英语词汇学(二) 期末考试试题及参考答案

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。

A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。

A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。

A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。

A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。

A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。

A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。

A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。

答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。

答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。

答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷二（含答案）

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷二（含答案）《英语词汇学》模拟试卷二（含答案）I.Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%)1. The prehistorical Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______ language.A. advancedB. developedC. analyticD. inflected ( )2. The word “prediction” contains no ______.A. free morphemeB. stemC. bund morphemeD. root ( )3. The relationship between sound and meaning is ______ and conventional.A. logicalB. arbitraryC. objectiveD. consistent ( )4. The word “port” from “portus” is regarded as a ______.A. semantic-loanB. neologismC. translation-loanD. denizen ( )5. Words created by adding word forming or derivational affixes to stems are called ______.A. acronymsB. blendsC. derivativesD. compounds ( )6. The word ______ is regarded as a deverbal noun.A. popularityB. persistenceC. productivityD. priestess ( )7. The word “disunite” contains a ______ prefix.A. reversativeB. pejorativeC. negativeD. locative ( )8. Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its ______.A. spellingB. soundC. meaningD. function ( )9. Extension of meaning is also known as ______.A. specializationB. elevationC. generalizationD. degradation ( )10. The words “husband” and “wife” are regarded as ______ terms.A. relativeB. contradictoryC. contraryD. graded ( )11. The word “copperhead” was used to refer to thosenortherners who were secretlyaiding the South because of the ______ reason.A. classB. historicalC. socialD. psychological ( )12. The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure where it occurs, whichis called ______ context.A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. linguisticD. non-linguistic ( )13. The idiom “heart and soul” is ______ in nature.A. adjectivalB. verbalC. adverbialD. nominal ( )14. The ambiguity of the sentence, “The ball is attractive,” is caused by ______.A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymy ( )15. The main body of a dictionary is its ______ of words.A. notesB. usageC. spellingD. definitions ( ) II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)1. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _________________.2. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the _______________ element.3. Some differences between sound and meaning were created by the ____________, who made a living by writing for other people.4. All the words in a language make up its __________________.5. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited ___________________ and collocability.6. Scottish and Irish belong to the Celtic family, but Danish and German belong to the ___________________ family.7. According to the ________________ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.8. Lexical meaning itself embraces two components: __________________ meaning and associative meaning.9. The most common types of word-meaning changes are __________________ and narrowing.10. Of the three types of homonyms, __________________ constitute the largest number and are most common.11. Transfer may also occur between abstract and ________________ meanings.12. Idioms are generally felt to be __________________ and some are slang and colloquialisms.13. Synonyms may differ in the ________________ and intensity of meaning.14. So far as the language is concerned, a Chinese-English dictionary is regarded as a __________________ dictionary.15. Compared with American dictionaries, British dictionaries, especially learner’s dictionaries, include more ____________ information.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)1. The Germanic tribes were thought to be the first peoples known to inhabit theBritish Isles. ( )2. The chief function of prefixes is to change the meanings of stems. ( )3. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “internationalist”. ( )4. The French influence on English vocabulary was one of the significant points of the Middle English period. ( )5. Inflectional morphemes which are confined to suffixes function as grammatical markers. ( )6. The words such as NATO, AIDS, BASIC and UFO are acronyms. ( )7. There are few words which have both the same conceptual meaning and the same stylistic meaning. ( ) 8. One of the features of the contradictory terms is that such antonyms are so opposed to each other that they are mutually exclusive. ( ) 9. The same idiom may show stylistic differences when it is assigned different meanings. ( ) 10. The ambiguity of the sentence “The duck is too hot to eat,” is caused by inadequate grammatical context. ( ) 11. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedia. ( ) 12. Such words as “useless” and “bad-mouth” are regarded as morphologically motivated words. ( ) 13. The Oxford Dictionary of EnglishEtymology is generally known as a specialized dictionary. ( )14. In the idiom “sooner or later”, juxtaposition is used. ( )15. Linguistic context may include the whole cultural background. ( ) IV. Answer the following questions. (20%)1.What is conceptual meaning? What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning?2. What are the four major causes of the difference between sound and form?3. What is transfer? What are the four main types of transfer?4. What is the difference between denizens and aliens?5. What are specialized dictionaries? What are their characteristics?V. Analyze and comment on the following. (20%)1. Point out the formation of the following words.sitcom medicare pub quake NATO VOA2.Read the following sentence carefully. If you find anything inappropriate, explainthe reasons and then improve the sentence.Jackson is a very hard businessman.《英语词汇学》模拟试卷参考答案I.选择题1. D2. A3. B4. D5. C6. B7. A8. C9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. DII. 填空题1. affix2. first3. scribes4. vocabulary5. productivity6. Germanic7. positions8. conceptual9. extension 10. homophones 11. semantic 12. informal13. concrete 14. bilingual 15. grammaticalIII. 是非题1. F2. T3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. T9. T10. T 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. T 15. FIV. 问答题1.Conceptual meaning which is also known as denotative meaning is themeaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Being constant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis forcommunication as the same word has the same conceptualmeaning to all the speakers of the same language.2.The first reason is that there are more phonemes than letters in English.Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly thanspelling over the years. The third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. The fourth reason is the borrowing.3.Transfer or semantic transfer refers to a process of the change ofword-meaning whereby a word used to designate one thing has been changed to mean something else. The four main types of semantic transfer are:associated transfer, transfer between abstract and concrete meanings, transfer between subjective and objective meanings, and transfer of sensations.4.Denizens which are words borrowed early in the past are now wellassimilated into the English language and have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, but aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling and are immediatelyrecognizable as foreign in origin.5.Specialized dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language orknowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms,pronunciation, usage in language, and computer, engineering, literature and avariety of other subjects. These dictionaries may not be verylarge in size, buteach contains much more detailed information on the subject then you can find in a general unabridged one.V. 论述题1．1) Sitcom and medicare are blends. Sitcom is formed by combining the head of “situation” and that of “comedy”, and medicare is formed by combining the head of “medical” and the word “care”.2) Pub and quake are clipped words. Pub is formed by clipping the tail of the phrase “public house”, and quake is formed by clipping the head of the word “earthquake”.3) NATO and VOA are new words created through acronymy. NATO from “the North Atlantic Treaty Organization”is an acronym, while VOA from “V oice of America” is an initialism.2. 1) The sentence is ambiguous. The ambiguity is caused by polysemy.2) The word “hard”in this sentence can be understood as “hardworking”or “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means. But there would be no misunderstanding if the original sentence is extended as “Jack is a very hard businessman and he has made great achievements,”or “Jack is a very hard businessman to deal with.”。

英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)

《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、单选题1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists8. Most English words are _________ symbols.A. definiteB. arbitraryC. infiniteD. hereditary9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words.A. nationalismB. anthropologyC. linguisticsD. motivation10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words.A. onomatopoeicB. similarC. naturalD. symbolic11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym15.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym16. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix17. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix18. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix19. Any root or stem can be termed as a _______.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix20.A _______ is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix21. The wo rd “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction22.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation23.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation24.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation25.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation26. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD27. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD28. The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is known as _________.A. Ancient EnglishB. Primordial EnglishC. Contemporary EnglishD. Middle English29. The English language from 1500 AD to the present is called ________ .A. Ancient EnglishB. Old EnglishC. Middle EnglishD. Modern English30. Which of the following is not a phase in the development of the English language?A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Contemporary English31.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words32. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words33. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words34. The word “base” meaning “the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words35. The word “son” meaning “one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words36. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy37. When many pairs or groups of words which are different in meaning are pronounced alike or spelled alike, or both, such words belong to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. polysemy38.When words are identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called ________ .A. homophonesB. homographsC.homoformsD. homogenes39. ________ is the most common cause of homophones.A. semantic divergenceB. phonetic convergenceC. shorteningD. foreign influence40. When words are involved in the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter, the words belong to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy41.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension42.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension43.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension44.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension45. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition46. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning47. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning48. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning49._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning50. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning二、名词解释题51. proverbabsolute synonym52. function wordsonomatopoeic words53. homonymydegradation54. metaphorprefixation55. polysemyelevation of meaning三、Word-building processes56. IOC VIP fire-proof ad auto plane CIA BBC ID record-breaking raindrop newscast brunch botel motel beautility champ dorm steamboat honeybee57. sit-in TB phone shoulder-high bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom gym taxi memo vet TEFL SALT dropout setback UN OPEC crystal-clear58.round-the-clock NATO sci-fi telex proof-reader schoolboy chute bus copter PE ASEAN NASA TOEFL air-conditioning lion’s share dozer plane airtel faction lunarnaut59.sea-green flowerbed VOA bike fridge medicare Motown hi-fi tec scope quake NBC EPA UNESCO H-bomb air-tight silkworm peace-loving slimnastics docudrama60.morning person ROM CD flu brunch travelog workaholic motel telex nark pop biz math VCR sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting ABC RAM四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times a week at our little local theatre.62. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATIENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”63. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.64. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the other side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.65. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in ____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.五、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. C2. C3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. B9. D10. A11. C12. C13. C14. C15. C16. A17. C18. B19. C20. B21. D22. A23. A24. B25. D26. B27. A28. D29. D30. D31. C32. C33. B34. B35. A36. D37. C38. A39. B40. A41. C42. B43. A44. D45. D46. A47. C48. B49. C50. D二、名词解释题51. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / The early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.52. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.53.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident54. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart55. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd三、Word-building processes56. compounding: fire-proof record-breaking raindrop steamboat honeybee acronymy: CIA IOC VIP BBC IDclipping: ad auto champ dorm planeblending: newscast brunch botel motel beautility57. compounding: sit-in dropout setback shoulder-high crystal-clearacronymy: TB UN OPEC TEFL SALTclipping: phone gym taxi memo vetblending: bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom58. compounding: round-the-clock air-conditioning proof-reader schoolboy lion’s share acronymy: NATO PE ASEAN NASA TOEFLclipping: chute bus copter dozer planeblending: sci-fi telex airtel faction lunarnaut59. compounding: sea-green flowerbed air-tight silkworm peace-lovingacronymy: VOA NBC EPA UNESCO H-bombclipping: bike fridge tec scope quakeblending: slimnastics docudrama medicare Motown hi-fi60. compounding: morning person sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting acronymy: ROM CD VCR ABC RAMclipping: flu nark pop biz mathblending: brunch travelog workaholic motel telex四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. 1. childhood 2. act 3. prettier 4. luck 5. performances62. 1. confidence 2. ability 3. impatient 4. succeed 5. achievement63. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused 4. director 5. movement64. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful 5. slip65. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished五、简答题（略）……。

