完整版英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit3

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic. Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species. However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out.The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out. When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months. Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals.Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life. There is no longer any doubt that this is happeningSpecies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your body's control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow food and settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.) (With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.) (The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone AddictionI took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spent an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude Boss Hey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that. Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.) (The employee treats the manager respectfully.)Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple. It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.It’s got to be one or the other.It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view.From his point of view, the probabilities are different.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. That’s because he knows what he has.For him there is no uncertainty.If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%. So the probability depends on your point of view.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 2People see things from different points of view.This often leads to arguments between people.Here are some examples.From this man’s point of view, he is relax ing.He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently.She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.From her point of view, he is doing nothing.However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions.These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful.One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.Accidents with fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or ebola.Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain.Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires.Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.Followers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago, in the middle east.Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – ReligionsvFollowers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study. Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the Middle East.Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the mostimportant prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India. Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Dialogue - Missing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared.What about the last communication with the aircraft?The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.Was there anything unusual in the communication?No, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the search.Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take. Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet?What are you talking about?You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxes?No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t find the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.2 men tried to escape twice.2 drowned and 5 were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when 6 prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the most notorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.(No prisoner ever escaped from Alcatraz.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Graphs & ChartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X-axis and the Y-axis.The X-axis often shows time while the Y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart, or org chart shows the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.(Line graphs are very good at showing how things change over time.)(A flowchart shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country.Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing a crime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(An action that is against the law is an illegal action.)(Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.)(An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Dialogue - Currency ExchangeMay I help you, sir?I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to change?I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please?I don’t have it with me, but I do h ave my driver’s license.Would that be OK?No, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passport?I understand your frustration s ir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestions?Sure, the easiest thing for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here. You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that?No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time.You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than 100 million dollars a year. Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor. His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.(When he went out,he loved to be the center of attention.)(The largest portion of its income was from the illegal sales of liquor.)In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia.Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Economic TermsIncome is money received for a work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payments.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services. Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police, and health care. An income tax, is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money. （People pay taxes to pay for government services.）Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality Types Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers.Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things. They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways. Many artists and musicians are very creative.(Independent people may want to do things their own way.)(Loyal people will act to support the decisions of the group.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 1 Congratulations Lisa!Congratulations for what?We just heard the news.What news? Don't keep me in suspense.QuickServe has accepted your video proposal.Already？I just submitted it a week ago.Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision.They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects.They need to be finished first.Can't you delay some of our other projects?I'm not sure, how important is this project?They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal. They really like it.It's a very creative way of presenting their company.It had everybody laughing.Yes, that was the idea.It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.Well, great job.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2(She submitted her proposal a week ago.)(Everything depends on how important the project is.)(To delay something means to postpone it.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 2When can you get started on the project?Are they going to pay extra?In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.Was that in the proposal?Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right awayThey'll also need to make an advance payment.That was in the proposal, too.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited.OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before.(They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.)21。

