专业英语部分习题答案参考

专业英语（城市轨道）习题一、单项选择题1. My mother brought ____________last week. (A)A. me a shirtB. a shirt meC. me shirt D ought to2. ____________I was born, my mother had my elder brother. (B)A. WhenB. BeforeC. After D we go3. 236 is ____________. (A)A. two hundred and thirty-sixB. two hundreds and thirty-sixC. two hundred thirty-six D) It was the 1960’s4. If you____________hard, you ____________the exam. (C)A. will work, will passB. work, passC. work, will pass D will work ,pass5. ____________be afraid of making mistakes! (A)A. Don’tB. Can’tC. Mustn’t D mayn’t6. If you want ________ you have to get the fund somewhere.(B)A) that the job is done B) the job done C) to have done the job D) the job that is don7. There is more land in Australia than the government knows ________.(A)A) what to do with B) how to do C) to do with it D) to do it8. It’s no use ________ me not to worry.(B)A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told9. I have two boys but ________ of them likes sweets.(B)A) both B) neither C) either D) none10. Only by shouting at the top of his voice ________.(D)A) was he able to make himself hear B) he was able to make himself hearC) he was able to make himself heard D) was he able to make himself heard11. ________ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.(B)A) To be given B) Having been given C) Having given D) Giving12. If it ________ too much tro uble, I’d love a cup of tea.(A)A) isn’t B) wasn’t C) weren’t D) hadn’t been13. My sister’s professor had her ________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.(C)A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting14. silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ________ it closely.(B)A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed15. They are considering ________ before the prices go up.(D)A) of buying the house B) with buying the houseC) buying the house D) to buy the house16. She was glad that her success would ________ for the women who would follow.(A)A) make things easier B) make it easier C) be easier D) be easier to make17. They will have it finished in ________.(D)A) three quarter of an hour time B) three quarters of an hour timeC) three quarter of an hour’s time D) three quarters of an hour’s time18. A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ________ into dozens of languages in the last decade.(C)A) to have been translated B) to translateC) to be translated D) to have translated19. He went ahead ________ all warnings about the danger of his mission.(C)A) in case of B) because of C) regardless of D) prior to20. We object ________ puni shing a whole group for one person’s fault.(C)A) against B) about C) to D) or21. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; ________; I can’t speak too highly of him.(B)A) as a result B) in a word C) by the way D) on the contrary22. The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been ________ filled in.(D)A) consequently B) regularly C) comprehensively D) properly23. I shall have companion in the house after all these ________ years.(D)A) single B) sole C) alone D) lonely24. After a long and exhausting journey, they arrived ________.(B)A) till the last B) at last C) by the end D) at the end25. None of the servants were ________ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.(A)A) available B) attainable C) approachable D) applicable26. I can’t ________ what that object is.(C)A) make up B) make over C) make out D) make for27. I want to buy a new tie to ________ this brown suit.(C)A) go into B) go after C) go with D) go by28. The newest satellite can ________ a thousand telephone conversations and a color TV program at the same time.(A)A) carry B) extend C) bring D) take29. I can ________ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand loud nois es.(C)A) come up with B) catch up with C) put up with D) keep up with30. When the whole area was ________ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter.(D)A) cut away B) cut down C) cut up D) cut off31. The bridge was named ________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.(A)A) after B) with C) by D) from32. There were no tickets ________ for Friday’s performance.(D)A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available33. It wasn’t su ch a good dinner ________ she had promised us.(C)A) that B) which C) as D) what34. They decided to chase the cow away ________ it did more damage.(C)A) unless B) until C) before D) although35. ________ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.(B)A) Each B) Any C) Either D) One36. All ________ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.(D)A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed37. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.(A)A) When compared B) Compare C) While comparing D) Comparing38. ________ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.(C)A) That was from Stephen B) It was Stephen whomC) It was from Stephen that D) It was Stephen that39. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ________.(D)A) suit B) set C) one D) pair40. Many new ________ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.(A)A) opportunities B) necessities C) realities D) probabilities41. He must have had an accident, or he ________ then.(A)A) would have been here B) had to be hereC) should be here D) would be here42. It was essential that the application forms ________ back before the deadline.(C)A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent43. We ________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.(D)A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had44. The rain was heavy and ________ the land was flooded.(A)A) consequently B) continuously C) constantly D) consistently45. The children went there to watch the iron tower ________.(C)A) to erect B) be erected C) erecting D) being erected46. The engine ________ smoke and steam.(D)A) gives up B) gives in C) gives away D) gives off47. The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on.(C)A) to be informed B) on informing C) informed D) informing48. Don’t ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.(A)A) release B) relieve C) relate D) retain49. She never laughed, ________ lost her temper.(B)A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did50. The goals ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.(B)A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which51. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ________ in a quiet neighborhood.(B)A) all in all B) above all C) after all D) over all52. ________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.(B)A) For now B) Now that C) Ever since D) By now53. What you have d one is ________ the doctor’s orders.(D)A) attached to B) responsible to C) resistant to D) contrary to54. John regretted ________ to the meeting last week.(A)A) not going B) not to go C) not having been going D) not to be going55. They ________ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.(C)A) carried out B) carried off C) carried on D) carried forward56. Mrs. Brown is supposed ________ for Italy last week.(A)A) to have left B) to be leaving C) to leave D) to have been left57. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.(B)A) treated B) adjusted C) adopted D) remedied58. A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.(C)A) wording out B) having worded outC) having been worded out D) to have been worded out59. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ________.(C)A) hurt B) damaged C) spoiled D) harmed60. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ________ over his business to his son.(B)A) take B) hand C) think D) get61.Mary couldn’t make herself _______ attention to because her classmates made so much noise. （A）A. paidB. to payC. payD. paying62.Was it through Mary , ____ was working at a high school , _____ you get to know Tom ? （C）A. who, whoB. that, whichC. who, thatD. who, which63.Every minute is made full use of _______ our lessons. （B）A. studyingB. to studyC. studyD. being studied64.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.（A）A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing65. —Would you like _______ , sir? —No, thanks. I have had much. （C）A．some more oranges B．any more oranges C．some more orange D．any more orange66.He suggested the person referred _______ put into prison.（C）A. isB. beC. to beD. should be67.—Well. I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast. —_____________. （A）A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it does68.“Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”（B）A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody69.“I think the teacher is wrong, _____?” “No, I don't think so.”（A）A. don't youB. don't IC. doesn't heD. doesn't she70.Don't you know _____, my dear friend, it is you that she loves? （C）A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what71. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _____ it was the best time for it. （B）A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until72.If the weather is fine, we'll go. If _____, _____.（A）A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not73.--- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? （C）--- ____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be getting74.She's too thin. She ____ gain some weight but she _____ too little.（C）A. would, ateB. will, eatsC. would, eatsD. will, ate75. — What should I do with this passage? —_____ the main idea of each paragraph.（C）A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out76.She can't help _____ the house because she's busy making a cake. （A）A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned77. The prize of the game show is ＄30,000 and an all expenses __________ vacation to China. （B）A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid78.I'm examining the composition he has just finished ____ the possible mistakes in it. （B）A. correctingB. to correctC. correctedD. correct79.He ________ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. （D）A. has learnedB. would have learnedC. learnedD. had learned80.The judge paid no attention to _____ he had just lost his wife.（B）A. thatB. whichC. whatD. the fact that81. ____ a broken chair , the room is empty. （B）A. ExceptB. Except forC. Except thatD. Besides82. — What should I do with this passage? —_____ the main idea of each paragraph. （C）A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out83.The wonderful time they had been looking forward ____ at last. (B)A. to arriveB. to arrivedC. to arrivingD. should arrive84. --- What do you think made Mary so upset ? (C) --- ____ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing.85.He wrote a lot of novels, none of _____ translated into a foreign language. （A）A. themB. which C . it D. what86.Mr. Smith is a painter, _____ I should also like to be.（B）A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it87. As soon as he comes back, I’ll te ll him when _______ and see him. （A）A. you will comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. do you come88..I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ____. （A）A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing89.After ____ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.（C）A. whichB. itC. whatD.that90.He was so angry at all _____ she was doing _____ he walked out. （B）A. what, thatB. that, thatC. that, whichD. what, as二、多选题(B.D) 1. In this factory, ________often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.A. admittedB. suggestionsC.absorbedD.considered(B.C) 2. The boy ________ out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.A. commandB. slippedC. consentD. compromise(A.B) 3.Our_____ has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.A. powerfulB. research lC. monstrousD. vigorous(B.D) 4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ 、_____the woods off the highway.A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. in(B.C) 5. Henry's news report _____ the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.A. understandingB. covering C .comprehensive D. understandable(A.D) 6. She was _____that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _____ to Scotland.A. afraidB. placeC. seatD. connection(B.C) 7. The ship was _____ in a storm _____ Jamaica.A. drownedB. offC. wreckedD. submitted(B.D) 8. No one has _____ been able to trace the _____ of the poem.A. stillB. yetC. alreadyD. author(A.B) 9. _____than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.A. MoreB. predominantly C practically D. permanently(A.C)10. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report only in a few pages but _____all the details. A. concise B. clear C. with D. elaborate(C.D)11. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, _____it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. chargeC. blameD. although(C.D)12. The worker agreed to _____ 、________the strike if the company would satisfy their .A. call forB. call forthC. call offD. demands(B.D)13. I could just see a car in the ________, but I couldn't _____ what color it was.A. look outB. make outC. get acrossD. distance(A.D)14. He ha ________his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.A. impressedB. yetC. finallyD. accordingly(B.D)15. It was a great _____ for him to be ________to people he didn't like.A. attemptB. pleasantC. powerD. effort(A.D)16. The firemen managed to _____ the fire ________time.A. extinguishB. preventC. suppressD. in(A.B)17. What is most ________in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard _____ common.A. obviousB. anything butC. above allD. rather than(C.D)18. The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously ________.A. broken offB. taken offC. written offD. injured(B.D)19. On this happy occasion, I'd like to say that we are _____ much ________ to you for your kind cooperation.A. even soB. ever soC. as yetD. obliged(B.D)20. His new appointment takes _____ from the of next month.A. placeB. effectC. postD. obliged、(B.C)21. The policeman stopped him ________he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.A. chargedB. accusedC. whenD. deprived(B.D)22. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the ________.A. attainedB. subjectC. requiredD. acquired(A.D) 23. This is the _____ piano on which the ________created some of his greatest works.A. actualB. genuineC. realD. composer(C.D)24. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny ________.A. treatedB. adoptedC. adjustedD. conditions(B.D)25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of ________.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. maturity（ABCD）26. CAMEL Rating System includes：A、Capital adequacyB、Asset qualityC、Management abilityD、Earning performance（ABCD）27. What are the several steps of Savings deposits?A, open an account B、deposit money C、withdraw money D、Account Closing（ABCD ）28. Bank's internal audit departments periodically review the rating system and its banking operations, the prosecution trial included____.A、Operation of the credit sector.B、Probability of default.C、LGD(loss given default).D、Default risk exposure.（BC）29. The typical measures of internal control included:A. risk identifiedB. behavior controlC. assessment and authorizationD. Information Exchange( BCD )30 The followings can be classified as off-balance sheet business are:A. DepositsB. Trust ConsultingC.L/CD. Agency(ABC)31. The Basel Capital Accord (Basel I) is made up of three elements, they are:A. a definition of regulatory capitalB. risk-weighted assetsC. credit conversion factors (CCFs)D. internal control and audit(ABCD)32. The risk exposure and assessment disclosures relate toA. credit riskB. market riskC. operational riskD. interest rate risk in the banking book（ABCD）33. Strong mobility management, including key factors：A. Good management information systemB. Control of the Central LiquidityC. Options of the net funding requirementsD. Diversification of financing sources, and contingency plans(ABCD)34. Which of the followings are the products of corporate debtsA .revolving liquidity loan B. trade financing loanC. corporate account overdraftD. syndicated loan（AD）35. The methods of issuing financial bonds include:A. through market distributionB. through agreementC. through lead commercial bank underwritingD. through directional distribution(BCD)36. The main causes that would lead to internal control failure includeA、poor external supervision and regulation;B、lack of internal supervision;C、disordered control structure;D、neglecting the risks of new business.（ABD）37. Which three major risks of the following are the Chinese banking institute facing at present time? (multiple choices)A. credit riskB. market riskC. legal riskD. operation risk（AB）38. Quantitative and consolidated supervision concludesA. the supervision of inside transactionB. capital supervisionC. the supervision of interest conflictsD. the supervision of financial safety nets free-rider(BCD)39. Component Risk Assessment contains:A. reportB. Inherent RiskC. Risk ControlD. Risk in Future(ABC)40. What are the approaches for measuring the operation risk proposed by the Basel II:A. Basic indicator approachB. Standardized approachC. Advanced measurement approachD. Internal Rating Approach（A B C）41. Loan guarantees includesA、Mortgage；B、Pledge；C、guarantee；D、letter of comfort（ABCD）42. Which kind of loan below belongs to the category of corporate loans?A、Working Capital Circular LoansB、Trade Financing loansC、Corporate Account OverdraftD、Syndicated Loans三．判断题1、American food is tasteless and innutritious.（Ｘ）2、Hatred is the very feeling the author has about what science has done to food. （Ｘ）3、Old-fashioned cheeses can no longer be bought anywhere in the United States. （Ｘ）4、What the author calls “cheeses foods” used to be hand-made in small factories. （Ｘ）5、The author says it is a scientific discovery that the largest number of people will buy a less-tasty cheese if that is all they can get. （Ｘ）6、The author thinks it wrong to cut costs by mass-producing “standardized” cheese.(√)7、Men are not snobbish almost about everything. （Ｘ）8、There is no snobbery about any disfiguring or mortal disease. （Ｘ）9、Keats died young of tuberclosis. (√)10、It is clear that all snobberies are mentioned in this essay. （Ｘ）11、Literary men have no desire to seek publicity. （Ｘ）12、The author finds the present level of taxation justifiable（Ｘ）13、Modern men also have primitive impulse. (√)14、The love of power is not always a bad motive. (√)15、The author hates frozen foods in spite of their seeming advantages. (√)16、The capital ratios expected to be maintained by all banks are 4% for Tier 1 and 8% for Total capital. （Ｘ）17、In all G-10 countries, the minimum ratios for Tier 1 and Total capital are 6% and 10%, respectively. （Ｘ）18、The Basel I minimum Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital ratios are each 4%. （Ｘ）19、The Basel I minimum Tier 1 ratio is 4% and the minimum Total capital ratio is 8%. (√)20、According to the corporation law, the company structure includes the shareholders, the board of directors and the supervisory board. （Ｘ）21、 A general definition of Related-party transactions is transactions between banks and related parties, especially loan business. (√)22、Operating profit、Total profit and net profit are three different indicators of profit (√)23、Generally loans are classified as Standard, Special mention, Substandard, Doubtful。