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案

《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(45％)1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．They are_____.A．primary and secondary B．Central and peripheralC．diachronic and synchronic D．Formal and functional2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.A．absolute and relative B．Absolute and completeC．relative and near D．Complete and identical4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and FrenchC．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme．A．formal B．Concrete C．free D．bound6．Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleatC．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notesC．language notes D．all of the above8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related toA．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring wordmeaning．A．eight B．Six C．seven D．five11．Sources of homonyms include____.A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowingC．shortening D．all of the above12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．A．selective B．Adequate C．imperfect D．natural13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．A．morpheme B．Stem C. stemord D．compound14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．A．sufrixes B．Prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.Latin，____.A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and ScandinavianC．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish第二部分非选择题BⅡ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book．(25%)16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergois .17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a dictionary．18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or in the context to help the readers．19．Radiation and are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy．20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150to .Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms．(30%)A B( )21．skill A．back—formation( )22．babysit B．blendlng( )23．telequiz C．French origin( )24．composition／compounding D．Scandinavian origin( )25．government E．clipping( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms( )27．gent G. Germanic( )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( )30．big／small J．contrary terms英语词汇学答案1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D15.B16．extension 或generalization 17．Specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J。

lexicology2词汇学练习及答案

Test of Lexicology 2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Which words belong to the functional words ( A )A. prepositions, auxiliaries, conjunctionsB. articles, adjectives, pronounsC. adverbs, conjunctions, nounsD. prepositions, auxiliaries, verbs2. ___ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.（ C ）A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds3. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be( C ). A．affixational B．derivational C．free D．bound4. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ( C ) morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound5. Which of the following is NOT true ( B )A. A word is a soundunityB. A word has a given meaningC. A word is the smallest form of a languageD. A word can be used freely in a sentence6. The following words have derivational affixes Except________.( D )A.subseaB. prewarC.postwarD. desks7. Which of the following is not a compound ( B )A. swimming poolB. king-heartedC. greenhouseD. International8. The suffix “-tion” is a ____ suffix. ( D )A.adjectiveB. verbC.adverbD. noun9. From the sentenc es “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can see such a means of word formation as________. ( C )A.affixationB. compoundingC.conversionD. acronymy10. “mis-“ in “misunderstand” is a ____________ prefix. ( C )A．negative B. pejorative C. reversative D. locative11. Which of the following is not a major word-formation process ( D )A. CompoundingB. DerivationC. ConversionD. Coinage12. “Anti-” in “antihero” means______. ( A )A. “against”B. “unconventional”C. “of or belonging to the hypothetical world of antimatter”D. “not”13. “-able” in “fashionable” is a(an) _____ suffix. ( D )A. denominalB. deadjectivalC. deverbalD. noun-formingII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.1. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and ____derivational______affixes.2. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and ___affixes______.3. Words may fall into ___content _____words and functional words by notion.4. Generally, prefixes only modify the ___lexical meaning_____of the stem.5. Sometimes a word may undergo ____multiple______ conversion, which enables it to function as a member of several word-classes.6. Affixation can be subdivided into ____prefixation_________ and ____suffixation________.III. Term explanationpounding Compounding is a word-formation progress consisting ofjoining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.2.Derivation Derivation is generally defined as word-formationprocess by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base. Derivation may be defined as process of forming new words by the additional of word element, such as prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.3.Conversion Conversion is a word formation process whereby a word ofa certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-classwithout the addition of an affix.4.Word-formation rules The rules of word-formation define the scopeand method whereby speakers of a language may create new word.。

（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案

（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention tothe words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary whichconcentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write youranswers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。

词汇学期末考试题及答案

词汇学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的核心对象是（）。

A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词义的最小单位是（）。

A. 语素B. 词C. 短语D. 句子答案：A3. 以下哪个词属于多义词？（）A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 笔答案：C4. 词义的演变通常不包括（）。

A. 词义扩大B. 词义缩小C. 词义转移D. 词义创新答案：D5. 以下哪个词属于外来词？（）A. 沙发B. 电脑C. 汽车D. 火车答案：A6. 词义的引申通常是基于（）。

A. 词的本义B. 词的引申义C. 词的转用义D. 词的比喻义答案：A7. 以下哪个词属于同义词？（）A. 快速和迅速B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A8. 以下哪个词属于反义词？（）A. 高和矮B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A9. 以下哪个词属于成语？（）A. 马到成功B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A10. 以下哪个词属于专业术语？（）A. 电脑B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律的学科。

2. 词义的演变包括词义扩大、词义缩小和词义转移。

3. 多义词是指一个词具有两个或两个以上相关或不相关的意义。

4. 外来词是指从其他语言借用过来的词。

5. 词义的引申通常是基于词的本义。

6. 同义词是指意义相同或相近的词。

7. 反义词是指意义相反或相对的词。

8. 成语是指由四个或四个以上汉字组成的固定短语，具有特定的意义和用法。

9. 专业术语是指在特定领域内使用的具有特定意义的词。

10. 词汇的创新是指根据语言发展的需要，创造出新的词汇。

三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述词汇学的研究内容。

词汇学主要研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律，包括词的构成、词义的演变、词的分类、词的用法等方面。