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.The first life appeared about a billion years later.The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic.Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species.However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out. The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out.When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.This led to the deaths of many more species.Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals.Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.There is no longer any doubt that this is happeningSpecies of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body SystemsThe body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and veins.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.This is your body's control system.It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great DiscoveriesThe controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder climates.Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.With the invention of agriculture, people could grow foodand settle into communities.By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things such as art.The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and work.By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and clothing.The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and transportation.The development of tools and machines has resulted in moreefficient manufacturing and construction.With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much lower costs.The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including communications.With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to communicate over long distances.(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)(With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)(The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone Addiction I took a vacation last night.What are you talking about?Where did you take your vacation?I didn't go anywhere.I just spent an evening without my smartphone.How was it?It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.It was very peaceful.Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.You know what?I'm beginning to hate smartphones.Really? but you can't live without one, right?Yes, that's the problem.These things are changing the way people live.Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her smartphone.What happened? Did they get a divorce?You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.It's a bit ironic, don't you think?Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.Yes, you are right.Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude BossHey, wake up and get back to work.What's wrong with you?I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.Well, we are not paying you to sleep.If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.It had better not.Just a minute.Don't talk to me like that.What did you say?You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.OK, I will. I've had enough of you.I'll get a job somewhere else.(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.)(The employee treats the manager respectfully.)Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple.It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.It’s got to be one or the other.It can’t be anything else.Now let’s look at it from the man’s p oint of view.From his point of view, the probabilities are different.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.That’s because he knows what he has.For him there is no uncertainty.If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.He either has it or he doesn’t.From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.So the probability depends on your point of view.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 2People see things from different points of view.This often leads to arguments between people.Here are some examples.From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing.He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.His wife sees things differently.She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.From her point of view, he is doing nothing.However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different conclusions.These differences can cause real communication problems.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – DisastersEarthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive purposes.Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful.One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.Accidents with fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or ebola.Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy rain.Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce lightning, which can cause forest fires.Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.Followers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship. Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago, in the middle east.Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – ReligionsvFollowers of the islam religion are called Muslims.These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years ago.Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship. Followers of Judaism are called Jews.These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the Middle East.Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most important prophet.Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha. The religion is about 25 hundred years old.Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any thought.Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.Level4 Unit2 Part2 Dialogue - Missing AircraftDo you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared. What about the last communication with the aircraft?The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared. Was there anything unusual in the communication?No, there wasn't anything unusual.Nothing pointed to any kind of problem.Anyway, we are confident that we will find it.It’s a large aircraft so it shouldn’t be difficult to find.How many countries are helping with the search.Right now, we have search teams from 3 countries starting the search.It’s a big area to search, so can you give us an estimate about how long it will take.Yes, it’s a big area so it might take a long time.But we won’t give up.We will search until we find it.Have they found the wreckage yet?What are you talking about?You know, the airplane that disappeared last year.Oh, yes, now I know what you are referring to.Yes, they found some piece of it.What about the black boxes?No, they still haven’t found the black boxes.It’s hard to believe they still don’t know what happened.Perhaps they’ll never know, especially if they don’t fin d the black boxes.Whatever happened to it, there is no good reason why a modern airline is allowed to disappear.I agree with you.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 1Alcatraz is a small island in San Francisco Bay, 1.5 miles from San Francisco.From Alcatraz, you can see the famous Golden Gate Bridge.Alcatraz is also famous and is now a major tourist attraction.Tourists can reach the island by boat from the city.Alcatraz has often appeared in movies, including "Escape from Alcatraz" which was made in 1979.One reason it’s famous is because it used to be a prison, a very special prison.It was designed for prisoners who were causing trouble in other prisons, such as trying to escape.It was a maximum security prison, so escape was almost impossible.The waters around it are cold, and only very strong swimmers can swim from the island to San Francisco.The first group of prisoners arrived in 1934.There were 137 prisoners, including bank robbers and murderers.They came by train from another prison in the state of Kansas.During that trip there was heavy security.The prisoners were under guard and handcuffed.Nobody wanted them to escape.Level4 Unit2 Part3 Listening - Alcatraz 2The prison was designed to hold up to 336 prisoners.However the average population was only about 270.Although there were several notorious inmates, such as Al Capone, most of the inmates were not well-known.Many had tried to escape from other prisons or were considered violent.If a man did not behave at another prison, he could be sent to Alcatraz.At Alcatraz there was just one inmate in each prison cell.Prison life at Alcatraz was highly structured and boring.It was designed to teach prisoners to follow rules.They had four rights: food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.Everything else was a privilege that had to be earned.Privileges included working, visits from family members, and access to the prison library.There were also activities such as painting and music.Once a prisoner showed that he could follow the rules, he could be transferred back to another prison to finish his sentence.Alcatraz was used as a prison for 29 years.During that time, no prisoner escaped successfully.There were 14 escape attempts, involving 36 prisoners.Twenty-three were caught alive, and six were shot and killed.2 men tried to escape twice.2 drowned and 5 were listed as missing and presumed drowned.The most violent escape attempt occurred on May 2nd, 1946 when 6 prisoners tried to escape.That event is called the "Battle of Alcatraz."While it was in use, Alcatraz held some of the mostnotorious criminals in American history, such as Al Capone.Al Capone was a crime boss who built his career in Chicago.The prison was finally closed in 1963.It was closed because it was too expensive to operate.(No prisoner ever escaped from Alcatraz.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Graphs & ChartsA bar graph uses rectangular bars of different lengths to show and compare data.The lengths of the bars are proportional to the values they represent.The bars can be vertical, up and down, or horizontal.A circle graph, often called a pie graph, is shaped like a circle.It is divided into segments that look like pieces of a pie.Percentages are used to compare the segments, which are ordered from biggest to smallest.Line graphs are used to show the relationship between two variables, such as time and distance.These variables are plotted on 2 axes, the X-axis and the Y-axis.The X-axis often shows time while the Y-axis shows how quantities, such as distance, temperature or profits change with time.A flowchart is a type of graph that shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.A flow chart consists of start points, inputs, outputs and decision points.An organizational chart, or org chart shows the structure of a company.It shows how people and departments within a company are connected.It defines the roles and responsibilities of people and departments within a company.(Line graphs are very good at showing how things change over time.)(A flowchart shows how a process or project flows from start to finish.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Vocabulary - Legal TermsLaws are rules that people are supposed to follow.A system of laws governs the behavior of people within a country. Criminals are people who break the law.People who commit a crime are called criminals.Some criminals are very dangerous and need to be put in jail.A jail or prison is a place where criminals are locked behind bars, sometimes for many years.Prisons are designed to keep criminals away from other people.A courthouse is where someone charged with committing acrime goes on trial.In court, evidence is presented to show the guilt or innocence of the person on trial.When someone breaks the law, they may be arrested by the police.To arrest someone means to take and hold them until they go on trial.(An action that is against the law is an illegal action.)(Someone who commits a crime may be sent to prison.)(When a person is charged with breaking a law ,they are tried in a court of law.)(An action that follows the law is a legal action.)Level4 Unit2 Part3 Dialogue - Currency Exchange May I help you, sir?I’d like to change some US dollars into Japanese yen, please.Yes, certainly sir.How much would you like to change?I’d like to change 500 dollars.May I see your passport please?I don’t have it with me, but I do have my driver’s license.Would that be OK?No, I'm sorry, sir.I need to see your passport, it’s the law.Look, I’m not asking for a loan.I just want to convert my dollars into yen.Why do I need my passport?I understand your frustration sir, but that’s the law.I can not do something that is illegal.OK, do you have any suggestions?Sure, the easiest thing for you to do is to use a machine in one of the hotels near here.You can borrow someone’s passport and then do the conversion.So the machine doesn’t check my fingerprints or anything like that?No, sir. But there is a limit as to how much you can change at one time.You also have to pay a higher fee.Thanks for your help.You’re welcome, sir.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 1AI Capone was one of the most famous criminals in American history.He came from an immigrant family.His parents came from Italy, and his father was a barber.As a boy, he belonged to a street gang.He quit school after finishing the 6th grade.He built his career as a crime boss in Chicago.He became boss at 26 when the previous leader was nearly killed.His crime organization made a lot of money, more than 100 million dollars a year.Most of the money came from illegal activities, especially the sale of illegal liquor.His organization was also involved in gambling and prostitution.Capone was a flashy dresser who enjoyed being famous.He protected himself by bribing police and public officials.Though he was involved in the deaths of many, he was never convicted of a serious crime.When he was finally arrested, it was for minor crimes.In 1929, he and his bodyguard were arrested for carrying deadly weapons.For that they were sentenced to a year in prison.Capone was released in nine months for good behavior.(When he went out,he loved to be the center of attention.)(The largest portion of its income was from the illegal sales of liquor.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Listening - AI Capone 2In 1930, Capone was Public Enemy No.1 in Chicago.A year later he was arrested for failure to pay taxes.The government had finally found a way to catch him.After a trial, he was found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in prison.He spent the first two years of his sentence at a prison in Atlanta, Georgia.Then he was sent to Alcatraz, the country's most famous prison.At Alcatraz, he was diagnosed with a disease that began to take over his brain.As a result, he spent much of his time in the prison hospital.By the time he was released from prison in 1939, he was no longer able to lead his organization.He died of a stroke and pneumonia in 1947.Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Economic Terms Income is money received for a work or from investments.For a company to survive, its income needs to be more than its expenses.People who earn a good salary can buy what they need to survive.A receipt is given to you after you have paid for something.A receipt is proof that you have paid for something.A receipt shows that something has been paid for.After paying for something, be sure to get a receipt.An invoice is a request for payments.An invoice lists the prices and products being bought.To invoice someone means to give them a bill for products or services.Once an invoice is paid, it can be used as a receipt.Taxes are what we pay to the government for government services.Taxes pay for many services, such as education, police, and health care.An income tax, is a tax on your income.In some countries, income taxes are very high.Interest is what we pay to lenders when we borrow money.If someone lends you money, you pay interest for the use of that money.（People pay taxes to pay for government services.）Level4 Unit2 Part4 Vocabulary - Personality Types Emotional people often show their feelings and have a bad temper. They make decisions based on the feelings more than facts. Sometimes these people make bad decisions because of their emotions. Leaders are people who take responsibility and are trusted by others. Good leaders make good decisions and get things done.In many situations, others look to them for leadership.Loyal people can be depended on to follow their leader.They will support and protect their leaders and friends.A strong team needs a good leader and loyal followers.Independent people can do things on their own.They often prefer working by themselves.Sometimes they have difficulty working in a group.Creative people come up with new ideas and ways of doing things.They often have a good imagination and can see things in different ways.Many artists and musicians are very creative.(Independent people may want to do things their own way.)(Loyal people will act to support the decisions of the group.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 1 Congratulations Lisa!Congratulations for what?We just heard the news.What news? Don't keep me in suspense.QuickServe has accepted your video proposal.Already？I just submitted it a week ago.Maybe so, but they like it so much that they made a quick decision. They want you to get started on it as soon as possible.That's great news. But I'm still working on some other projects.They need to be finished first.Can't you delay some of our other projects?I'm not sure, how important is this project?They are putting a lot of pressure on us now, especially since they read your proposal.They really like it.It's a very creative way of presenting their company.It had everybody laughing.Yes, that was the idea.It was fun to do, and our whole team thought it was funny.Well, great job.I think it's the best work your team has ever done.(She submitted her proposal a week ago.)(Everything depends on how important the project is.)(To delay something means to postpone it.)Level4 Unit2 Part4 Dialogue - A Video Project 2 When can you get started on the project?Are they going to pay extra?In my proposal, I said the earliest start date would be one month after signing the contract.Was that in the proposal?Yes, it was. Have they signed the contract yet?No, they haven't, but I'm sure they will right awayThey'll also need to make an advance payment.That was in the proposal, too.We can't stop everything else just because they are excited. OK, I'll get back to them and let them know.Yes, please do, I've been through this kind of thing before. (They want to get started earlier than what was in the proposal.)（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

