湖南成人教育学位英语【语法】重点详细解析(一)

学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习一、选择题1．—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ________ .A．didn’tB．hadn’tC．haven’tD．don’tB【答案】B【详解】考查虚拟语气及省略。

句意：—今天早晨雨下得很大。

很高兴我们带了雨伞。

—是的，如果我们没有带伞，全身都会湿透的。

分析句子可知，表示对过去发生的事情的虚拟，if从句里要使用过去完成时“had done”，主句部分使用“情态动词+have done”，B项承前省略了taken an umbrella。

故选B项。

2．The company can choose the right product to produce, _______ expected to be most popular with consumers.A．one thatB．whichC．itD．the oneD【答案】D【详解】考查代词。

句意：这家公司可以选择生产正确产品，这种产品有望受到消费者的欢迎。

A. one that一个；B. which关系代词；C. it它；D. the one那个。

结合句意可知，此处可选择the one指代前文的the product，后面的expected to be most popular with consumers.作为the one的后置定语，故选D项。

3．（2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A．regardB．is regardedC．are regardedD．regardsB【答案】B【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。

成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲
成人学位英语考试重点短语语法精讲
1.a group of 一群……
【例句】A group of visitors are visiting Summer Place.
一群游客正在参观颐和园
【总结】a group of属介词短语，后接可数名词。

2. a kind of
一种
【例句】This is a new kind of car. 这是一种新式的汽车。

几分
【例句】She has a kind of genius. 她有几分天才。

【总结】a kind of常可表示不确定的`“某种类似”的意思。

3.a knife and fork 一副刀叉
【例句】There is a knife and fork on the table. 桌子上有一副刀叉。

【总结】a knife and fork作主语谓语用单数。

用and 连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数; 表示同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。

4.(a) lack of 缺乏
【例句】Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.
紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。

5.a large quantity of 大量
【例句】A quantity of baskets were on sale. 大量篮子在出售。

【总结】a quantity of +不可数名词，谓语只用单数，quantities of +可数与不可数名词，谓语要用复数。

湖南成人教育学位英语【句子翻译】考点详解
1、时态
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。

因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语中一共有16个时态，最常用的5个时态是一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时。

考查重点是与完成时态有关的各种时态。

下面对重点时态加以讲解。

1）现在完成时态
现在完成时态有两种用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常和already, yet 等状语连用。

表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常同表示一段时间的状语连用，如this week/month/year, in the past few /weeks/months/years, during the past few /weeks/months/years, these days, so far, up to now。

时间状语也可以是since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。

◆我姐姐结婚五年了。

需要注意的是在“this is the first/ second/ third…time that…”句型里要求用完成时。

◆这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。

2）过去完成时
过去完成时也有两种用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态；表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作，常和for或since 构成的时间状语连用。

成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习要点一、考试题型：词汇与语法、完形填空、阅读、翻译、写作二、语法结构表（Grammar Category）1、名词的复数形式和所有格（1）名词的复数形式名词的规则复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加－s或－es；名词的不规则复数形式不是以词尾加－s或－es构成，其构成方法需要记忆：e.g. foot－feet man－men tooth－teeth woman－women（2）名词的所有格名词的属格表示所属关系，它有两种不同的形式：一是由名词末尾加’s构成（有-s或-es的复数名词末尾只加’）；二是由介词of加名词构成。

前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。

如：e.g. Uncle Tom’s Cabin the two boys’ mother the title of the book·几个词作为一个单位时，’s应加在最后一个词的末尾e.g. the Queen of England’s throne·表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加’s，如不是这样，仅在最后一词末尾加’s，即表示他们共同的所有关系。

试比较：John and Susan’s desk（约翰和苏珊共用的书桌）John’s and Susan’s desk（约翰和苏珊各自的书桌）·’s属格后的名词如指商店、家宅等地点时，该名词也常省略：e.g. at the doctor’s（在诊所）to my uncle’s（到我叔叔家）2、人称代词/物主代词/反身代词（1）人称代词主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them（2）物主代词形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs（3）反身代词（指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身，表强调或加强语气）myself, yourself, himself, herself. Itself, ourselves; yourselves, themselves, oneselfe.g. Please help yourself to some tea.I want to speak to the director himself.3、句子和句子成分Sentence是具有主语部分和谓语部分并有完整意义的可以独立的一组词。