2. 简述词义演变的类型。

词汇学期末复习题及答案

Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 1Part I Multiple choices.1.The definition of a word includes ___________.A. a minimal free form that can function aloneB. a unit of meaningC. a sound unityD. all of the above2. A word is _______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning andsyntactic function.A. a minimal free formB. a smallest meaningful unitC. an element which can not be further analyzedD. a grammatically minimal form3.The Indo-European language family consist of________.A. all the languages in Europe and IndiaB. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe.C. most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East4.The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always ______.A. logicalB. arbitraryC. inherentD. automatic5.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be ______.A. A highly inflected language.B. A highly developed language.C. A very difficult language.D. A language of leveled endings.6.More than one variant, which can realize some morphemes according to theposition in a word, are termed .A. phonemesB. allomorphsC. morphsD. phones7.Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships areknown as .A. morphemesB. derivational morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. suffixes8.is defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming orderivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as .A. derivation, affixationB. affixation, derivationC. derivative, affixationD. affixation, derivative9.Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separateelements, for example, .A. hot dogB. red meatC. flower potD. fat head10.is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and soon while belongs to language, so is restricted to language use.A. meaning, conceptB. concept, meaningC. sense, referenceD. reference, sense11.When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded oftheir family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has _______.A. collocationsB. connotationsC. denotationsD. perorations12.Which of the following belongs to a semantic field?A. steed, charger, palfrey, plug, nagB. pony, mustang, mule, stud, mareC. policeman, constable, bobby, copD. domicile, residence, abode, home13.Which group of the following are perfect homonyms?A. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used for shooting)C. bank (the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)D. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)14.The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps toexplain its meaning is called _______.A. Linguistic contextB. Grammatical contextC. Extra-linguistic contextD. Para-linguistic context15.means through all difficulties and troubles.A. through high and lowB. through thick and thinC .from head to foot D. from start to finishPart II True or false questions.1. A rule of word-formation is usually identical with a syntactic rule.2.Word-formation rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certainextent.3.Affixes like “-th” are very productive in current English.4.The chief function of prefixes is to change the word class of the stems.5.The primary function of suffixes is to change the meaning of the stem.pounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems.7.“-age, -al, -ance, -ation, -ence”in “linkage, dismissal, attendance, protection,existence” can produce largely concrete nouns by being added to verb stems.8.The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of stems.9.The free phrase has the primary stress on the first element and the secondarystress, if any, on the second.10.In both compounds and free phrases the adjective element can take inflectionalsuffixes.11.Conversion is only a change of grammatical function of a lexical item with noloss of its different range of meaning originally conveyed.12.A fully converted noun from an adjective has all the features of nouns excepttaking an indefinite article or, -(e)s to indicate singular or plural number.13.Generally, conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions can’t be converted tonouns.14.Although blends and backformed words have already achieved popularity inEnglish, they are not advisable to be used frequently in formal writing.15.Quite a number of derivational affixes have more than one meaning.16.Simple words in English are usually non-motivated.17.Lexical meaning is dominant in content words.ponential analysis has no disadvantages.19.Polysemic and homonymous words are stylistically useful to achieving humor orirony, or to heighten dramatic effect.20.In most cases, the native term is more literary than the foreign one.Part III Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Morphemes are a bstract______ units, which are realized in speech by discreteunits known as m orph_______. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme _____ is to a phone. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph.Such alternative morphs are known as a llomorphs___________.2. A word is a minimal f ree_______ form of a language that has a given sound andmeaning and syntactic function.3.Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called_empty_____ words.4.According to semantics, a word is a unit of m eaning.5.Bound morphemes include b ound roots and a ffixes.6.The most productive means of word formation are a ffixation,c ompounding and c onversion.7.Only when a connection has been, established between the linguistic sign and ar eferent, does the sign become meaningful.8.Most morphemes are realized by single words like "bird, tree, green", etc, Wordsof these kinds are called m onomorphemic words.9.With N orse invasion____, many Scandinavian words came into the Englishlanguage.10.Antonyms are classified on the basis of s emantic opposition.Part IV Explain the following terms with proper examples.1.Explain with examples morpheme, morph and allomorph2.Semantic fieldPart V Answer the following questions.1.What is collocative meaning? Give at least one example to illustrate your point.2.Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. Ifyou find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.3.Analyzes the morphological structures of the following words and point out thetypes of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisonerAnswers for Exercise 1Part I Multiple choices.1-5 DACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 BBCABPart II True or false questions.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F 10.F 11.F 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. FPart III Fill in the blanks.1. abstract, morph, phoneme, allomorphs2. free3. empty4. meaning5. bound, affixes6. affixation, compounding, conversion7. referent8. monomorphemic9. Norse invasion 10. semantic oppositionPart IV Explain the following terms1. In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. A morpheme is free if it can stand alone, or bound if it is used exclusively alongside a free morpheme.Morphs are the actual phonetic representations of the same morpheme.An allomorph is a variant form of the same morpheme, and all the morphs of the same morpheme are grouped as being the allomorphs of a morpheme. The concept occurs when a unit of meaning can vary in sound (phonologically) without changing meaning.English example:The word "unbreakable" has three morphemes: "un-", a bound morpheme;"break", a free morpheme; and "-able", a bound morpheme. "un-" is also a prefix, "-able" is a suffix. Both "un-" and "-able" are affixes.The morpheme plural-s has the morph "-s", /s/, in cats (/kæts/), but "-es", /ɨz/, in dishes (/dɪʃɨz/), and even the voiced "-s", /z/, in dogs (/dɒgz/). "-s". These are allomorphs of the same morpheme plural -s.2. The concept is from the concept of “field” in physics, referring to the clustering of a number of semantically related words. A semantic field is a set of lexemes in a named conceptual area that interrelate and define each other in specific ways. A general description is that words in a semantic field are not synonymous, but are all used to talk about the same general phenomenon. For example, the semantic field of “bugs” may include bees, spiders, moths, wasps, flies etc. According to semantic field theory a meaning of a word is dependent partly on its relation to other words in the same conceptual area. The kinds of semantic fields vary from culture to culture.Part V Answer the following questions.1. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty handsome.2. The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.（1）it is ambiguous（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves2）police stop people drinking（4）improvement1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.3. Morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. The morphological analysis of the three words are as follows:1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable (un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2) Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3) All the rest un-,-able, inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.Supplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 2Part I Multiple choices.1.From the phrase “ a white paper”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper”here is “document”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational2.The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor3.Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effectsA. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above4.Which of the following statements is Not correct?A. A word can be formed by two free morphemesB. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morphemeC. A word can be formed by two bound morphemesD. A word can be formed by any two affixes.5.In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds,which shows __________.A. the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established.B. there are different logical relations between sound and meaningC. the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of conventionD. the concepts are not really the same6.The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason an psychological reasonC. class &psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors &linguistic factors7.Old English vocabulary was in essence ________ with a small quantity of wordsborrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.A. CelticB. GermanicC. RomanD. Irish8.is the basic form of a word, which can't be further analyzed without totalloss of identity.A. StemB. RootC. MorphemeD. Affix9.is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to beused in combination with other morphemes to make words.A. Free rootB. Bound rootC. MorphemeD. Bound morpheme10.The most productive means of word-formation in modern English are thefollowing except .A. compoundingB. affixationC. acronymD. conversion11.The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of thecombined.A. morphsB. allomorphsC. rootsD. morphemes12.The relationship between the word-form and meaning is ____. Most words can besaid to be___.A. prescriptive, motivatedB. prescriptive, non-motivatedC. arbitrary, motivatedD. arbitrary, non-motivated13.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning14.“parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/successor” are ______ .A. contrary termsB. contradictory termsC. relative termsD. complementary terms15.“au revoir and Bye”is a pair of synonyms resu lting from____.A. borrowingB. dialects and regional EnglishC. figurative &euphemistic use of wordsD. with idiomatic expressions16.From the phrase “examination paper”, we know that the meaning of the word“paper” here is “a set of questions at the end of the term”. This shows that the _______ context can define the meaning of a word.A. extra-linguisticB. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational17.means damage from continuous use.A. fair and spareB. toil and moilC. wear and tearD. kith and kin18.More often than not, functional words only have .A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning19.It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______of the modern Englishvocabulary.A. 50 percentB. 50 percentC. 80 percentD. 65 percent20.Functional words do _______ work of expression in English on average thancontent words.A. far moreB. lessC. equalD. similarPart II True or false questions.1.Differences can be found between American and British English in pronunciation,spelling, grammar and vocabulary.2.When a prefix is added to a word, its word-class is usually changed.3. A special dictionary deals with one sector of the lexicon of the language.4.Words in the same semantic field do not have a number of collocations incommon.5. A word is a unity of sound and meaning, capable of performing a givensyntactical function.6.Most loan words are borrowed from foreign languages without any change insound and spelling.7.An allomorph is one of the variant forms of a morpheme.8.Conversion means the transfer of a word from one class to another.9.The relation between a word symbol and its meaning is mostly arbitrary andconventional.ponential analysis is to break down the conceptual sense of a word into itsminimal distinctive components.11.Psychological research found that vocabulary is stored redundantly only asindividual morphemes.12.In the following 2 sentences, “How long is he?”“How young are you?” , the twowords long and young are both marked.13.Idioms are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individualconstituents.14.“Diamond cut diamond.” is syntactically wrong, and should be revised into“Diamond cuts diamond.”15.Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance”, and later took on themeaning “fortunate” by analogy, because the two words look similar in shape. Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Explain with examples root, stem and base.2. Semantic motivation3. Sense and reference4. Idiom5. MetonymyPart IV Answer the following questions.1.The ‘pen' is mightier than the ‘sword'. Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' meanrespectively using the theory of motivation.2.How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation?Give examples to illustrate your point.ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of hyponymy.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.Answers for Exercise 2Part I Multiple choices.1-5 CBDCC 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 DDBCA 16-20 CCDCAPart II True or false questions.1. T 2 . F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. F 13. T 14. F 15. TPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. A root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.Thus it cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Root is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content. For example, the lexical root of “chatter” is chat.A stem is that part of a word which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. For example, photographer: photographer; destabilized: destabilizeA base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be added. It can be a root or a stem. For example,The base of “undesirable” is “desirable”; and that of “desired” is “desire”.2. Semantic Motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. For example, when we say the mouth of a river, we associate the opening part of the river with the mouth of a human being or an animal. There are basically 4 types of semantic motivation, and they are: oonomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation and etymological motivation.3. The distinction was first made by Gottlob Frege between abstract ideas and concrete objects of sensation. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is objectified by not considering particular situations and the real intentions of speakers and writers. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language. Reference refers to what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world. It deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use. Idioms are semantically united and structurally stable. For example, Kick the bucket is an idiom, meaning “to die”. Structurally, we can not say “The bucket is kick by John” while still keep its meaning stable.5. Metonymy refers to the rhetorical device in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. For example, the expression in the cradle means to be in one’s childhood, because cradle is used for the young babies and closely relatedto the young age of one.Part IV Answer the following questions.1. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.2. (1) Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases. For example, movement is f ormed by add a suffix “-ment” to the root “move”.(2) Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. For example, “edit” is created out of “editor” on the mistake n assumption that the agentive suffix.3. Hyponymy refers to the semantic relationship of inclusion, in which the meaning of more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower. The more specific words tulip and rose are called hyponyms or subordinate terms of the more general word flower. And flower is named hypernym or superordinate terms of tulip and rose. In the following 2 sentences, such a relation is indicated as follows:Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week MondaySupplementary Exercises for ME. Lexicology 3Part I Multiple choices.1. A may consist of a single morpheme as in "iron" or of twomorphemes as in a compound like "handcuff".A. stem, root, rootB. root, stem, stemC. stem, stem, rootD. root, root, stem2.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of .A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing3.Which group of the following are acronyms?A. VOA, AIDS, BASIC, D-DayB. CORE, Laser, TEFL, NATOC. G-man, BBC, BASIC, NATOD. TV, ID, TB, UFO4.Which of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.B. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs.C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.D. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.5.Which of the following is incorrect?A. “airmail” means “mail by air”B. “reading-lamp” means “lamp for reading”C. “green horn” is the horn green in colorD. “hopeless” is “without hope”6.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning7.Antonyms can be classified into three major groups except______ .A. evaluative termsB. contrary termsC. contradictory termsD. relative terms8.“win” and “gain the upper hand”，“hesitate” and“ be in two minds” are two pairsof synonyms resulting from ____.A. coincidence with idiomatic expressionsB. figurative &euphemistic use of words.C. dialects and regional EnglishD. borrowing9.The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.The structure in which the word in question appears can be called ________ context.A. situationalB. morphologicalC. lexicalD. grammatical10.means something useless and unwanted but big and costly.A. white elephantB. dark elephantC. white horseD. dark horse11.Linguistic context is also known as context.A. socialB. verbalC. LexicalD. physical12.The pronunciation of a language has changed more ______ than spelling over theyears.A. systematicallyB. arbitrarilyC. logicallyD. rapidly13.The English alphabet was adopted from _______.A. Anglo-SaxonB. the RomansC. GreekD. Sanskrit14.The first peoples known to inhabit what is now England are ________.A. Anglo-SaxonsB. French speaking NormansC. CeltsD. Jutes15.English is more closely related to ____________.A. German than French.B. French to GermanC. Welsh than GermanD. Irish than Dutch16.In the words "recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner", "re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and-er" are .A. prefixesB. suffixesC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes Part II Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as l oan_________ words.2.One of the variants realizing a morpheme is called a llomorph.3.C ompounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.4.The word meaning is made up of g rammatical meaning andl exical meaning, which itself has two components:c onceptual meaning and associative meaning.5.When a word was created, it was endowed with p rimary meaning. With theadvance of time and the development of language it took on more and mored erived meanings.6.A rgot__ refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-culturalgroups, and outsiders can hardly understand it.7.In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learningancient Greek and roman classics, which is known in history as the R enascence_________.8.Affixes can be grouped into d erivational and i nflectional affixes.9.Words do not change in morphological structure but in function, which is knownas f unctional shift.10.Synonyms can be grouped into absolute synonyms andr elative synonyms.11.The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most of the languages ofEurope, the Near East, and I ndia______.12.Old English was a highly i nflectional________ language just like modernGerman.13.The allomorphs of the plural morpheme can be realized by z ero morphas in "deer—deer", "fish—fish".14.A melioration_______ refers to the process by which words rise from humblebeginnings to position of more importance.15.Some words which are used to denote one thing but later changed to denotesomething else have experienced the process of semantic transfer/transference _____.16.Opposite to d enotative____ meaning, connotative meaning refers to the overtonesor associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.17.Martin Joos (1962) in his The Five ClocksI suggests five degrees of formality:f rozen___, formal, consultative, casual, and initimate.18.Homonyms are classified into perfect homonyms, homographs andh omophones______.19.“parent –child” is a pair of r elational______ opposites.20.Words like now/then, here/there, tomorrow/yesterday are used to refer directly tothe personal temporal or locational characteristics of a situation. They are called deictic ____ words.Part III Explain the following terms with proper examples.ponential analysis2.Explain the term connotative meaning, with examples.3.schemataPart IV Answer the following questions.1.What are the stylistic features of idioms?2.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling andpronunciation. This creates the problem of differentiation. Please design a way to distinguish the two concepts?Answers for Exercise 3Part I Multiple choices.1-5 ACBBC 6-10 BAADA 11-15 BABCA 16 DPart II Fill in the blanks.1. loan2. allomorph3. compounding4. grammatical, lexical, conceptual, associative5. primary, derived6. argot7. Renascence8. derivational, inflectional9. functional 10. absolute, relative 11. India 12. inflectional/inflected 13. zero 14. amelioration 15. transfer/transference 16. denotative 17. frozen 18. homophone 19. relational 20. deicticPart III Explain the following terms with proper examples.1. Componential analysis also called feature analysis or contrast analysis. It is a。