懂你英语Level4 Unit 3 Part1it 3-1 listening时间花费Look at these 2 pie graphs. They show how these 2 people spend their days, not including weekends. The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days. She is a designer who works for a company. As Emma’s graph shows, the biggest portion部分of her day is spent working.She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day.She gets an average of 6 hours to sleep which is 25% of her day. That’s less sleep than Martin gets. According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours to sleep which is about 29% of his day.On the other hand, Martine who is engineer, works more hours than Emma does.Martine average 9 hours a day at work co mpare to Emma’s 8. That’s 37.5% compare to 33%.Other factors shown in the graph included time for meals and commuting to work.Other activities include getting dress and doing household chores such as doing laundry and paying bills. As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time.If he could reduce his commute time, he will have more time for other things. And it isn’t just the time. When the traffic is really heavy his commute is stressful.It will be great if he can work from home one or two days a week. He life will be more enjoyable. And we look at Emma’s graph, we see she probably needs more sleep.Perhaps, she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends.On the other hand, socializing with her friend is something she really values.As for putting on makeup, she isn’t willing to change that.For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stressful work.In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish there were more hours in a day.This next graph shows how various factors compare important to 1350 jobs applicants.Applicants were between 20 to 25 years ago.They were asked to list which factors were most important for a good job.As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25% of the applicants.However, other factors are also important. The second most important factor was the work environment. In other words, for many, money is everything.People want to like where they work.In fact, if we combine working environment and co-workers, the total is 35%.This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits.Taking together, they are more important than salary and benefits.Career path is also important especially for younger applicants.They want to see that their job helps to build a successful career.For older workers, this may not be as important.Older workers often put the higher value on the balance between life and work. What do you think.it 3-1 vocabulary领土、军事、政治、政权状态The government of a country is a control system.Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.The land over which a government has controlled, is its territory /'tɛrətɔri/领土.A country’s territory has boundaries/'baʊndri/ or borders.When you leave or enter a country’s territory, you usually need a passport.The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.A country’s military provides defense for its territory and its citizens.The military includes an army, an air force and a navy.The main purpose of a military, is to defend a country from attack.A country’s criminal justice system includes the police, courts and prisons.Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect the people from criminal activities.A country social services system provides support to people in need.It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.-----------------------------------------------------------------Anarchy /'ænɚki/ n.混乱;无政府状态;无秩序autocracy /ɔ'tɑkrəsi/ n.独裁;独裁统治;独裁政府;独裁政体Oligarchy /'ɑlə'gɑrki/ n.寡头统治的政府;寡头政治的执政集团;寡头统治的国家--------------------------------------------------------------------------A state of anarchy exits when a country has no effective government.In anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.An autocracy is the simplest form of government.In an autocracy, the government is controlled by single individual, known as autocrat.Whether or not an autocracy is successful, depends on the character and ability of the leader.In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.Membership in this group often depends on family connection, wealth or military power.In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.The power of government in a republic is limited by a constitution.A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.This limits the power of a government.A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.it 3-1 dialogue谈论工作I hear you lost your job, is that right?Yes, that’s right. I quit. I quit because the way my boss treats people.What happen.I was n’t feeling good one day and he yelled at me. While I told him not to yell at对...吼叫me, he threatened me. Is that all. That’s what bosses do.Sure, sometime maybe. But my treated everyone badly and I was tired of it. It was the less *The last str ?Yes, it reached the point where I couldn’t take it anymore.I see. So now you d on’t have a job.Right, I don’t have a job.But at least I don’t have to deal with my boss thing. What are you going to do now?To be honest, I’m not sure. but I’ll fine something. I’ll get a job even if it pays less than before.Are you sorry for your quit.Yes and no. I guess I should have found another job first and then quit.Why didn’t you.As I said, he pushed me too far. There were some things that I just won't take.What about your wife.She isn’t happy that I don’t have a job but she understands. S he knows I have temper.And she knows I wasn’t happy working there.Well, I get some luck. My job isn’t great. but I like the people I’m working with and I like my manager.Are you planning to stay there?I don’t know.For now, it’s ok. But of course it al l depends on how things change.Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK.Sure, send me your resume and I’ll let people know you’re looking.Thanks.it 3-2 listening朗朗Lang Lang is one of the world’s greatest concert /'kɑnsɚt/ pianist.His first contact with western music was when he was just 2 years old.He watched the canton/'kæntən/ in which a cat played a famous piece by Franz Liszt 弗朗兹·李斯特（匈牙利作曲家）. From this experience, he decided he wanted to learn to play piano.When he was 3 and a half years ago, he started piano lessons.2 years later, he won first place in the piano competition.This early success gave his father great hope that Lang Land will became the world greatest pianist.When Lang Lang was 9 years ago, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing.They left everything behind including his mother who had to work.Lang Lang didn’t want to leave her behind but his father insisted.His father wanted him to study at famous Central Conservatory of Music 中央音乐学院.When they moved to Beijing, they rented a flat in a poor area of the city.During this time, Lang Lang practiced several hours a day.They started practicing at 5 o’clock which upset his neighbors.They would often pound on敲打his door and ask him to stop practicing.They were so angry that he often feared that they would beat him up毒打.Lang Lang usually had piano lessons once a week to prepare for the conservatory /kən'sɝvətɔri/音乐学校. Nearly 2000 students were applying for just 12 places at the conservatory.His lessons were expensive and very difficult, especially because of his piano teacher.His music teacher didn’t like Lang Lang.He called his teacher professor Angry because she always gave him a hard time.One afternoon, his teacher told him he had no talent and told him to go home.Hearing the news, his father screamed and seemed to lose his mind.His father told him that everything was destroyed and there was no reason to live.He ordered Lang Lang to jump off 跳下来the 11th-floor balcony.After this, Lang Lang almost went crazy. He didn’t want to play the piano anymore.For several months, he neither played the piano nor spoke to his father.Then some friends encouraged him to play a piece for them and he realized his great love of piano.For the next 19 months, he practiced hard and his father encouraged him.Finally, when he was ten, he was accepted into the Conservatory with a full scholarship.In 1995, when he was 13 years old, he played music by show * at Beijing concert hall.In that same year, he won first place at an international competition for young musicians in Japan.When he was 15, he moved to the United States and began to study with the famous pianist at C institute.Since then, he career has grown and he has become a major star.One of the American music critics called him the biggest most exiting key of talent I haven’t encountered many a year of attention piano recycles.In 2010, Lang Lang signed a recalling contract for several million dollars.In 2011, he performed at white house for president Obama of United States and Hu Jintao of China.With all of his success and fame, Lang Lang tries to encourage others.He uses his fame to spread the popularity of classic music and encourage young musicians.And in the end, Lang Lang and his father have rebuilt their relationship.In his autobiography自传, Mr. Lang dedicated the book to his mother and father.it 3-2 vocabulary财务、地理A person debt is how much he or she owes to others.Debt can be in the form of money, products and services owes to someone else.If you borrow money, they were taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property or even a nice personality.Assets can be used to pay off debts.Specialized /'spɛʃə'laɪzd/ knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is properties such as land, houses and buildings.Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate.Buying or selling real estate is popular for investments.Inventory is a detail list of items in one’s possession /pə'zɛʃən/.In business, one’s inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale.If a store runs out of the things for sale, it needs to resupply再供应its inventory.An investment is the purchase of assets with the hope that its value will increase.A good investment can produce income, such as rent income.If the value of that assets falls, the investment will lose money.------------------------------------------------------------------China is the second largest country in the world by land area.A major issue for China is the continuing持续的expansion of its desserts which had led the dust storms each spring. Many of the world most polluted cities are located there.Asia is referred to as Indian sub-continent.It’s called the sub-continent 次大陆because it separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and sea.It’s one of world’s poorest region with about 75% of the poor living in rural areas.Europe is western neighbor of Asia. It’s separate d from Asia by Ural Mountains乌拉尔which extent for 1500 miles in the north south direction from the Antarctic/æntˈɑrktɪk/ ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians /'krɪstʃən/.The Philippines is an island Nation with over 7000 islands. It’s located on the south China sea.The country’s capital city is Manila马尼拉.Asia is the world largest continent covering about 30% of the earth land area.Several island nations are also a part of Asia, including Japan.The world’s tallest mountain is in Asia, including Mount Everest埃佛勒斯峰.it 3-2 dialogue谈论投票选举Hey, have you dec ided how you’re going to vote？Not, I haven’t. I don’t like any kind of candidates.So you aren’t going to vote.Mu. I don’t know. Probably not. It seems like a waste of time.Really, why do you think of a waste of time？Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have and I agree that their speeches aren’t very good.Exactly. I can’t believe anything they say. They are just saying what they think we want to hear.Sure, you want to get elected. I admit th at the system isn’t perfect and it’s always ha ve .Whether I vote or not won’t make a difference. It’s all the show.Well, I think you should vote. Do a little research about the candidates.Have you?Yes, I have. I have looked into their backgrounds and their education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make a better decision about issues such as climate change.Yes, that’s good point. We need well-educated people make decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important.I want to know how government plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you. Maybe I will vote, especially if we could get together and talk more about it.What about dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I’m busy tomorrow night.Oh, that’s too bad. Do you have any time in the next few days? I will take you to a nice restaurant.Actually, I’m quite busy. But I may have time Sunday afternoon. We ca n have lunch someone near the office. Sure, that was for me. I will give you a call on Saturday and we can decide the details, ok?OK, I will be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.L4 Unit 3-3 listening 蜜蜂、蜂农与环境Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature.In additional to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.They do this by pollinating the plant which means to transfer pollen.Pollination授粉occurs when pollen/'pɑlən/ 花粉is moved within a plant’s flower or carried to another flower. This is how the plant reproduce.For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of the flower to the female part. Many plants depend on the pollen for reproduction. This included many fruits and vegetables.Beside honeybees, there are many other pollinators including birds, insects and other kind of bees.Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetable will become more expensive and hard to find. This included almonds and cherries.Honeybee are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture.Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services for farmers.They do this by raising and managing colonies殖民地of bees.Farmers need colonies to pollinate their crops.Beekeepers can provide and manage of bee colonies to farmers.Honeybees are social insects that live in colonies.A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones 雄蜂and thousands of male worker bees.Each colony also contains eggs and immature未成熟的bees in various stage of development.The number of bees within a colony depends on the seasonal changes.A colony’s population increases during the warm season and decreases during the colder season.In recent year, many bee colonies have collapsed or disappeared.A bee colony collapses occurs when a majority of bee in colony disappear and leave behind the queen.Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 % of their colonies.This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops.In some parts of the world, a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%.There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse. One possible collapse is the use of new pesticides农药. Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors遗传因素and malnutrition（营养不良）. Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections.Whatever the causes of colony collapse, it’s important to un derstand that many parts of our world are interdependent.Changes that effect on one species may have serious effects on other species.A change to our environment, can start a chain of event that is difficult to predict.In any complex system such as the earth environment, small changes can cause a un consequences.The danger of un consequences is something that we all need to understand better.L4 Unit 3-3 vocabulary 商品、服务和工作Goods and services supply what people need or want.Goods are things such food and clothing.Services included things such as health care and police protection.A country needs natural and human resources.Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources such as oil and wind.Human resources includes a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services.Once we had supplies of goods and services, they need to distribute throughout the country.Highways and railways are both way to transport thing from one part of country to another.Electricity are distributed through a system of transmition lines.We live in an age of advertising.Advertising lets people know about goods and services.It educates people about a product being advertised.Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries.Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country.Imports are goods and services that are brought from other country.For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯.Employees are the people who work for a company.Some employees do basic work such as operating a machine or driving a track.People who hire and direct the work of other are managers.Interview is one way to find out about a person who applies for a job.In an inte rview, the applicants can ask question about a company and company can find out about a person’s skills and experience.An entrepreneur is someone who starts a company.Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give company advantage.Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company.If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take a job and stay with the company.Benefits includes vacation time, health insurance and bonuses for employees who do a good job.When apply for job, it’s important to have skills and experience needed for the job.Developing and increasing skills and experience is good way to prepare for a job.Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills.Advertises try to increase to the demand for a product or service.Education and training are ways to develop a skilled workforce unforeseenL4 Unit 3-3 dialogue 谈论租房与房东You don’t look g ood, is something bothering you？Yes, it’s my landlord房东.Oh, is it something wrong with your flat.No, that’s not something wrong with the flat. But I’m going to have to move out.Why did you have to move out?For the last 2 month, a friend has been staying with me. She stayed until she could find a job.Tha t’s nice of you.Yes, but I’m not supposed to have anyone staying there.Was that in the rental agreement？Yes, it was. It’s ok if a friend stays for a few days but not for more than that.So you broke the agreement even though it was for a good reason.Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlords about my friend. So now I’m in trouble. The landlord is angry and says she can’t trust me.That’s ridiculous.I told her about my friend and how I’m trying to help her, but she doesn’t care.Wow, she doesn’t s ound very nice.That’s right, she isn’t nice. She’s just interested in money. In fact, she is going to keep my security deposit 押金. How can she do that？Nothing is damaged, right.Right, everything in the flat is fine.She’s keeping the deposit because I b roke the rental agreement.What about your rent？Yes , that’s another problem. I already pay 3 months rent so I hope I can get it back.What can you do if she doesn’t return it？I don’t know. I told to my agent. He’s nice and maybe he can help.Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.Be sure to take picture of your flat.What for?Just to show the condition of your flat. Then she can’t say your friend damaged it anyway.Good idea. She’s a small-minded心胸狭窄的, evil woman. I should never have rented it from her in the first place.L4 Unit 3-4 listening 职业What kind of career is the best and what kind of qualification?One of most popular careers for kids is the to become an astronaut.Many kids dream of going space when they grow up.They dream of work on a space station or exploring deep space.To become an astronaut, it’s important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine.Sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronaut can earn a good salary but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of become a famous singer or movie stars.However, most of musician or actor don’t become famou s.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few have lots of money.So the best advice is not to be a musician or actor unless that’s your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It’s ni ce to imagine play a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a famous athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their body strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and the level of their performance.Athletes often have short career because of the physical requirement of their sport.When you are no longer able to compete in a high level, some athletes become coaches.Firefighters and police officers are important job that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass the written and physical tests.These jobs can be exciting and dangerous so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.When considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are in the hospitality and beauty industries. For example, food service worker and hairstyles generously have low salaries.This kind of j ob don’t require much of the education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you’re doing, that may be good enough.For example, you may really enjoy talking with your customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.Some of the highest paid professions includes doctors, lawyers and scientists.However, these professions 职业require high level of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school, and several more years in experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor or MD.So it doesn’t make sense to consider these professions unless you are willing to work hard for ma ny years.And because, you should really care doing the work well.L4 Unit 3-4 vocabulary 战争和生物Civil 内战wars are fought between citizens of the same country and are fought within the country.If citizens of a country disagree about the policy or leader, they may fight a civil war.A world war is fought when countries form alliances and these alliances fight each other.A world war involves many or most of the world’s most powerful countries.There were 2 world war in the 20th century.Terrorism involves groups of individuals rather than countries.Terrorists may come from different countries and they may share the same beliefs.Terrorists often use car-bombings or suicide attacks on innocent people.A terrorist attack can happen at any time and any place.An invasion侵略occurs when one country attacks another.It sends its army to the other country and attempts to take control.One of most famous invasions was when France invaded Russia in 1812.A defensive 防御的war occurs when a country is attacked and needs to defend itself.Most of countries have military so that it can defend itself if it’s attacked.When France invaded Russia in 1812, the Russia army fought a defensive war and defeated the French army.A cell 细胞is the basic unit of life.A cell is smallest structure that can live and reproduce.Cells grow and develop, reproduce and interact with the environment.Photosynthesis光合作用/,foto'sɪnθəsɪs/ was one of most important biological processes.It allows plants to capture and use light as an energy source.Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.A virus is small biological structure that attacks and enters cells.Once inside a cell, a virus reproduces and makes many copies of itself.Some diseases such influenza /,ɪnflu'ɛnzə/ (流感)are viruses.Bacteria are one-celled forms of life that are all around us.Although they have a single cell structure, they are very important.Many bacteria are inside us and help us digest our food.DNA is a complex molecule that stores information and can make copies of itself.Nearly any cells in a person’s body has the same DNA.The information stored in DNA tells cells what to do and it’s necessary for reproduction.L4 Unit 3-4 dialogue 旅馆更换房间Good evening, sir. How can I help you?Yes, we just check in and our room is unacceptable. It’s room 1810.Is there something wrong with the room?Yes, there certainly is. We requested a non-smoking room but the room smiles of smoke.Let me check. Yes, that room is supposed to be a non-smoking room.Well, somebody certainly doesn’t follow the rules. The current smoke is cigars. We can hardly breath and the windows don’t open.Right, the windows don’t open, sir. I really sorry about this. Let me see if I can find you another room.Yes, please. We certainly can’t stay in that room. Both our kids have asthma哮喘/'æzmə/, so the smell of smoke can cause breathing problems.Yes, I understand your concern. Sir, I’m afraid we don’t have any other rooms with two double beds. If you’ll excuse me, I will speak with my manager.Thank you. We were really tired and we would like to get rest as soon as possible.Yes, I understand. If you don’t mind, could you wait in the lounge 休息室near the elevators? I sh ouldn’t be long. Sure, I hope it doesn’t take time.Good evening, I’m the manager here. I’m sorry to hear about your room.Yes, we are not happy and we were really tired. I hope you can help us.I’m sure we can. Since we don’t have another non-smoking room for you, we will upgrade your suite. Will that be ok?Yes, there will be fine. There is no extra cost, right.No, sir. There would be no extra charge.And it’s non-smoking, right.Yes, sir. I’ve confirmed that is non-smoking.Thanks I really appreciate your help.It’s my pleasure, sir. I hope you and your family have a wonderful stay with us. Here is my card. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know.I will. Have a good evening.Thank you, sir. And once again, let me apology for the same inconvenience.。