第一节动词的时态一、一般现在时：1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作,而主句则用一般将来时态.例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实,常常用一般现在时态.例：Theearth is round.地球是圆的.二、一般过去时：区分三个短语的用法：1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事.2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事.3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事.三、一般将来时：1、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作.例：The Third-Ring Road isto be open to traffic before National Day.2、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作.例：The lecture is about tobegin.讲座即将开始.3、一些表示动作趋势,如开始、终结,以及一些表示动作方向,如往来的动词,常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情,这类动词常见的有如：start, go, leave, come, arrive等.例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京.四、进行时态：重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法.When表示时间上的点,在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时…”,主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当…时”,该从句用进行时态.例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.五、现在完成时：重点区分havehasbeen to：某人去过某地,表示一种经历,强调状态,可以和once, twice, often, never, ever连用；Havehas gone to：某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,强调动作.此句型不能与上述时间状语连用.例：He has gone to America.他已经去了美国.He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次.六、过去完成时：1、强调一个动作发生在另外一个过去的动作之前时,用过去完成时.2、It was the first/second/last time that…,在该句型,that从句用过去完成时态.七、将来完成时：常常标志性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一个表示将来时间段的时间状语,主句用将来完成时态.第二节感官动词、使役动词的用法及英语中常考的两个句式结构一、感官动词的用法及其被动语态：在英语中,常见的感官动词有“五看二听一感觉”see、watch、look、notice、observe；hear、listen to；feel,在主动语态中用动词原形或现在分词作宾补,如see sb do/doing sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.二、使役动词的用法及其被动语态：在英语中,常见的使役动词有make、let、have,在主动语态中用动词原形做宾补,如make sb do sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 两种形式都表示使/让某人做某事的意思.例：We were made to study hardy.我们被要求努力学习.三、英语中常考的句式结构一：sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要…=sthneed/want/require to be done此句式主语为物例：My room is a mess. It needs tidying up整理.四、英语中常考的句式结构二：have/get sth done 请/让别人做某事have/get后接宾语为物例：I have taken many photos. I’m going to get the film developed.五、情态动词的被动语态,其构成为：情态动词+be+过去动词.例：The work must befinished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完.第三节情态动词常见的情态动词有can、could；may、might；must、need；should；ought to,对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容,一是情态动词用于推测句型,二是情态动词用于虚拟语气该部分的讲解放在虚拟语气一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有：1、Can/may do sth：表示对现在内容的可能性的推测；2、Must do sth：表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测.二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型：1、can/may have done sth：表示对过去内容的可能性；2、must have done sth：表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测.例：1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.2/ I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.第四节虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设,由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成.一、虚拟语气的基本内容根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同,虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：例：1、I wouldn’t talk that way if I were Peter.2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great dealof time and money would have been lost3、Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if shewere to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.5、Do you think there would be less conflict战斗、斗争 in the world ifall people spoke the same language.6、If Bob had come with us,he would have had a good time.二、if的省略形式又称虚拟语气的倒装结构在if虚拟条件从句中,如果谓语部分包含were,should,had等词,则可以把这些词放到主语前,省略if,构成虚拟语气的倒装结构.三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成当虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时,要根据各自表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气的构成形式.例：1、If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would know what happened now.2、If you had taken our advice at that time, you would not be in trouble now.四、主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成在英语中存在一些动词,表示建议、命令、要求等主观的倾向,由这些动词引导的that宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.这类常见的主观倾向性动词有“一坚持、二命令、三建议、五要求”,分别是：一坚持：insist 二命令：order、command 三建议：suggest、advisen advice、propose提议、建议五要求：ask、demand、require、request、desire例：1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have an operation right away so as to save his life.2、His mother insisted that he put on the coat when going out.同时,如果在题干中出现上面这些主观倾向性动词的名词和形容词形式,题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.考试中常见的词汇有：order,command,suggestion,advice,proposal,demand,request,desire,advis able,desirable.五、wish that…和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成Wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句都用虚拟语气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望,其中wish that句型往往翻译为：多么希望 (i)only表示的愿望较wish that更强烈,常翻译为但愿；要是…就好了.两者的用法基本相同.两者的用法是：1、当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：did/were；2、当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：had done；3、当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：would do.