第一章⚫Section1习题答案一.Choose the best answer into the blank1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B二.Answer the following questions according to the text1.No. The current need not be a constant-valued function because charge can vary with2.Time.2.The current increases when the time rate of charges is greater.3.The uab=-1V can be interpreted in two ways:①point b is 1 V higher than point a;②the Potential at point a with respect to point b is -1V.4.w=∫pdt5.Because by the passive sign convention,current enters through the positive polarity ofThe voltage,p=ui>0 implies that the element is absorbing power and p=ui<0 impliesThat the element is releasing or supplying power.⚫Section2习题答案一.Choose the best answer into the blank1.B2.A3.B4.C5.B二.Answer the following questions according to the text1.The difference between an independent source and a dependent source is: the source2.Quantity of a dependent source is controlled by another voltage or current,but the source Quantity of an independent source maintains a specified value.3.An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or4.Current that is completely independent of other circuit variables.3.No.The current through an independent voltage source can be calculated by the4.External circuit.4.A voltage-controlled voltage source(VCVS),A current-controlled voltage source (CCVS),A voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), A current-controlled current source (CCCS)5.No,it isn’t.三.Translate the following into Chinese（译文）在随后内容中提及的所有简单电路元件，根据通过它的电流和其两端电压之间的关系进行分类。

计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;1. user3. data4. keyboard5. data processingjLBHrnAILg6. information [Ex 4] instructions7. computer8. memory 3. manipulates 4.1. input device2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function6. code7. hard copy[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT 技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their1 / 30presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.LDAYtRyKfEThese processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.Zzz6ZB2Ltk 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600 系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。

《计算机专业英语》习题参考答案Lesson 1I.1. Operating System2. Fetch-evaluate-execute3. Front-side bus4. Dual-core processor5. Basic Input/Output System(BIOS)II.1. 指令是特定各式的二进制数列，它们对于每台机器都是唯一的。

2. CPU是中央处理单元的简称，每个字母分开发音。

3. 大多数计算在中央处理器中进行。

4. 双核是指一个处理器上有两个完整运算内核的CPU。

5. 处理器：是微处理器或CPU的缩写。

6. 集成电路：即芯片，是由半导体材料制成的一种电子设备。

III.1. F2. T3. TIV.1.ALU, CU, Register2.memory3.processor4.the CPULesson 2I.1.Static Random Access Memory(SRAM)2.Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM)3.Virtual Memory4.Physical Memory5.Level 1 Cache6.Level 2 Cache7.HDD access speedII.1.动态随机存储器之所以称为“动态”是因为它每秒钟被刷新数千次。

2.RAM：是计算机中存储操作系统、应用程序和当前正是用数据的地方。

3.ROM由计算机中一小块长寿命电池供电。

4.RAM缓存是由高速静态随机存储器构成的存储器。

III.1. F2. F3. F4. TIV.1. non-volatile2. compiler3. volatile4. DRAMLesson 3I.1. Motherboard2. PC Case3. Hard Disk Drive(HDD)4. Optical mouse5. RAM6. Mobile DiskII.1.PC是有很多组件构成的一个系统。

习题+答案2.1Write T or F to each statementT6. An asynchronous device is a clocked device.T7. A latch is an asynchronous device, because it functions at arbitrary times.T8. The repetition of clock pulse can vary from very low rate to very high rate.T9. A synchronous device changes its state only on the arrival of a clock pulse.F10. A clock input may occur at any time.T11. The clock pulses are used to synchronize all operations of the shift register.T13. A unidirectional shift register is capable of shifting in one direction only.F14. In a shift-left register the serial input determines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift register.F15. To provide parallel transfer capability some additional input and output lines should be provided to the shift register.Choose the best answer for each of the following1. How can the output of a logic gate be energized?CA By changing its inputs.B By remaining its inputs unchanged.C By meeting the specific input condition.D By giving a pulse.3. A NAND gate consists of D .A an OR gate followed by an inverterB an AND gate followed by an inverterC an AND gate followed by an OR gateD an inverter followed by an AND gate4. Under what condition is the output of a two-input XOR gate logic-high?BA Its inputs are simultaneously at the same logic level.B Its inputs are simultaneously at opposite logic levels.C Its inputs are logic-low.D its inputs are simultaneously logic-high.2.2Write T or F for each statementT 1. The CPU uses the input and output units to communicate with the outside world.F2. Main memory is sometimes called external memory.F3. After execution the program and the related files of data and files of information will be retained in the main memory for later use.F4. Personal computers have not the features of the larger system..T5. Large systems offer higher processing speeds for user and return more data than PCs. F6. CPUs all size have primary storage, arithmetic logic, and the control section.F7. The output device is the heart of any computer system.T8. The input/output devices and auxiliary storage units of a computer system are called peripherals.F9. The instrument of interpretation and communication between humans and computers system of all sizes is CPU.F10 Special purpose computers can adapted to many situation by giving them an appropriate program.F11 .A minicomputer is the smallest and least expensive type of computer.T12. A special purpose computer performs only one specific task and thus lacks versatility. T13. The larger the system the greater is its processing speed, storage capacity.T14. Mainframe computers are designed to process complex scientific application.T 9. The main memory in a general-purpose computer is made up of RAM integratedcircuit chip.\F 10. When the power is turned on, the program counter is set the first address of thebootstrap loader by the software of the computer.T 11. The read-write heads contact the surface of the floppy disks.T 12. The data on a particular track will be switched automatically onto a spare track by the computer before a catastrophic failure would occur.F 14. The read write heads stay on the same track continuously when the disk drive isWorkingF 16. The possible symbols in the binary numbering system are q to 9.F 17. The decimal value of 16 is represented in 4 bits BCD as 00010101.F 18. Alphanumeric versions of BCD commonly use 6,7or 8 bits to represent characters.F 19. A 6 bit alphanumeric code can represent 128 different characters.F 22. Eight bit codes are limited to representing 128 different characters.T23. An extra check (or parity ) bit is often added to each 6, 7, or 8 bit character represented in storage so that it will be possible to detect coding errors that may occur.T24. If a computer uses an odd parity format to detect errors in character codes, thenevery valid character code will always have an odd number of 1 bits.T25. Processor comes with a unique set of operations called an instruction set.F 26. In an instruction, operands specify the function to be performed.T 27. A processor's job is to retrieve instruction from memory and perform step bystep operations,3.3 True or FalseF1 All operating systems on various computers take the same size.F 2 All operating systems were written in a low level language.T3 The user can't use the computers at all if there is no operating system on the computers.F4 The operating system exists in the lowest layer of a computer.T5 The system calls are provided by the operating system.T 6 A computer's operational software defines the schedule of jobs awaiting execution.F7 Though an operating system can schedule the execution of jobs, it does not manage the availability of I/O devices.T 8 The IOCS component of an operating system controls I/O operations.T9 It is a major problem for the operating system to map the logical file concept onto physical storage devices such as magnetic tape or disk.F10 Files can only be direct access on a disk system.T 11 The logic structure and nomenclature of the different operating systems vary considerable.F12 The form of the system prompt is the same for every kind of operating system 13 You must boot the system, before you use a microcomputer.T14 Spooling is an approach to improving system performance by over aping the input of one job with the output of other jobs.T15 Multiprogramming allows time sharing.T1 6 When they first appeared, the microcomputers were provided with the operating system developed for computers.T17 By using the graphical user interface, what the users need to do is to "point and click" in order to accomplish their tasks.T18 The interface introduced by Windows is the object-oriented user interface.T 19.TMicrosoft failed in betting their future on Windows.Multiple Choice1 A computer's operating system is:Da resource managementb error recoveryc memory managementd all the above2 Which is the generalization of a two-level directory?Da cycle graph directory structureb a tree-structuredc batch systemd all the above3 Which system may have no time constrains?Ca real-time systemb time-share systemc batch systemd all the above4 The more popular micro operating system is:Da MS-DOSb CP/Mc UNIXd all the above5 What languages can be used to develop the operating systems ?Ca A machine language,b An assembly language.c A high level language,d all of the above.6 How does the operating system manage the resources of the computer?a It turns on or off the resources of the computer.b It makes them work together towards some common goals, or objectives.c It controls the way in which these resources are put to work.d It acts directly on the raw hardware.7 The function of an operating system is Da to drive the the raw hardware of the computerb to drive the resources of the computer in accordance with certain objectivesc to provide the higher layers of software with a simplified computerd all of the above11 The graphical user interface provides the users withA a simpler way to interact with their computersB a series of typed commandsC an intuitive sit of graphical icons that allowed the completion of common tasksD an intuitive set of graphical incons for users to "point and click" in order toaccomplish their tasks, so that they didn't have to remember arcane words andcommands anymore12 Windows resemble the Macintosh inA providing a GUI which is introduced by MacintoshB providing a limited means of multitaskingC providing a Windows interface just like the GUID allowing users to load multiple programs and have them run in thebackground while doing other work in a window in the foreground3.4 True or FalseF1 Flowcharting is used primarily for program design and rarely for systems design.T2 When programming in a procedure-oriented language, you should tell the computer'‘what to do' and 'how to do it'.T3 Assembler-level languages use mnemonics to represent instructions.T4 Machine language instructions are composed of a label, an opcode, and an operand.F5 Machine languages must be converted by a compiler to be used by the computer.F6 High-level languages require that programmers work with individual main storage locations.. 5T7 A compiler is translating program that converts high-level languages into machine language.T9 A flowchart loop indicates the repetitive performance of steeps to process data.T10 None of the computers consists of hardware only.F11 Programs written in high-level language can be executed by the computers without the help of a translator program~T13 Each symbolic instruction has one-to-one correspondence with the machine instruction.T14 Writing a program in a high-level language need not take account of the hardwareof the computer.T 15 The opode of an assembly language instruction specifies the operation that is to beperformed by the microprocessor.T 17 The mnemonic for the instruction is the symbolic representation of the actual binary code that the computer directly executes.T 18 A label is on the left of the assembly language statement.T 21 To enable the computer to solve an application problem programmers have to write programs in order to translate the application concepts into computerconcepts.T 22 A class is defined by grouping a user-defined type with all procedures and function that can be applied to it.T 23 The artificial intelligence research community did not agree with the concepts of object-oriented programming when in its early days.F24 Object-oriented programming languages are absolutely different from the LISP programming language.T 25 A program may produce incorrect output even if it runs OK.T 26 An error will occur if a program wants to use a deleted file.F 27 All the errors can be avoided.T 28 A warning will not terminate the program.T 29 Although we could not avoid all the runtime errors, we must take appropriate action when it happens.Match the following terms to the appropriate definition1 program2 programmer3 machine language4 assembler5 source6 object7 interpreter8 compilerA A computer program that translates an instruction into machine language, execute it, and then repeats the process for each instruction in a program until the program is finished.7B The set of statements that make up a computer program.5C A computer program that reads a high-level language instruction.8D A computer-specific set of primitive or elementary instructions that allows people to communicate with a particular computer.3E A set of instruction that tells a computer what to do.1F A program that translates an assembly-level language into machine language4.G Output from a compiler or assembler that is linked with other code to produce executable machine language code.6H A person who creates computer program.23.5True or falseT1 The program specifications are written by the software engineers.F2 Coding a program will consume most of programmer's time and effort.T 3 Programmers should use flowchart and other visual aids when they are designing routines.F4 The goal of the test phase of program development is to "prove" that a particular program has been completely debugged.T 5 More programmers maintain programs rather than code programs.T 6 A structured program is made up of several modules.T 7 "Branching" capability is one the most intriguing properties of a digital computer.。