外研版高中英语必修4课文Module3英汉对照翻译（带要点）第一篇：外研版高中英语必修4课文Module 3 英汉对照翻译(带要点)高中英语课本必修四重点课文英汉对照高效辅导—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication 交流If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences.说起“交流”，大多数人会想到单词或句子。

Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body language”.虽然单词与句子十分重要，但我们斌不只是用口语和书面语进行交流，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身势语”的一部分。

We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture.我们经常看到无意识的身势语，但也有“习得”的身势语。

We use “learned” body language when we are introduced to strangers.Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.跟动物一样，我们会保持警觉直至知道安全的时候才放松。

英语流利说（懂你英语）Level2Unit1Part4L2-U1-P4 Listening :Income & ExpensesThe Jacksons live in a nice apartment.It's in a nice building.It's also expensive.The apartment isn't theirs.They don't own it.Another person owns it.That person is the owner of the apartment.The Jacksons rent it from the owner.That means they pay money to the owner.The Jacksons pay rent every month.Their rent is about 30% of their income. Fortunately, they both have jobs.They have two incomes.Together, their salaries are enough to live.But they don't have enough money for a car.Their rent is about 30% of their income.The Jacksons have many expenses.Their largest expense is the rent.It's about 30% of their income.The second largest expense is for their children's education.Their schools are not free.They pay for their kids to go to school.Their other expenses include food and clothes.They also save some money every month.They save about 10% of their income.They put this money in the bank.------------------------------------------------------------------------ L2-U1-P4 Vocabulary :Transportationa bus stop: People get on a bus at a bus stop.a train station: People get on a train at a train station.a taxi stand: People wait for a taxi at a taxi stand.a subway entrance: A subway stop has several entrances.an airport: Airplanes take off and land at an airport.L2-U1-P4Vocabulary:Body Partseyes: We use our eyes to see things.ears: Our ears are on the left and right side of our head.a nose: Our nose is below our eyes and above ourmouth.a mouth: Our mouth is below our nose.hands: We use our hands to pick up things.a brain: Our brain is inside our head.We think with our brain.We hear with our ears.------------------------------------------------------------------------L2-U1-P4Vocabulary:Time of DayIt's morning. People get up in the morning and the day begins.It's afternoon. People eat lunch in the afternoon.It's evening. People eat dinner in the evening.It's night. At night people go to bed.It's daytime. It's light during the day because the sun is up.It's nighttime. It's dark at night because the sun is down.When do people get up? -People get up in the morning and the day begins.People get up in the morning and the day begins.When do people go yo bed? -People go to bed at night.At night people go to bed.When do people eat dinner? -People eat dinner in the evening.When does the day begin? -Our day begins in the morning and ends at night.People eat lunch in the afternoon.People go to bed at night.People get up in the morning and the day begins.Our day begins in the morning and ends at night.------------------------------------------------------------------------1L2-U1-P4Dialogue:Buying a DressA: Good afternoon, may I help you?B: Yes, I'm looking for a summer dress.A: Do you want a long dress or a short dress?B: I want something short but not too short.A: What about color? Do you have a favorite color? B: I like blue. Do you have a blue dress?A: Yes, we have several dresses.B: May I see them?A: Sure, please come with me.What kind of dress is she looking for? -She's looking for a summer dress.What is her favorite color? -Her favorite color is blue. May I help you?Please come with me.A: Here are two short blue dresses.B: I like this one. How much is it?A: It's usually 100 dollars, but it's on sale today.B: So how much is it today?A: I can give you a 20% discount.B: So that's 80 dollars, right?A: Yes, do you want to try it on?B: Yes, where can I put it on?A: There is a dressing room over there.How much does it usually cost? -It usually costs $100. Where does she try the dress on? -She tries it on in a dressing room.I'm looking for a summer dress.Where can I put it on?Good afternoon, may I help you?Do you want a long dress or a short dress?What about color? Do you have a favorite color?A: How does it fit?B: It fits well.A: You look beautiful.B: Thanks, but it's still too expensive. Can you give me a lower price?A: Sorry, I'm afraid not. That is the lowest price I cangive you.How does the dress fit? -It fits well.B: How about the other dress?A: it's a little more expensive, it's 120 dollars.B: Is it on sale?A: No, I'm afraid not.B: Well, I really like this dress.A: OK, 80 dollars is a good price for it.B: OK, I'll buy it.How much is the other dress? -The other dress is $120.A: Can you pay with cash?B: No, I want to use my credit card.A: Sure, no problem, we take all credit cards.B: Great.Why doesn't the woman want to use cash? -She wants to use a credit card.Can you pay with cash?It fits well.She looks beautiful.But it's still too expensive. Can you give me a lower price?2。