六、would rather引导的虚拟语气的构成Would rather的意思是“宁愿、宁可”其引导的宾语从句一般省去that通常用虚拟语气表示一种与事实相反的假设.我们可以假设A、B是两个人,通过牢记一下句式来记住其用法：1、A would rather B did sth：表示与现在或将来事实相反的一种假设.2、A would rather B had done sth:表示与过去事实相反的一种假设七、It is high time that…句型中虚拟语气的构成It is high time that…句型表示“早该是…的时候了”,在that从句中,谓语动词一般用did例：1、It’s high time we did something to stop traffic accident.2、Don’t you think it is time you gave up smoking八、in case、lest、for fear that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成in case、lest、for fear that引导的目的状语从句,表示忧虑或担心,翻译为“以防万一…”,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.例：1、Written applications should be sent to us in case there be some problems with the electric version.2、I wrote it down in case I should forget it.九、含蓄虚拟语气的构成虚拟条件句有时不是通过if虚拟条件从句明显地表达出来,而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中,这种情况称作含蓄虚拟语气.经常标志性地用于含虚拟语气的介词、副词有：without要是没有,but for要不是,otherwise否则,要不然.只要见到这几个词,所要选择的虚拟语气的构成多用would have done形式.例：1、Without your help, we would not have achieved so much.2、But for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday.十、as if,as though引导的虚拟语气的构成As if,as though翻译为“好像”,谈论的往往是不可能或不真实的情况,他们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词采用的形式和wish that句型中谓语动词采用的形式相同.十一、it is+形容词+that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成在it is+形容词+that引导的从句中,如果该形容词表示“重要的、必须的、强制的”、者“惊奇的、令人不满的”,that从句中的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.1、用于表示“重要的、必须的、强制的”的形容词常见的有：important、vital极重要的、critical决定性的、crucial决定性的、necessary、essential必不可少的、urgent、compulsory,obligatory必须的,imperative必要的、紧急的2、用于表示“惊奇的、令人不满的”的形容词常见的有：strange、surprising、amazing,unthinkable、odd奇怪的、incredible不可信的,不能相信的、ridiculous.十二、虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合一句话中,句子的一部分采用虚拟语气的构成形式,另一部分则采用与事实相对应的某一种时态,这样就形成了虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合的现象.在这种情况下,最为常见的一个词是but,一般情况下在虚拟与不虚拟相混合的句子中,由but引起的句子选择与事实相对应的某一种时态,而不采用虚拟语气的构成形式.例：I would have come earlier, but I didn’t know you were waiting.我本来可以早些到,但我不知道你在等我.十三、情态动词用于虚拟语气记住以下句式及其含义：1、should/ought to have done sth本来应该做某事而未做2、should not have done sth / ought not to have done sth 本来不应该做某事而做了3、need have done sth：本来需要做某事而未做4、need not have done sth 本来不需要做某事而做了5、could have done sth 本来能够做某事而未做6、could not have done sth 本来不能够做某事而做了7、might have done sth 本来可以做某事而未做8、might not have done sth 本来不可以做某事而做了第五节非谓语动词一、动词不定式动词不定时的基本结构和用法1、动词不定式的基本结构及其否定式2、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成.在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语.例：1Good-bye, Mr. Wang. I’m pleased to meet you.2 Encouragement through praise is the most effective method ofgetting people to do their best.3、动词不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语一般情况下是动词不定式前面的名词是不定式所表示的动作的对象或动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式.例：1Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house to be decorated so well.2The ability to be clearly heard is very important for any speaker.4、动词不定式的完成式当不定式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前时,用动词不定时的完成式.例：1Judging from his manner at the party, he doesn’t seem to have received much education.2The book is said to have been translated into several languages up to now.5、动词不定式的复合结构如果需要指出不定式所表示的动作的发出者即逻辑主语时,要再不定式前用for加名词或代词表示.例：1It was very difficult for me to learn Spanish.2It is necessary for you to hand in the papers immediately. 6、同一动词接不定式和动名词的区别英语中有些动词既可以接动词不定式,又可以后接动名词,但是两种形式所表达的意思却是截然不同的.考试中常见的形式有：Stop to do：停下来去做另外一件事情 stop doing：停下正在做的事情Go on to do：继续去做另外一件事情 go on doing：继续做正在做的事情Try to do：尽力去做某事 try doing：尝试去做某事Mean to do：打算做某事 mean doing意味着某事Remember to do：记得要去做事情 remember doing：记得曾经做过某事Forget to do：忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事Regret to do：不得不去做某事 regret doing 后悔曾经做过某事例：1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently to rest.2、Men will never stop searching for new ways of getting new energy.3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to goon talking like that4、Don’t forget to close the window before leaving the room.二、动名词动名词即动词ing形式,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和定语.1、动名词的基本形式例：1、Arriving for the lecture early is better than taking the chance of being late.2、At school Li Ming ran into many problems, such as choosing classesand handling his time.3、Finding answers to these questions is something like a detectivestory.2、英语中后接动名词的常见动词有：Admit、appreciate、avoid避免、consider、delay、deny否认、拒绝、enjoy、escape、finish、imagine、miss、practice、risk、suggest等.例：We shall appreciate hearing from you soon.3、英语中接动名词的常见词组有：Be accustomed to doing惯常的,习惯于、be used to doing过去习惯,devote to doing把…奉献、专用、feel like doing、look forward to doing、object反感 to doing、can’t help doing、have trouble indoing、have difficulty doing、have a hard timedoing等.4、英语中后接动名词的常见形容词有：Be busy doing,be worth doing等.5、英语中后接动名词的常见名词有：There is no use doing、there is no point意义doing、there is no gooddoing、 there is no need doing6、动名词的否定式动名词的否定式是在动名词前面直接加not.例：John suggested not saying anything about it until they found out more facts.7、动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词.