英语写作及答案I. Supply the missing paragraph(10 points)The following passage is incomplete with on body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill”and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.”In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well”and “wellness”only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health._______________________________________________________________________________People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.II. Write an outline(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it.For a Better Understanding Between Parent and ChildNowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child. Modern society has been changing greatly so much so that even the relations between parent and child have become much different from several decades ago. Far less do they communicate each other but they always complain and quarrel instead. As it is, generation gap has become quite a spreading social problem. As for the problem, various possible reasons may be found. Because of either economic necessity or strong determination for personal fulfillment, or both, neither father nor mother has any time to stay together with their children. On the other hand, teenagers eagerly feel the need for freedom away from their parents to explore their emerging identity as a young adult- to develop his own interests or to perfect his favorite skills, which their parents may not prefer. Hence, the parents must suffer the loss of their unruly little boy or girl, incapable of keeping their child to remain in the safe and familiar routines of early childhood or to do what they demand. Eventually, either parent or child becomes unsatisfied, no patient with each other and would not like to find any chance to understand the other.If this situation is to be navigated successfully, there are really some suggestions both forparent and child to follow. For parents, by recalling their own childhood experiences, they could understand and then try to help their own children whenever needed. They should also trust that only in very short time will the child emerge from the uncertainty of being a teenager and display the mature, adult character to forgive their parents for the sake of their hard work.. Bothe sides striving for a better understanding, it is no doubt that their relations will be improved quickly.III Sentence transformation (15 points)Transform the following sentences into better ones without changing their meanings. The outline of each sentence is given. Please fill in each blank with only one word（每空仅限填一词）1 .My favorite sport is swimming.→There is no sport I enjoy________ ________swimming.2 Perseverance is the most important in achieving success.→________is more important than perseverance in achieving success.3 Pollution is very harmful to environment as illness is harmful to health.→Pollution is to environment________illness is to health.4 China will never be the first country to use nuclear weapons.→Under________ ________will China be the first country to use nuclear weapons5 Opportunities are unprecedented for those who understand the cell and the pixel.→It is a world ________ opportunities have never ________ ________ for those who understand the cell and the pixel.6 I want to thank students, faculty, alumni and staff and I have been privileged to work with them over these past years.→I want to thank students, faculty, alumni and staff ________ ________ I have been privileged to work over these past years.7 At such a moment, we tend to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction. →At such a moment, there is ________ to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction.8 The decade ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should give us direction.→The decade ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should ________our course.9 We cannot deny the fact that the Palestinian people -- Muslims and Christians -- have suffered in pursuit of a homeland.→It is ________ that the Palestinian people -- Muslims and Christians -- have suffered in pursuit of a homeland.10 So let there be no doubt:The Palestinian people cannot stand the situation .→So let there be no doubt:The situation for the Palestinian people is ________.IV Compose an essay (55 points)The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence注：考试结束后，只交答题纸I. Supply the missing paragraph(10 points)The following passage is incomplete with on body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________II. Write an outline(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it.I. ____________________________________A. _________________________________________________B. __________________________________a. _______________________b. _______________________C. __________________________________a. _______________________b. _______________________II. ___________________________________a. ________________________b._________________________III. Conclusionboth side should try to understand each otherIII Sentence transformation (15 points)Transform the following sentences into better ones without changing their meanings. The outline of each sentence is given. Please fill in each blank with only one word（每空仅限填一词）1 ________ ________.2 ________. 3________.4________ ________. 5 ________ ________ ________. 6________ ________.7 ________. 8 ________. 9 ________. 10 ________.IV Compose an essay (55 points)The Advantages and Disadvantages of Young People's Early Independence《英语写作》模拟试题答案I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)As we know, food is one of the existential elements for human, and we cannot live without food. But as the living condition has been improved, it seems that most of us are become strict to what we eat - we are likely to choose those we like, to others we shall resist. While, according to the nutritionists' point of view, we need many kinds of food to keep us in healthy condition. It is all right that we may have our particular flavor, but we must keep in mind that we also need other kinds of food to keep us in balance. Those who can have a healthy body are those who know how to eat, and what to eat.II. Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it. (20 points)I. General introduction and explanationA. Problems of lack of understanding between parent and child.B. Reasons for this situationa. economic necessityb. strong determination for personal fulfillmentC. satisfaction between each othera. parents' feelingb. children's feelingII. Suggestions to solve the problems.a. parents- help and trustb. children- their parents' hard-workIII. ConclusionIII. Composition (60 points)Dissatisfaction leads to progressThis article reminds me of a well-known story about a frog. The frog is put on the cool water at first, and then the water is boiled steadily, the frog cannot sense it till it died. I think this story put the fact to us very clearly: people likely become insensitive to the seeming comfortable environment; they enjoy it and never think of improving themselves, so when the dangers come it may be too late for them to do something about it.In contrary, those people who are dissatisfactory sometimes can leads progress. Especially in today’s fast growing world, if you don’t move, then you fall behind. Many facts can approve this, from the changes of social system to our own situations. The change of social system was due to people’s dissatisfaction of the former one, and the set up of the new on was certainly a great progress in human history. As for ourselves, we may go on study even after we have graduated from school, change job frequently, and so on. These are due to our desire to improve our current situations and to seek a better life.However, if you are not content with what you have at present and do nothing but complain, you cannot make progress, because only those who not just have a desire to improve but also adapt measures can succeed. So, if you are dissatisfactory, don’t stand still, take action, your future should be better欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求。

