国际商务英语-名词解释[1].doc___

1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。

因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。

International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。

因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。

International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market.（二）1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。

国际商务英语（5844）名词解释The theory of absolute advantage 绝对利益学说Free trade area 自由贸易区Creditor country 债权Quotation 报价单A counter-offer 还盘Consignment 寄售Bill of lading 提单invoice 发票Beneficiary 受益人Foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备foreign exchange control 外汇管制Agency agreement 代理合同/协议Business correspondence 商业信函Customs duties 关税Absolute quota 绝对配额承兑Gain progit 获利Futures trade 世界贸易化Knowledge industry 知识产业People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行Hague Rules 海牙规则Business reputation 商业信誉intellectual property 知识产权Packed of deal 一揽子交易CFR cost and freightCIF cost,insurance and freightexpertise 专家意见 expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field; know-howGDP 国内生产总值 Gross Domestic ProductAssess 评定估定 to judge an amount or valueTap 轻打开发分接 to take what is needed from,to exploitTrade liberalization 贸易自由化 of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports Tariff 关税 tax levied by the customsRevenue 收入 the total annual income of a stateInput 投入something that is put in businss operationSpecialization 专业化 to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fieldsMFN 最惠国 means most-favoured-nation which is a tariff treament.It is bilaterally given and provides for the lowest tariff in the tariffcode.Bisible trade it involves the import and export of goods.Immigrant remittance 移民汇款 it refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.Tariff 关税 duties imposed on goods imported and exportedMaritme 近似的 xonnected with the sea or navigationClassification 分类 the arrangement of things by groupsContract 合同 is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.Oral business negotiations 口头商业谈判 oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions conducted at trade fairs or by sending trade groups abroad or by inviting foreign customers.Force majeure 不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party Firm offer 实盘 an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer.Inflation 通货膨胀 rise in prices bruoght about by the excess demand, expansion of monye supply, credit etc. Fluctuation 波动 irregular movement of (prices,exchange rates etc.)Drawee 付款人 the person to whom a draft is drawn.Confirming bank 保兑银行 the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C.Bill of exchange 汇票 written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment.The invoice 商业发票 it is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.Transportation 运输 is defined as the movement of freght and passengers from one location to another. Distribution 分配，发行 combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit. Insurance 保险 is a social device in which a group of individuals transfei risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.F.P.A.(free from particular average) 平安险 is a very limited cover confining the insurer’s liability,stectly speaking, to only total loss of the insured cargo,and partial loss of or damage to the cargo is answerable only where the carrying vessel is grounded,sunk or burnt.Regional economic integration is the loosest form of regard economic intergration in which members remove barrier to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regardsto trade with outsiders.翻译：1) International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

国际商务名词解释1、国际商务（international business）是一研究为满足个人及组织需求而进行的跨国界交易的学科。

2、跨国公司（multi-national enterprises,MNEs）公司的总部位于某一个国家，但在其他国家从事经营活动。

3、要素条件（factor conditions）土地，劳动力，资本。

4、基本任务（basic mission）公司的业务是什么？公司存在的原因是什么？5、前景分析（scenario analysis）指设想、描绘和分析可能发生的事件。

6、孪生工厂（twin factories）建立在两国国界两侧，并引发产品在两国间的流动。

7、对外直接投资群组（FDI cluster）指通常与美日欧成员国处于同一地理区域，并与之有某种形式经济联系的一组发展中国家。

8、思想体系（ideology）指引导社会行为的一整套信仰、理论和主义。

9、市场经济（market-driven economy）商品和服务是以需求为基础进行配置的。

10、计划经济（centrally determined economy）商品和服务按照一个委员会制定的计划进行配置，是这个委员会决定生产和提供什么，消费者只能买到政府决定出售的东西。