例：1、He forgot about my asking him to attend my wife’s birthday party.2、I object to his making private calls on the office phone.我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话8、动名词的完成时当动名词表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前时,用动名词的完成时.例：1、I don’t remember having ever said that.2、I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做了这样的事.9、动名词的被动式例：1、No one avoid being influenced by advertisements.2、Susan was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.三、分词1、现在分词的具体形式：过去分词的形式：done2、现在分词和过去分词的区别以及分词在句子中的语法功能1、现在分词与过去分词的区别主要体现在语态和时态上.在语态上,现在分词表示主动的意思,即现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主动关系现在分词表示的动作是句子的主语发出来的；过去分词表示被动的意思,即过去分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是被动的关系句子的主语是过去分词表示的动作的承受者,或者可以说过去分词表示的动作所针对的对象是句子的主语；在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动作已经完成.简而言之,现在分词表主动、表进行；过去分词表被动、表完成.这一原则要牢记.2、分词在句中的语法功能：分词在句子中可以做状语、补足语、表语和定语.其中分词作状语的用法最为常考.3、分词的否定式实在分词的前面加not.例：1、Seeing on the top of hill, we find that the village seems very small.现在分词表主动做伴随状语.2、Seen from the top of hill, the village seems very small.过去分词表被动做伴随状语.3、She was sitting in an armchair reading a book. 现在分词表主动做伴随状语.4、Damaged in the war, the bridge needs repairing now.过去分词表被动做伴随状语.5、Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work aswell.现在分词的否定式表主动做原因状语.6、We kept our fire burning all night to frighten the wolves.现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行.4、两个经常考查的用过去分词形式做状语的词是convince和compare.例：They all returned to the village convinced that the dangerwas over.5、现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词的区别：在语法功能上,他们都可以做定语和表语,但是以ed形式结尾的形容词修饰人,以ing形式结尾的形容词修饰物.例：1、She told me that it was the most delighting gift herdaughter had received.2、My parents are pleased with my progress.6、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：现在分词的被动式being done表示在进行着的被动,过去分词done表示完成了的被动.例：1、The interviewer should take down notes at the moment theperson being interviewed answers the questions.2、Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship beingloaded with all kinds of goods.现在分词的被动式3、We found the eggs eaten by the snake. 我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了.过去分词表示动作的完成和结果3、分词与句子主语在逻辑关系上的一致性现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,分词与句子主语的逻辑关系常常是三级英语出题的知识点.例：1、Feeling tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.2、Arriving at the bus stop, he found a lot of people waiting there.4、分词的独立主格结构当句子前后两部分的主语指代事物不一致简称主语前后不一致,又需要其中一个部分作状语时,往往把该部分形成名词/代词+分词n./pron.+doing/done的形式,这种形式被称作分词的独立主格结构.在这种结构内部,当名词/代词与分词是逻辑上的主动关系时,用现在分词；当名词/代词是逻辑上的被动关系时,用过去分词.独立主格结构常做原因状语或伴随状语,是考试重点.例：1、The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.2、Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace.5、with结构作状语With结构做状语,其构成是：with+名词+现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词结构,由于经常考查with+名词+现在分词/过去分词这种形式,所以放在这里讲解,并且要明确何时用with+名词+现在分词结构,何时用with+名词+过去分词结构；如果分词与with后面的名词是主动关系,用现在分词；如果分词与with后面的名词是被动关系,则用过去分词.例：1、He walked across the meeting room with everyone looking at her.2、With the old man leading the way, we had no trouble in findingthat mysterious cave.3、With the novel published, the writer becomes a famous person.4、With the matter to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow, we leavethe company.5、With the price so high, they still determine to buy the car.6、With the book in the hand, the teacher came in the classroom. 第六节各种从句一、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句.如果一个句子在一句话中充当主语、宾语、或者表语,那么该句子就被称作主语从句、宾语从句或者表语从句.名词性从句是三级英语考试的重点,我们应该明确以下几个方面的内容：1、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句都用陈述语序,二不用疑问语序.2、应对主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的题型,我们要牢记整体性原则,即首先要保证从句的完整性,一般要添加适当的连接代词、连接副词或者从属连词使从句完整,然后才能在主句中充当主语、宾语或者表语.3、考试中常见的从属连词、连接代词、连接副词有：从属连词：that只起连接句子的作用,不具任何意义,if,whether；连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose；连接副词：when, where, how, why例：1、Who let out the news remained unknown.It remained unknownwho let out the news. 谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道.2、When we’ll start is not clear.It is not clear when we’llstart.我们何时出发还不清楚.3、What I saw two men crossing the street.4、What the press reported was not the way the event happened5、I do n’t doubt that he is telling the truth.6、Can you tell me what it is about the city that makes peoplelove it so much7、The people at the party were worried about Janet because noone was aware of where.8、He was a man of fine character in all points except that hewas rather.9、The reason I don’t go there was that I got a new job.10、This is what he wants.这就是他想要的东西.11、The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrowmorning.4、在下列情况下不能用if,而用whether1、后面直接跟or not：I wonder whether I’ll catch the last busor not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车2、引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.我们胜利也好,失败也好,对我来说都是一样的.3、后跟不定式：He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay.他没有告诉我是走还是留下.4、前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we could findthe necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题.