from the body, or allopurinol, which inhibits production of uric acid. With these medications, many patients never experience a second attack.The latest research has punctured some of the popular myths about gout. Examples:—Overeating. For centuries, gout was blamed on rich food, and patients were kept on a strict diet. Gluttony cannot cause the disease, but eating certain foods can bring on an attack. Uric acid is produced by the breakdown of substances called purines, which are concentrated in organ meats, sardines, anchovies, scallops and other delicacies. Happily, with proper drugs, the gout victim need not curb his appetite. Advises Dr. Gerald Rodnan of the University of Pittsburgh: "Be merry and take your medicine."— Drinking. Alcohol does block the kidneys' ability to excrete uric acid, but gout patients on medication may imbibe moderately without fear of an attack.—Talent. For mysterious reasons, gout seems to strike the eminent and successful in disproportionate numbers. Studies of soldiers and college students have demonstrated some correlation between high intelligence and high uric-acid levels. "The connection is beyond grandmothers' tales," says Weissman, "but a lot of trivial explanations are possible. Maybe bright people eat more meat or don't urinate as much."11. Today physicians view gout as .[A] a painful and often fatal disease[B] a serious but treatable condition[C] a disease brought on by rich food and too much drink[D] a condition affecting only certain types of people12. A doctor draws a quantity of fluid from a possible gout sufferer to .[A] relieve the swelling [B] check for white blood cells[C] relieve the pain [D] check for uric acid crystals13. To treat the acute symptoms of gout, Colchicine has now fallen out of favour with physicians because it.[A] fails to relieve pain [B] may cause the patient to feel sick[C] fails to relieve inflammation [D] may cause the patient to gain weight14. To prevent further attacks of gout a new drug called allopurinol has been developed which .[A] lessens the body's production of uric acid [B] causes the body to dispose of more uric acid[C] increases the body's production of uric acid [D] causes the body to dispose of less uric acid15. The connection between intelligence and uric acid levels .[A] is an old wives' tale [B] is now known to be a myth[C] has been shown in some studies [D] has been proved beyond all doubtTEXT BHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts andgeography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for "man". But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune- telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery —it wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group, and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent's largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own —unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. "Romanestan", said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."16. Gypsies are united only when they .[A] are engaged in traditional crafts [B] call themselves Roma[C] live under a clan system [D] face external threats17. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT .[A] the Egyptians [B] the state [C] the church [D] the Nazis18. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of.[A] language [B] culture [C] identity [D] customTEXT CI was just a boy when my father brought me to Harlem for the first time, almost 50 years ago. We stayed at the Hotel Theresa, a grand brick structure at 125th Street and Seventh Avenue. Once, in the hotel restaurant, my father pointed out Joe Louis. He even got Mr. Brown, the hotel manager, to introduce me to him, a bit paunchy but still the champ as far as I was concerned.Much has changed since then. Business and real estate are booming. Some say a new renaissance is under way. Others decry what they see as outside forces running roughshod over the old Harlem.New York meant Harlem to me, and as a young man I visited it whenever I could, But many of my old haunts are gone. The Theresa shut down in 1966. National chains that once ignored Harlem now anticipate yuppie money and want pieces of this prime Manhattan real estate. So here I am on a hot August afternoon, sitting in a Starbucks that two years ago opened a block away from the Theresa, snatching at memories between sips of high-priced coffee. I am about to open up a piece of the old Harlem — the New York Amsterdam News —when a tourist asking directions to Sylvia's, a prominent Harlem restaurant, penetrates my daydreaming. He's carrying a book: Touring Historic Harlem.History. I miss Mr. Michanx's bookstore, his House of Common Sense, which was across from the Theresa. He had a big billboard out front with brown and black faces painted on it that said in large letters: "World History Book Outlet on 2,000,000,000 Africans and Nonwhite Peoples". An ugly state office building has swallowed that space.I miss speaker like Carlos Cooks, who was always on the southwest comer of 125th and Seventh, urging listeners to support Africa. Harlem's powerful political electricity seems unplugged — although the streets are still energized, especially by West African immigrants.Hardworking southern newcomers formed the bulk of the community back in the 1920s and 30s, when Harlem renaissance artists, writers, and intellectuals gave it a glitter and renown that made it the capital of black America. From Harlem, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, Zora