11、贸易创造（trade creation）使经济一体化成员国中那些高效、低成本的生产者从高成本的生产者手中得到市场份额，并且增加出口。

12、贸易转移（trade diversion）更高效的非成员国将其生产及出口市场丢失给更低效、但却受到关税及其他壁垒保护的成员国。

13、内部规模经济（internal economies of scale）14、外部规模经济（external economies of scale）15、文化（culture）是人们用于解释经验和产生的社会行为的且于后天获得的知识。

16、种族优越感（ethnocentrism）相信自己的行为优于他人。

国际商务英语贸易术语：1.EXW （Ex Work）工厂交货2.FCA （Free Carrier）货交承运人3.FAS （Free Alongside Ship）船边交货4.FOB （Free On Board）船上交货5.CFR （Cost and Freight）成本加运费6.CIF （Cost Insurance and Freight）成本、保险和运费7.CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至8.CIP（Carriage Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至9.DAF（Delivered At Frontier）边境交货10.DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货11.DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货12.DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货13.DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货mercial Councilor’s Office 商务参赞处15.consignor 委托人、发货人、寄售人16.consignee 受托人、收货人、承售人17.firm 商号、商店、公司18.corporation 公司商会19.private-owned corporation 私有公司20.nonprofit corporation 非营利公司21.public corporation（state-operated corporation）国有公司22.limited liability company （股份）有限公司23.agent 代理人agency 代理代理权sole distributor 独家经销代理sole distributorship 独家经销代理权distributor 经销人distributorship 经销权24.duplicate 副本25.in duplicate 一式两份26.in triplicate 一式三份27.stipulation 规定28.rule 法则w 法律30.term 条款31.cash on delivery 货到付款（缩写C.O.D）32.m/t 公吨33.The sight L/C 即期信用证34.The usance L/C 远期信用证35.The revocable L/C 可撤销信用证36.The irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证37.partical shipment（s）分批装运38.Transshipment 转船39.Liner 定期班轮40.Tramp 不定期货轮41.Fragile 易碎42.Easy to Be Damaged 易损43.Easy to Be Deteriorated 易变质44.Inflammable易燃、Explosive 易爆、Poisonous有毒45.。

国际商务名词解释国际商务是指在国际范围内进行的跨国贸易和商业活动。

在这个全球化的时代，国际商务已经成为很多公司的主要业务之一。

以下是一些常见的国际商务名词的解释：1. 跨国公司（Multinational Corporation，MNC）：指在一个以上的国家开展业务并在各个国家都有子公司或分支机构的公司。

跨国公司通常在多个国家之间进行产品生产、销售和服务等商业活动。

2. 外商直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，FDI）：指投资者在一个国家对另一个国家的企业进行直接投资，通过购买或建立新的子公司来进行经营活动。

3. 货物贸易（Trade in Goods）：指国际间物品的买卖交易。

包括出口和进口的物品，如原材料、商品和成品等。

4. 服务贸易（Trade in Services）：指国际间服务的买卖交易。

包括金融服务、咨询服务、旅游服务等。

5. 关税（Tariff）：指政府对进口货物征收的税项。

关税的目的是保护国内产业，提高进口产品价格，从而鼓励国内生产和消费。

6. 关税配额（Tariff Quota）：指在关税限额内规定的允许进口的商品数量。

当进口超过关税配额时，将额外征收高额的关税。

7. 世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization，WTO）：是一个国际组织，致力于促进跨国贸易，降低贸易壁垒，促进全球贸易自由化。

