高中英语语法系列
动词时态和语态
动词时态
I.一般现在时
一般现在时表示现在的习惯或反复的动作，常与every day , once a week , often , seldom , sometimes 等时间状语连用。
如：
(1)Tom writes to his father once a month .
考点1 ：某些动词如go , be , come , leave , take off , start , return , 它们的一般现在时表示安排或计划好的将来动作。
如：
(2)The plane takes off at 9 .
(3)暑假7月1日开始。
________________.
(4)到重庆的火车9点到达。
________________________.
考点2 ：在表示时间或条件状语从句里，动词的一般式代替一般将来时。
如：
(5)When he comes , please tell him to wait .
(6)As soon as I arrive in Beijing , I will write to you .
(7)如果你没有收到邀请，就不要来。
Unless ____________________________ .
考点3 ：在间接引语里，客观真理用现在时。
(8)Our teacher told them that the earth travels around the sun .
II.一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去的事情，状态，动作，常和yesterday , two days ago , just now , the other day , last week 等连用。
如：
(9)Tom was thin when he was a boy .
考点1 ：过去一连串的动作并列时，都用过去时。
(10)I went to the market , bought some bananas , and visited my uncle .
考点 2 ：表过去某一时间内经常或反复发生的动作行为，也可用used to do /would do.如：
(11)H e is not what he used to be .
(12)H e would study hard deep into the night when he was a student .
考点 3 ：注意瞬间过去时
(13)I didn’t you were in Beijing .
(14)I though you were from the USA.
III.一般将来时
一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态。
常与某些表将来的时间状语连用。
如tomorrow , next week , from now on , in a week 等。
如：
(15)I will take a bus to the city this afternoon .
考点 1 ：in + 一段时间，应用将来时；而after + 一段时间，应用过去时。
如：
(16)H e will be back in two weeks / in two weeks / in two-week time / two weeks away .
(17)H e was back after two weeks / two weeks later .
考点 2 ：其它一些表示一般将来的方式：
be going to
●be about to do 即将…, 要…；
The train is about to leave in two minutes . ( F )
The train is about to leave .
●be to do即将或注定要发生
The president is to visit China .
The experiment is to be carried out this afternoon .
●be + 动词ing
When are you leaving ? On Sunday .
IV.现在进行时
现在进行时表正在进行的动作或状态。
如：
(18)H e is writing a letter at present .
考点：常与always , often , all time 等连用，表习惯性动作，且带有浓厚的感情色彩。
如：(19)你一直做得不错。
____________________ .
(20)T hey are talking too much all the time .
V. 现在完成时
现在完成时表示现在刚完成的动作，常用时间状语already ,yet , not …yet , just , by this time 等。
如：
(21)I have just met a foreigner . Cf . I met a foreigner just now .
考点 1 ：表示过去持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for , since 连用。
即：
主语+has / have + done + for + 一段时间/ since + 过去某时间。
(22)我好久没见到他了。
I ______________________.
(23)自从我进入巴县中学来，我已经结交了很多朋友。
I have met a lot of friends since I entered Baxian Middle School .
考点 2 ：瞬间动词（如die , arrive , get , come , buy , sell 等）的现在完成时不能与一段时间连用，需换成其它形式。
(24)这本书他已买了两天了。
He has bought the book for two days . ( F )
He has had the book for two days . ( T )
He bought the book two days ago . ( T )
It’s two days since he bought the book . ( T )
考点 3 ：in / for / during + the last / past + 一段时间多与现在完成式连用。
(25)G reat changes have taken place for the last 20 years in China .
(26)C hina was poor in the past .
考点 4 ：注意同现在完成进行时的区分have / has been doing .
(27)I have been learning English since 1999 .
VI. 过去完成时
过去完成时指过去某个动作发生以前的动作,即“过去的过去”；常与by ,by the end of , before , for , since 等连用。
如：
(28)T he train had gone before we reached the station .
(29)B y the time he was 12 , he had learned English well .
(30)I had done my homework before you came here .
