英语主谓一致中 就近原则和就远原则

主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。

有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。

此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。

例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。

All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。

No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。

就近原则现象。

还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。

此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。

例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。

Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。

1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：主谓一致现象。

有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。

此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。

例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。

All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。

No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。

就近原则现象。

还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。

此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, notonly... but also等。

例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。

Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。

1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

主谓一致和就近就远原则主谓一致和就近原则是语法中的重要概念，用于确定主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系。

主谓一致指的是主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致；就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。

首先，主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。

在英语中，一般来说，第三人称单数主语需要用动词的第三人称单数形式，而其他人称和数则使用动词的一般形式。

例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要加s或es，如he goes，she thinks。

而当主语是第一人称单数或复数，第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词则保持一般形式，如I go，we think，you study。

其次，就近原则指的是谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。

在一个句子中，如果存在多个主语，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据最近的主语决定。

例如，句子“Tom and his friends are going to the party”中，谓语动词are是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。

而在句子“His friends and Tom is going to the party”中，谓语动词is则是根据最近的主语Tom决定的，而不是前面的friends。

主谓一致和就近原则在句子中起到了重要作用，确保了语法的正确性和语言的连贯性。

下面将分别对主谓一致和就近原则进行具体说明。

主谓一致的几个注意事项：1.主谓一致在人称上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在人称上保持一致。

例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；当主语是第一人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式；当主语是第二人称单数或复数时，谓语动词要用一般形式。

例如：- She goes to school every day.（第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式）- They go to school every day.（第三人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- I go to school every day.（第一人称单数，谓语动词用一般形式）- We go to school every day.（第一人称复数，谓语动词用一般形式）- You go to school every day.（第二人称单数或复数，谓语动词用一般形式）2.主谓一致在数上的一致性，即主语和谓语动词要在数上保持一致。

主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。

有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。

此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。

例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。

All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。

No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。

就近原则现象。

还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。

此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。

例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。

Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。

1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

主谓一致和就近就远原则YKK standardization office【 YKK5AB- YKK08- YKK2C- YKK18】主谓一致和就近就远原则就近一致原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。

一、在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“there be+句型；oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;not only...but also”等。

Eg.(1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。

(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。

(3)Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。

(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。

2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。

(2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

非正式文体中：有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“no one”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。

“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。

总结：英语就近原则短语1.There be句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.Neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致一、当主语后面与with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no less than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。

主谓一致主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。

这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。

本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。

后面的职务用and 相连。

这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

英语语法：主谓⼀致中的“就近原则”英语句⼦中，主语的“⼈称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓⼀致”关系。

它通常依据三项原则： 1)语法⼀致; 2)意义⼀致; 3)就近⼀致。

【语法⼀致原则】 I .主语的“⼈称”决定谓语动词的形式。

e.g. ①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好⾳乐。

②Are your mother a worker ? (误)你母亲是⼯⼈吗? Is your mother a worker ?(正)(主语your mother 是单数第三⼈称) I .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。

1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语，⽤单数谓语形式。

e.g. ①The work is important . 这项⼯作重要。

②To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。

③How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是⼀段伤⼼的经历。

2. 复数的名词、代词⼀般接复数谓语形式。

e.g. ①The children are taken good care of . 孩⼦们得到很好的照料。

②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。

II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语： 1.通常作复数⽤。

e.g. ①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。

②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他⾔⾏不⼀致。

③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。

2. 如果并列主语指的是“同⼀个”⼈(事、物、抽象概念)，作单数⽤。

英语主谓一致中就近原则和就远原则在英语语法中，主谓一致是指谓语动词必须与其所修饰的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