WTO的成员包括世界上大多数国家。

8. 自由贸易区（Free Trade Zone）：是指在一定区域内成立的为促进贸易自由化而设置的特殊区域。

自由贸易区会降低关税和非关税壁垒，鼓励区内的贸易和投资活动。

9. 贸易保护主义（Trade Protectionism）：是指国家采取各种措施限制进口，保护本国产业和企业免受国际竞争造成的压力。

贸易保护主义的措施包括提高关税、实施配额限制等。

10. 供应链（Supply Chain）：是指从原材料采购到成品销售的整个生产和分销过程。

国际商务英语--重点考核商务术语英译互译〔熟记〕Unit 8 考核题型：商务术语-英汉互译Inquiry(enquiry) :询盘Quotation：报价Validity period：有效期Offer：出价Counter offer ：还盘Offeree：收盘人Sales (purchase) contract ：销售〔购货〕合约Sales (purchase) confirmation ：售货〔购货〕确认书Consignment ：寄售Contracting parties：缔约方Force majeure ：不可抗力Arbitration：仲裁Business line：业务范围Contract proper：合约正文Article number：货号Cargo compartment:货仓考核题型：商务术语-英文解释Uint 8A contract：It is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.Oral negotiation：direct discussions conducted at trade fairs; sending trade groups abroad; inviting foreign cusomers.Written negotiation : often begin with enquiries made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered.A firm offer: a promise to sell goods at a stated price.Sales contract: when the contract is made by the seller, it is called a sales contract.Purchase contract: when made by the buyer, it is called a purchase contract.Unit 9 考核题型：商务术语-英汉互译Counter trade: 对销贸易Hyperinflation：极度通货膨胀ReichXank：德国国家银行Cross-border contract：进出口合约Protectionism：贸易爱护主义Financial market：金融市场Clearing system：清算系统Net positions：实际头寸Compensation trade：补偿贸易Trade credit accounts：贸易信贷往来账户Barter ：易货贸易Counter purchase：互购贸易Buyback：回购贸易Vertical：垂直Centrally planned economies：中央方案经济Competitive devaluation ：竞争性贬值V olkswagen：群众汽车公司Xerox Corporation: 施乐公司Processing trade ：加工贸易Consignment：寄售Leasing trade：租赁贸易Auction：拍卖Agency：代理考核题型：商务术语-英文解释Uint 9Counter trade is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies.Barter: the direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.Counter purchase: the assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.Buyback: An agreement by an exporter of plant an d equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment . Bundling means that the exchange of goods and services are bundled together (the exchanges are implemented either concurrently or inter temporally).Unit 10 考核题型：商务术语-英汉互译Debtor: 债务人Debit 借方Financial standing账务状况Credit worthiness 资信可靠状况Periodic payments 分阶段付款Cash in advance 预付现金Open account 记账交易Draft (bill of exchange): 汇票Drawer ：出票人Drawee 受票人Payee 受款人Usance draft远期汇票Documentary draft 跟单汇票Clean draft 光票Documentary collection 跟单托收Documents against payment (D/P)：付款交单Documents against acceptance (D/P)：承兑交单考核题型：商务术语-英文解释Uint 10Open account:this means that no documents are involved and that legally the buyer can pay anytime.Consignment transactions:this means the exporter has to send his goods abroad and will not get payment until the goods are sold.A draft is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.A sight draft: call for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.A usance draft: it is payable at a later date, for example, 30,45,60,90 days after sight or date.documents against payment (D/P): documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effected.D/P at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.D/P after sight gives the importer a certain period after presentation of the documents, but the documents are not released to him until he actually pays for the goods.Unit 11 考核题型：商务术语-英汉互译Applicant 开证申请人Opening bank 开证银行Beneficiary 受益人Correspondent bank关系行Advising bank 通知行Amendment 修改Reimburse 付款Unit price 单价Partial shipment 分批装运Transshipment 转船The uniform customs and practice of documentary credits 跟单信用证统一惯例In favor of 支持The carrying vessel装运船只考核题型：商务术语-英文解释Uint 11Applicant or princial: the importer who instructs his bank to issue an L/C in favor with the seller for the amount of the purchase is called the aplicant, or opener, principal etc.Opening bank or issuing bank: establishing bank: the bank that issues the credit is called the opening bank, the issuing bank or the establishing bank. Beneficially: the exporter in whose favour the credit is opened is called the beneficiary.。