大学英语（二）期末考试词汇题及参考答案5则范文

大学英语（二）期末考试词汇题及参考答案5则范文第一篇：大学英语(二)期末考试词汇题及参考答案Unit 2 1.In times of economic_______, people have to tighten their belt and live a thrifty life.A.threat B.crisisC.riskD.hazard2.Our soldiers force the enemy to ______with superior firepower.A.retrieve B.reflectC.retreatD.retrospect3.He is a strong-minded person who can undertake heavy tasks at the _____ moment.A.crude B.cruelC.crucialD.crunch4.This scandal is ______ to tell against him in the coming presidential election.A.boundB.doomedC.predestinedD.foretold5.Because koalas are ______ animals, their prices are fairly expensive.A.abnormal B.weirdC.freakD.exotic 6.I chanced to _____ them speaking ill of you.A.overhearB.overheadC.overlookD.overwhelm 7.______ is an important constituent of good character.A.TimingB.PunctualityC.ProcrastinationD.Fickleness 8.______ your papers and put them in this file.A.AssembleC.AssumeD.Assure9.The whole winter the swallow remained underground, and Timmy ______ her with care and love.A.caredB.attendedC.bredD.nursed10.Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life:the ______ for love,the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind A.expectationB.pursuitC.longingD.exploration 11.I ______ from the large crowd that the speaker is very popular.A.deduce B.seduce C.reduceD.induce12.It's rude to ______ at a foreign student's mistakes in English.A.humiliateB.teaseC.mockD.provoke13.She was still totally______ in the romantic scene as if it were occurring that moment.A.preoccupied B.focused C.immersedD.devoted14.The TV station was ______ with complaints against a tasteless TV program.A.bombardedC.attackedC.jammedD.criticized15.Under current laws, those who ______ someone to end their own life can be prosecuted and jailed for up to 14 years.A.persuadeB.convinceD.abet Key: 1-5 BCCAD6-10 ABADC11-15 ACCADUnit 4 1.The polluted water can be ______ if swallowed.Police are investigating what caused the pollution.A.fatal B.severeC.devastatingD.serious2.I don't want to get involved in this argument.I’d rather stand on a(n)______ground.A.indifferentB.neutralC.objectiveD.rational3.Watch out for the monkeys!They will try to _____ a sandwich from you at a picnic.A.snatch B.robC.thieveD.grab 4.As spring approaches, the trees begin to send forth ______ buds.A.natural B.softC.gentleD.tender5.The “two ______”(of the NPC and the CPPCC)this year should focus more clearly on ways and means to overcome current difficulties and make the country even stronger, they said.A.meetings B.sessionsC.conferencesD.seminars 6.Some people jumped ______ to the conclusion that something must be wrong without doing any surveys.A.rapidlyB.rashlyC.radicallyD.rationally7.You know how I detest dancing, unless I am particularly ______with my partner.A.closeB.acquaintedC.intimate C.understanding8.George is ______ about the Chinese culture and has decided to learn Chinese in an evening school.A.nutsB.highC.addictedD.obsessed9.Joe will be a dead ______ when his wife learns what he did.A.chickenB.dogC.gooseD.duck10.In the sentence “A life without sex, kisses and cuddling is bitter for most of the ______ hearts of to day’s society.”, which of the following cannot be filled in the blank?A.desolateB.solitaryC.lonesomeD.alone 11.Each application is reviewed by a ______ of experts.A.panelB.squadC.flockD.mob 12.In the sentence “Each event lasts ______three to four hours.”, which of the following cannot be used in the blank?A.aboutB.approximatelyC.mostlyD.nearly13.His strategic mistake caused him to______ away a good opportunity.A.wasteB.missC.loseD.blunder 14.Don’t try to fool me ______ any circumstances.A.atB.inC.onD.under 15.What we ______ need is nothing but your devotion to your job.A.desperatelyB.forcefullyC.pressinglyD.imperativelyKey: 1-5 ABADB6-10 BBADD11-15 ACDDA Unit 6 1.The _____ of the woman popped into his head out of the blue.A.picture B.imageC.figureD.shape2.When I turned red under her _____, she turned away and back to her own seat.A.gazeB.glanceC.glareD, glimpse3.As a model of good manners, he has conquered any ______ fury.A.outwardB.forwardC.inwardD.backward4.Depression in urban life, tenses of ______ and moil are frequently rushed away by the so-called “Countryside Oxygen Bar”.A.toilborC.effortD.endeavor 5.They traveled thousands of miles to that mysterious kingdom in ______ of hidden treasure.A.seekB.hopeC.questD.hunt 6.What we have done to these stray animals is in full accord with the ______ spirit.A.humane B.human C.humanityD.humanistic7.In the sentence “From the bottom of my heart, I am deeply ______ to my mother school.”, which of the following cannot be used in the blank? A.IndebtedB.gratefulC.thankfulD.gratitude8.He thought it ______of me to spend so much on a jacket so early on in the college term.A.improvedB.improvidentC.improvisedD.improper 9.The matter in ______ is the ownership of the house.A.disputeB.conflictC.argumentD.controversy10.Error is often the _____ of what is correct.A.predictionB.preludeC.precautionD.precursor11.For this reason, I have decided to ______ my entire fortune to the only loyal friend that I have, Ralph.A.presentB.donateC.bequeathD.endow12.Master Chan’s ______ grows even after the other families have agreed.A.obstinacyB.obscurityC.obstructionD.obstacle 13.However, he declined to ______ anything about his diet.A.expose B.revealC.confideD.uncover 14.Despite all their differences, men and women place high value on one ______: loyalty.A.gait B.traitC.baitD.fait 15.Nothing can _____ me to do such a thing.A.enforceB.obligeC.imposepelKey: 1-5 BACAC 6-10 ADBAD 11-15 CABBD Unit 8 1.The election will take place against a ______ of increasing instability.A.backgroundB.backdropC.backupD.backland2.Some people might say that ignorance is ______ and I agree with them.A.blessing B.contentment C.delightD.bliss 3.Our aim is to establish a strong and ______ society.A.progressive B.aggressive C.offensiveD.obsessive 4.There is some excitement on the ______, but I can't tell you about it.A.cornerB.horizonC.wayD.vision 5.Colin and I ______ up on the sofa together to watch the lately hottest TV show.A.huddleB.hurdleC.cuddleD.puddle 6.I had to do a ______ take when I read what thegood professor said.A.doubleB.secondC.secondaryD.dual 7.We'd go to the cinema and I'd think we were there to watch a movie and they thought we were there to ______ and kiss.A.huddleB.hurdleC.cuddleD.puddle 8.His entire face ______ with happiness.A.shinedB.glitteredC.radiatedD.beamed9.In the sentence “Shouting can cause you to ______ dangerous amounts of dust.”, the word “inhale” is most likely close to “_____” in the following choices.A.intake B.inputC.inbreatheD.inlet 10.Most nights he will crawl up and sleep on my shoulder and ______ into my neck.A.snuggle B.struggleC.smuggleD.sniggle 11.Just draw ______ here and I'll get out.A.offB.inC.onD.up 12.In his ______My Father, the president pictured his father as a gifted man with an alcohol problem, who failed to live up to his family responsibilities.A.memorandum B.memoryC.memorialD.memoir13.She ______ searched through her husband's cell phone while he was asleep like a log.A.surreptitiouslyB.suspiciouslyC.susceptiblyD.skeptically14.As a newly ______ industry, it is no doubt that mobile payment service will have a bright future.A.risingB.appearingC.emergingD.booming15.It took them about one month to ______ out how to start the equipment.A.figureB.settleB.solveD.reflect Key: 1-5 BDABA 6-10 ACDCA 11-15 DDACA第二篇：大学英语三级考试词汇练习100题& 答案三级词汇和结构练习100题(1)BADCDACBDBACBADCDCBA(2)DACBABCDDCBACBDABDAC(3)CADBABCDACBDAD BCDCBA(4)CADBBBCCDACABBDDCDAB(5)BBAACDCBCDCCABDBAADD大学英语三级考试词汇练习100题（1）1.She is one of the newest film stars from America and has many fans, _________in Europe.A)speciallyB)particularlyC)partiallyD)specifically2.________ a little earlier this morning!I missed the school bus by only one minute and had to wait in the cold for nearly an hour.A)If only I had got upB)If I had got up C)If only I get upD)If I got up3.________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.A)Being bittenB)Had been bitten C)Having bittenD)Having been bitten4.They took________ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping in the chemical plant.A)fruitfulB)beneficial C)effectiveD)influential5.Never before that night ________ so great my responsibility was.A)I had feltB)I feltC)did I feelD)had I felt6.There was a knock at the door.It was the second timesomeone________ me that evening.A)had interruptedB)to have interrupted C)would have interruptedD)having interrupted7.There is not much time left;so I'll tell you about it _________.A)in shortB)in detail C)in briefD)in all8.Indoor heating systems have made _______ for people to live and work comfortably in a mild climate.A)possibleB)it possibleC)possible thatD)it is possible9.A railway ticket should indicate the place of departure as well as the_________ of the trip.A)advanceB)arrivalC)directionD)destination10.Over thirty coal miners were reported _________ in that shocking accident.A)to be killedB)to have been killed C)having been killedD)being killed 11.The United States is composed of fifty states,_________ are separated from the others by land or water.A)two of whichB)two of whomC)two of themD)two of those12.We are anxious to hear any information _________ his health.A)involvingB)includingC)concerningD)considering13.A good artist, like a good engineer, learns as much from ________ his success.A)his mistakes asB)his mistakes as from C)his mistakes fromD)his mistakes from as14._______ its economy continues to grow, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-time and temporary workers.A)Even thoughB)If onlyC)Now thatD)Provided that15.At such a time of crisis, we must try to _______ differences of party or class and stick together.A)set forthB)set backC)set downD)set aside16.I told the foreign guests that it was in the house ______ we used to live that the exhibition was held.A)thatB)whichC)whereD)there17.