这个规则在句子中起着非常重要的作用，使得句子更加清晰和易于理解。

然而，当主词由两个或更多个名词组成时，就会出现就近原则和就远原则的问题。

下面将详细讨论这两个概念以及它们在主谓一致中的应用。

就近原则和就远原则在主谓一致中的作用是解决由并列结构引起的冲突。

并列结构是指由连词连接的两个或更多个并列成分，这些成分通常由并列连词（如and、or、but等）引导。

当并列成分之间存在谓语动词时，就需要根据主谓一致原则来确定谓语动词的形式。

就近原则（Proximity Agreement）是指谓语动词的形式应该与离它最近的主语保持一致。

这意味着当主语由并列结构组成时，谓语动词应该与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

例如：1. My friend and I are going to the party.（我的朋友和我要去参加派对。

）2. The dog and the cat are playing in the garden.（狗和猫在花园里玩。

）在第一个例子中，谓语动词are与最近的主语I保持一致。

在第二个例子中，谓语动词are与最近的主语cat保持一致。

然而，就近原则并不是绝对的规则。

在一些情况下，就近原则会被就远原则（Proximity Disagreement）所取代。

就远原则是指谓语动词的形式应该与其中一个主语保持一致，通常是离谓语动词更远的主语。

这种情况下，就远原则一般出现在最近的主语和谓语动词之间有插入语的情况下。

例如：1. The cat, along with the dogs, is sleeping.（猫和狗们都在睡觉。

）2. My sister, as well as her friends, is going on the trip.（我姐姐和她的朋友们都要去旅行。

）在第一个例子中，虽然最近的主语是dogs，但是由于插入语along with独立于并列结构之外，因此谓语动词is与最远的主语cat保持一致。

主谓一致英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词一致;谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化;高考英语中主要以完形填空和语法填空的形式,同时可能会结合其他语法点比如非谓语动词和复合句等来考查;一、主谓一致的三原则主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则;（一）语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式;Jolin has made great success with so many years going on.Jolin是单数形式,谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人,表示复数,谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are;（二）意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题;有时候主语在形式上是单数形式,但是其意义是负数,谓语动词根据意义而定,采用复数形式;The singer and artist is holding a concert called “land blue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数;The old are very well taken care of in our city.the old 指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数;（三）就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定;Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole.You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分,因此be动词应当用复数形式的are;二、主谓一致的详细讲解（一）代词作主语1．不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other,another以及复合不定代词someone, somebody等作主语,谓语动词用单数;Someone has parked the car on the street.One is from the USA and the other two are from the UK.2.不定代词none作主语时如果指人或者可数的物,指数目,谓语动词单复数均可；如果指不可数名词,指量,谓语动词用单数;None of the students have/has made the mistakes this time.Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left.3.all单独作主语指人时,谓语动词用复数,指物时,谓语动词用单数;All are present at the meeting.All is going on very well.4.由each修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;Each位于复数主语后或者句尾作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的单复数形式;Each student has a walkman which helps them improve their listening.They each have won the first prize.=They have won the first prize each.5.neither of和 either of加复数名词或者代词作主语,谓语动词用单复数均可;Either of the story is/are interesting;Neither of us has/have received the postcard.6.such作主语时谓语动词的单复数形式应当根据其意义而定;Such is Stephen Hawing , who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.Such are the difficulties that we are faced with.7.疑问代词作主语时,谓语动词应当根据其实际意义来判断单复数;Who is the girl over thereWho are the girls over thereWhich is your book, this one or that oneWhich are your books, these or those8.关系代词作主语,其人称和数的变化随先行词而定;参加定语从句讲义;Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman.注意三种结构：one of, the only of,not the only of加名词或者代词结构中的定语从句的单复数;参见定语从句讲义;二名词作主语1.集体名词作主语1people, cattle, police只有复数概念的集体名词,谓语动词用复数;2audience, army, class, company, enemy, family, group, public, government,population等集体名词作主语,若作为一个主体,谓语动词用单数；若着眼于成员或者个体,谓语动词用复数;His family was the largest among the whole village.My family are going on a trip this summer.3equipment, furniture, baggage, machinery, clothing, jewellery等表示某一类物品总称的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;因为这些词是不可数名词;2.单复数同形的词作主语,谓语动词单复数根据其意义而定;means, fish, sheep, deer, crossroads, series, species, works工厂Each means has been tried to solve the problem.There are various of means to solve the problem.1work与workswork表示“工作”,不可数名词,谓语动词永远用单数;work表示“作品”,可数名词,谓语动词用单数；复数形式是works,谓语动词用复数;works表示“工厂”,单复数同形;谓语动词视其句子中的意义而定;2a series of + n 和a species of +n作主语,谓语动词用单数;3.