二、定语从句在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句,被修饰或者限定的那个次叫作先行词.定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句——紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作限定性定语从句；而用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作非限定性定语从句.1、引导定语从句ude关联词包括：关系代词：that、which、whose、who、whom、as；关系副词：when、where、why关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的成分.2、which指物,who或者whom指人,whose表示所属关系,这些关系代词既可用于限定性定语从句,又可用于非限定性定语从句；that既可以指人,又可以指物,但是只能用于限定性定语从句.例：1、The company official who I thought would be fired receiveda raise.2、The investigation, whose results will soon be published,was made by john.3、An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with,telephone me from the airport.4、I don’t like the way that/in which you speak.3、关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句：如果先行词是表示时间的名词,一般用when,如果先行词是表示地点的名词,一般用where,但是也应注意例外的情况；如先行词是reason,则用why.关系副词相当于介词加关系代词.例：1、The time will come when man can fly to outer space freely.2、I will never forget the ten years which we both spent inthe little village.3、I’ll never forget the village where in which I spent mychildhood.4、I’ll never forget the village which I visited last year.5、I don’t know the reason why for which he did that.4、先行词也可以是整个句子,这时定语从句一般用which或as来引导,修饰整个句子的内容.Which一般只能置于句中或句末,而as的位置比较灵活.例：1、He has made another wonderful discovery, which I thinkis of great importance to science.2、He was awarded a gold medal, which his whole familyconsidered a great honor.3、As we all know, the earth is round.5、“名词代词+of+which/whom”意思上等于whose+名词,表示所属关系,一般出现在非限定性定语从句.例：1、We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of whichis completely water proof2、The United States is composed of fifty states, two of whichare separated from the others by land or water.6、当先行词由the same或such修饰时,关系代词用as指代前面作为先行词的人或物,形成“the same…as”,“such…as”结构.例：It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us.7、当先行词由形容词的最高级、序数词或the only/next/very等修饰时,关系代词用that而不用which.例：1、This is the most interesting film that has been shown inthis theater.2、This is the very bike that I am looking for.8、当先行词是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等时,关系代词用that而不用which.例：I couldn’t find anything that satisfies my needs.9、关系代词前带介词的定语从句：如果关系代词在定语从句中做了动词词组的宾语.有些动词词组所包含的介词可以提到关系代词的前面.例：Before her marriage, she spent a considerable相当的 timein that very part of shanghai to which she belonged.三、同位语从句常跟在fact,news,idea,hope,belief,thought,plan,evidence等名词的后面,由连词that引导的从句称为同位语从句,that在同位语从句中不做任何成文,这是与定语从句的区别,同位语从句对前面的名词起进一步解释的作用.例：1、Would the news that he failed to pass the exam bother you2、I had no idea that you were here.我没有想到你会在这里.四、状语从句在主从句复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句.常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果.一、时间状语从句常用的连词有：when,whenever无论什么时候,ever since,untilhardly…when/no sooner…than/no sooner ...than/as soonas/the moment/the minute一…就….例：1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up than itstarted raining hard.2、She has wanted to become a nurse ever since she wasa young girl.二、条件状语从句常用if,unless,as/so long as, provided that假如例：1、Unless I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.2、Unless you return those books to the library immediatelyyou will have to pay a fine交罚款.三、原因状语从句需要区别because和because of：because是连词,引导原因状语从句；because of是介词,后接名词形成介宾结构作原因状语.例：1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.他因为生病不能上学.2、He cannot go to school because of his illness.四、让步状语从句1、让步状语从句表示：尽管…,或无论…,常用though/although,as尽管,even if/though, however, wherever, whatever,whomever, no matter how/where/what/who/whom等引导.Despite、in spite of尽管.例：1、In short, wherever he lives, a man belongs to somesociety.where引导让步状语,wherever=no matter where2、Whoever you are, you must show your ticket to go intothe cinema.3Even if you disagree with her, her idea is still worthconsidering.2、as引起的让步状语从句的构成是：形容词/副词/名词/分词+as+主语+谓语动词.例：1、Young as he is, he knows what is the right thingto do.2、Child as he is, he knows quite a lot about society.3、Much as he likes her, he gets annoyed打扰with hersometimes.4、Published as it was at such a time, his book stillattracted much attention.第七节主谓一致一、名词physics物理,maths数学,news,means方法,works工厂等一般被认为形式是复数形式,意思是单数的名词,它们作主语的时候动词一般用但属性是.例：1、The news coming from different parts of the world is often extremely discouraging these days.2、Every means has been trid.二、动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例：When and where the new hospital will be built remain a mystery.三、当主语是a number+of+复数名词时,翻译为“许多…”,谓语动词用复数；当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时,翻译为“…的数目”,谓语动词用单数.例：1、The number of errors made by him was surprising.2、A number of cars are parked in front of my house.四、当主语由as well as等词修饰时的主谓一致.当句中的主语后接with,aswell as,along with,together with,including,accompanied by,but等短语+名词代词时,主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响,主语是单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式时,谓语动词用复数形式,例：1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.约翰和二十个朋友正在计划句型一个集会.。