国际商务英语一、汉译英1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。

International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。

Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。

投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。

Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。

GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。

中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。

With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。

434国际商务名词解释大全1. 国际商务（International Business）：指跨越国界进行的商业活动，涉及跨国贸易、投资、合作等方面的经济活动。

2. 进出口贸易（Import and Export Trade）：指在国家间进行的商品和服务的买卖活动，包括商品的进口和出口。

3. 跨国公司（Multinational Corporation）：指在多个国家开展经营活动并拥有跨国经营能力的公司，通常在多个国家设有子公司或分支机构。

4. 外包（Outsourcing）：指企业将原本在内部完成的某些工作、业务或服务外部委托给其他公司或机构进行处理。

5. 直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment）：指一国企业或个人直接在其他国家投资设立企业并参与其经营活动。

6. 公司并购（Mergers and Acquisitions）：指一家公司通过购买或合并其他公司来扩大自身规模或进入新的市场。

7. 跨文化沟通（Cross-cultural Communication）：指在不同文化背景下进行交流和互动的过程，需要克服语言、价值观、行为习惯等方面的差异。

8. 贸易壁垒（Trade Barrier）：指国家为保护本国产业或市场而采取的措施，如关税、配额、技术壁垒等，对跨国贸易造成限制。

9. 跨国营销（International Marketing）：指企业根据不同国家或地区的市场需求和特点，制定不同的营销策略和方案。

10. 子公司（Subsidiary）：指一家公司控制或持有另外一家公司的股份，并能对其经营和决策产生影响。

11. 贸易平衡（Trade Balance）：指一个国家或地区在一定时期内商品和服务的出口与进口之间的差额。

12. 竞争优势（Competitive Advantage）：指企业相对于竞争对手在市场中具备的特殊优势，包括技术、创新、成本、品牌等方面的优势。

13. 供应链管理（Supply Chain Management）：指企业在供应商、制造商、经销商和客户之间构建和协调的物流与信息流的整体运作体系。

11. Budget—预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2. Return—回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3. Portfolio—证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4. Royalty—专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5. Expertise—专门知识expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how.6. Licensor—认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.7. Patent—专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.8. Non-tariff barrier—非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.9. Turnkey contract—交钥匙工程one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.10. Franchise—经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.21. Purchasing power—购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2. Assess—估价to judge an amount or value.3. spur—刺激to urge or encourage4. average—平均of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount5. Productive—多生产producing in high efficiency or in large quantity6. tap—开发to take what is needed from, to exploit7. Infrastructure—基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce.8. recipient—接受者a person or an organization etc. that receives something9. consumerism—消费主义considerable desire to make purchase for consumption10. PPP—购买力平价purchasing power parity31 liberalization—自由化of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports2 integration—一体化combining into a whole3 tariff—关税tax levied by the customs4 barriers to trade—贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.5 mobility—流动性capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.6 detour—绕道route that voids a blocked road; deviation7 banknote—纸币printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the country’s central bank.8 erode—侵蚀wear away, eat into9 envisage—想象picture(an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine10 veto—否决权right to reject or forbid something41 affiliate—分支机构a subsidiary company controlled by another2 assets—资产total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.3 world company—全球公司a multinational whose national identity has been blurred4 facilities—设施something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service5 revenue—收益the total annual income of a state6 decentralize—使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area7 nationalize—收归国有to bring under the control or ownership of a nation8 welfare—福利well-being9 framework—行为准则organization structure10 input—投资something that is put in business operation51 service—服务something done to help or benefit others2 abundant—大量的plentiful, more than enough3 specialization—专业化to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields4 primary commodities—初级产品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials5 incentive—刺激that which incites, rouses or encourages a person6 alternative—替代物that may be had, used etc. in place of sth. else7 intuitive—直觉relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study8 efficient—有效的producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well9 endowment—天赋a natural gift or ability10 exploit—利用to develop the use of, make the best use of61 drawback—退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported2 highlight—重视to make prominent; to draw special attention3 bulky—庞大taking a lot of space, and often of a shape difficult to handle4 perishable—易碎easily to go bad5 tariff—关税duties imposed on goods imported and exported6 specific duties—从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods7 