________ a choice of two jobs, the man decided to take the one which was more challenging.A)When being offeredB)When offering C)When he is offeredD)When offered18.I can't _______ her another day;she never stops complaining.A)come up withB)keep up withC)put up withD)catch up with19.The boy _________ Spanish for six years by the time he takes his examination A)has studiesB)will have studied C)has been studyingD)had studied20.A soldier should never ________ from the duty of defending his country even in the face of death.A)shrinkB)shieldC)shelterD)avoid（2）1.Only in a few countries _____ a reasonable standard of living.A)the whole population enjoyC)do the whole population enjoyB)the whole population enjoysD)does the whole population enjoy2.We have _____ to the government for a home improvement loan.A)appliedB)approached C)apologized D)appointed3._____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of English is poor.A)Were other things equalC)Other things being equalB)To be equal to other thingsD)Other things to be equal4.“May I speak to your manager Mr.Smith at four o'clcok this afternoon?”I'm sorry.Mr.Smith _____ to a conference before then.A)has goneB)will have gone C)had gone D)would have gone5.There was a large crowd in the square _____ against the Iraqwar.A)protesting B)protecting C)preventing D)promoting6.The writer has published many books, _____ are well received by the readers.A)all of whom B)all of which C)all of themD)all of these7.After a whole day of hard work I'm very tired.It's time we _____ home.A)goB)shallC)wentD)should go8.The continuous rain _____ the harvesting of the wheat crop by two weeks.A)set outB)set asideC)set offD)set back9.In those two years, Professor Brooks often had us _____ such oral presentations in class.A)didB)doneC)to doD)do10.It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.A)intensiveB)ineffective C)extensive D)expensive11._____ I admire George as an artist, I do not like him as a man.A)Only ifB)Much asC)If onlyD)As much12.The ceremony is not for the _____ of the dead, but for the comfort of the living.A)respectB)purposeC)sakeD)impression13.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _____ it helps us to correct our mistakes.A)untilB)unlessC)in thatD)in which14.We need someone really _____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.A)effectiveB)efficientC)essentialD)executive15.Some of the experiments _____ in our textbook are difficult to perform.A)to describe B)be described C)describingD)described16.Tom graduated from a famous university at a very young age.He _____ have been an outstanding student.A)mustB)couldC)shouldD)might17.Let's hang up some nice paintings on these _____ walls of the great hall.A)blankB)bareC)emptyD)vacant18.The student in glasses confessed to _____ the final English exam for another student.A)takeB)takingC)have taken D)having taken19.The idea sounds very good but will it work in _____?A)practiceB)commonC)advanceD)turn20.I like climbing mountains _____ my wife prefers water sports.A)asB)forC)whileD)when（3）1.Nowhere else in the world ______ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.A.you can findB.should be findC.can you findD.has been found2.They are trying to _______ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.A.exploitB.exhaustC.exposeD.exhibit3.Spring_______ come, we may perhaps look forward to better weather.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.having4.When she arrived, I felt bored and disappointed, because I____________ since seven o’clock.A.had waitedB.had been waitingC.were waitingD.have been waited5.When we moved to France, the children _____ themselvesto the new surrounding very well.A.adaptedB.broughtC.were waitingD.have been waited6.A survey was carried out on cheating in examinations in college all over the country, ________ were surprising.A.such resultsB.the results of whichC.these resultsD.the results of it7.The traffic was very heavy;otherwise I __________ here 30 minutes sooner.A.should have beenB.would beC.would have beenD.had been8.Over ten people died and twenty people were _________ wounded in the train crash.A.eventuallyB.urgentlyC.bitterlyD.seriously9.There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself ________.A.heardB.to hearC.hearingD.being heard10.A good many proposals were raised by the students, _____ had been expected.A.thatB.whatC.asD.so11.Do you think it is true that people ________against nuclearweapon? A.in particularB.in generalC.in commonD.in question12.__________ that he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should now help them.A.Being seenB.SeeC.SeenD.Seeing13.The teacher spoke so fast that it was hard for the students to ______ what he was saying.A.take inB.take outC.take upD.take over B.14.________ against nature for a mother to hurt her own child.A.She isB.That isC.What isD.It is15.Tom ____ the shopkeeper of overcharging him for the things he had bought.A.scoldedB.accusedC.blamedD.criticized16.Electrical energy _____ from the sun in a roundabout way is the most widely used energy eB.to comeingD.having come17.It is important to remember the saying that _______ is better than cure.A.proportionB.promotionC.permissionD.prevention18.With all this work on hand, He ______ to the cinema last night.A.wouldn’t have go neB.mustn’t have goneC.shouldn’t have goneD.needn’t have gone19.Jack was so ___ the computer game that he didn’t notice my arrival.A.gratefulB absorber inC.thoughtful ofD.associated with20.Read the book carefully, _______ you’ll find lots of information related to our research.A.andB.ifC.orD.so（4）1.The two boys had so_____ in common that they soon became good fiends.A.littleB.fewC.muchD.many2.The medicine is harmful to the children.You must put it ___ the reach of the them.A.beyond B.withinC.besidesD.beneath3.He takes a walk along the river after supper every day _____ his health.A.because ofB.for the interest ofC.for the profit ofD.for the sake of4.The first, second and third prizes went to Jack, Tom and Henry __________.A.differently B.respectively C.equallyD.particularly5.It is reported that yesterday’s traffic accident _____ the death of five passengers.A.resulted fromB.resulted inC.regarded asD.responded to6.Some information you need for writing the essay is freely _______ on the Internet.A.averageB.adequateC.availableD.abstract7.The little girl who found the ring received a generous ______ of one hundred dollars.A.awardB.priceC.rewardD.praise8.Drinking a lot of water and taking plenty of sleep are often regarded as ____ for a cold.A.operationsB.correctionsC.meansD.remedies9.The old couple decided to _____ a boy though they already had three of their own.A.adoptB.adaptC.bringD.receive10.When he was asked about the missing camera, Jimmy______ ever seeing it.A.deniedB.opposedC.refusedplained11.People in cities _______ to suffer from stress more than people in the countryside.A.turnB.inclineC.tendD.intend12.The committee has decided that the race would continue ______ the wealth.A.regardless ofB.instead ofC.by means ofD.in view of13.Everyone here, including children and old people, ______ in for sports.A.goB.goesC.goingD.to go14.Never in China ____ been interested in studying foreign languages.A.so many people haveB.have so many peopleC.did so many peopleD.have very many people15.I’ve never been to Lijiang, but it s the place_________.A.where I’d like to visit itB.that I want to visit it mostC.in which I’d like to visitD.I most want to visit16.You can go anywhere until ____ your ho mework.A.you’d finishedB.you finishC.you’ll finishD.you’ve finished17.You_________ your classmates if you had made an effort last term.A.had caught up withB.would catch up withC.would have caught up withD.have caught up with18.I’m going out to buy ____ furniture.Will you come along?A.one or twoB.a fewC.a small amount ofD.one or two pieces of19.The lab ____ next year will be advanced than the old one.A.to be builtB.builtC.being built.D.to build20.Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ________.A.to takeB.takenC.takeD.taking（5）1.Mr.Jones accepted our suggestion and tried every means to ____ himself to his new conditions A)suitB)adapt C)adopt D)regulate 2.The ____ of having one’s marriage arranged by parents has disappeared in many parts of the world but continues in some Asian and African countries A)content B)custom C)current D)context puters of this type make the home an ______ place to work in many cases.A)efficient B)effective C)affectedD)affective 4.Although it was very difficult for him to finish the task, he was ___ to ask for help.A)reluctantB)impossibleC)impatient D)reliable 5.Cindy’s parents give her everything she asks for, and as a result, she’s very much_____.A)injured B)harmed C)spoilt D)hurt 6.The old-fashioned chair in the living room has been____ in the family.It was my grandmother’s originally.A)hand over B)handed out C)handed in D)handed down 7.He told us to use our dictionaries to _____any word we didn’t understand.A)look forB)look out C)look up D)look at 8.Young children may run around and make a lot of noise.Actually they are acting ___ for their age.A)doubtfully B)appropriatelyC)convenientlyD)elementarily 9.The fierce competition in this trade gets ____of this enterprise’s development.A)by the wa y B)in a wayC)in the wayD)on the way 10.We have ____ to the government for a home improvement loan.A)appointed B)approached C)arrangedD)applied 8 11.The Americans and British not only speak the same language but also ___a large number of social customs.A)appreciate B)joinC)shareD)associate 12.In recent years, the tourist industry has ______ greatly to the development of our country’s economy.A)benefitedB)supportedC)contributedD)assisted13.It was because the applicant was too self-confident ___hefailed in the interview.A)thatB)thereforeC)soD)benefited 14.Liu Xiang was awarded a gold medal in the world championships.He ____ a lot of hard training.A)should have experienced B)must have experienced C)should experience D)must experience 15.A good writer is _____ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.A)thatB)itC)thisD)one 16.If the whole operation _____beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A)was not planned B)had not been planned C)were not planned D)has not been planned 17.We think ____impossible for them to finish their assignment in such a short time.A)itB)whatC)thisD)that 18.Dr.Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _____to arrive on the evening flight.A)is B)are going C)areD)will be 19.No sooner______ home than he was asked to start on another journey.A)Jack arrived B)Jack had arrived C)would jack arrive D)had Jack arrived 20.___ another chance, I will certainly pass the driving test.A)GiveB)GivingC)To giveD)Given第三篇：大学英语期末考试翻译题大学英语期末考试翻译题（一）中国人注重人与自然的和谐相处。