英语流利说-懂你英语L e v e l4U n i t1P a r t1英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening-Visiting a Friend1Cristina is on a two week vacation.This is the first vacation she has had for a long time.The last vacation she took was more than two years ago.Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco.Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city. He works for a start-up company in SiliconValley.While he is working, she works part-time at a department store.Christina hasn't seen her friend for a long time.The last time they saw each other was three years ago.At that time, they were both working at a department store.Then Christina quit her job, and started her own business.She designs women's clothing.She has two employees now, and her company is slowly growing.Christina has come to San Francisco by herself.Her husband didn't come because he has to work.He tried to start a company two years ago, but it didn't work out. His company failed after only a few months.So now he is working at another company and saving money.Once he saves enough money, he plans to start another company.He doesn't want to give up.This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco. The first time was when she was a high school student.That was more than ten years ago.During that trip, she was only in San Francisco for a few days. After that she went to Los Angeles and NewYork.This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun.英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Listening-Visiting a Friend2Christina arrived 2 days ago, the day before yesterday.Her friend met her at the air port and drove her to her apartment.Her apartment is just north of the airport, about 20 minutes from San Francisco.It's a small apartment, but it's on a hill and it has a great view. Yesterday they went down town and rode the cable cars.Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are.Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at a seafood restaurant.From the restaurant, they could see the Golden Gate Bridge.Tomorrow they are planning to drive to Yosemite National Park.By car it's about 4 hours away.Christina has never been there before, so she is excited.She has heard that the park is very beautiful.Her friend has been to Yosemite several times.She says it's one of the most beautiful places in the world.Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary-Pains and SicknessHeadaches can be very painful and can last for a long time.If you have a headache, your head hurts.A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can't walk. Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use crutches to walk. If you have a sore throat it may be painful to swallow.A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria.A burn is an injury to the skin caused by fire or heat.If you get too close to a fire, you will be burnt.An earache is a sharp, dull or burning pain in the ear.Common causes of an earache include an infection, a changing air pressure, or water in the ear.英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1 Vocabulary-LandformsMountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level.Hills are like mountains but not as tall.Mountains are formed by forces deep within the earth, and are made of many types of rocks.Rivers are streams of water that usually begin in mountains and flow into sea.Many early cities were built alongside rivers.Most of the world's water is in the oceans which are large bodies of salt water.The oceans are also an important source of oxygen.Deserts are areas of land that receive very little or no rainfall.The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive.A valley is a low relatively flat area between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.Some valleys are formed by flowing water and others are formed by glaciers.英语流利说懂你英语Level4 Unit1 Part1Dialogue-Eating OutHave you eaten yet?No, I haven't. And I'm hungry.Me too. Let's go out for dinner.Where to?What about Joe's Italian?How many times have you eaten there?I eat there a lot.It's one of my favorite places.I went there two weeks ago, and the service was terrible.Really? Then, let's go some place else.What do you suggest?How about the Royal Indian?It's not far from here.I've never heard of it. Is it good?Yes. I've been there several times and I've never been disappointed.OK, let's try it.I haven't eaten Indian food for a long time.You won't be disappointed and the prices are reasonable.Ah, so you mean I'm going to pay.Well, that will certainly be nice.What about reservations?If we get there early enough, we won't need them.I hope you're right.Don't worry.If we have to wait, I'll pay the bill.。

Level3.Unit2 Part1作者：Ding MingListening: States of Matter物质状态Matter is made of atoms and molecules.Water, for example, is the H2O molecule.This means that a molecule of water has 3 atoms.这意味着水分子有3个原子。

A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.Substances like sugar have many atoms in their molecules.A molecule of sugar has many atoms, including carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Matter is made of molecules, such as H2O, which is the water molecule.Matter can be one of three states, solid, liquid or gas.Water and ice are the same substance, but they are in different states.These states depend on the temperature of the molecules.When we heat a substance, the molecules move faster and try to take up more space. When we cool a substance, the molecules move more slowly.When we cool a substance to its freezing point, it becomes a solid.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In a solid, the molecules move very little.Their positions are almost fixed.To be fixed means that their positions don’t change.If we heat the molecules, they move faster and away from each other.The solid begins to melt, like ice cream on a hot day.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------At a certain temperature, a solid begins to change into a liquid.The temperature at which a solid change into a liquid depends on the substance.For water, the solid begins to change into a liquid when its temperature rises to about 0 degree Celsius.For some substances, such as steel, the temperature at which it becomes a liquid is much higher.对于某些物质,如钢,它变成液体的温度要高得多。

Level3.Unit1 Part1作者：Ding MingListening: An Unusual DayKathy usually gets up at 6:30, but this morning, she didn’t hear her alarm.As a result, she overslept.睡得太久，睡过头( oversleep的过去式和过去分词) She didn’t get up until 7:00, 30 minutes later than usual.As a r esult, she didn’t have time to cook breakfast for her children.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Today Kathy and her kids left home early.They usually leave home at 7:30, but today they left at 7:15.They left early because they had to buy breakfast on their way to school. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------It usually takes 45 minutes to drive her kids to school, but today it took longer.It took them longer because they stopped for breakfast along the way.It took 15 minutes for them to have breakfast.They ate at a little coffee shop along the side of the road.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- After eating breakfast, they got back into their car.On most days the traffic isn’t too bad in the morning.But this morning, it was much worse than usual.The cars were moving very slowly.As a result, it took them longer than usual to get to school.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------One of her children got to school on time, but the other two were late.They were late because their schools are farther away.They were both about 10 minutes late to school.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------When Kathy finally got home, she cleaned her house as usual.She vacuumed the living room and cleaned the bathroom.vacuumed:用真空吸尘器清扫（vacuum的过去式形式）vacuum: n.真空;空白;空虚;清洁v.用真空吸尘器清扫Then she talked with her friend on the phone as usual.When she finished talking with her friend she got into her car.She put the key into the ignition and tried to start the engine.发动机But her car’s engine didn’t start.Her car battery was dead, so she had to call for help.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- After getting a new battery for her car, the engine started.Then Kathy drove to the mall to meet her friend.She arrived at the mall an hour late, but her friend was waiting for her.They had lunch together and then they went shopping.They both bought new shoes and some things for their kids.Kathy bought a new tie for her husband.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I t’s now 3:00 and everything is going as usual.Kathy doesn’t want anything else to go wrong.She wants the rest of the day to go as usual.She doesn’t wan t any more surprises.And tomorrow she won’t oversleep.She never wants to oversleep again.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Her friend was waiting for her at the mall.Listening: Bus ScheduleHere is a bus schedule at a bus stop.On most days, the buses come on schedule, but sometimes they don’t.Yesterday, for example, several buses were late.This is because the traffic yesterday was much heavier than usual.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bus No.38 was supposed to come at 8:40, but it was 5 minutes late.It didn’t come until 8:45.Bus No.60 was supposed to come at 8:30.But yesterday it didn’t come until 8:40.It was 10 minutes late.Not one bus came early.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As a result of the delays, one man got on the wrong bus.He wanted to go to the airport, so he wanted to get on bus No.38.He expected it to come at 8:40.Instead, he got on bus No.60, which came at 8:40.He didn’t notice that it was the wrong bus.It didn’t go to the airport.As a result, he missed his flight.Vocabulary: Activities & FoodWeddings are where two people get married.This man and woman are getting married.The building in the middle is an office building.Many people come to work here during the week.These people are at a dance party.The woman in the green dress is dancing with her boyfriend.These two people are meeting for the first time.They are shaking hands.This young boy is brushing his teeth.He brushed刷his teeth several times a day.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Candies and cakes are sweet because they are made with lots of sugar.Eating too many sweets isn’t good for your teeth.Lemons and grapefruit taste a little sour, so some people don’t like them.Some sour tasting food have a lot of vitamin C.These red peppers are very hot and spicy.Eating hot or spicy foods raises body temperature, so don’t eat them before going to bed. These foods are deep-fried 油炸的and greasy. 油腻的Greasy foods have a lot of calories, so don’t e at them if you want to lose weight.Healthy foods are usually natural and don’t include dangerous chemicals.Fruits and vegetables are examples of healthy foods.Vocabulary: Spatial Relations空间关系triangle：三角形square：正方形 n.平方;广场;正方形;方格adj.平方的;正方形的;成直角的;（尤指在生意上）公平的adv.四四方方地;成直角地;正直地;坚定地vt.使成正方形;使成直角;检测…的角度;调整，改正vi.一致;成方形circle：圆n.圆;圈子;圆状物;一圈vt.圈出，包围;绕…运转vi.环绕，盘旋rectangle：长方形The triangle is inside the square.The square is around the triangle.The triangle is inside the circle.The circle is around the triangle.The square is inside the triangle.The triangle is around the square.The circle is between two small squares.There's a square on either side of the circle.The circle is on the left of a rectangle.The rectangle is on the right of the circle.Dialogue：Meeting at the AirportHey, where are you? I don't see you anywhere.I'm on the subway.My flight arrived early, and I'm tired.I'm sorry to be late. I'll be there as fast as I can.Where are you now?There are three more stops. I'll be there in ten minutes.I'll meet you at the bus stop in front of terminal 2.Then we can get a taxi.OK. I'll look for you in front of terminal 2. See you soon.Dialogue：Staying up lateWhat's the matter Tom?I don't feel well.Are you sick?No, I don't think so. I'm just tired.Didn't you get enough sleep?No, I didn't. I went to bed later than usual last night.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What time did you go to bed?I didn't go to bed until 12:00.Why did you stay up so late?你为什么这么晚才睡？I was watching some videos on line.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------What kind of videos?Music videos from all over the world.Really?Sure, I'll send you some links if you like.Thanks, I like music videos too. They are really fun.谢谢，我也喜欢音乐录影带。