ad valorem duties—从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods8 unilaterally—单方面地done by one side or party only9 maritime—海上connected with the sea or navigation10 remittance—汇款money sent by post71 law suit—诉讼案件legal prosecution2 dispute—争端argument or controversy3 remedy—纠正method of putting right something that is wrong4 amendment—修正changes made to something5 Incoterms—贸易术语a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms6 present—提交submit7 premise—前提a tract of land including its buildings8 heading—标题category9 classification—分类the arrangement of things by groups10 carriage—运费the price or cost of transportation81 business line—商业领域goods dealt in by a company2 voluntary offer—主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer3 contract—合同an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties4 indispensable—必须物absolutely necessary5 contract proper—合同正文the main body of a contract6 contracting parties—缔约方signatories of an agreement7 force majeure—[不可抗力] social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party8 purchase contract—购买合同a contract made by the buyer9 firm offer—持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer10 offeree—受要约人the party to whom an offer is made91.popular—受欢迎的liked and admired2.hyperinflation—极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control3.inflation—通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansionof money supply, credit etc.4.protectionism—贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing homecountries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports5.bilateral—双边的of two sides6.bundling—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together7.expertise—专门知识expert skill or knowledge8.creditors—债权人a person to whom one owns money9.transferable—可转移的possible to be handed over10.verified data—已证实的数据authentic materials101.debtor—债务人a person who owes money2.default—违约fail to carry out an obligation3.dubious—可疑的doubtful, uncertain, questionable4.draft—汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money5.remittance—汇款the sending of money or the money sent6.fluctuation—波动irregular movement of (prices, exchange rates etc.)7.drawer—出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter8.sound—健康合理financially satisfactory财政上满意9.ban—禁止prohibit, forbid10.drawee—受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn111.credit-worthiness—资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in makingpayment2.substantial—大量的large, great, considerable3.constitute—组成make up; amount to; form4.applicant of an L/C—出口信用证the importer that goes to a bank for theestablishment of an L/C5.beneficiary—受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for itsexport6.discrepancy—不符difference; absence of agreement7.confirming bank—保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C8.bill of exchange—汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for thepurpose of payment9.underlying—作为基础forming the basis of10.reimburse—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent121.clean credit—光票信用证a credit that does not require shipping documents forpayment2.cancel—作废not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon3.leading bank—主要银行major bank, most important bank4.impeccable—完美的faultless5.insolvent—无力偿还的unable to pay debts6.sight credit—即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made uponpresentation of the draft7.maturity—到期becoming due8.after sight—见票之后after presentation of draft9.middleman—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer andthe consumer10.sustain—遭受suffer131.documentation—证明文件the presentation and use of shipping documents2.consignee—收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped3.shipping marks—唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol foridentification in the course of transportation4.discrepancy—不符absence of agreement5.liability—责任what one is responsible for according to law6.apparent—表明上according to appearance; seeming7.insurance policy—保险单a document used for covering possible risks8.discount—折扣amount of money that may be taken off the full amount9.title—抬头right to the possession of a position or property10.invoice—发票a document for the general description of the goods and the price141 alternative—供选择a choice from two or more possibilities.2 modes—运输方式different forms of transportation3 fundamental—极其重要的very important4 ownership—所有权legal right of possession5 intermediate products—中间产品semi-manufactures6 commercial intercourse—商业交流business dealings between individuals or firms7 unload卸货—getting goods off a carrier8 package—包装combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit9 distribution—分布the marketing, transporting, merchandising, and selling of any item10 destination—目的地the terminal to which goods are sent151 insured—被保险人a person covered by an insurance policy2 