学位英语语法考试重点第一节动词的时态：讲12种特别关注：1、一般现在时的特殊用法；2、一般过去时；3、过去进行时4、现在完成时5、过去完成时；6、将来完成时；7、现在完成进行完成时；8、过去完成进行时。

一、一般现在式：特殊用法：在时间状语、条件状语从句(if, unless)中表示将来的动作:A．时间状语(before, after, untill, as soon as, when)：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _finish_their exams. When the mixture _is heated , it will give off a powerful force.34.”When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?”“As soon as D.we complete our work for tomorrow.” (03/11试A)B．条件状语(if, unless)：We’ll go fishing if weather is good tomorrow.D。

改为is free。

when引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。

2000年试题AI can’t go to your birthday party unless my father agrees.除非我爸爸同意,否则我去不了你的生日会二、一般过去时：(要掌握常用不规则动词的过去式及过去分词形式,40个左右)1、简单陈述去过的动作或状态：would do2、used to do sth 过去常常做(现在不做了);be used to doing 习惯于做……(现在还在做)We used to swim in the river when we were in the countryside.我们过去常在河里游泳。

学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习一、选择题1．It has been announced that all the candidates ___________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A．shallB．couldC．wouldD．oughtA【答案】A【详解】考查情态动词用法。

句意：据宣布，所有的候选人都要坐在位置上，直到所有的试卷都被收齐。

根据句意可知本句是考试规则，情态动词shall可以表示“按照规则/规定/法律要做的事情”，符合本句语境。

故A项正确。

2．You can apply for a foreign university on the Internet by yourself, or ________ you can turn to a special agency which can do it for you.A．appropriatelyB．alternativelyC．additionallyD．apparentlyB【答案】B【详解】考查副词词义辨析。

句意：你可以自己在网上申请国外的大学，或者作为一种选择，你也可以求助于一个能帮你做这件事的特别机构。

A. appropriately适当地；B. alternatively作为一种选择；C. additionally此外；D. apparently明显地。

根据后文you can turn to a special agency which can do it for you.可知，此处表示“作为一种选择”符合语境，故选B项。

3．（2018·江苏）Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.A．assignmentB．associationC．acquisitionD．assumptionD【答案】D【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

成人学位英语考试语法知识考点练习附答案解析成人学位英语考试语法知识考点练习附答案解析学习外语并不难，学习外语就像交朋友一样，朋友是越交越熟的，天天见面，朋友之间就亲密无间了。

以下是店铺为大搜索整理的成人学位英语考试语法知识考点练习附答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. _______ should any money be given to a small child.A. On no accountB. From all accountsC. Of no accountD. By all accounts2. _______ some mammals came to live in the sea is now known.A. WhichB. SinceC. AlthoughD. How3. ______ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. EachB. AnyC. EitherD. One4. _______ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.A. To be givenB. Having been givenC. Having givenD. Giving5. _______ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A. ForB. NowC. SinceD. Despite6. _______ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A. During the 1960'sB. That it was in the 1960'sC. It was in the 1960'sD. It was the 1960's7. _______ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A. So clever are the construction robotsB. So clever the construction robots areC. Such construction robots are cleverD. Such clever construction robots are8. _______ that you were out, I wouldn't have bothered to come all the way at that time of night.A. If I should knowB. If I knowC. Had I knownD. Were I to know9. _______ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.A. As forB. DespiteC. ExceptD. Besides10. _______ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. To giveB. GivenC. GivingD. Having given11. ______ the fact that he was in his seventies, the old man decided to swim across the channel.A. AtB. SinceC. DespiteD. With12. _______ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In case ofB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. But for13. _______ the library _______ the bookstore has the book I need. Will you tell me where I can get it?A. Neither, norB. Neither, orC. Either, orD. Either, nor14. _______ the sight of the police officers, the men ran off.A. InB. AtC. OnD. With15. _______ the wall, we decided that we should need three tins of paint.A. Making upB. Doing upC. Putting upD. Sizing up.16. _______ the whole, early American city planning was excellent.A. InB. FromC. OnD. Above17. _______ we are having these days!A. What a lovely weatherB. What lovely weathersC. What lovely weatherD. What lovely a weather18. _______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A. For nowB. Now thatC. Ever sinceD. By now19. ______ when she started complaining.A. Not until he arrivedB. Hardly had he arrivedC. No sooner had he arrivedD. Scarcely did he arrive20. _______ whether he will come or not.A. There is no tellingB. There is not tellingC. There is telling notD. There is not to tell21. _______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. Comparing22. _______ you as soon as I know what _______.A. I'll phone…does happenB. I'll phone…has happenedC. I am phoning…happenD. I am going to phone…happens23. _______ you need is a good rest.A. EverythingB. AnythingC. AllD. Something24. ______ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.A. AsB. SinceC. ProvidedD. While25. _______ our poor record in school, we think you should study harder.A. In spite ofB. In view ofC. In charge ofD. In case of26. _______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal27. _______, he does not love her.A. As he likes her very muchB. Though much he likes herC. Much although he likes herD. Much though he likes her28. ______, Henry washed the cup and put it away.A. Having drinking the coffeeB. Drinking the coffeeC. Having drunk the coffeeD. After drunk the coffee29. _______, I'll love him all he same.A. He were rich or poorB. Be he rich or poorC. Being rich or poorD. Were he rich or poor30. _______, the little girl can help her mother with some housework.A. Young as she isB. Young as is sheC. As she is youngD. As is she young。

成人高考英语语法重点难点随着社会的发展，成人高考已经成为了不少人实现梦想的捷径。

其中，英语作为成人高考的必修科目之一，又是让不少人头疼的科目。

语法技巧和运用是英语学习的重点，下文将从语法重点和难点两个方面进行讲解。

一、语法重点1. 时态英语时态的使用非常灵活，常用的有一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。