流畅英语口语教程第四册unit3答案1、66．—How much meat do you want?—________．[单选题] *A．Sorry, there isn't anyB．I can't give you anyC．Half a kilo, please(正确答案)D．Twelve yuan a kilo2、Mary _______ a phone call with her mother now. [单选题] *A. will makeB. madeC. is making(正确答案)D. makes3、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] * A．tour(正确答案)B．sizeC．nameD．colour4、Now people can _______ with their friends far away by e-mail, cellphone or letter. [单选题] *A. keep onB. keep in touch(正确答案)C. keep upD. keep off5、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take6、I saw the boy _______?the classroom. [单选题] *A. enter intoB. enter(正确答案)C. to enter intoD. to enter7、We have made a _______ tour plan to Sydney. [单选题] *A. two dayB. two daysC. two-day(正确答案)D. two-days8、—Do you know ______ box it is? —It is ______.（）[单选题] *A. who; myB. whose; meC. who; herD. whose; hers(正确答案)9、Her ideas sound right, but _____ I'm not completely sure. [单选题] *A. somehow(正确答案)B. somewhatC. somewhereD. sometime10、_______ after dinner is good for our health. [单选题] *A. WalksB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkedD. Walk11、It' s a pity that we have to stay at home when we are having（）weather. [单选题] *A. so fineB. so fine aC. such fine(正确答案)D. such a fine12、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /13、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having14、She is _______, but she looks young. [单选题] *A. in her fifties(正确答案)B. at her fiftyC. in her fiftyD. at her fifties15、28．The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] *A．EveryoneB．No one(正确答案)C．SomeoneD．Anyone16、He always did well at school _____ having to do part-time jobs every now and then. [单选题] *A despite ofB. in spite of(正确答案)C. regardless ofD in case of17、（）of the twins was arrested because I saw them both at a party last night. [单选题] *A. NoneC. Neither(正确答案)D. All18、I’m not sure whether we’ll go on ______ foot or by _____ bike? [单选题] *A. the; theB. /; theC. /; /(正确答案)D. the; /19、They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. [单选题]*A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven(正确答案)20、74．No person （）carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college Entrance Examinations．[单选题] *A.shall(正确答案)B.mustC.can21、Having stayed in the United States for more than ten years, he got an American（）[单选题] *A. speechB. accent(正确答案)C. voiceD. sound22、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)23、16．Lily is a lovely girl. We all want to ________ friends with her. [单选题] *A．haveB．make(正确答案)C．doD．take24、The boy lost his（）and fell down on the ground when he was running after his brother. [单选题] *A. balance(正确答案)B. chanceC. placeD. memory25、When you have trouble, you can _______ the police. They will help you. [单选题] *A. turn offB. turn to(正确答案)C. turn onD. turn over26、Many volunteers _______ food and water to the local people in Japan after tsunami(海啸）. [单选题] *A. gave out(正确答案)B. cut outC. put outD. found out27、Helen is new here, so we know _______ about her. [单选题] *B. anythingC. everythingD. nothing(正确答案)28、Nowadays more and more people travel by _______, because its safe, cheap and fast. [单选题] *A. footB. bikeC. high-speed train(正确答案)D. boat29、How _______ it rained yesterday! We had to cancel(取消) our football match. [单选题] *A. heavily(正确答案)B. lightC. lightlyD. heavy30、English is very important in our daily life. Never _______. [单选题] *A. give up itB. give it up(正确答案)D. give it away。

英语流利说懂你英语Level6 Unit1 Part3 Reading Preventing InjuriesExercise and a certain amount of strenuous physical activity are important for maintaining good health. However, before engaging in them, it’s important to know how to prevent injuries from occurring, especially for athletes and elderly people. Injuries can be minimized by doing a proper warm up. This consists of increasing your heart rate and the blood flow to all parts of your body.A good way to do this is through a series of static stretches followed by a series of dynamic stretches, which are done while moving. Using the proper equipment is essential, especially in contact sports. To protect the head, for example, well-designed helmets can greatly reduce the incidence of concussions. Concussions are caused when the soft, jello-like brain slams into the hard human skull. Research shows that repeated concussions can have serious consequences. Compression sportswear is another way to reduce the risk of injury, especially muscle injuries. More and more athletes are using them because their use can also speed up muscle recovery when an injury occurs. Another contributing factor in sports injuries is fatigue. Doctors believe that fatigue is an important warning sign that the body has reached its limit. When fatigued it is more difficult for the body to protect itself. Therefore it’s a good idea to stop an activity at the first sign of fatigue. Rest periods, even for professional athletes, can prevent serious injuries from occurring.Understanding injuries and the body’s reaction to them can help people cope wi th problems that accompany physical exercises. The support and understanding of coaches, teammates and family can be a critical factor in prevention and recovery. Once and injury occurs, it’s too late to prevent it, and recovery can take a long time. For the elderly, a simple fall can be fatal.A fatal accident or injury is one that causes death.It’s important to know how to prevent injuries from occurring.锻炼和一定量的剧烈体育活动对于保持身体健康很重要。

Level3.Unit1 Part4作者：Ding MingListening: Christina’s Future Plans1克里斯蒂娜的未来计划1 Christina sells women’s clothing in a department store.She usually works six days a week, but this week she’s going to take three days off. She’s taking time off so that she can visit her parents.Her parents live in the mountains about three hours away by train.They are looking forward to seeing her.They ha ven’t seen her for almost a year.Christina is their only child.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Christina isn’t going on the trip by herself.Her boyfriend is going with her.She is going to introduce him to her parents.She and her boyfriend want to get married.If everything goes well, they plan to get married in 6 months.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- After they get married Christina plans to quit her job.She wants to spend more time designing clothes.She wants to set up her own business.This will take time.Her boyfriend thinks it's a good idea.He is also thinking about starting his own business.They don’t plan to have children right way.In fact, they may decide not to have children.They don’t know yet.It's going to a big decision.这将是一个重大的决定。