premium—保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract3 potential loss—潜在损失loss which is possible to incur4 viability—能力ability to succeed in operation5 claim—索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy6 margin—利润amount above what is estimated as necessary7 underwriter—保险公司a person who carries on insurance as a business8 consumption—消费the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value9 compensation—赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss10 pooling—联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage161 field—领域a sphere of activity2 incidence—发生occurrence3 multi-modal transportation—多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and air4 diminish—减少降低the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss5 indemnity—赔偿compensation for loss6 subrogate—代为追偿to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person7 legal action—法律行动an action taken against someone in accordance with the law8 leader—领导者an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business9 deposit—存款money paid as part payment that is owned10 compulsory—义务that must be done171 peg—钉住to keep fixed or unchanged2 redeem—兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock3 settlement—结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc4 exchange rate—汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency5 fluctuations—波动upward and downward movements in the economic system6 gold reserves—黄金储备量the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard.7 money circulation—货币流通money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services8 devaluation—货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies9 offset—补偿to set one value against another or as equal to another10 par—标准equal in value, on the same level181 affiliate—隶属a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern2 institutions—体系an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object3 productivity—生产力power of being productive4 loans—借贷something lent on condition of being returned, especially a sum of money lent at interest5 prerequisite—先决条件required as a condition for something else6 cyclical—周期循环recurring in cycles7 maturity—到期the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due8 reserve—储备金money held aside to meet future demand9 investment—投资the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns10 stringent—严格的strict, that must be obeyed191 quota—配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity2 VER—自动出口限制an agreement by a country’s exporters o r government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country3 acquisition—获得company expansion through the phrase of other business4 synergy—协同作用benefits from combining different business, normally claimed by the promoters of mergers5 rebate—减少reduce6 intellectual property—知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, andcopy-right7 tax holiday—免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied8 return—收益the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment9 access—使用权a way by which a place, esp. property, can be reached or entered or used10 joint venture—合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms201 market place—市场a place in which securities are sold and bought2 securities—担保stocks and bonds3 gilts—金边债券stocks issued by government4 information—信息knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance5 qualifications—资格证书competence6 membership—成员the state of being a member of a certain organization7 practitioner—从业者a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation8 cost-effective—成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure9 shortfall—差额deficiency10 equities—股本company stocks211 ratify—批准make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.2 controversy—争论public argument about sth. which many people disagree with3 biennial—两年一次happening every alternate year4 clout—权利influence5 anti-dumping—反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured6 mandate—授权authority given to perform a duty7 stillborn—死胎的(of a child) dead at birth; (of an idea or a plan) not developing further8 contracting party—缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement9 akin to—类似的similar, related to10 optimal—最佳的best or most favorable221 terms of trade—贸易条件the relation of export and import prices2 preference—优先权a practical advantage given to one over others3 export earnings—出口收入money earned on the sales of goods to other countries4 provisions—食品a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded5 tariffs—壁垒customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports6 invisible—无形trade in services7 board—董事会an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities ofa firm8 permanent—不变的lasting9 counterpart—副本，配对物a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function10 forum—论坛an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。