成人高考英语考试所涉及的英语语法需要你掌握好所有时态的用法，还要根据文本语境准确运用时态来表达出自己的意思。

2. 主谓一致主谓一致是语法的重点之一，指的是主语和谓语在数上要保持一致。

例如，当主语是单数时，谓语动词也应该是单数。

同样地，当主语为复数时，谓语动词应该是复数。

这是英语语法基础，成人高考英语中理解语法的核心之一。

3. 名词性从句名词性从句是成人高考英语考试中比较难的语法之一，它由一个连接词引导，通常在这个从句中充当句子的某个成分。

名词性从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语、主语补足语等。

因此，成人高考英语考试需要掌握名词性从句的语法结构和它在句子中充当的成分。

4. 词汇搭配词汇搭配是英语语法的重要方面，指单词之间的用法和搭配习惯。

成人高考英语考试要求融汇贯通，能够在短时间内准确地理解文章意思，因此正确的词汇搭配对于实现高分很重要。

二、语法难点1. 非谓语动词非谓语动词在英语语法中指动词的不同形式。

非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。

在成人高考英语考试中，非谓语动词常被用来表述不同的时间和条件。

正确了解和使用非谓语动词对于高分很重要。

2. 宾语从句宾语从句是一个具有主谓结构的句子，作为句子的宾语。

成人高考英语考试所使用的宾语从句，通常由一个连词引导和在主句中充当宾语。

正确运用宾语从句需要考生熟悉连词的用法并理解句子结构变化。

3. 状语从句状语从句是一种被视为副词的从句。

这种从句通常用来进行说明，或给出主句的时间、条件等信息。

成人高考英语考试要求熟悉并掌握更丰富深入的状语从句。

成人本科学士学位英语词汇及常用语法集锦词汇和语法结构题型中常考词汇：1 虚拟语气宾语从句：order，demand，require，request，direct，command，urge，rule,suggest，advise，vote，propose move，recommend，prefer，decide，insist，desire，decree主语从句：vital，important，essential，imperative，obligatory，necessary,unnecessary，impossible，sad，strange，natural，advisable，fitting，proper，appropriate，desirable2 不定式1) 通常只接动词不定式作宾语的常考动词：agree，attempt，claim，decide demand，ask，hesitate，beg ,fail，care,consent，promise，desire，hope，intend，learn，offer，plan，refuse，prepare,pretend，strive，require，appear，arrange，expect，manage，tend，afford,wish，want，seem ,struggle，swear，threaten，wait，undertake,venture,seek ,resolve，aim，determine，endeavor，apply，claim，pledge，pretend,profess，refuse，volunteer，vow，happen ,guarantee,neglect，proceed,prove，condescend，consent，trouble，bother(negative)，care(negative)，choose，fail etc2) 用于动词+宾语+不定式结构的常考动词：force，hire，tell，require，teach，warn ,allow，ask，inform，beg，convince,expect，invite，order，permit，promise，instruct，prepare，urge，remind，want,advise，persuade，dare，forbid，like，challenge，request，get，need ,oblige,encourage，enable，compel，recommend，declare，prove，command，encourage，enable，lead，press，etc1) 用于be+形容词+不定式结构的常考形容词anxious，boring，dangerous，pleased，hard，eager，easy，fortunate,strange,good，ready，usual，prepared，surprised，common，useless，asked，lucky,difficult，likely satisfied，careful，sure，glad，bored，certain，etc转自环球网校2) 用于名词+不定式结构的常考名词：failure，offer，plan，ability，decision，desire，chance，permission，occasion,fun，honor，capacity，wish，pleasure，opportunity，demand,way ,refusal，responsibility，freedom，promise，etc.3) 后面跟省去“to”的不定式作宾补的常考动词：see watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel ,get，make，have，let ,help，bid，know，look at ,smell,etc成人学位英语词汇容易混淆的词成人本科学位英语考试，除了《成人英语三级词汇手册》（ ）列出的词之外，我们学习词汇时还应注意容易混淆的词。

成人学士学位英语考试指南语法练习标准答案（一）练习一名词1.We do not do much business (business) with him.我们和他之间的生意不多。

2.Some youngsters (youth) were seen loafing in the streets.一些年轻人在街上闲逛。

3.There are more than 100 aircraft (aircraft) on the airport.100多架飞机停在机场。

4.There is no means (means) of finding out what happened in the government.现在没有办法弄清楚在政府里发生了什么事。

5.Sheep (Sheep) were gazing on the hillside.羊群正在盯着山坡。

6.The old fisherman caught three huge fishes (fish) in the river this afternoon.那位老渔夫在那天下午在河里捕了三条大鱼。

7.It would be a kindness (kind) to tell him the truth.告诉他真相将是一种善意。

8.The passengers were searched at the airport for reasons (reason) of security.出于安全考虑，所有在机场的旅客都将被检查。

9.He felt sympathy for her sufferings. (suffering)他对她的遭遇感到同情。

10.The children are playing on the sands (sand) of the beach.孩子们正在海滩边的沙滩上玩。

11.The teachers met once a year to exchange experiences.(experience)老师们一年见一次面，交流各种经验。