大学专业用途英语课后习题答案1. You'd better ( ) a copy of the whole article for yourself. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. makingC. to makeD. made2. He is very strict. It is no use ( ) yourself to him. [单选题] *A. explainedB. to explainC. explaining(正确答案)D. explain3. All people must pull together ( ) the project can be finished on schedule. [单选题] *A. as thoughB. ifC. even thoughD. in order that(正确答案)4. I wish I ( ) shopping with you yesterday, because I was very bored at home then. [单选题] *A. had gone(正确答案)B. would goC. could have goneD. went5. If ( ) in a warm place, these flowers will bloom in late May. [单选题] *A. to plantB. planted(正确答案)C. plantD. planting6. My father recommended two new books to me, ( ) seemed to be very interesting. [单选题] *A. both of thatB. all of thatC. both of which(正确答案)D. all of which7. Tom will never forget the days ( ) he lived in the remote village with his parents. [单选题] *A. whatB. whichC. when(正确答案)D. why8. Don't expect too much from her. The more you expect, ( ) you will become. [单选题] *A. the disappointedB. more disappointedC. the most disappointedD. the more disappointed(正确答案)9. The weather is quite fine. Let's go swimming, ( )？ [单选题] *A. will youB. shall we(正确答案)C. do weD. do you10. There is no doubt that the residents living in this building can have free ( ) to the swimming pool. [单选题] *A. excessB. access(正确答案)C. accelerateD. assess11. If you want to strengthen your friendship with your friends, you should ( ) more time communicating with them. [单选题] *A. spend(正确答案)B. takeC. payD. cost12. Tom has been nervous for three days, since he will have a(n) ( ) for the manager's job. [单选题] *A. reviewB. viewC. chatD. interview(正确答案)13. But for your advice, I ( ) the task arranged by the leader yesterday. [单选题] *A. shall not finishB. could not have finished(正确答案)C. shall finishD. could finish14. The aim of this meeting is ( ) how to solve the serious crisis. [单选题] *A. to discuss(正确答案)B. discussingC. to discussingD. discussed15. This building is named ( ) his name in memory of his great invention. [单选题] *A. upB. after(正确答案)C. atD. in16. ( ) are quite humorous and everyone likes making friends with them. [单选题] *A. The Bushes(正确答案)B. A BushC. BushesD. The Bush17. One way to manage time wisely is to give ( ) to what is the most important. [单选题] *A. principleB. permissionC. priority(正确答案)D. process18. The teachers don't know ( ), because the meeting rooms are being decorated. [单选题] *A. where should the meeting be heldB. which should the meeting be heldC. which the meeting should be heldD. where the meeting should be held(正确答案)19. Due to the outbreak of the epidemic, many outdoor activities have been ( ). [单选题] *A. called forB. called off(正确答案)C. called backD. called in20. According to the report, some experts ( ) the shop with selling cups with insulting ads. [单选题] *A. charge(正确答案)B. accuseC. blameD. condemn21. Some people ( ) it for granted that what they pick up in the street belongs to them. [单选题] *A. makeB. take(正确答案)C. getD. regard22. Because there is enough time, the teacher advises students ( ) their papers again. [单选题] *A. examinedB. to examine(正确答案)C. to examiningD. examine23. Many people suffer from hunger in this country ( ) the decrease of food imports this year. [单选题] *A. instead ofB. regardless ofC. due to(正确答案)D. as to24. I ( ) reading the novel by yesterday, so I buy a new novel today. [单选题] *A. had finished(正确答案)B. finishedC. finishD. would finish25. Most foreign people think ( ) very difficult to learn to write Chinese characters. [单选题] *A. thatB. thisC. it(正确答案)D. one26. Mary heard her name called by someone, whose voice was very familiar ( ) her. [单选题] *A. withB. to(正确答案)C. onD. in27. One ( ) of extra-curricular activities is that the kids involved can gain friendship. [单选题] *A. flexibilityB. benefit(正确答案)C. privilegeD. interest28. I will tell the truth to him if he ( ) the funeral the day after tomorrow. [单选题] *A. would attendB. will have attendedC. attends(正确答案)D. will attend29. His ( ) of the accident conflicted with that of the other witnesses. However, I believed what he said was true. [单选题] *A. expectationB. instructionC. responseD. account(正确答案)30. Every time I run into difficulty, he is always the first ( ) help. [单选题] *A. to be offeredB. to offer(正确答案)C. offerD. offering31. Many women have to resign in order to ( ) their children wholeheartedly. [单选题] *A. bring up(正确答案)B. put upC. break upD. build up32. My good friend Lily told me that she ( ) to New York the next month. [单选题] *A. wentB. goesC. would go(正确答案)D. will have gone33. It is natural that people ( ) feel upset for no reason. It usually won't last too long. [单选题] *A. sometimes(正确答案)B. some timesC. a timeD. some time34. Our company wants to invest in the property market, so we look forward to ( ) with that company. [单选题] *A. cooperateB. cooperating(正确答案)C. cooperatedD. being cooperated35. It is really ( ) to borrow money from your elder sister just to help a selfish stranger pay off his debt. [单选题] *A. ridiculous(正确答案)B. stubbornC. splendidD. popular36. The kids in the kindergarten help each other and never quarrel, thus creating a ( ) atmosphere. [单选题] *A. commonB. lonelyC. peaceful(正确答案)D. steady37. You ( ) to make so many preparations; the job has been assigned to an experienced fellow. [单选题] *A. needn't have bothered(正确答案)B. shouldn't have botheredC. mustn't have botheredD. couldn't have bothered38. ( ) in the park yesterday afternoon, my mother met an old friend. [单选题] *A. To walkB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkD. Walked39. Mary behaved in a specially confident manner ( ) she had understood the problem completely. [单选题] *A. as if(正确答案)B. whetherC. althoughD. than40. As we all know, success results from hard work; ( ) efforts, nothing can be achieved. [单选题] *A. except forB. without(正确答案)C. despiteD. besides41. His advice is that your father ( ) more exercise outdoors in the morning. [单选题] *A. doneB. will doC. should do(正确答案)D. does42. From this book, you can know ( ) those animals escape from their natural enemies. [单选题] *A. whoB. how(正确答案)C. whereD. it43. Plants are very ( ) to climate change. Therefore, many tree species are faced with extinction because of global warming. [单选题] *A. sensibleB. consciousC. sensitive(正确答案)D. independent44. His two dogs made a mess in his room, ( ) he didn't want to punish them. [单选题] *A. andB. orC. becauseD. but(正确答案)45. Hearing the words, he didn't seem to be offended; ( ), he looked very happy. [单选题] *A. in a wordB. in other wordsC. on the wholeD. on the contrary(正确答案)46. ( ) the salary is rather low, many young people have resigned in recent months. [单选题] *A. Because(正确答案)B. ForC. AfterD. So that47. What the little girl wants ( ) a pen, and what her elder brother wants ( ) two books. [单选题] *A. are; areB. is; isC. is; are(正确答案)D. are; is48. Most universities don't ( ) that every student can graduate with a certificate if they don't study hard. [单选题] *A. guarantee(正确答案)B. provideC. requireD. complete49. The company has recently taken on fifty people ( ) live in the local area. [单选题] *A. whichB. whoseC. thoseD. who(正确答案)50. All the afternoon my colleagues and I ( ) a report in the meeting room. [单选题] *A. prepareB. were to prepareC. have been preparing(正确答案)D. had been preparing5I. It is no use worrying about the future all the time. No one knows what will ( ) next minute. [单选题] *A. take placeB. get onC. disappearD. happen(正确答案)52. Alice, please turn down the music. I ( ) an important phone call at present. [单选题] *A. answerB. answeredC. have answeredD. am answering(正确答案)53. After you use my dictionary and English book, you should place them ( ) they used to be. [单选题] *A. the momentB. where(正确答案)C. whenD. that54. ( ) runs the fastest in the competition will be given an expensive prize. [单选题] *A. Whoever(正确答案)B. WhomeverC. WhomD. Who55. If you want these new employees to work out the answer, two hours and a half ( ) not enough. [单选题] *A. to beB. beingC. areD. is(正确答案)56. Only after they had examined the machine for several hours ( ) the problem. [单选题] *A. they foundB. did they find(正确答案)C. they findD. do they find57. ( ), he doesn't know how to get on with other people. [单选题] *A. Adult as he is(正确答案)B. Adult he is asC. Adult he as isD. An adult as he is58. It was ( ) that they went for a picnic in the park last weekend. [单选题] *A. so nice a weatherB. such nice weather(正确答案)C. nice weather soD. too nice weather59. It is advisable to adjust the measures on the ( ) of short-time predictions. [单选题] *A. basis(正确答案)B. baseC. foundationD. ground60. ( ) slowly he runs! I don't think he may attend the lecture on time. [单选题] *A. WhatB. ItC. How(正确答案)D. Whether。

练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。

生物专业英语课后练习题含答案1. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is the most important considerationwhen designing a polymerase chn reaction (PCR)?A. The length of the primerB. The temperature of the PCRC.The amount of DNA in the sample D. The thermal stability of the DNA polymeraseAnswer: D2.Which of the following describes the function of arestriction enzyme in molecular biology?A. Restriction enzymes are used to replicate DNA.B.Restriction enzymes are used to sequence DNA. C. Restrictionenzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sites. D. Restrictionenzymes are used to amplify DNA.Answer: C3.The gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according towhich of following parameters?A. SequenceB. SizeC. ConcentrationD. ChargeAnswer: B4.Which of the following is not a component of a typicalprokaryotic cell?A. NucleusB. Cell wallC. RibosomeD. PlasmidAnswer: A5.Which of the following is responsible for the majority ofoxygen production on Earth?A. FungiB. AlgaeC. ProtozoaD. BacteriaAnswer: B2. Short Answer1.What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?Genotype refers to the set of genes an organism carries, while phenotype refers to the observable trts that result from the interaction between the organism’s genes and its environmen t.2.Describe the process of translation.Translation is the process by which the information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein. It occurs on ribosomes, which contn two subunits (the small subunit and the large subunit).The process begins with the small subunit binding to the mRNAmolecule; this initiates the process of recognition of the start codon (AUG). Once the start codon is identified, the ribosome will recruit the first tRNA (transfer RNA) molecule, which carries an amino acid. The amino acid is then added to the growing peptide chn as the ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule, one codon at a time. This continues until a stop codon is reached, at which point the ribosome releases the newly synthesized protein, and the mRNA molecule is degraded.3.What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryoticcells?Prokaryotic cells are simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells and do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They are typically much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, have a nucleus and many membrane-boundorganelles (such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and theendoplasmic reticulum). They are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.3. True or False1.Bacteria are always harmful to humans.False2.The most diverse group of organisms on Earth is arthropods. True3.The Calvin cycle is the process by which photosynthesisoccurs.True4.Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are primarilydecomposers.True5.RNA splicing removes introns from the primary RNA transcript,leaving only exons.True4. MatchingMatch the following terms with their correct definition or function:1.EnzymeC. Protein molecule that acts as a catalyst in a biochemicalreaction2.GlycolysisD. The process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate3.MitochondriaA. Organelle responsible for cell respiration4.NucleusB. Organelle responsible for the storage and transmission ofgenetic informationAnswer:1.C2.D3.A4.BConclusionThis set of practice questions is designed to test your understanding of some of the key concepts in biology. By exploringtopics like genetics, cell structure, and molecular biology, you can gn a deeper appreciation for the complexity and diversity of life on Earth.By engaging with these questions and testing your knowledge, you can become a more confident and capable biologist.。