国际商务的名词解释国际商务是指跨国界进行的商业活动和交流，涉及到不同国家之间的贸易、投资、金融、法律和文化等方面。

随着全球化的推进，国际商务的重要性也日益凸显。

为了更好地理解国际商务的相关概念和术语，下面将对其中一些常见名词进行解释。

一、贸易术语解释1. 出口（Export）：指将产品和服务从一个国家出售到其他国家的行为。

出口对于国家经济发展和国际贸易的平衡至关重要。

2. 进口（Import）：指从其他国家购买产品和服务并引入本国的行为。

进口可以满足国内需求，丰富市场多样性。

3. 贸易赤字（Trade Deficit）：指一个国家进口商品和服务的总额超过其出口总额，导致贸易逆差。

贸易赤字可能会对国家经济产生负面影响，如压力增加和就业市场不稳定。

4. 贸易顺差（Trade Surplus）：指一个国家出口商品和服务的总额超过其进口总额，导致贸易盈余。

贸易顺差可以增加国内外汇储备，促进经济增长。

二、投资术语解释1. 直接外国投资（Foreign Direct Investment，FDI）：指一个国家的企业直接投资于另一个国家的企业、项目或资产。

FDI可以增加就业机会，促进技术和知识的转移，推动经济增长。

2. 外国合资企业（Joint Venture）：指由两个或多个外国公司或个人与当地企业或个人共同组建的企业。

合资企业可以共同分享资源、技术和市场，扩大业务规模。

3. 跨国公司（Multinational Corporation，MNC）：指在多个国家运营和管理业务的大型企业。

跨国公司通过在不同国家设立子公司或分支机构来实现全球化经营。

三、金融术语解释1. 外汇市场（Foreign Exchange Market）：指货币交换的市场，用于购买和销售不同国家的货币。

外汇市场的波动可以影响国际贸易和金融流动。

2. 汇率（Exchange Rate）：指一种货币兑换另一种货币的比率。

汇率的变动会影响到国际贸易的成本和竞争力。

国际商务英语术语解释国际商务英语燕园术语解释1.Customs union：a customs area extengding beyond national boundaries toinclude two or more independent nations is called a customs union.关税同盟：一个海关区extengding以外国界包括两个或两个以上独立的国家被呼吁一个关税同盟。

2.Trade terms：trade terms are terms used in international trade to describlethe general information about the trade ,such as the unit price port of shipment,port of destination and the kind of currency. （贸易术语：贸易术语术语使用在国际贸易值得要的一般信息关于行业，例如单价装运港，目的港，币种。

）3.Protectionism：protectionism is a trade barrier to international trade forthe purpose of protecting a nation's own domestic market and industries.It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.（保护主义：保护主义一个贸易壁垒国际贸易为了保护一个国家的自己国内市场，industries。

it包括关税壁垒，非关税壁垒。

）4.Multinational enterprise：a multinational enterprise is a trade barrierto international trade for the purpose of protecting a nation's own domestic market and industries.It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers. （跨国企业：一个跨国企业一个贸易壁垒国际贸易为了保护一个国家的自己国内市场，industries。

商务英语涉及许多专业术语，以下是其中一些常见的术语：1. 国际贸易术语（INCOTERMS）：是一套国际贸易中常用的术语，用于明确买卖双方在货物运输、保险、关税等方面的责任和费用。

常见的国际贸易术语包括FOB（船上交货）、CIF（成本加保险费加运费）等。

2. 商业发票（Commercial Invoice）：是出口商向进口商开立的说明货物名称、数量、价值、装运条款等内容的账单，是进口商清关、报税的重要文件。

3. 提单（Bill of Lading）：是承运人签发的证明货物已经装船并保证在指定目的地交货给收货人的凭证。

4. 信用证（Letter of Credit）：是一种由银行开立的保证付款文件，进口商凭以向出口商支付货款的支付方式。

5. 谈判（Negotiation）：是指贸易双方就交易条件进行协商，达成一致意见的过程。

6. 贸易壁垒（Trade Barrier）：是指妨碍国际贸易进行的因素，例如关税、配额、许可证等。

7. 反倾销税（Anti-dumping Duties）：是一种保护国内产业的措施，对倾销商品征收反倾销税，以消除其对国内产业的损害。

8. 贸易顺差/逆差（Trade Surplus/Deficit）：是指一国出口总额与进口总额之间的差额，贸易顺差表示出口额大于进口额，贸易逆差表示进口额大于出口额。

9. 贸易伙伴关系（Trade Partnership）：是指两个或多个国家之间通过签订贸易协定或建立自由贸易区等方式建立的贸易关系，旨在促进贸易自由化和加强经济合作。

10. 贸易条件（Terms of Trade）：是指一国出口商品与其进口商品之间的价格关系，通常用出口商品价格指数与进口商品价格指数之比来表示。

以上仅是商务英语中常用的一些术语，实际上商务英语中还有许多专业术语，根据具体的行业和业务领域有所不同。

50个名词解释《国际商务》1、微观国际商务管理：是指某个企业或企业集团从自身利益角度出发，在从事国际商务活动过程中寻找、分析、评价有利的市场机会和不利的市场风险，做出相应决策并加以实施的一系列管理过程。