《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题

英语词汇学期末考试复习题一、单项选择题1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.A.soundsB.meaningC.formD.function【正确答案】 B2.A word is a ______ that stands for something else in the world.A.symbolB.systemC.structureD.pattern【正确答案】 A3.We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the ______ form.A.writerB.practicalC.oralD.grammatical【正确答案】 C4.In spite of the differences, at least ______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A.sixtyB.seventyC.eightyD.ninety【正确答案】 C5.Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.e frequencyB.notionC.originD.stability【正确答案】 B6.Among the feature of words of the basic word stock, ______ is the most important one that may differentiate words of common use from all others.A.all national characterB.stabilityC.productivityD.collocability【正确答案】 A7.______ belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A.JargonsB.SlangsC.ArgotsD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 B8.Native words in English are words brought to Britain in the ______ century by some German tribes.A.eighthB.seventhC.fifthD.sixth【正确答案】 C9.Which of the following words isn’t the alien?A.decorB.bazaarC.shiftD.emir【正确答案】 C10._______ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A.ArchaismsB.SlangC.ArgotD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 A11.The Indo-European language family accordingly fall into _______ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.A.eightB.sixC.fiveD.several【正确答案】 A12.The first peoples known to inhabit England were ______.A.CeltsB.RomansC.Anglo-SaxonsD.Jutes【正确答案】 A13.Old English has a vocabulary of about ______ words.A.30000 to 40000B.40000 to 50000C.50000 to 60000D.60000 to 70000【正确答案】 C14.Between 1250 and 1500 about ______ words of French poured into English.A.7000B.8000C.9000D.10000【正确答案】 Cually we regard which of the following periods as Early Modern English?A.450 to 1150B.1150 to 1500C.1500 to 1600D.1500 to 1700【正确答案】 D16.In the growth of present-day English vocabulary, there are three main sources of new words: the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of ______.A.the educational systemB.other cultures and languagesC.the government systemD.the society changes【正确答案】 B17.In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A.creationB.semantic changeC.borrowingD.reviving archaic or obsolete words【正确答案】 A18.American English like to use ______.A.creationB.reviving archaic or obsolete wordsC.semantic changeD.borrowing【正确答案】 B19.In the Eastern set, _______ and ________ are each the only modern language respectively.A.Italic, GermanicB.Armenian, AlbanianC.Celtic, HellenicD.Balto-Slavic, Into-Iranian【正确答案】 B20.The ________ is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.A.GermanicB.Balto-SlavicC.Indo-EuropeanD.Indo-Iranian【正确答案】 C21.______ is the smallest functioning unite in the composition of words.A.MorphemeB.AllomorphC.WordD.Stem【正确答案】 A22.______are abstract units.A.MorphsB.AllomorphsC.MorphemesD.All of the above【正确答案】 C23.The morpheme is to the morph what a_____is to a______.A.word / soundB.root / affixC.stem / affixD.phoneme / phone【正确答案】 D24.Bound morphemes include ______ and affix.A.stemB.rootC.bound rootD.prefix and suffix【正确答案】 C25.Words produced by conversion are primarily ______.A.nounsB.adjectivesC.verbsD.all the above【正确答案】 D26.______are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.Inflectional affixesD.None of the above【正确答案】 C27.The number of inflectional affixes is ______.A.small and changeablerge and changeableC.small and stablerge and stable【正确答案】 C28.Desire, desirable and desired are______.A.rootsB.stemsC.free rootsD.roots as well as stems【正确答案】 B29.Almost all affixes are_________because few can be used as independent words.A.free morphemesB.bound morphemesC.bound rootD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B30.A_________is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.A.free rootB.bound rootC.free morphemesD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B31._____doesn’t belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A.AffixationpoundingC.ConversionD.Blending【正确答案】 D32.Prefixes do not generally change the ____ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A.word-classB.soundC.formD.structure【正确答案】 A33.All of the following are pejorative prefixes except ______.A.mal-B.arch-C.pseudo-D.mis-【正确答案】 B34.-eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _____ nouns.A.abstractB.de-verbalC.concreteD.de-adjective【正确答案】 C35.The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.stressD.function【正确答案】 C36.The overwhelming majority of blends are ______.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.nounsD.numbers【正确答案】 C37.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ theso-called suffixes.A.removingbiningC.shorteningD.considering【正确答案】 A38.There are four common types of clipping: _______, _______, ________ and ________.A.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clippingB.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, middle clippingC.front clipping, back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clippingD.front clipping, front and back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clipping【正确答案】 A39.Some words are from characters in mythology, e. g. cherub from _______.A.CherubB.GodC.ProteusD.Mackintosh【正确答案】 A40.Stylistically, back-formed words are largely ________ and some of them have not gained public acceptance.A.formalB.adjectivesC.human nounsrmal【正确答案】 D41.Most verbs converted from adjectives have both transitive and ________ functions.A.intransitiveB.voicelessC.linkD.adjective【正确答案】 A42.Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【正确答案】 B43.Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired ______.A.referenceB.formC.connectionD.motivation【正确答案】 A44.The connection between the word-meaning and the thing it refers to is ______.A.logicalB.conventionalC.grammaticalD.formal【正确答案】 B45.Generally speaking, the meaning of ‘meaning’ is pe rhaps what is termed _______.A.conceptB.ideaC.conventionD.sense【正确答案】 D46._______ meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning.A.ConceptualB.LexicalC.SocialD.Associative【正确答案】 B47.________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.A.Connotative meaningB.Stylistic meaningC.Collocative meaningD.Affective meaning【正确答案】 D48._______, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.A.Content wordsB.Functional wordsC.Borrowed wordsD.Native words【正确答案】 B49.Black market means _______.A.‘the market black in colour’B.‘illegal selling and buying’C.‘the market having many people’D.none of the above【正确答案】 B50._____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy【正确答案】 B51.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from diachronic and ______.putationalB.historical approachC.synchronic approachparative approach【正确答案】 C52.The differences between synonyms boil down to the following except ______.A.denotationB.connotationC.applicationD.pronunciation【正确答案】 D53.______ means the stylistic and emotive colouring of words.A.PronunciationB.ConnotationC.DenotationD.Application【正确答案】 B54._______ truly represent oppositeness of meaning.A.Contradictory termsB.Contray termsC.Relative termsD.Absolute synonyms【正确答案】 A55.The basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the _______ meaning.A.firstB.derivedC.centralD.none of the above【正确答案】 C56.Absolute synonyms are_______ in natural languages.A.numerousB.rareC.popularmon【正确答案】 B57.________ deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.A.PolysemyB.HomoymyC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 D58.Which of the following is not the antonym of dull?A.sunnyB.sharpC.acuteD.fast【正确答案】 D59.________ are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.A.Contradictory termsB.Contrary termsC.Relative termsD.Antonyms【正确答案】 B60.________ is concerned with semantic opposition.A.AntonymyB.HomonymyC.PolysemyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 A61.Consequence means________.A.smallB.happinessC.expandD.result【正确答案】 D62.Among the types of word-meaning changes, ______ and narrowing are the most common by far.A.degradationB.transferC.elevationD.extension【正确答案】 D63.Extension of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 A64.Narrowing of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 B65.Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced process of semantic _____.A.extensionB.degradationC.transferD.elevation【正确答案】 C66.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of _____.A.narrowingB.extensionC.degradationD.transfer【正确答案】 C。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。