Chapter 3Discussion questions1.Why trading securities are usually regarded as current assets?Trading securities consist of surplus cash invested in government or corporate debt obligations, or in shares (equity securities) that can be readily sold (marketable) and ate held as a source of mature or be sold within the next year or operating period to be classified as current assets, although it is probable that they will. Trading securities ate considered current assets if they are marketable, and management’s intent of holding them for a longer period, they should be classified as long-term investment in securities.2.In making the annual adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts, a company mayutilize a balance sheet approach to make the estimate or it may use an income statement approach. Explain these two alternative approaches.A balance sheet is a financial statement listing a company’s assets, liabilities and owners’ or shareholders’ equity on a specific date. A balance sheet approach to an audit is a limited audit that only examines the accounts on a company's balance sheet.The income statement, also known as the profit and loss, or P&L, statement, runs down the revenues and expenses of a company over a specified time period, showing the company's net profit for the period. All publicly traded companies are required to produce an income statement at least annually, but many firms choose to produce quarterly income statements as well.3.Which inventory valuation method should a company use if it wants to minimizeincome taxes?When prices are rising, LIFO results in lower reported income and thus may provide a related tax benefit.When prices are decreasing, FIFO results in lower reported income and thus may provide a related tax benefit.4.What are the advantages by using the retail method to estimate inventories?The retail inventory method is widely used by department stores and other types of retail business that are likely to keep periodic inventory records. Such firms typically mark each item of merchandise with the retail price and record purchased at both cost and retail price. A firm can estimate its ending inventory at retail price merely by subtracting the net sales for the month from the retail price of goods available for sale. The ending inventory at retail is then converted to most on the basis of the ratio of cost to selling retail price for the current period. One of the major advantages of the retail method is that it provides inventory figures for use inpreparing interim statements.Exercises1.In general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at:A．Face valueB．Current valueC．Market valueD．Estimated future sales valueAnswer: B2. On January 1, CL Company had a $3100credit balance in the Allowance forDoubtful Accounts. During the year, sales totaled $78000 and &6900 of accounts receivable were written off as uncollectible. A December 31 aging of accounts receivable indicated the amount probably uncollectible to be $5300. (No recoveries of accounts previously written off were made during the year.) CL Company’s financial statements for the current year should include:A．Uncollectible accounts expense of $9100B．Uncollectible accounts expense of $5300C．Allowance for Doubtful Accounts with a credit balance of $1500D．Allowance for Doubtful Accounts with a credit balance of $8400Answer: A3. Why do companies prefer the LIFO inventory method during a period of risingprices?A．Higher reported incomeB．Lower income taxesC．Lower reported incomeD．Higher ending inventoryAnswer: B4. Which of the following statements is true?A. Separation of duties is not an important element of internal control forinventories.B. The perpetual system is used primarily for low-unit-cost inventory.C. An annual physical count of inventory is needed regardless of the type ofinventory system used.D. All the above are true.Answer: C5. If a firm purchases $100000 of bonds of Z Company at 101 plus accrued interestof $2000 and pays broker’s commissions of $50, the amount debited to Investment in Z Company Bonds may be:A. $100000B. $101050C. $103000D. none of the aboveAnswer: C6. ABC Company needs to determine the approximate amount of inventory at theend of each month without taking a physical inventory of merchandise. From the following information, you are required to determine the cost of the July 31The cost of the July 31inventory is determined as follows:Ending inventory of July 31 at retail selling price=$640,000-$375,000=$364,800 Ratio of cost to selling retail price=$435,200/$640,000=68%Ending inventory of July 31 at cost=$364,000×68%=$248,064。

化学专业英语课后练习题含答案题目：1.What is the molecular formula for acetic acid?2.What is the common name for sodium chloride?3.What is HNO3? What does it do?4.What is the chemical formula for ammonium nitrate?5.What is the difference between an organic and inorganiccompound?6.What is the difference between an acid and a base?答案：1.The molecular formula for acetic acid is C2H4O2.2.The common name for sodium chloride is table salt.3.HNO3 is nitric acid. It is a strong acid and is used in theproduction of fertilizers, explosives, and dyes.4.The chemical formula for ammonium nitrate is NH4NO3.5.An organic compound contns carbon atoms while inorganiccompounds do not.6.Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions whilebases release hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions. Acids have a pH less than 7 while bases have a pH greater than 7.解析：1.Acetic acid is a weak acid with a sweet smell and taste. Itsmolecular formula is C2H4O2 and it is also known as ethanoic acid.It is used in the manufacture of various chemicals, solvents,coatings, and plastics.2.Sodium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemicalformula NaCl. It is commonly used as a seasoning and preservative for food. It is also used in the chemical industry for various purposes, such as the production of chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and soda ash.3.Nitric acid is a strong acid with the chemical formula HNO3.It is a highly corrosive and toxic liquid that is used in theproduction of fertilizers, explosives, and dyes. It also has other industrial and laboratory applications, such as the etching of metals and the synthesis of organic compounds.4.Ammonium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemicalformula NH4NO3. It is a common fertilizer that is used to supply nitrogen to plants. It is also used as an explosive in mining, quarrying, and construction.anic compounds are based on carbon atoms, while inorganiccompounds do not contn carbon atoms. Organic compounds can befound in living organisms and are usually covalently bonded.Inorganic compounds are often ionic or covalent and are found in non-living things, such as rocks and minerals.6.Acids are compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions, while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions. Acids are characterized by a sour taste, and have a pH less than7. Bases are characterized by a bitter taste and slippery feel. They have a pH greater than 7. The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance, with 7 being neutral.。

Unit 3Vocabulary exercisesⅠ. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1. It is my personal belief that human potential can only be realize by theglobalization of ideas.2. ...the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society byalienating its individual users.3. ...he said he was "addicted," and has "forced" himself to go off-line.4. Automobile ownership because commonplace and suburbs werecreated."Progress" was their mantra.5. However, based on my personal experience I can understand how, as they surfthe web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload.6. Some would argue that virtual existences created by some users who debate,shop, travel and have romance on line are in fact not real.KEY1. ability to develop, achieve or succeed2. causing to feel very distant from or not welcome to others3. liked it very much and wanted to spend as much time doing it as possible4. a word or phrase which is often repeated to express a belief5. more information than one can cope with6. a set of images and sounds produced by a computer which seems so real that formost purposes it can be regarded as realⅡ. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.1. The president warned, "America must get rid of the hangover we all havebecause of economic binge we just went through," referring to the long period of inflated stock prices that sent Americans streaming into the market.A. indulgenceB. speculationC.habitD.inflation2. There is a small difference in meaning between the two words.dB. s lightC. moderateD.minimal3. Crab connoisseurs need not lament because king crab legs are still available atthe festival, along with plenty of other seafood.A. mournB. fell regretC. depressD.dissatisfy4.There's always intense media coverage of airplane crash and that can really playinto people's fears and skew their perceptions of how safe it is to fly.A. misconceiveB.changeC. distortD.preoccupy5. The creature survive in a thin atmosphere of hydrogen and carbon and dioxideand in a special brew of volcanic ash altered to simulate the properties of Martiansoil, including its density, grain size and magnetic properties.A.pretend to beB.imitateC.reproduceD.unify6. This budget place short-term, political partisan gratification ahead of the nation'sneeds.A.satisfactionB.pleasureC.nominationD.bonus7. She gradually perceived that her parent had been right.A.noticedB.knewC.scceptedD.realized8. Reputation is important and a big international bank just can't afford to alienateclient in countries around the world.A separate B.give up C.discord D.distanceKEY.1. A2. B3. B4. C5. B6. A7. D8. DⅢ. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.at the expense of prior to give....pause to think take advantage ofbe availiable for in earnest for better life be confront with1. John's mind is always full of fantasies. He dreams of changing theworld________.2. Edward Stuart became a brilliant scholar, but only at__________ his health.3. The corporation was determined to push forward the policy of reform, but thenew system_________great difficulty at the start.4. In order to gain the utmost amount of benefit, this corporation________theexceptional opportunities open in exports.5. It present in satirical terms point made_________by catholic writers, whichproved to be a success.6. Two tennis courts and a swimming pool_______the regular members of the club,but the season tickets are only valid for three month.7. According to the Federal Bureau of inspection, a man seen hanging around thearea_____the shooting could have been involved in the assassination of the President.8. An opposition statement said he hoped theagreement________them________about the futility of violence.KEY1. for the better2. at the expense of3. was confronted with4. took advantage of5. in earnest6. are available for7. prior to 8. would give ... pause to thinkⅣ. Explain meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1. Large deposit of limestone and clay can be found in the northern reaches of thestate of Washington.2. Several colleges and universities in the United States are now requiring that theirstudents purchase personal computers.3. The use of mechanical refrigerators became widespread in United States in the1920's.4. Could we go out tomorrow night instead? I'd rather have a quiet evening intonight.5. Becky will fill you in on what happened at the last meeting.6. You can lose yourself in a sea of identical hairstyles and thought styles.KEY1. expanses2. thinking it necessary3. commonplace4. at home5. tell you6. large numberGrammar exerciseⅠ. Put the following into indirect speech.1. " I've been in London for a month, but so far I haven't had time to visit thetower," said Robert.2. " I was intending to do it tomorrow," he said, "but now I don't think I'll be ableto."3. "Why are so many people interested in on-line shopping?" asked the boy.4. "Don't make mountains out of molehills, Mary," John said.5. "When the bell rings take the meant out of the even," my mother said.6. "Let's surf the Internet ," said Ann.7. "Need I eat it all,mummy?" said the child." Yes, dear, you must, " said the mother.8. "Tom, you shouldn't spend all time chatting on the Internet," Mr Smith said. KEY1.Robert said he had been in London for a month, but so far he hadn't had time tovisit the tower.2. He said he had been intending to do it the next day, but then he didn't think hewould be able to.3. The boy asked Why so many people were interested in on-line shopping.4. John told Mary not to make mountains out of molehills.5. My mother told me to take the meat out of the oven when the bell rang.6. Ann suggested surfing the Internet.7. The child asked his mother if he had to/need eat it all and she said that hemust/had to.8. Mr. Smith advised Tom not to spend all his time chatting on the Internet.Ⅱ. Combine the sentences in each group into one, using at least one absolute construction.1. a. There had been no rain. b. The ground was dry.2. a. When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table.b. The newspaper was spread before him.3. a. The boys leaned against the willow tree.b. Their fishing poles rested on sticks.c. Their eyes gazed at the bobs floating on the ripples4. a. Mark went homeward alone.b. His heart was full of strange emotion.5. a. The discussion had been completed.b. The chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour.6. a. The cowboy dominates the pages of many magazines.b. His hair is dark and curly.c. His broad shoulder are sloping yet powerful.d. His expression is calm and confident.KEY1. There having been no rain, the ground was dry.2. When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spreadbefore him.3. The boys learned against the willow tree, fishing poles resting on sticks, eyesgazing at the bobs floating on the ripples.4.Mark went homeward alone, his heart full of strange emotion.5. The discussion completed, the chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour.6. The cowboy dominates the pages of many magazines, his dark and curly, hisbroad shoulders sloping yet powerful and his expression calm and confident. Ⅲ. Fill in the blank with the gerund or the infinitive of the verb given in the brackets.1. I try to______(pacify) him but he refuse to ______(pacify) and went on_____(grumble)2. I am looking forward to______(see ) you.3. I object to _____(be treated) like a child.4. I don't feel like ___(do) on lined shopping.5. He hates ______(answer ) the phone, and very often just let it ____(ring)3. Two whole pages are devoted to ____ (report) yesterday's bomb explosion.KEY1. pacify, be pacified, grumbling2. seeing3. being treated4. doing5. answering, ring6. reportingⅣ. Review the following sentences. Start with the words given.1. He had hardly arrived when she started complaining.Hardly ________________________________________________2. Once Manton gets logged on the Net, he rarely care anything else.Rarely ________________________________________________3. You must not touch this switch under any circumstances.Under no circumstance ___________________________________4. They have never known such hardships in all their lives.Never _________________________________________________5. He worries so much about his financial position that he can't sleep at night.So much _______________________________________________6. He spoke not only more correctly but also more convincingly.Not only _______________________________________________7. They succeeded only after several trails.Only __________________________________________________KEY1. Hardly had he arrived when she stared complaining.2. Rarely does Maton care about anything else once he gets logged on to the Net.3. Under no circumstance must you touch this switch.4. Never in all their lives have they known such hardships.5. So much does he worry about his financial position that he can't sleep at night.6. Not only did he speak more correctly but also more convincingly.7. Only after several trials did they succeed.Ⅴ. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.1. It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by theglobalization of ideas.2. He said that he felt like an alcoholic, in that moderate use of the Internet was justnot possible for him.3. All of this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of theInternet is in achieving balance in out lives.KEY1. It is my hope that you will not give up your effort.It was my belief that our team will win the game.2. I am ready to accept your proposal in that I believe it to be the best you can offer.This machine differs from other one in that it is more powerful.3. All things being considered, I think I ought to award the scholarship to John.So many members being absent, the meeting had to be put off.TranslationⅠ. Translated the following sentences in to English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. 15年来，医生们一直用抗癌药治疗这种疾病的，这些药就像大锤一样打垮患者体内的防御力量。