Neal Hurston, and others helped power America's cultural influence around the world.By the 1970s and 80s drugs and crime had ravaged parts of the community. And the life expectancy for men in Harlem was less than that of men in Bangladesh. Harlem had become a symbol of the dangers of inner- city life.Now, you want to shout "Lookin' good"! at this place that has been neglected for so long. Crowds push into Harlem USA, a new shopping centre on 125th, where a Disney store shares space with HMV Records, the New York Sports Club, and a nine-screen Magic Johnson theatre complex. Nearby, a Rite Aid drugstore also opened. Maybe part of the reason Harlem seems to be undergoing a rebirth is that it is finally getting what most people take for granted.Harlem is also part of an "empowerment zone" —a federal designation aimed at fostering economic growth that will bring over half a billion in federal, state, and local dollars. Just the shells of once elegant old brownstones now can cost several hundred thousand dollars. Rents are skyrocketing. An improved economy, tougher law enforcement, and community efforts against drugs have contributed to a 60 percent drop in crime since 1993.19. At the beginning the author seems to indicate that Harlem .[A] has remained unchanged all these years[B] has undergone drastic changes[C] has become the capital of Black America[D] has remained a symbol of dangers of inner-city life20. When the author recalls Harlem in the old days, he has a feeling of .[A] indifference [B] discomfort [C] delight [D] nostalgia21. Harlem was called the capital of Black America in the 1920s and 30s mainly because of its .[A] art and culture [B] immigrant population[C] political enthusiasm [D] distinctive architecture22. From the passage we can infer that, generally speaking, the author .[A] has strong reservations about the changes [B] has slight reservations about the changes[C] welcomes the changes in Harlem [D] is completely opposed to the changesTEXT DThe senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contact. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and clubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in acar wreck.He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere—Harvard".An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was $76,000 and the lowest was $68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snorting. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to $23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.Lamar Quill was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to burn. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figur e income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand- dollar- a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the partners, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Lamar buttoned his top button and opened the door.23. Which of the following is NOT the firm's recruitment requirement?[A] Marriage. [B] Background. [C] Relevant degree. [D] Male.24. The details of the private investigation show that the firm .[A] was interested in his family background[B] intended to check out his other job offers[C] wanted to know something about his preference[D] was interested in any personal detail of the man25. According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was that .[A] his image could help impress McDereer [B] he would soon become a partner himself[C] he was good at interviewing applicants [D] his background was similar to McDereer's26. We get the impression from the passage that in job recruitment the firm was NOT .[A] selective [B] secretive [C] perfunctory [D] racially biasedTEXT EHarry Truman didn't think his successor had the right training to be president. "Poor Ike—it won't be a bit like the Army", he said. "He'll sit there all day saying 'do this, do that,' and nothing will happen".Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious alliance—you didn't tell Winston Churchill what to do—in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Truman's insight could well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure: the CEO-turned cabinet secretary.A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, so watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul O'Neill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent andwell-informed, foundering in their jobs.Actually, we shouldn't be surprised. Rumsfeld and O'Neill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unre- lieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government.Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer the CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think he's in charge of his agency. But the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study "Presidential Power and the Modem Presidents," Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is "the power to persuade."Take Rumsfeld's attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. It's innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the idea is collapsing.Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, O'Neill's position as Treasury secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president.O'Neill has been publicly critical of the IMF's bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a result, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the marketsare rattled by his skepticism.Perhaps the government doesn't do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you can't just quit. Jack Welch's famous law for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isn't doing a particular job at peak level, doesn't always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot of money. But it can't get out of the national-security business.The key to former Treasury secretary Rubin's success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, "necessarily and properly very different". In a recent speech he explained, "Business functions around one predominate organizing principle, profitabilit y ... Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives— for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity."Rubin's example shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it as its own separate, serious endeavour. But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery, it's difficult for a CEO to believe he needs to listen and learn, particularly from those despised and poorly paid specimens, politicians, bureaucrats and the media. And even if he knows it intellectually, he just can't live with it.27. For a CEO to be successful in government, he has to .[A] regard the president as the CEO[B] take absolute control of his department[C] exercise more power than the congressional committee[D] become acquainted with its power structure28. In commenting on O'Neill's record as Treasury Secretary, the passage seems to indicate that .[A] O'Neill has failed to use his power well[B] O'Neill's policies were well received[C] O'Neill has been consistent in his policies[D] O'Neill is uncertain about the package he's approved29. According to the passage, the differences between government and business lie in the following areasEXCEPT .[A] nature of activity [B] option of withdrawal[C] legitimacy of activity [D] power distribution30. The author seems to suggest that CEO-turned government officials .[A] are able to fit into their new roles[B] are unlikely to adapt to their new roles[C] can respond to new situations intelligently[D] may feel uncertain in their new postsThere are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31. is not a nationally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Thanksgiving Day [D] Independence Day32. The university of Dublin was not founded until .[A] the 19th century [B] the 18th century [C] the 17th century [D] the 16th century33. The introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Conservative Party34. Irish culture experienced a golden age from to .[A] the eighth century, the eleventh century [B] the seventh century, the ninth century[C] the sixth century, the eighth century [D] the fifth centur y, the seventh century35. Which of the following writings is not the work by Charles Dickens?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36. is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the modernistic period.[A] Sinclair Lewis [B] Eugene O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tennessee Williams37. is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemingway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulkner [D] Ezra Pound38. is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms ofcertain categories.[A] Concord [B] Immediate constituent[C] Syntagmatic relations [D] Government39. studies the sound systems in a certain language.[A] Phonetics [B] Phonology [C] Semantics [D] Pragmatics40. A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group ofspeakers is called .[A] situational dialect [B] slang [C] linguistic taboo [D] bilingualismProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

2003年12月专八口译考题与答案第一篇：2003年12月专八口译考题与答案TASK ONE Interpreting From English into ChineseAddress at the Fifth Anniversary Celebration of the Founding ofNature Magazine Ladies and gentlemen: It’s with great pleasure that I welcome you here today to the fifth anniversary celebration of the founding of the magazine Nature.Never could we have imagined five years ago that we would have come so far in so short a time.But here we are at the end of year five, and what a fantastic year it has been.Let me review our achievements in these five years.（1）We have published some very impressive articles, each month somehow surpassing the quality and depth of the previous month’s edition.我们出版了一些令人印象深刻的文章，而且每个月与前一个月相比，在文章的质量和深度方面都有所超越。

（2）Our creative and talented staff won five writing awards and seven photographic awards.This year some 119,000 people subscribed to our magazine.我们的富有创造力和充满智慧的员工获得了，五个写作奖和七个摄影奖。

TASK ONE Interpreting From English into ChineseThe Speech by a World Bank Official at the 2002Western China International Economy and Trade Fair2002年世界银行官员在中国西部国际经贸会上的讲话Governor Zhang, distinguished gests, ladies and gentlemen:张省长，尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：I am delighted to be here this morning to open the Western china International Economy and Trade Fair. I would like to thank the People’s government of Sichuan for inviting us to attend this important event where government leaders from Beijing and twelve other provinces meet to discuss strategies for developing China’s Western Region. This event reflects the strong commitment of the Government and the people of China to develop the Western Region. I am very impressed with the enthusiasm and determination demonstrated not only by the public sectors, but also by the private sectors in supporting the western development goals set forth by the Government.今天早晨我非常荣幸参加西部国际经贸会的开幕式。