7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。

8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。

9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。

10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。

三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。

13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。

15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。

参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。

12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。

例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。

词汇学考试题2

词汇学考试题2湖北中医学院《英语词汇学》试卷适⽤专业及层次（由出卷教研室填写）：英语专业本科姓名：班级：学号：（此试卷共5页，答案请填写在答题纸上，请将最佳答案填在答题纸对应的题号下，答案填写在试卷上者答题⽆效）(09-10学年第1学期 2010.1)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is .A. logicalB. arbitrary，conventionalC. certainD. objective2. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages in the following places except .A. EuropeB. the Near EastC. IndiaD. Africa3. Words produced through affixation constitute of all the new words.A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%4.The chief function of prefixation is to .A. change meanings of the stemsB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above5. The “house” in “the peasant housed him” belongs to theconversion .A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above6.A concept has referring expressions.A. oneB. manyC. a fewD. none of the above7. The grammatical meanings of a word refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationship such as .A. part of speech of wordsB. singular and plural meaning of nounsC. tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional formsD. all the above8. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from angles.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9.In radiation，the secondary meaning of a word is derived from the primary meaning of a word by .A. transferB. extensionC. specializationD. all the above and others10. A legal term “ Alibi” signifying “plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed” now means “excuse”. This change ofword-meaning is called .A. transferB. narrowingC. extensionD. degradation11.Context clues have ones in all.A. sevenB. sixC. eightD. five12. is not the characteristics of idioms.A. TersenessB. ExpressivenessC. VividnessD. Complication13. idioms are characterized by semantic and structural stability.A. All theB. FewC. None ofD. Not all the14.Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as .A. spelling and pronunciationB. meaning and grammatical functionC. usage and etymologyD. all the above15.The main body of a dictionary is of words. （）A. pronunciationB. spellingC. definitionD. usageII . Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16. According to suffixation theory，“villager” is called denominal noun and “employer” is called noun.17. Lexical meaning and meaning make up the word meaning.18. Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly .19. Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of meaning.20. Linguistic context includes lexical context and .III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes；2）types of meaning；3）language branches and 4）features of idioms.（10%）A B21.celtic （）a. reiteration22.minibus （）b. juxtaposition23.extension （）c. narrowing24.meat（flesh of animals）（）d. alliteration25.elevation （）e. Irish26.degradation （）f . rhyme27.might and main （）g. knight（rank below baronet）28.wear and tear （）h. morphological motivation29.pick and choose （）i. churl（uncultivated or mean person）30.rain or shine （）j. mill（place where things are made）IV . Study the following words or expressions and identify1）types of bound morphemes underlined；2）types of word formations；3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idiom.（10%）31. cooked （）32. employer （）33. meeting-room （）34. record-breaking （）35. cut and dried （）36. tooth and nail （）37. to wolf （）38. telex （）39. takes（verb）（）40. home —— a dwelling place （）V. Define the following terms.（10%）41. allomorph42. blending43. adjective suffix44. connotative meaning45. motivationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the answer sheet.（12%）46. What are the differences between homonyms and polysemants？47. What are the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning？48.How does context provide clues for inferring word-meaning？VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the answer sheet.（18%）49. He is as poor as a church mouse.Pick out the idiom in this sentence，then point out its structure，grammatical function and figure of speech.50.（1）“I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.”A B C（2）“I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of senator Buckley.”A B CStudy these two sentences，and explain what relationship is between each corresponding part in the twosentences？Which sentence is better？Why？（100 Words）湖北中医学院《英语词汇学》试卷答题纸姓名：班级：学号：I. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%, 2×15)II .Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%，2×5）16．17． 18．19．20． III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B （10%，1×10）21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.IV . Study the following words or expressions and identify the types （10%，1×10）31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.V. Define the following terms. (10%, 2×5)41．42．43．44．45． VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. (12%, 4×3)46．47．48．VII. Analyze and comment on the following.（18%, 9×2）49.50.英语词汇学试卷参考答案I.1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16.deverbal 17.grammatical 18.specialized vocabulary 19.widening20.grammatical contextIII. 21.e 22.h 23.j 24.c 25.g 26.i 27.d 28.f 29.a 30.bIV. 31.inflectional affixes32.suffixes/derivational affixes33.noun compound，n + n34.adjective compound，n +v-ing35.idiom adjectival in nature/adjective idiom36.idiom adverbial in nature/adverb idiom37.conversion，noun to verb38.blending，head +head39.grammatical meaning40.conceptual meaningV.41.One of the variants that realize a morpheme.42. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.43. The suffix that is added to the stem，whatever class it belongs to，the result will be an adjective.44. Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.45. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.VI.46.（1）Homonym refers to different words which happen to share the same form and polysemant is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings.（2 分）（2）Homonyms are from different sources. A polysemant is from the same source.（1 分）（3）The various meanings of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning. Meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another.（1 分）47. 要点：（1）Historical reason，ideas，scientific knowledge and so on. Change in the course of time. word-meaning also changes.（2 分）（2）Class reason. Different classes have different languages and attitudes.（1 分）（3）Psychological reason. People change word-meaning owing to various psychological motives.（1 分）48. 要点：Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows：（1）Definition（2）Explanation（3）Example（4）Synonymy（5）Antonymy（6）Hyponymy（7）Relevant details（8）Word structureVII.49.（1）The idiom is “as poor as a church mouse”.（2 分）（2）Its structure is：as+ a+ as+ n.（3 分）（3）Its grammatical function：adjective idiom as predicative in this sentence.（2 分）（4）simile（2 分）50.（1）The relationship between corresponding parts is hyponymy.（3 分）（2）Subordinates are used in sentence（2），thus sentence（2）is better. Subordinates are concrete，precise and vivid.（6 分）。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "breakfast" is derived from:A. LatinB. Old EnglishC. GreekD. French答案：B2. Which of the following words is a compound word?A. TelephoneB. BicycleC. ComputerD. All of the above答案：D3. The word "kindergarten" is borrowed from:A. GermanB. ItalianC. SpanishD. French答案：A4. Which of the following is an example of a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. CatalogD. Interview答案：A5. The term "morpheme" refers to:A. A wordB. A syllableC. A meaningful unit of languageD. A sound答案：C6. The word "mouse" can be analyzed as:A. A single morphemeB. A compound wordC. A prefix and a rootD. A root and a suffix答案：A7. Which of the following words is a blend?A. MotelB. BrunchC. InfomercialD. All of the above答案：D8. The process of adding a suffix to a root to form a new word is called:A. DerivationB. InflectionC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A9. The word "unbelievable" is formed by:A. PrefixationB. SuffixationC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A10. The word "run" can have several meanings, which is an example of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of changing a word's form to express tense, mood, or number is called ________.答案：inflection2. A word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings is called a ________.答案：homograph3. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is known as a ________.答案：morpheme4. A word that is formed by combining two or more words is called a ________.答案：compound5. A word that is formed by adding a prefix to a root is called a ________.答案：prefixed word6. The study of the history of words and the way they change over time is known as ________.答案：etymology7. A word that is formed by adding a suffix to a root is called a ________.答案：suffixed word8. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called ________.答案：clipping9. A word that is formed by combining parts of two or more words is called a ________.答案：blend10. The process of creating a new word by changing the form of an existing word is called ________.答案：conversion三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a prefix and a suffix.答案：A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginning of a root to form a new word with a different meaning, such as "un-" in "unbelievable". A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a root to form a new word, often changing thepart of speech or adding a specific meaning, such as "-ness"in "happiness".2. What is the role of a morpheme in the structure of a word? 答案：A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be a word by itself or part of a word.It can be a root, which carries the core meaning, or an affix, which modifies the meaning or function of the root.3. Describe the process of word formation through blending.答案：Word formation through blending involves combiningparts of two or more words to create a new word. This process results in a word that is shorter and often more convenientto use, such as "brunch" from "breakfast" and "lunch".。

词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)

名词解释（10选5，一个4分）词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word.词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time.同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation)完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning.同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning.同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning.同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words.反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.上下义关系=Hyponymy is the sense relationship that relates words hierarchically. The underlying observation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity.问答题（6选3，一题10分）1.(1)What does onomatopoetic motivation mean?(2)What does semantic motivation mean?(3)Dose it contradict the statement that there is no naturalconnection between sound and meaning?Answer:(1)Onomatopoeic motivation means defining the principle ofmotivation by sound.(2)Semantic motivation means that motivation is based onsemantic factors.(3)Facts have proved this argument to be valid. Words thatconvey the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròu. Alternatively, the same phonological forms may convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.)2.How many kinds of meaning are there in English?Answer: There are 8 kinds of meaning in English, including grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, denotative meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning, social (stylistic) meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning.3.(1)What is context?(2)What role dose context play in linguistic communication?（以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）Answer:(1)Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items thatprecede or follow a given word. And there is linguistic context, refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or whole books in which a word appears. And extra-linguistic context, which refers to a particular time, space, or culture in which a word appears. There also is lexical context: the lexemes that co-occur with the word in question. The meaning of the word is affected or determined by the neighboring lexemes.(2)Context can function as followed: eliminating ambiguity;conveying emotional overtones; indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word.4.5.(1)What are the major types of synonymy?(2)(3)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)In general, English synonyms can be divided into two types:complete synonyms and relative synonyms.(2)Absolute synonyms are words whose meaning is fullyidentical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in meaning. For example: （例子自己找）(3)Relative synonyms refers to which denote different shades ofmeaning or different degrees of a given quality. This kinds of synonyms are the same in some degree such as （例子自己找）6.(1)What are the major types of antonymy?(2)(3)(4)(5)Explain those types with examples.Answer:(1)There are four types of antonymy, including complementaries,gradable antonyms, relational opposites and semantic incompatibles(2)Complementaries refer to pairs of words that represent aneither/or relation. （例子找书去）(3)Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scalerunning between two poles or extremes. The two opposites are gradable. （例子找书去）(4)The substitution of one member for the other does not changethe meaning of a sentence if it is accompanied by the change of subject and object. （例子找书去）(5) The words in a group of semantic incompatibles are incontrast to the other members of the group, showing a contrastingness relationship between word and word （例子找书去）7.What are the possible causes of language change?(由于网上答案太泛，思路混乱，因此直接将课本原话翻译过来作为答案。