护理专业英语课后答案习题护理专业英语课后答案习题护理专业英语课后答案习题护理专业英语课后答案Unit1 Warm-up Tasks Task 1: True or False Statements 1. T 2. T 3. F 4.F 5. T 6. F 7. F Task 2: Sentence Completion 1. primary care specialists 2. choosing to become specialists 3. alleviate those problems 4. remain a team effort 5. fewer and fewer new doctors Study Practice I. Reading Comprehension Questions 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A II. Words to Practice 1. unique 6. sterile 2. unitary 7. established 3. adaptive 8. vary 4. expands 9. distinct from 5. prescribe 10. supervise III. Translation A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1.高级临床专科护士是接受了高等教育和培训的注册护士，大部分都有护理硕士或博士学位。

她们在不同的场所工作，包括医院、疗养院、企业、私人诊所、学校以及社区中心。

有些高级临床专科护士自己开业，但大部分都是与医生合作开业。

许多高级临床专科护士有开具处方的权利。

2.护理的初衷是保持人们健康以及为病人提供舒适、照顾和保障。

虽然护理的总体目标历经几个世纪基本未变，但科学的进步和社会需求的变化对护理实践产生了巨大的影响。

护理逐渐发展成一门现代职业。

护理专业英语课后答案习题(3)护理专业英语课后答案Unit7Warm-up TasksTask 1: True or False Statements1. F2. F3. F4. F5. F6. F7. T Task 2: Sentence Completion1. lots of time and even some support2. the first six months of life3. before the baby is born4. 10 or 12 times5. aids in milk transferStudy & PracticeI. Reading Comprehension1. B2. B3. C4. A5. D II. Words to Practice1. manifest 6. inferiority2. cognitive 7. apathetic3. Cohesion 8. Mutilation4. somatic 9. catheter5. rationalization 10. detachment III.TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 护士应提供启发式的合理解释来应对儿童不切实际的恐惧，并进行干预，从使恐惧造成的损伤降到最小(比如可在操作中鼓励父母陪伴，或尽可能让儿童自己作决定)。

2. 治疗性游戏应该在无威胁的环境中进行,时间也应该有所保证。

指导游戏的工作人员应该接受儿童游戏中的行为,避免表示赞成或不赞成。

B. Translate the following sentences into English.1. Superficial phlebitis is a common complication of continuous intravenous injection.2. Without communication, the nurse is unable to determine whether implementation of nursing intervention is successful.3. Even in his irritability he was gentle, for his wife was pregnant.4. Please do not drink hot tea after eating fruit to avoid diarrhea.5. Contracture of muscle or scar tissues may result indistortion or deformity, especially in joints of the body. IV. Audio TasksTask 1: Short-answer Questions1. Develop immunity to certain diseases.2. Five DTP shots.3. Since the polio vaccine became available in 1955.4. For children between 12 and 15 months. Task 2: Spot Dictation1. confusing2. immunity3. temporary4. regarding5. combined6. dreaded7. administered8. series9. boosters护理专业英语课后答案Unit8Warm-up TasksTask 1: True or False Statements1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F6. F7. F Task 2: Sentence Completion1. ten million American baby boomers2. fifty-one years old3. Living longer4. almost twice more likely5. the life of a caregiverStudy & PracticeI. Reading Comprehension Questions1. B2. C3. A4. C5. C II. Words to Practice1. diverse 6. competencies2. acknowledges 7. efficacious3. alert 8. compliance4. demented 9. diagnosing5. outlived10. monitoring III. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 护士还必须熟悉高龄老人的特点。