以s结尾的由两部分组成的表示衣物或者工具的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;如：glasses, shoes, boots, pants, chopsticks, scissors, socks, stockings, trousers 等但是前面有“a pair of”或者“pairs of”修饰时,谓语动词与pair保持一致;4.以s结尾的学科作主语,谓语动词用单数;如：politics, physics, mathematics5.以s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛和表示时间、距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语,常被看做整体,谓语动词用单数;Twenty years has passed.A hundred miles is a long way.三含有修饰语的名词的主谓一致1. a number of和the number ofa number of + 复数名词,表示“很多”,谓语动词用复数；the number of + 复数名词,表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数;2.some, plenty of , a lot of, lots of等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,其谓语动词单复数根据所修饰的词而定;Some people work to live while some people live to work.A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.3.主语含有quantity,谓语动词单复数看quantitya quantity of + 可数名词/不可数名词,谓语动词用单数quantities of +可数名词/不可数名词,谓语动词用复数4.most of, the rest, the rest of, part, part of作主语,谓语动词应根据所修饰的名词或者代词而定;Part of his story was not true.Part of the teachers are from England.5.百分数,分数+of+名词作主语,谓语动词根据of后的名词决定单复数;50% of the land is now suitable to grow crops.20% of the people object to the new law.注意一个例外：当用“one in”或者“one out of”表示几分之一时,谓语动词不看of后的名词,只用单数;It is reported that one in ten people suffers from lung cancer.One out of twenty was badly damaged.6.“the majority of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“the majority”单独作主语,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数;The majority of boys like football.The majority were/was in favor of the proposal.7.“a kind of , this kind of , many kinds of +名词”作主语,谓语动词与of后的名词保持数的一致;kind可以替换成sort,type,form8.“more than one +单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;“more +复数名词+ than one”作主语,谓语动词用复数;More than one person was injured in the accident.More members than one are against the proposal.9.“many a + 单数名词”作主语,谓语用单数;Many a student has failed in the exam.10.“one or two +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“a/an + 单数名词 + or two”作主语,谓语动词用单数;One or two days are enough for the work.A day or two is enough for the work.四并列结构作主语的主谓一致1.and 问题1both…and…作主语,谓语用复数;2and连接人名或者人称代词作主语,谓语动词用复数;3两个名词共用一个冠词,用and连接,表示同一人、同一事或者同意概念,谓语用单数;The singer and the dancer are to attend the party. 歌星和舞蹈家都会参加派对;The singer and dancer is to attend the party. 那个歌星兼舞蹈家会参加派对;常见表示同一概念的短语：bread and butter 面包黄油a horse and cart 一套马车a knife and fork 一副刀叉a cup and saucer 一套茶盘}4every + 单数名词 + and + every +单数名词each + 单数名词 + and + each +单数名词no + 单数名词 + and +no +单数名词谓语动词用单数many a +单数名词 + and + many a +单数名词2.either…or… ,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,or作主语,谓语动词采取就近原则;Neither you nor your mother is right.You, he, or I am right.Not only he but also I am right.Is either he or you right3.主语后面有with, together with, along with, as well as , like , such as , rather than , besides , including , in addition to , except 等词修饰,谓语动词不受这些词影响;I as well as you am to blame for breaking the window.五动名词短语,不定式短语,名词性从句充当句子主语时,谓语动词用单数;Translating the books is not so easy.To see is to believe.he said is right.注意：1.and连接的不定式、动名词或者从句作主语,谓语动词应当根据句子的单复数概念决定用单数还是复数;When to hold the meeting and where to hold are two things.Going to bed early and getting up early is good habit.2.what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但若从句后的表语是负数形式或者从句本身表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式;What they need are books.比较：What they need is more money.六其他情况1.四则运算:相加、相乘,谓语动词单复数均可;相减、相除,谓语动词用单数;Fifteen and fifteen is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to thirty.Five times six is/are/makes/make/equals/equal/is equal to/are equal to thirty.Fifteen minus five is makes/equals/is equal to ten.Fifteen divided by five makes/equals/is equal to three.2.There / Here句型采取就近原则;Here goes a bus.There is a bus.3.倒装句在倒装句中谓语动词应与后面的主语保持一致;On the wall is a photo of my family.Gone are the days when we worked together, laughed together.4.名词化的形容词the + 形容词表示一类人,谓语动词用复数the + 形容词表示一类物,谓语动词用单数The poor are the part of people we help.The beautiful gives happiness to all.注意：the + 国籍类形容词,谓语动词永远用复数The Chinese are like to be together during the Spring Festival.The Chinese are a hard-working people.。

