虚拟语气用法小结
白杨林
河南省社旗县第二高级中学
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的事或话不是事实，而是一种假设，愿望，怀疑或推测。它主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句中。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
虚拟语气常用在条件句中，表假设的情况与事实相反或不太可能实现，这种句子称为虚拟条件句。可分为下列几种情况：
（一）由if引导虚拟条件句。如：If I were you,I should study hard.如:If you had come here,you could have met my brother.这种句子的谓语动词一般分三种情况：
1、假设的条件与现在的事实相反，主从句的谓语动词应为：If主+动词过去式或were…，主+would/should/could/might+V、（原形）（主句中should 一般只用于第1人称）。如：If it were not for the smowy weather ,we would be all right.
例1、If I you,I would go with him to the party.
A、was
B、were
C、had been
D、will be
析：该句为if引导的条件句，从主语谓语看“would go”（是与现在事实相反），套用上边句型，从句谓语应为动词过去式，若是be动词应为were，所以该题答案应为B。
2、假设的条件与过去事实相反，其句子结构应为：If+主+had done…，主+would/could/should/mi ght+have done…
例2、 more careful,his ship would not have sunk.
A、If the captain were
B、Had the captain been
C、Should the captain be
D、If the captain would have been
析：该题题干部分有一谓语动词为would not have sunk，由此可知是对过去事情的虚拟，便可推出从句的谓语动词应为had done形式，再看选项，
含有had done的只有B，该题正确答案即是B。（当if引导的虚拟条件中有were,had,should时，可省略if，把were,had,should提到主语之前）。
3、与将来的事实相反或对将来的推测
从句动词用动词过去式或were to+v（原）或should+v（原），主句用would/should/could/might+v（原）如：
If there were to be meeting this tvening,I would come.如果今晚没有会议的话，我就来。
例3、If it tomorrow,we would have to put off the sport meet.
A、were rain
B、should rain
C、would rain
D、will rain
析：根据语境中的tomorrow，可知是表将来的条件句谓语可用did/werre to/should do，主句用would do根据所给选项只有B项正确。
（二）由介词without,but for等构成的短语所表示的虚拟条件如：But for the air(=If there were no air),no life on earth could have been developed.如果没有空气，地球上就不可能产生任何生命。
（三）通过上下文体现虚拟条件，句子往往有but,other
wise,unfortunately等类似转折词。如：He would gain weight but he doesn't eat enough.（=If he ate much,he would gain weight.）他本可以增加体重，但他吃得不够多。
She ran,othervvise she would have missed her bus.（=If she had not run,she would have missed her bus.）她要是不跑，就错过了这趟公共汽车了。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
（一）在wish后的宾语从句中，表示一种愿望，此时that常省略，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，分三种情况：
1、宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，从句中谓语用动词过去式或。如：I wish
I were with her now.
2、宾语从句表示与过去事实相反，则用“had+过去分词”。
如：I wish I had not failed in the last exam.
3、宾从表示与将来事实或不确定的将来事实相反用
would/should/could/might+v（原）。
如："I wish you would help me to put these things away,"he said.
2、在表建议要求，命令、主张等动词如suggest(建议)advise request,demand ,order, command等词后的宾语从句中，谓语要用虚拟语气，其结构是should+v原 shoudl可省。如：I suggest that you (should) go home as soon as possible.
3、用在表语从句和同位语从句中。
如果含有表建议、命令、请求、愿望等词的相应名词如：
suggestion,advice,order,insistance作主语则表从用should+v（原）should可省，若它们后跟同位语从句也用should+v（原）如：Your suggestion that I(should)go abroad is right.
His suggestion is that we(should)have the meeting now.
4、用在would rather,had rather等后的宾从中谓语动词应用过去时或过去完成时。如：
I would rather you were not here.
I'd rather you had been present.我宁愿你当时在场。
5、用在It is important/mecessary/…或It's a pity等结构中的主语从句中。如：It is important that the TOEFL office(should) confirm your registration.
三、用于其它从句中的虚拟语气
1、在as if/as though从句表不可实现的事。如：
I love her as if/though she were my daughter.
2、It is(high)time that主+ v过去式/should+v原。如：
It is time that the government took/should take measures to proteet the race birds and animals.
3、for fear that主+should+v原。如：
He is working hard for fear that he should fall behind.