课后题答案.doc第六章Dbcbbaacbd jachgidefb7Ababdadcdb iefjabgdch8Aacacacddc gajidbhcfe9Cbadcdbbbd gbaihecjdf第10章Aadbacdcbd ghfabcjdei计算机专业英语+单词+部分习题计算机专业英语（2008影印版）高等教育出版社共10页KEY TERMS第一单元application software应用软件basic application基本应用软件communication device通信设备compact disc (CD)光盘computer competency计算机能力Connectivity连通性Data数据database file数据库文件desktop computer台式计算机device driver磁盘驱动程序digital versatile disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘digital video disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘document file文档文件end user终端用户floppy disk软盘handheld computer手持计算机hard disk硬盘Hardware硬件High definition高清Information信息information system信息系统information technology信息技术input device输入设备Internet因特网Keyboard键盘mainframe computer大型机Memory内存Microcomputer微型机Microprocessor微处理器midrange computer中型机Minicomputer小型计算机Modem调制解调器Monitor监视器Mouse鼠标Network网络notebook computer笔记本电脑operating system操作系统optical disk光盘output device输出设备palm computer掌上电脑Peoplepersonal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file演示文稿primary storage主存Printer打印机Procedure规程Program程序random access memory随机存储器secondary storage device辅存Software软件specialized application专门应用软件Supercomputer巨型机system software系统软件system unit系统单元tablet PC平板电脑Utility实用程序wireless revolution无线革命worksheet file工作表第三单元analytical graph分析图application software应用软件Autocontent Wizard内容提示向导basic applications基础应用软件bulleted list项目符号列表business suite商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格character effect字效Chart图表Column列Computer trainer计算机培训员Contextual tab上下文标签Database数据库database management system (DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager数据库管理员Design template设计模板dialog box对话框Document文件Editing编辑Field字段find and replace查找和替换Font字体font size字号Form窗体Format格式Formula公式Function函数Galleries图库grammar checker语法检查器graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面home software家庭软件home suite家庭套装软件Icons图标integrated package集成组件Label标签master slide母板Menu菜单menu bar菜单栏numbered list编号列表numeric entry数值型输入personal software个人软件personal suite个人套装软件Pointer指针presentation graphic图形演示文稿productivity suite生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation重算Record记录relational database关系型数据Report报表Ribbons功能区、格式栏Row行Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片software suite软件套装Sort排序specialized applications专用应用程序specialized suite专用套装软件speech recognition语音识别spelling checker拼写检查器spreadsheet电子表格system software系统软件Table表格text entry文本输入Thesaurus[θis?:r?s]分类词汇集Toolbar工具栏user interface用户界面utility suite实用套装软件what-if analysis变化分析Window窗口word processor文字处理软件word wrap字回行workbook file工作簿Worksheet工作表第四单元Animation动画artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能artificial reality虚拟现实audio editing software音频编辑软件bitmap image位图Blog博客Buttons按键clip art剪辑图Desktop publisher桌面发布desktop publishing program桌面印刷系统软件drawing program绘图程序expert systems专家系统Flash动画fuzzy logic模糊逻辑graphical map框图graphics suite集成图HTML editors HTML编辑器illustration program绘图程序Image editors图像编辑器image gallery图库immersive experience沉浸式体验industrial robots工业机器人Interactivity交互性knowledge bases知识库knowledge-based system知识库系统Link链接mobile robot移动式遥控装置Morphing渐变Multimedia多媒体multimedia authoring programs多媒体编辑程序page layout program页面布局程序perception systems robot感知系统机器人Photo editors图像编辑器Pixel[piks?l]像素raster image光栅图像Robot机器人Robotics机器人学stock photographs照片库story boards故事版Vector[vekt?]矢量vector illustration矢量图vector image矢量图象video editing software视频编辑软件virtual environments虚拟环境virtual reality虚拟现实virtual reality modeling language (VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Web authoring网络编程Web authoring program网络编辑程序Web log网络日志Web page editor网页编辑器Add Printer Wizard添加打印机向导Antivirus program反病毒程序Backup备份backup program备份程序Booting启动、引导cold boot冷启动computer support specialist计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets仪表盘Desktop桌面desktop operating system桌面操作系统device driver磁盘驱动程序diagnostic program诊断程序dialog box对话框Disk Cleanup磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embedded operating systems嵌入式操作系统File文件file compression program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹Fragmented碎片化graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标language translator语言编译器leopard[lep?d]雪豹操作系统LinuxMac OS Mac操作系统Mac OS XMenu菜单Multitasking多任务处理network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server网络服务器One Button Checkup一键修复operating system操作系统Platform平台Pointer指针Sectors[sekt?]扇区software environment软件环境Spotlight聚光灯stand-alone operating system独立操作系统system software系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统troubleshooting program故障检修程序Uninstall program卸载程序UNIXuser interface用户界面Utility实用程序utility suite实用套装软件Virus[vai?r?s]病毒warm boot热启动Window视窗Windows视窗操作系统Windows Update Windows更新Windows VistaWindows XP第六单元AC adapter 交流适配器Accelerated graphics port(AGP):图形加速端口Arithmetic-logic unit（ALU）:算术逻辑单元Arithmetic operation:算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binary coding schemes:二进制编码制Bit:位Bus:总线Bus line:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cache memory:高速缓存carrier package 封装物Central processing unit (CPU):中央处理器Chip:芯片Clock speed时钟速度Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor:互补金属氧化物半导体Computer technician计算机工程师Control unit:控制单元Coprocessor协处理器Desktop system unit:桌面系统单元Digital数字的Dual-core chips双核芯片EBCDIC:扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码Expansion bus扩展总线Expansion card扩展卡Expansion slot扩展槽FireWire port:火线接口Flash memory闪存Graphics card图形适配卡Graphics coprocessor图形协处理器Handheld computer system unit 手持计算机系统单元Industry standard architecture（ISA）工业标准结构Infrared Data Association（IrDA）红外线传输模组Integrated circuit:集成电路Laptop computer膝式计算机Logical operation逻辑运算Microprocessor:微处理器Motherboard:主板Musical instrument digital interface（MIDI）乐器数字接口Network adapter card网络适配卡Network interface card（NIC）网络接口卡Notebook system unit:笔记本Parallel ports:并行端口Parallel processing并行处理Pc card: :个人计算机插卡PCI Express（PCIe）Peripheral component interconnect (PCI):外围部件互联Personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理Plug and play:即插即用Port:端口Power supply unit 供电设备Processor:处理器RAM cache: RAM高速缓存Random-access memory (RAM):随机存储器Read-only memory (ROM):只读存储器RFID tag射频识别标签Semiconductor:半导体serial ATA（SATA）串行A TA接口规范Serial ports:串行端口Silicon chip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smart card:智能卡sound card声卡System board:系统板System cabinet:主机System clock:系统时钟System unit:系统单元tablet PC平板式电脑tablet PC system unit平板式电脑系统单元TV tuner card:电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Universal serial bus (USB):通用串行总线Universal serial bus (USB) port:通用串行总线端口Virtual memory:虚拟存储器Word:字第七单元active-matrix monitor有源矩阵显示器bar code条形码bar code reader条形码阅读器cathode ray tube monitor (CRT)阴极射线管显示器Clarity清晰度combination key组合键cordless mouse无线鼠标data projector数据投影仪digital camera数码照相机Digital media player数字媒体播放器Digital music player数码音乐播放器digital video camera数码影像摄录机dot pitch点距dot-matrix printer针式打印机dots-per-inch (dpi)点每英寸dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器dumb terminal哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomic keyboard人体工程学键盘Fax machine传真机flat-panel monitor平面显示器Flatbed scanner平板扫描仪flexible keyboard可变形键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件Headphones耳机high-definition television (HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer喷墨打印机intelligent terminal智能终端Internet telephone网络电话Internet telephony网络电话IP Telephony IP电话Joystick游戏杆Keyboard键盘laser printer激光打印机light pen光笔Liquid crystal display（LCD）液晶显示器Magnetic card reader磁卡阅读器magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)磁性墨水字符识别mechanical mouse机械鼠标Monitor显示器Mouse鼠标mouse pointer鼠标指针multifunction device (MFD)多功能设备network terminal网络终端numeric keypad数字小键盘optical-character recognition (OCR)光学字符识别optical-mark recognition (OMR)光学标记识别optical mouse光电鼠标Optical scanner光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor无源矩阵显示器PDA keyboard PDA键盘personal laser printer个人激光打印机photo printer照片打印机picture elements 有效像素Pixel像素Pixel pitch像素间距platform scanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪pointing stick触控点portable printer便携式打印机portable scanner便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radio frequency card reader射频卡阅读器Radio frequency identification（RFID）射频识别refresh rate刷新率Resolution分辨率roller ball滚动球shared laser printer共享激光打印机Speakers扬声器Stylus[stail?s]输入笔Technical writer技术文档编写员telephony[tilef?ni]电话Terminal终端thermal printer[θ?:m?l]热敏打印机thin client瘦客户端thin film transistor monitor (TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器toggle key[t?ɡl]切换键touch pad触控板touch screen触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditional keyboard传统键盘Universal Product Code (UPC)同一产品编码voice-over IP (VoIP)网络电话voice recognition system语音识别系统wand reader棒式阅读器WebCam摄像头wheel button滚动键wireless keyboard无线键盘wireless mouse无线鼠标第八单元access speed存取速度Blu-Ray（BD）蓝光Capacity容量CD (compact disc)光盘CD-R (CD-recordable)可录式CDCD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory)光盘库CD-RW (compact disc rewritable)可重写CDCylinder[silind?]柱面Density密度direct access直接存取disk caching磁盘缓存DVD(digital versatile disc or digital video disc)DVD player DVD播放器DVD- R (DVD recordable)可录式DVDDVD +R (DVD recordable)可录式DVDDVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM(DVD random-read-only memory)DVD只读存储器DVD-ROM jukeboxDVD-RW (DVD rewritable)可重写DVDEnterprise storage system企业存储系统erasable optical disk可擦光盘file compression文件压缩file decompression文件解压缩File server文件服务器flash memory card闪存卡floppy disk软盘Floppy disk cartridge软盘盒floppy disk drive (FDD)软磁盘驱动器hard disk硬盘hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒hard-disk pack硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)高清DVDhead crash磁头碰撞Hi def(high definition)高清high capacity disk高容量磁盘internal hard disk内置硬盘Internet hard drive网络硬盘驱动器Label标签Land平地magnetic tape磁带magnetic tape reel磁带盒magnetic tape streamer磁带条Media多媒体optical disk光盘optical disk drive光盘驱动器Organizational Internet storage组织性网络存储PC Card hard disk PC卡硬盘Pit坑primary storage主存RAID system磁碟阵列系统Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列secondary storage辅存Sector扇区sequential access顺序存取Shutter滑盖Software engineer软件工程师solid-state storage固态存储器storage devices存储装置tape cartridge盒式带Track轨道USB drive USB驱动器write-protection notch写入保护缺口第九单元3G cellular networkanalog signal 模拟信号asymmetric digital subscriber line（ADSL）非对称数字用户线路Backbone中枢Bandwidth带宽base station基址bits per second位/秒Bluetooth 蓝牙Broadband宽带broadcast radio无线广播Bus总线bus network总线网络cable modem电缆调制解调器cellular service无线服务Client 客户client/server network system客户/服务网络系统coaxial cable同轴电缆communication channel 信道communication system 通信系统computer network计算机网络Connectivity连通性Demodulation 解调dial-up service拨号服务digital signal数字信号digital subscriber line (DSL)数字用户线路distributed data processing分布式数据处理系统distributed processing分布处理domain name server (DNS)域名服务Ethernet以太网external modem外置调制解调器Extranet外联网fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆Firewall防火墙global positioning system (GPS)全球卫星定位系统hierarchical network树型网络home network家庭网络host computer主机Hub集线器Infrared红外线internal modem 内置式调制解调器Intranet内联网IP address (Internet Protocol address)IP地址local area network (LAN)局域网low bandwidth低频带宽medium band 中频波段metropolitan area network (MAN) 城域网Microwave微波Modem调制解调器Modulation调制network administrator网络管理员network architecture网络体系结构network gateway 网关network hub 网络集线器network interface card (NIC)网络接口卡network operating system (NOS)网络操作系统Node 节点Packet 数据包PC card modem PC卡调制解调器peer-to-peer network system 对等网络系统Polling 轮流检测Protocol协议proxy server代理服务器ring network环型网络Satellite卫星satellite/air connection service卫星互连服务Server服务器star network 星型网络Strategy策略T1, T2, T3, T4 linestelephone line电话线terminal network 终端网络time-sharing system并发式系统Topology拓扑结构transfer rate传输率TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)传输控制协议/因特网协议voiceband声音带宽wide area network (W AN)广域网Wi-FI (wireless fidelity)无限保真wireless LAN (WLAN)无线局域网wireless modem无线调制解调器wireless receiver无线接收器课后习题答案：Ch1: Ch6:bbabd,dacdd; eichafgbdj. dbcbb,aacbd; jachgidefb.Ch3: Ch7:dcbdd,abccb; jachbdiegf. Ababd,adcdb; iefjabgdch.Ch4: Ch8:aaaba,bcbab; igdecfhbja. dacac,acddc; gajidbhcfe.Ch5: Ch9:cdcaa,cbbac; gdfbghaeic. abadc,dbbbd; gbaidecjhf.