2、招标：指购买产品或（服务）发包工程的机构欲将购买商品（服务）的名称规格、数量等级等成交的条件、方式、要求或者发包工程项目的概况、数量、质量、工期要求等信息，提供给多家愿意提供产品（服务）或承包工程的机构，要求后者对提供产品和承包工作的价格和其他条件进行报价，然后从中选择与自己条件最接近、最优越的投标人达成交易的行为。

3、仲裁：又称公断，是指买卖双方在纠纷发生之前或发生之后，签订书面协议，自愿将纠纷提交双方所同意的第三者予以裁决，以解决纠纷的一种方式。

仲裁具有法律约束力，当事人双方必须遵照执行。

4、FOB：即装运港船上交货价，是国际贸易中常用的价格术语之一。

采用这一价格术语是指卖方在合同规定的装运港把货物装到买方指定的船上，并负责承担货物在装运港越过船舷前的一切费用和风险。

5、许可证贸易：又称许可贸易，是交易双方以签订技术使用许可协议的形式所进行的技术贸易，即通过签订许可证协议，许可人允许受许可人在一定条件下使用他的专利、商标或专有技术，而受许可人支付一定的报酬，作为取得此项使用权的价格的交易。

6、国民待遇原则：是指世界贸易组织的任一成员方在本国市场上对来自其他成员方的进口产品，在从其入境到被最终消费的整个过程中给予的一切待遇不应低于本国的同类产品。

7、自愿出口限制：是指出口国家或地区在进口国的压力下，自动规定在一定时期内特定商品对进口国的出口额度，超过额度即禁止出口。

8、信用证：是一种银行开立的有条件的承诺付款的书面文件，是一种银行信用，一经开出就是独立的完整的合同文件，在信用证方式下，实行的是凭单付款的原则。

信用证支付解决了汇付和托收中买卖双方风险承担责任严重不平衡的缺陷，使买卖双方的权利都得到了可靠的保障。

国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语是指在全球范围内从事商业交易时所必须使用的英语。

随着全球化的发展，商务交流的范围和频率不断增加，因此学习国际商务英语就显得尤为重要。

以下是一些国际商务英语的复习资料。

一、商务英语词汇商务英语中常用的词汇包括：合同、报价、采购、销售、运输、保险、货款、退税、仓储、质检、市场调研、营销策划等。

其中，一些重要的词汇需要掌握其中英文对照，如：报价-quotation，采购-procurement，销售-sale，运输-transportation，保险-insurance，货款-payment，退税-tax refund，质检-quality inspection，市场调研-market research，营销策划-marketing plan。

熟练掌握这些词汇可以帮助我们更清楚地理解商务文档中的内容。

二、商务信函写作商务信函是国际商务交流中必不可少的形式。

良好的商务信函不仅可以传达准确的信息，还可以展示企业的专业形象。

商务信函主要分为询价信、报价信、订货信、发货信、付款信、索赔信等。

对于不同类型的信函，其结构和语言表达也应该有所差异。

在写商务信函时，需要注意语言表达清晰、客观、礼貌、得体。

同时，需要把握好信函的结构，包括称呼、主体、结尾等部分，以达到有效传达信息的目的。

三、商务会谈口语商务会谈是国际商务交流中最为常见的形式。

在商务会谈中，除了需要准确的英语表达外，还需要注意交际礼仪等细节。

商务会谈中需要掌握的词汇包括：问候、自我介绍、说明会谈目的、提出问题、回答问题、提出合作方案等。

此外，对于商务会谈中可能出现的文化差异和语言障碍，需要提前做好准备。

四、商务演示文稿商务演示文稿是国际商务交流中展示企业形象和推销产品的重要形式。

在商务演示文稿中，需要掌握一些重要的表达方式和技巧，如重点突出、逻辑清晰、简明扼要、举例说明等。

此外，还需要注意语言表达和PPT设计的美学效果，以营造出具有吸引力的演示效果。