词汇学语言考试题及答案

词汇学语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的系统、结构和变化规律的学科，它属于：A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 语义学答案：C2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的内容？A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的分类C. 词汇的演变D. 语音的发音答案：D3. 词汇学中，词根是指：A. 词的基本意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A4. 以下哪个词是由两个词根组成的？A. 苹果B. 汽车C. 电脑D. 葡萄答案：B5. 词汇学中的“同义词”指的是：A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 意义完全不同的词答案：B6. 在词汇学中，“反义词”是指：A. 意义相近的词B. 意义相反的词C. 意义相同的词D. 意义不相关的词答案：B7. “词汇化”是指：A. 词汇的创造过程B. 词汇的消失过程C. 词汇的演变过程D. 词汇的分类过程答案：A8. 词汇学中的“语义场”是指：A. 词的发音范围B. 词的书写范围C. 词的意义范围D. 词的使用范围答案：C9. 词汇学中，“多义词”是指：A. 只有一个意义的词B. 有两个或两个以上意义的词C. 没有意义或意义不明确的词D. 意义完全相反的词答案：B10. 词汇学中的“同音词”是指：A. 发音相同的词B. 意义相同的词C. 书写相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 词汇学中的“词缀”是指附着在词根上，用来构成新词的________。

答案：语素12. “派生”是指通过添加________来创造新词的过程。

答案：词缀13. “合成”是指通过合并________来创造新词的过程。

答案：词根14. “词汇变化”包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移15. “词汇的语义变化”是指词义的________、________和________。

英语词汇学期末考试试题及参考答案

XX大学XX学年第X学期期末考试X学院一般考试《英语词汇学》试题(A)适用专业：适用年级：PART I Multiple Choice (10x3=30 Points)Directions: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（1)Which pair of words is an illustration of Degradation [ ]A. lewd ignorantB. silly foolishC. last pleasureD. knave boy（2)In literal works, Writers often use homophones to create puns for desired effects of ( )A. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above（3)The Meaning of a word changes in the following four ways: _____. ()A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation（4)In rhetoric, the use of one name for that of another associated with it is called _____. [ ]A. simileB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor（5)Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example [ ]A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"（6)Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. rulesC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure（7)In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation（8)As a branch of linguistics, lexicology studies:A. the grammatical system of a languageB. the phonemic structure of a languageC. the historical development of a languageD. The vocabulary of a language（9). Morphemes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound morphemesB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational morphemes（10)Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. ZooII. Blank filling (5x3=15)Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.III. Semantic Feature Analysis (5x3=15)Directions: Characterize the following lexical items, using the three binary semantic features: [± Male] [±Adult ] [±Human ]（16).Man（17).woman（18).boy（19).girl（20).cowIV. Word Formation Analysis (5x2=10)Directions: Study the following words and expressions and analyze the internal structure of them by the identification of 1) types of morphemes;2) types of word formations (5x2=10)（21). headache（22). likely（23). preview（24). Smog（25). editV. Q&A(2x15=30)Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（26)What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point. （27)What is the relationship between meaning and sound? Give one example to illustrate your point.XX大学XX学年第X学期XX专业英语词汇学课程期末考试试题X卷参考答案I Multiple Choice（10*3=30 ）1-5 ADABB 6-10 DBADBII Blank Filling (5*3=15 )（11）The primary meaning （12）The derivative meaning（13 ）Metaphor （14）Motivation（15）degenerationⅢSemantic Feature Analysis (5*3=15 )[ Adult ] [Human ]（16) .Man + +（17) .woman + +（18) .boy _ +（19) .girl _ +（20) . cow + _IV. Word Formation Analysis (5*2=10 )（21) . headache head ache composition（22) . likely like ly derivation（23) . preview pre view derivation（24) . smog smoke fog blending（25) . edit edit or backformationV. Q&A（2*10=20 Points ）Key points（28）Collocative meaning is different from the meaning listed in a dictionary.it consists of the association that a word acquired on account of meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.For example,Pretty and handsome share common ground in the meaning “good lo oking” but may be distinguished by the range of nouns with which they are likely to co-occur.Pretty girl handsome boyPretty boy handsome man（29）The relation between name and meaning is still a controversial issue. Some linguists believe, the relation is arbitrary. Others holds that meaning is motivated. Both theories have strength and meaning.XX大学XX学年第X学期XX专业英语词汇学课程期末考试试题X卷评分标准本次考试试卷共包括五部分，题型为客观题和主观题相结合，卷面成绩共计100分。

英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)

《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、单选题1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists8. Most English words are _________ symbols.A. definiteB. arbitraryC. infiniteD. hereditary9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words.A. nationalismB. anthropologyC. linguisticsD. motivation10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words.A. onomatopoeicB. similarC. naturalD. symbolic11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym15.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym16. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix17. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix18. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix19. Any root or stem can be termed as a _______.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix20.A _______ is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix21. The wo rd “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction22.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation23.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation24.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation25.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation26. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD27. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD28. The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is known as _________.A. Ancient EnglishB. Primordial EnglishC. Contemporary EnglishD. Middle English29. The English language from 1500 AD to the present is called ________ .A. Ancient EnglishB. Old EnglishC. Middle EnglishD. Modern English30. Which of the following is not a phase in the development of the English language?A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Contemporary English31.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words32. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words33. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words34. The word “base” meaning “the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words35. The word “son” meaning “one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words36. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy37. When many pairs or groups of words which are different in meaning are pronounced alike or spelled alike, or both, such words belong to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. polysemy38.When words are identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called ________ .A. homophonesB. homographsC.homoformsD. homogenes39. ________ is the most common cause of homophones.A. semantic divergenceB. phonetic convergenceC. shorteningD. foreign influence40. When words are involved in the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter, the words belong to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy41.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension42.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension43.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension44.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension45. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition46. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning47. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning48. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning49._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning50. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning二、名词解释题51. proverbabsolute synonym52. function wordsonomatopoeic words53. homonymydegradation54. metaphorprefixation55. polysemyelevation of meaning三、Word-building processes56. IOC VIP fire-proof ad auto plane CIA BBC ID record-breaking raindrop newscast brunch botel motel beautility champ dorm steamboat honeybee57. sit-in TB phone shoulder-high bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom gym taxi memo vet TEFL SALT dropout setback UN OPEC crystal-clear58.round-the-clock NATO sci-fi telex proof-reader schoolboy chute bus copter PE ASEAN NASA TOEFL air-conditioning lion’s share dozer plane airtel faction lunarnaut59.sea-green flowerbed VOA bike fridge medicare Motown hi-fi tec scope quake NBC EPA UNESCO H-bomb air-tight silkworm peace-loving slimnastics docudrama60.morning person ROM CD flu brunch travelog workaholic motel telex nark pop biz math VCR sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting ABC RAM四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times a week at our little local theatre.62. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATIENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”63. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.64. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the other side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.65. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in ____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.五、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. C2. C3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. B9. D10. A11. C12. C13. C14. C15. C16. A17. C18. B19. C20. B21. D22. A23. A24. B25. D26. B27. A28. D29. D30. D31. C32. C33. B34. B35. A36. D37. C38. A39. B40. A41. C42. B43. A44. D45. D46. A47. C48. B49. C50. D二、名词解释题51. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / The early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.52. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.53.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident54. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart55. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd三、Word-building processes56. compounding: fire-proof record-breaking raindrop steamboat honeybee acronymy: CIA IOC VIP BBC IDclipping: ad auto champ dorm planeblending: newscast brunch botel motel beautility57. compounding: sit-in dropout setback shoulder-high crystal-clearacronymy: TB UN OPEC TEFL SALTclipping: phone gym taxi memo vetblending: bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom58. compounding: round-the-clock air-conditioning proof-reader schoolboy lion’s share acronymy: NATO PE ASEAN NASA TOEFLclipping: chute bus copter dozer planeblending: sci-fi telex airtel faction lunarnaut59. compounding: sea-green flowerbed air-tight silkworm peace-lovingacronymy: VOA NBC EPA UNESCO H-bombclipping: bike fridge tec scope quakeblending: slimnastics docudrama medicare Motown hi-fi60. compounding: morning person sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting acronymy: ROM CD VCR ABC RAMclipping: flu nark pop biz mathblending: brunch travelog workaholic motel telex四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. 1. childhood 2. act 3. prettier 4. luck 5. performances62. 1. confidence 2. ability 3. impatient 4. succeed 5. achievement63. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused 4. director 5. movement64. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful 5. slip65. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished五、简答题（略）……。

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