(1)主语+不及物动词+现在分词/过去分词说明：1.本句型中的谓语动词由不及物动词充当，分词作状语。

2.现在分词短语作状语时通常表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，起陪衬或修饰作用。

3.过去分词(短语)作状语时，主要修饰谓语动词，表示动作发生的背景与情况。

4.现在分词/过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子是一致的。

例：a)They sat facing each other.他们面对面地坐着。

b)He lay on the grass enjoying the sunshine.他躺在草地上享受阳光。

c)Frustrated，he went back to his home village.他大失所望，回到家乡去。

d)Supported by the people，our troops struck back with guns and grenades.在人民的支持下，我军以步枪和手榴弹进行了反击。

(2)主语+及物动词+动词不定式说明：1.本句型中宾语由动词不定式充当。

2.本句型中的动词不定式可用被动式和完成式。

3.本句型中的动词不定式可在to前加not或never表示否定。

4.可接动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：expect，hope，want，wish，apply，ask，manage，arrage，prepare，agree，promise，trouble，hilp，decline，choose，fail 等。

例：a)He would admire to be a pilot.他喜欢当飞行员。

b)The scientist claims to have discovered a new planet.这位科学家宣称发现了一颗新的行星。

c)They pretended not to see us.他们佯装没有看见我们。

(3)主语+及物动词+动名词说明：1.本句型中的宾语由动名词充当。

2.动名词因为具有动词特征，故可带有自己的宾语。

成人高考英语语法的重点难点成人高考英语语法的重点难点成人高考是一种通过考试获取大学学历的途径。

成人高考英语作为其中的一门科目，是所有专业考生必须要进行考试的。

对于那些从事全日制工作，无法参加成人高校学习的人们来说，成人高考是一种非常好的选择。

然而，成人高考英语对于许多人而言依旧是一个薄弱环节。

英语语法是英语学习的基础，相对于单词、阅读理解等其他部分来说，语法更加重要。

在此，本文将介绍成人高考英语语法的重点难点，帮助大家在成人高考中取得好的成绩。

一、名词单复数英语中名词单复数的规则是比较多的，例如：以-s结尾的单数名词加-es变为复数，以辅音字母+y结尾的名词改-y为-i后加-es变复数，以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe改为v再加-es 变为复数等。

但作为成人高考的考生，只需牢记一些常见的名词单复数规则就能应对大部分考试题目。

1.名词单、复数同型sheep（绵羊）、fish（鱼）、deer（鹿）、series（系列）、species（物种）、means（方法）、headquarters（总部）等单词其单复数相同。

对此，考生需要特别注意。

2.名词复数的不规则形式child（儿童）、tooth（牙齿）、foot（脚）、person（人）、man（男人）、woman（女人）等名词，其复数形式并不是按照规则变化的，而是需要记忆。

例如：children（儿童）、teeth （牙齿）、feet（脚）、people（人们）、men（男人、人）、women（女人、妇女）等。

二、冠词英语中的冠词包括定冠词“the”和不定冠词“a”、“an”。

关于冠词的使用，考生要注意以下几点。

1.前置修饰语对冠词使用的影响当名词前面有形容词、分词、代词、限定性从句等修饰时，需要注意是否加冠词。

例如：She is a good girl.（她是一个好女孩。

）He is reading a book.（他正在看一本书。

）He is a teacher who speaks English well. （他是一个英语讲得很好的老师。

成人学位英语考试语法讲义辅导成人学位英语考试语法讲义辅导天才是百分之一的灵感，百分之九十九的血汗。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的成人学位英语考试语法讲义辅导，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!定语从句(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有三个作用：A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

第一节动词的时态考试重点：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have （has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。

一、一般现在式：1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。

例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。

2、表示普遍的真理。

由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。

例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。

3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。

4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。

（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing（答案：B）（1996年22题）（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated（答案：C）（1992年59题）二、一般过去时：1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。

just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。

例：You've already missed too many classes this term .You _____ two classes just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had missedD. have missed（答案：A。

《学位英语》知识汇总-基础语法、常考语法《学位英语》知识汇总-基础语法名词1、名词分类专有名词：某个(些)人物、事物、地点、机构、国家地区等专有的名称，如：Beijing,China,book。

普通名词：可数名词（个体名词、集体名词）、不可数名词（物质名词、抽象名词）。

2、名词的数：单数、复数3、复数：规则的复数形式和不规则的复数形式；常见的规则复数形式：（1）一般在词尾加-s：flowers, sisters,machines,months（2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es：buses,boxes,watches,dishes（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i,再加-es：countries, factories, stories（4）以-f或-fe结尾的名词，通常变f或fe为v,再加-es：knives, shelves, lives（5）以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词加-es：tomatoes, potatoes, heroes常见的不规则复数形式：（1）改变单数名词内部元音使其变为复数。

例如：man—men woman—women foot—feet tooth—teeth（2）在单数名词词尾加-ren或-en。

例如:child——children ox—oxen（3）复数形式与单数形式相同。

例如：sheep—sheep deer—deer means—means（4）一些外来词仍保留其原来的名词复数形式。

例如：basis—bases thesis—theses analysis—analyses（5）表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而各异。

①一般以-se或-ss结尾，单复数形式相同。

例如:Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Portuguese等。

②词尾加-s,构成复数。

例如:German, American, Australian, Canadian, Italian, Belgian, Greek, Hungarian, Swede, Arab等。