地道科技英语句子写作
地道科技英语句子(Standard Sentence)的写作，在用词、句型和句子结构等方面都很有讲究，就句型和句子结构而言，表达要简洁是准则之一。首先，要避免赘词和不必要的复杂句子结构，要避免无意义的词语和结构，其次，对于由于含有较多信息而形成的长句，可采用以短代长（用短语代替从句（状语从句和定语从句等））、用词化的手段表意和用省略手段等使句子简洁、结构紧凑。下面就以短代长介绍常用的几种表达方法：
一、用短语代替从句
A. 名词短语（名词化结构）
1构成：名词短语，由一个中心名词及其修饰语组成。在其中，有一类名词短语，称为名词化结构（Nominalization），在该名词短语中，中心名词一般为表示动作或状态的名词或动名词。典型的结构为：“n. 1＋ of ＋n. 2＋介词＋n. 3”，其中，n. 1，n. 2和n. 3 都为名词或动名词。
名词短语还包括名词连用，即中心名词前有一个以上其他名词，它们都为中心名词的前置修饰语。名词短语还有其他形式。
2功能：名词短语在科技英语句子中经常使用，它常常包含主要或较多信息，使句子结构简单、紧凑。如名词短语可替代时间、条件和原因状语从句，使复合句变成简单句。名词短语在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和介词宾语等。
3例句：
(1) If water waves are compared with radio waves , it can be shown that …
(A comparison of water waves with radio waves shows that … )（作主语，代替条件状语从
句）
(2) Since there is no atmosphere in space, scientists could make pure drugs there.
(The absence of atmosphere in space would enable scientists to make pure drugs there. ) （作主语，代替原因状语从句）
(3) In order that the electrical operation of the ferrites can be successful, it is demanded that…
( Successful electrical operation of the ferrites demands that… ) （作主语，代替目的状语从句）
(4) After the feedback is added, the output becomes stable.
(The addition of the feedback makes the output stable. ) （作主语，代替时间状语从句）(5) The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. (作主语)
地球饶轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。
(6) Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. (作
表语)
电视通过无线电波发射和接收移动物体的图象。
(7) The curve shows the variation of the current in the circuit with the applied voltage.（作宾语）
这条曲线画出了该电路的电流随外加电压的变化情况。
(8) The rate of decrease of power with increased case temperature is θjc. （作主语）
功率随管壳温度增加而下降的速率为θjc。
(9) The dependence of y upon x is expressed by y=f(x). （作主语）
Y对于x的依从关系用y=f(x)来表示。
(10) Ellipses are used to describe the motions of the planets around the sun. （作宾语）
我们用椭圆来描述行星绕太阳的运行情况。
(11) We have discussed the passage of an electric current through liquid solutions of acids, bases
and salts. （作宾语）
我们讨论了电流通过酸、碱、盐溶液的情况。
(12) The resolution of a force into x- and y- components is possible. （作主语）
我们可以把一个力分解成x分量和y分量。
(13) These special problems arise from the use of atomic energy as a source of power. （作介词
宾语）
这些特殊问题是把原子能用作能源时产生的。
(14) A comparison of Eq. (4) with Eq. (6) leads to the following relations. （作主语）
把式（4）和式（6）相比较，我们就得到了以下几个关系式。
(15) The energy radiated by the sun is due to the continuous transformation of hydrogen into
helium in its interior. （作介词宾语）
太阳辐射的能量是由于在其内部连续地把氢转变成氦所引起的。
(16) Speed is defined as the ratio of distance to time. （作介词宾语）
速度被定义为距离与时间之比。
(17) These sparse data have demonstrated that further studies on the application of ozonation
for the degradation of NPs, as a group of quite bio-resistant toxic compounds are required.
（作介词宾语）
这些分散的数据已经表明，进一步研究用臭氧化作用降解 NPs（一组生物难降解和毒性的化合物）是必需的。
B. 介词短语(含with 短语)
1构成：由“介词＋名词或代词”构成。
2功能：介词短语可替代从句，在句中作定语、状语等。其中“with 短语”更加常见。
3例句:
(1) Upon substitution of the actual magnitudes, v turned out to be the velocity of light.
(After they had substituted the actual magnitudes, v turned out to be the velocity of light.)
(2) At a temperature greater than 60 ,
(If the temperature is greater than 60 , … )
(3) In our study of electricity,
(When we studied electricity,)
(4) Because of the large scattering cross section of the target,
(Because the scattering cross section of the target is large , )
(5) For a given resistance,
(If the resistance is given,… )
(6) The building under construction (that is being constructed ) will be a computer factory.
在介词短语中，“with 短语”较为常见。处在句首时，常表示“对于；有了；在……
情况下”等的意思，作状语。
(1) With the alternating current, things are different.
对于交流电来说，情况就不同了。
(2) With radar, we can see distant objects.
有了雷达，我们可以看到远方的物体。
处在句尾时，常表示结果、附加说明等，常作状语。
(1) With few exceptions chemical engineers, because of their process orientation, are generally better equipped than civil engineers to handle problems related to using recycled materials and