英语语法——主谓一致〔就近、就远原那么〕就近原那么：也称“ 近原〞“就近一致原〞 (Proximity〕，即：与凑近的名、代〔有不必定是主〕在“人称、数〞上一致。

在正式文体中：1.由以下接的并列主："there be ＋句型 ; or ; eitherwhether ⋯ or； not ⋯ but; not only⋯but also"等;。

.；⋯n or; neither⋯ nor；①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行或言都与我没关。

②N either you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没。

③N ot you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父受。

④Not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不你了，他也了。

2. 在倒装句中：可与后边第一个主一致。

.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .，能听鼓掌声和人的呼叫声。

在②T here is (are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支笔和几本。

II.非正式文体中：有依“就近一致原〞，但也可依“意一致原〞或格地依“ 法一致原〞。

.Neither she nor I were there (意一致)我和他当都不在那边。

〔非正式〕Neither she nor I was there .〔就近一致〕〔文同上句〕〔正式〕可是，假如依“就近一致原〞而与其余两原相矛盾，经常是不太合符范的。

.No one except his own supporters agree with him .。

〔依“就近〞和“意〞一致的原；但法上，“他自己的支持者赞同他的意No one 〞才是主，要改成“ agrees 〞。

英语主谓一致的三个原则1. 形式一致的原则一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式；当作主语的名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词就复数形式：如：(1) He likes skating in winter. 他喜欢冬天滑冰。

(2) Alice reads much. 艾利斯看了很多书。

(3)They don’t live here. 他们不住这里。

2. 意义一致的原则英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。

如：(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match. 在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。

(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home. 我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。

(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class. 我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。

3. 邻近一致的原则英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。

如：(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。

(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。

(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。

(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there. 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则)：Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。

主谓一致和就近就远原则就近一致原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。

一、在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“there be+句型；or either...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;not only...but also”等。

Eg.(1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。

(2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。

(3)Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。

(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。

2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。

(2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

非正式文体中：有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“no one”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。

“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。

总结：英语就近原则短语1.There be句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.Neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致一、当主语后面与with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than,no lessthan,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。

初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习Prepared on 21 November 2021英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。

e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

II. 非正式文体中：有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。

e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。

（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。

主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

在九年义务初中英语学习中，主谓一致就近原则是一个重要且较为复杂的语法知识点。

下面将就主谓一致就近原则的重难点进行详细的归纳。

一、就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词在形式上与离它最近的主语保持一致。

考虑以下例句：1. Neither the students nor the teacher ________ happy.在这个例句中，两个主语分别是"the students"和"the teacher"，所以就近原则要求谓语动词选择单数形式，正确答案是"is"。

2. The book, as well as the pen, ________ on the desk.在这个例句中，第一个主语是"the book"，第二个主语是"the pen"，就近原则要求谓语动词选择单数形式，正确答案是"sits"。

3. Neither the students nor I ________ the answer.在这个例句中，两个主语分别是"the students"和"I"，就近原则要求谓语动词选择复数形式，正确答案是"know"。

二、谓语动词与主语的一致规则1.单数主语所带的词：-单数名词：一个单数主语要求谓语动词也用单数形式。

-不可数名词：不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式。

2.复数主语所带的词：- 由and连接的复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。

- 由or、nor、either...or等连接的两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。

- 有some、many、a few、a number of等修饰的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

3.特殊主语：-就近原则：当谓语动词与多个主语在人称和数上产生冲突时，谓语动词选择与离它最近的主语保持一致。