考点 1 ：句型hardly … when …; no sooner … than …一…就…
(31)H ardly had he begun to speak when the others interrupted him .
(32)N o sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left .
考点 2 ：动词hope , plan , mean , want , think 的过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事。
如：
(33)W e had hoped to catch the 3:30 train , but we found it gone .
(34)I had planned to attend the meeting the night before , but someone called on me .
考点 3 ：同一般过去时，现在完成时的区分
(35)生命30000年前就开始了。
________________________.
(36)在过去20年，我们学校发生了很大的变化。
____________________________________________________ .
(37)到中午的时候我已经做完了作业。
______________________________________________________ .
VII.过去进行时
考点 1 ：过去在做某事不一定做完用过去进行时。
如：
(38)H e was writing a book but I don’t whether he had finished it .
考点 2 ：过去某个时候在做某事。
如：
(39)W hen I said someone was stupid , I wasn’t referring to you .
(40)--- Be careful ! You might run unto a car .
--- Sorry , I wasn’t noticing / I didn’t notice .
VIII.过去将来时
IX. 将来完成时
(41)B y the end of next month , we will have finished the task .
X. 将来进行时
(42)A t 7 this evening , I will be watching TV.
被动语态
考点 1 ：不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen , take place , break out , come about , occur , belong to , last , look , smell 等。
(43)A sports meet will take place in our school next week .( = A sports meet will be held …)
(44)A fire broke out in the center of the city .
考点 2 ：某些动词以主动形式表示被动意义，尤其主于事物时。
如：
(45)T he books sell well .
(46)T he pen writes quite smoothly .
(47)T he door won’t lock .
考点 3 ：当句子的主要动词是say , believe , think , know , consider , hope 等时，使用被动语态时有两种方式。
(48)P eople think he is a good student .
It’s thought that he is a good student . (=He is thought to be a good student .)
He is considered to have invented the first computer .
专项训练
1. Do you think Sam will call his old teacher as soon as he ____ in town .
A . will be arrived
B . is arriving
C . arrives
D . will arrive
2. Don’t get off the bus until it ____ .
A . has stopped
B . stopped
C . will stop
D . shall stop
3. The water will be further polluted unless some measures(措施) ____ .
A . will be taken
B . are taken
C . were taken
D .had been taken
4. When Jack arrived , he learned that Mary _____ for almost an hour .
A .had gone
B . had set off
C . had been away
D . had left
5. We haven’t heard from him for a long time .What do you think _____ to her ?
A . was happening
B .to happen
C .has happened
D . had happened
6. --- It’s you ! I ____ you . --- I’ve just had my hair cut .
A . didn’t recognize
B . hadn’t recognize
C . haven’t recognized
D . don’t recognize
7. From this letter I know that he ____ a French girl for 10 years .
A . had got married
B . had married
C . is married
D . had been married
8. --- Did you meet Jack at the station ?
--- No , he ____ by the time I _____ there .
A . had left ; got
B .has left ; reached
C . was leaving ; got
D . left ; had got
9. In some parts of the world , tea ____ with milk and sugar .
A . is serving
B . is served
C . serves
D . served
10. Since your bike ______ repaired , you may use mine .
A . has been
B . had been repaired
C . is being
D . was
11. You shouldn’t g o anywhere . The train _____ .
A . will leave
B . is leaving
C . left
D . leaves
12. Don’t worry . If he said he ___ help you , he will .
A . shall
B . will
C . would
D . ought
13. There ____ a lot of changes here in the last 30 years .
A . have been
B . have had
C . had been
D . was
14. Hundreds of jobs ____ if the factory closes.
A . lose
B . will be lost
C . are lost
D . will lose
15. --- Hi , Tracy , you looked tired .
--- I am tired . I _______ the living room all day .
A . painted
B . had painted
C . have been painting
D . have painted
16.--- Don’t forget to come to my birthday .--- ______ .
A . I don’t
B . I wo n’t
C . I can’t
D . I haven’t。