中英文对照的ERP专业词汇介绍:B2C、B2B、ASP、APS、BOM、C/S、CAD、CAM、CPC、EDI、GUI、ISO、MIS、PM、SCM、SQL、TQM、line item、planned capacity、rated capacity、virtual warehouse……1 ABM Activity-based Management 基于作业活动管理2 AO Application Outsourcing 应用程序外包3 APICS American Production and Inventory Control Society,Inc 美国生产与库存管理协会4 APICS Applied Manufacturing Education Series 实用制造管理系列培训教材5 APO Advanced Planning and Optimization 先进计划及优化技术6 APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling 高级计划与排程技术7 ASP Application Service/Software Provider 应用服务/软件供应商8 ATO Assemble To Order 定货组装9 ATP Available To Promise 可供销售量(可签约量)10 B2B Business to Business 企业对企业(电子商务)11 B2C Business to Consumer 企业对消费者(电子商务)12 B2G Business to Government 企业对政府(电子商务)13 B2R Business to Retailer 企业对经销商(电子商务)14 BIS Business Intelligence System 商业智能系统15 BOM Bill Of Materials 物料清单16 BOR Bill Of Resource 资源清单17 BPR Business Process Reengineering 业务/企业流程重组18 BPM Business Process Management 业务/企业流程管理19 BPS Business Process Standard 业务/企业流程标准20 C/S Client/Server(C/S)\Browser/Server(B/S) 客户机/服务器\浏览器/服务器21 CAD Computer-Aided Design 计算机辅助设计22 CAID Computer-Aided Industrial Design 计算机辅助工艺设计23 CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造24 CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning 计算机辅助工艺设计25 CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering 计算机辅助软件工程26 CC Collaborative Commerce 协同商务27 CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System 计算机集成制造系统28 CMM Capability Maturity Model 能力成熟度模型29 COMMS Customer Oriented Manufacturing Management System 面向客户制造管理系统30 CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 通用对象请求代理结构31 CPC Collaborative Product Commerce 协同产品商务32 CPIM Certified Production and Inventory Management 生产与库存管理认证资格33 CPM Critical Path Method 关键线路法34 CRM Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理35 CRP capacity requirements planning 能力需求计划36 CTI Computer Telephony Integration 电脑电话集成(呼叫中心)37 CTP Capable to Promise 可承诺的能力38 DCOM Distributed Component Object Model 分布式组件对象模型39 DCS Distributed Control System 分布式控制系统40 DMRP Distributed MRP 分布式MRP41 DRP Distribution Resource Planning 分销资源计划42 DSS Decision Support System 决策支持系统43 DTF Demand Time Fence 需求时界44 DTP Delivery to Promise 可承诺的交货时间45 EAI Enterprise Application Integration 企业应用集成46 EAM Enterprise Assets Management 企业资源管理47 ECM Enterprise Commerce Management 企业商务管理48 ECO Engineering Change Order 工程变更订单49 EDI Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换50 EDP Electronic Data Processing 电子数据处理51 EEA Extended Enterprise Applications 扩展企业应用系统52 EIP Enterprise Information Portal 企业信息门户53 EIS Executive Information System 高层领导信息系统54 EOI Economic Order Interval 经济定货周期55 EOQ Economic Order Quantity 经济订货批量(经济批量法)56 EPA Enterprise Proficiency Analysis 企业绩效分析57 ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划58 ERM Enterprise Resource Management 企业资源管理59 ETO Engineer To Order 专项设计，按订单设计60 FAS Final Assembly Schedule 最终装配计划61 FCS Finite Capacity Scheduling 有限能力计划62 FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 柔性制造系统63 FOQ Fixed Order Quantity 固定定货批量法64 GL General Ledger 总账65 GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面66 HRM Human Resource Management 人力资源管理67 HRP Human Resource Planning 人力资源计划68 IE Industry Engineering/Internet Exploration 工业工程/浏览器69 ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织70 ISP Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商71 ISPE International Society for Productivity Enhancement 国际生产力促进会72 IT/GT Information/Group Technology 信息/成组技术73 JIT Just In Time 准时制造/准时制生产74 KPA Key Process Areas 关键过程域75 KPI Key Performance Indicators 关键业绩指标76 LP Lean Production 精益生产77 MES Manufacturing Executive System 制造执行系统78 MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统79 MPS Master Production Schedule 主生产计划80 MRP Material Requirements Planning 物料需求计划81 MRPII Manufacturing Resource Planning 制造资源计划82 MTO Make To Order 定货(订货)生产83 MTS Make To Stock 现货(备货)生产84 OA Office Automation 办公自动化85 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturing 原始设备制造商86 OPT Optimized Production Technology 最优生产技术87 OPT Optimized Production Timetable 最优生产时刻表88 PADIS Production And Decision Information System 生产和决策管理信息系统89 PDM Product Data Management 产品数据管理90 PERT Program Evaluation Research Technology 计划评审技术91 PLM Production Lifecycle Management 产品生命周期管理92 PM Project Management 项目管理93 POQ Period Order Quantity 周期定量法94 PRM Partner Relationship Management 合作伙伴关系管理95 PTF Planned Time Fence 计划时界96 PTX Private Trade Exchange 自用交易网站97 RCCP Rough-Cut Capacity Planning 粗能力计划98 RDBM Relational Data Base Management 关系数据库管理99 RPM Rapid Prototype Manufacturing 快速原形制造100 RRP Resource Requirements Planning 资源需求计划101 SCM Supply Chain Management 供应链管理102 SCP Supply Chain Partnership 供应链合作伙伴关系103 SFA Sales Force Automation 销售自动化104 SMED Single-Minute Exchange Of Dies 快速换模法105 SOP Sales And Operation Planning 销售与运作规划106 SQL Structure Query Language 结构化查询语言107 TCO Total Cost Ownership 总体运营成本108 TEI Total Enterprise Integration 全面企业集成109 TOC Theory Of Constraints/Constraints managemant 约束理论/约束管理110 TPM Total Productive Maintenance 全员生产力维护111 TQC Total Quality Control 全面质量控制112 TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理113 WBS Work Breakdown System 工作分解系统114 XML eXtensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言115 ABC Classification(Activity Based Classification) ABC分类法116 ABC costing 作业成本法117 ABC inventory control ABC 库存控制118 abnormal demand 反常需求119 acquisition cost ,ordering cost 定货费120 action message 行为/活动(措施)信息121 action report flag 活动报告标志122 activity cost pool 作业成本集123 activity-based costing(ABC) 作业基准成本法/业务成本法124 actual capacity 实际能力125 adjust on hand 调整现有库存量126 advanced manufacturing technology 先进制造技术127 advanced pricing 高级定价系统128 AM Agile Manufacturing 敏捷制造129 alternative routing 替代工序(工艺路线)130 Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报131 anticipation inventory 预期储备132 apportionment code 分摊码133 assembly parts list 装配零件表134 automated storage/retrieval system 自动仓储/检索系统135 Automatic Rescheduling 计划自动重排136 available inventory 可达到库存137 available material 可用物料138 available stock 达到库存139 available work 可利用工时140 average inventory 平均库存141 back order 欠交(脱期)订单142 back scheduling 倒排(序)计划/倒序排产?143 base currency 本位币144 batch number 批号145 batch process 批流程146 batch production 批量生产147 benchmarking 标杆瞄准(管理)148 bill of labor 工时清单149 bill of lading 提货单150 branch warehouse 分库151 bucketless system 无时段系统152 business framework 业务框架153 business plan 经营规划154 capacity level 能力利用水平155 capacity load 能力负荷156 capacity management 能力管理157 carrying cost 保管费158 carrying cost rate 保管费率159 cellular manufacturing 单元式制造160 change route 修改工序161 change structure 修改产品结构162 check point 检查点163 closed loop MRP 闭环MRP164 Common Route Code(ID) 通用工序标识165 component-based development 组件(构件)开发技术166 concurrent engineering 并行(同步)工程167 conference room pilot 会议室模拟168 configuration code 配置代码169 continuous improvement 进取不懈170 continuous process 连续流程171 cost driver 作业成本发生因素172 cost driver rate 作业成本发生因素单位费用173 cost of stockout 短缺损失174 cost roll-up 成本滚动计算法175 crew size 班组规模176 critical part 急需零件177 critical ratio 紧迫系数178 critical work center 关键工作中心179 CLT Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期180 current run hour 现有运转工时181 current run quantity 现有运转数量182 customer care 客户关怀183 customer deliver lead time 客户交货提前期184 customer loyalty 客户忠诚度185 customer order number 客户订单号186 customer satisfaction 客户满意度187 customer status 客户状况188 cycle counting 周期盘点189 DM Data Mining 数据挖掘190 Data Warehouse 数据仓库191 days offset 偏置天数192 dead load 空负荷193 demand cycle 需求周期194 demand forecasting 需求预测195 demand management 需求管理196 Deming circle 戴明环197 demonstrated capacity 实际能力198 discrete manufacturing 离散型生产199 dispatch to 调度200 DRP Distribution Requirements Planning 分销需求计划201 drop shipment 直运202 dunning letter 催款信203 ECO workbench ECO工作台204 employee enrolled 在册员工205 employee tax id 员工税号206 end item 最终产品207 engineering change mode flag 工程变更方式标志208 engineering change notice 工程变更通知209 equipment distribution 设备分配210 equipment management 设备管理211 exception control 例外控制212 excess material analysis 呆滞物料分析213 expedite code 急送代码214 external integration 外部集成215 fabrication order 加工订单216 factory order 工厂订单217 fast path method 快速路径法218 fill backorder 补足欠交219 final assembly lead time 总装提前期220 final goods 成品221 finite forward scheduling 有限顺排计划222 finite loading 有限排负荷223 firm planned order 确认的计划订单224 firm planned time fence 确认计划需求时界225 FPR Fixed Period Requirements 定期用量法226 fixed quantity 固定数量法227 fixed time 固定时间法228 floor stock 作业现场库存229 flow shop 流水车间230 focus forecasting 调焦预测231 forward scheduling 顺排计划232 freeze code 冻结码233 freeze space 冷冻区234 frozen order 冻结订单235 gross requirements 毛需求236 hedge inventory 囤积库存237 in process inventory 在制品库存238 in stock 在库239 incrementing 增值240 indirect cost 间接成本241 indirect labor 间接人工242 infinite loading 无限排负荷243 input/output control 投入/产出控制244 inspection ID 检验标识245 integrity 完整性246 inter companies 公司内部间247 interplant demands 厂际需求量248 inventory carry rate 库存周转率249 inventory cycle time 库存周期250 inventory issue 库存发放251 inventory location type 仓库库位类型252 inventory scrap 库存报废量253 inventory transfers 库存转移254 inventory turns/turnover 库存(资金)周转次数255 invoice address 发票地址256 invoice amount gross 发票金额257 invoice schedule 发票清单258 issue cycle 发放周期259 issue order 发送订单260 issue parts 发放零件261 issue policy 发放策略262 item availability 项目可供量263 item description 项目说明264 item number 项目编号265 item record 项目记录266 item remark 项目备注267 item status 项目状态268 job shop 加工车间269 job step 作业步骤270 kit item 配套件项目271 labor hour 人工工时272 late days 延迟天数273 lead time 提前期274 lead time level 提前期水平275 lead time offset days 提前期偏置(补偿)天数276 least slack per operation 最小单个工序平均时差277 line item 单项产品278 live pilot 应用模拟279 load leveling 负荷量280 load report 负荷报告281 location code 仓位代码282 location remarks 仓位备注283 location status 仓位状况284 lot for lot 按需定货(因需定量法/缺补法)285 lot ID 批量标识286 lot number 批量编号287 lot number traceability 批号跟踪288 lot size 批量289 lot size inventory 批量库存290 lot sizing 批量规划291 low level code 低层(位)码292 machine capacity 机器能力293 machine hours 机时294 machine loading 机器加载295 maintenance ,repair,and operating supplies 维护修理操作物料296 make or buy decision 外购或自制决策297 management by exception 例外管理法298 manufacturing cycle time 制造周期时间299 manufacturing lead time 制造提前期300 manufacturing standards 制造标准301 master scheduler 主生产计划员302 material 物料303 material available 物料可用量304 material cost 物料成本305 material issues and receipts 物料发放和接收306 material management 物料管理307 material manager 物料经理308 material master,item master 物料主文件309 material review board 物料核定机构310 measure of velocity 生产速率水平311 memory-based processing speed 基于存储的处理速度312 minimum balance 最小库存余量313 Modern Materials Handling 现代物料搬运314 month to date 月累计315 move time , transit time 传递时间316 MSP book flag MPS登录标志317 multi-currency 多币制318 multi-facility 多场所319 multi-level 多级320 multi-plant management 多工厂管理321 multiple location 多重仓位322 net change 净改变法323 net change MRP 净改变式MRP324 net requirements 净需求325 new location 新仓位326 new parent 新组件327 new warehouse 新仓库328 next code 后续编码329 next number 后续编号330 No action report 不活动报告331 non-nettable 不可动用量332 on demand 急需的333 on-hand balance 现有库存量334 on hold 挂起335 on time 准时336 open amount 未清金额337 open order 未结订单/开放订单338 order activity rules 订单活动规则339 order address 订单地址340 order entry 订单输入341 order point 定货点342 order point system 定货点法343 order policy 定货策略344 order promising 定货承诺345 order remarks 定货备注346 ordered by 定货者347 overflow location 超量库位348 overhead apportionment/allocation 间接费分配349 overhead rate,burden factor,absorption rate 间接费率350 owner's equity 所有者权益351 parent item 母件352 part bills 零件清单353 part lot 零件批次354 part number 零件编号355 people involvement 全员参治356 performance measurement 业绩评价357 physical inventory 实际库存358 picking 领料/提货359 planned capacity 计划能力360 planned order 计划订单361 planned order receipts 计划产出量362 planned order releases 计划投入量363 planning horizon 计划期/计划展望期364 point of use 使用点365 Policy and procedure 工作准则与工作规程366 price adjustments 价格调整367 price invoice 发票价格368 price level 物价水平369 price purchase order 采购订单价格370 priority planning 优先计划371 processing manufacturing 流程制造372 product control 产品控制373 product family 产品系列374 product mix 产品搭配组合375 production activity control 生产作业控制376 production cycle 生产周期377 production line 产品线378 production rate 产品率379 production tree 产品结构树380 PAB Projected Available Balance 预计可用库存(量) 381 purchase order tracking 采购订单跟踪382 quantity allocation 已分配量383 quantity at location 仓位数量384 quantity backorder 欠交数量385 quantity completion 完成数量386 quantity demand 需求量387 quantity gross 毛需求量388 quantity in 进货数量389 quantity on hand 现有数量390 quantity scrapped 废品数量391 quantity shipped 发货数量392 queue time 排队时间393 rated capacity 额定能力394 receipt document 收款单据395 reference number 参考号396 regenerated MRP 重生成式MRP397 released order 下达订单398 reorder point 再订购点399 repetitive manufacturing 重复式生产(制造)400 replacement parts 替换零件401 required capacity 需求能力402 requisition orders 请购单403 rescheduling assumption 重排假设404 resupply order 补库单405 rework bill 返工单406 roll up 上滚407 rough cut resource planning 粗资源计划408 rounding amount 舍入金额409 run time 加工(运行)时间410 safety lead time 安全提前期411 safety stock 安全库存412 safety time 保险期413 sales order 销售订单414 scheduled receipts 计划接收量(预计入库量/预期到货量) 415 seasonal stock 季节储备416 send part 发送零件417 service and support 服务和支持418 service parts 维修件419 set up time 准备时间420 ship address 发运地址421 ship contact 发运单联系人422 ship order 发货单423 shop calendar 工厂日历(车间日历)424 shop floor control 车间作业管理(控制)425 shop order , work order 车间订单426 shrink factor 损耗因子(系数)427 single level where used 单层物料反查表428 standard cost system 标准成本体系429 standard hours 标准工时430 standard product cost 标准产品成本431 standard set up hour 标准机器设置工时432 standard unit run hour 标准单位运转工时433 standard wage rate 标准工资率434 status code 状态代码435 stores control 库存控制436 suggested work order 建议工作单437 supply chain 供应链438 synchronous manufacturing 同步制造/同期生产439 time bucket 时段(时间段)。