Level3.Unit1 Part2作者：Ding MingTime ZonesOur planet, the Earth, is the 3rd planet from the sun.It is a beautiful, rotating sphere.The side facing the sun is in daylight.The side facing away from the sun is in darkness.For example, when it's daytime in the US, it’s nighttime in China.In fact, there’s a 12-hour time difference between Boston and shanghai. When it's midnight in Shanghai. It’s noon in Boston.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Earth rotates from west to east.To know which direction is east or west, watch the sun.The sun travels through the sky from east to west.The sun comes up in the east and goes down in the west.Again, this is because the Earth rotates.It takes 24 hours for the Earth to make a complete rotation.And that is the length of one day.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Because of the Earth 's rotation, the Earth is divided into time zones.Some countries, such as the Us, have several time zones.When it's 10am in New York. It’s 7am in San Francisco.Europe and the US are separated by several time zones.When it's 5:00pm in Paris, it’s 11:00am in Boston.So, there's a six-hour difference between Paris and Boston.One large country, China, has just one time zone for the whole country.As a result, at the same time, some parts of the country can be dark and other parts can be light. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------As you travel around the Earth, the time changes.The time of the day depends on your location on the planet.When you travel east or west, you may cross several time zonesFor example, if you travel from Beijing to Los Angeles, you cross eight time zonesThat means when it's noon on Sunday in China, it’s 8:00pm on Saturday in Los Angeles.For travelers, this means it can be very difficult to sleep after a long flightThe clock may say 8:00pm, but for your body it's noon.This is called jet lag.时差反应--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Crossing several time zones causes jet lag.It depends on how far east or west you travelBecause of the Earth's rotation, the Earth is divided into time zones.Kim’s movie star dreamKim is a popular Korean actress.she's 28 years old, slim and beautiful.she has a large fan club and her movie are very popular.Everywhere she goes, her fans want her autograph.but Kim wants more.she wants to be popular all over the world.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tomorrow is a special day for herShe’s leaving for Hollywood. (tomorrow)she's going to Hollywood to meet with some top movie executives.The meeting is scheduled for the day after tomorrowIf the meeting goes well, she’ll be in a Hollywood movieThis is her chance to become a star.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- she met the movie's director last yearHe came to Korea and saw her latest movieAfter that he decided to use her in his new movieFortunately. Kim’s English is excellent, so she can play the role.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The director wants her to play a major role in the movie.The movie's story will take place in the future.At that time, the world will be a very different place.Unfortunately, much of the world will be polluted.Robots will do much of the work, and only the very rich can have a good life.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The ending of the movie is still a secret.Even Kim doesn't know how it will end.But she hopes it will have a happy ending.She wants people to have hope for a better future.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- She wants the movie to have a happy ending.Actions & comparisons行动与比较These people are having a meetingThe woman is giving a presentationThis person is having a scare dreamIn his dream, something is chasing him, so he is running as fast as he canThis old man is a touristHe is looking out the window of his tour busThis young couple is in an art museumThey are looking at a famous paintingThe sun is setting behind the mountainThe sky is turning red-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The longest line is the one on the topThe top line is the longest of the three linesThe shortest line is the one in the middleThe line in the middle is the shorter than the other twoThe bottom line is the shortestThe shortest of the three lines is the one on the bottomThe shirt on the left is more expensive than the shirt on the rightThe shirt on the right is less expensive than the shirt on the leftThe shirt on the left isn't as expensive as the one on the rightThe shirt on the left costs less than the one on the rightseasons and weatherWinter is the coldest season because the sun is at its lowest point in the skyWinter sports include skiing and ice skatingSummer is the hottest season because the sun is at its highest point in the sky Many people like to go swimming in the summer because of the hot weather Spring is the season when the weather gets warmer each dayFor many animals, new life begins in the springAutumn is the season when the weather begins to cool and the days begin to shorten Autumn is when trees turn many colors and leaves fall to the groundRainy season is the season when some countries get most of their rainfallRainy season usually lasts for one or two monthsMissing the FlightM: HI, I’m sorry to be lateW: What happened?You were supposed to be here an hour agoM: Yes, I know. But I missed my flight----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- W: You missed your flight? How did that happen?M: I got on the wrong bus this morning.so, I was late to the airport.By the time I arrived, the gate was closed.W: What did you do then?M: I had to rebooked my flight and got on the waiting list------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ W: OH, that’s too bad. At least you got hereM: Yes, it wasn't easy getting on the next flight.I had to ran to the gateW: This kind of thing happens a lot lately.Last week, I missed a flight, too----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M: What happened?W: There was a traffic accident near the airportM: You were drivingW: No, I wasn’t. I was in a taxi.But it took a long time to get to the airport.The traffic was stopped for nearly 15 minutes.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- By the time I got there it was too late to get on the flight.The next flight wasn't for another 3 hours.So, it was a long wait.From now on, I’ll try to get to the airport much earlierM: Me tooA Going Away PartyM: What’s the matter? Why do you look so sad?W: Ada has a new job, she’s going to BeijingM: Really. When’s she leaving?W: She’s leaving at the end of next weekM: Fast soon?W: Yes, she just told meM: That’s too bad. I really enjoy working with herW: Me too. I’m going to miss her.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let's have a going away party for herM: Good idea. How about this weekend?W: Friday evening would be better. We can have it after workM: Yes, Friday is better-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W: Let’s go to her favorite restaurant, ok?M: which one? The Italian one or the German one?W: The Italian one has better food,so, let's go there. Their pizzas are awesome----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M: Ok, I'll make the reservationsW: Let me check with Ada first.We don't want her to miss her partyM: Yeah, let's for sure, and could you please invite everyone in the office? W: Sure, no problem. Nobody will want to miss it。

Unit4教材第36页课文翻译We'll have an English party next Tuesday.我们下个星期二将要举办一个英语聚会。

Great!太好了！What can you do for the party?你能为聚会做什么？I can play the pipa．我会弹琵琶。

Wonderful!好极了！I can dance!我会跳舞！I can sing! La la la...我会唱歌！啦啦啦……Unit4教材第37页课文翻译Hi．Mr Li．嗨，李老师。

Hi.Can you play ping-pong?嗨。

你会打乒乓球吗？A little.会一点儿。

Let's play together!让我们一起玩吧！Sorry.I have an English class at 3 0'clock.对不起。

我在三点钟有一节英语课。

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Unit4教材A部分课文翻译1Let's try部分翻译What can Mike do? Listen and tick.迈克能做什么？听一听并打钩。

Chen Jie：Hi,Mike.We'll have an English party next Tuesday!陈杰：嗨，迈克。

我们下个星期二将要举办一个英语聚会！Mike：Great!I like parties!迈克：太好了！我喜欢聚会！Chen Jie：What can you do for the parly?陈杰：你能为聚会做什么？Mike：I can draw pictures.迈克：我会画画。

Chen Jie：It's time for English class.Get ready!陈杰：到上英语课的时间了。

准备好！2Let's talk部分翻译Miss White：We'll have an English party next Tuesday.What can you do for the party,children?怀特老师：我们下个星期二将要举办一个英语聚会！你们能为聚会做什么，孩子们？关注"ABC小学英语"微信公众号，获取更多资料。

大学英语精读第三版第四册Book4 Unit3答案1) cited2) as for3) exaggerate4) Statements5) preface6) justified7) horizon8) authorit9) follow up10) advanced11) and so forth12) threw light on/shed light on13) pressing14) burden1) refuted2) swallowed3) predict4) outlined5) proof6) For the sake of7) advanced8) cited9) In a way10) cast11) promptly12) appealed to1) rested on2) fall back on3) appeal to4) followed5) up6) was straying from7) aimed at8) bring out1) If the door was not opened by force, it follows that the burglar had a key2) Children tend to be credulous because they have not had much experience in the real world.3) The information the police had just obtained threw light on the mystery of the stolen antiques.4) The three-month military training may well work a change in his living habits.5) If this is the case, he is fully justified in blaming her.1) a band worn around the ankle2) a little brook3) a little star4) a little stream1) forecasts2) forefathers3) foresight4) foregoing5) forerunner6) forecast/foretell1) sun solar2) dental3)mental4) paternal maternal5) moon lunar6)annual7)night nocturnal8)aural9)fraternal10)eye ocular1) John won't like it but Jack will.2) She was poor but honest.3) I've explained more than once and I'm not going to again.4) Is it a color or black and white film5) Having washed and changed, Linda went out on to the verandah.6) His aunt and uncle had to work long hours to keep body and soul together.7) Do you want to buy seats in the orchestra or the balcony8) I should have lent her the money and helped her out of the difficulty.9) Joe hid his face behind his newspaper lest he should have to speak to acquaintances and expose his uneasiness.10) When Sarah was finally reunited with her children at the airport they kissed and hugged each other.1) Because he is good, it doesn't follow that he is bright.2) Just because she failed the exam, it doesn't follow that she has no brains.3) Joan has been to France many a time, but it doesn't follow that she has obtained a good command of French.4) It's true that Ben's got a better job, but it doesn't follow that he'll be paid more.1) I'm sure Jim will come if asked.2) No artistic creation can achieve greatness if divorced from life.3) This hotel, if not well managed, will yield little profit.4) Joe was shocked to learn that his illness could result in total blindness if left untreated.1) To her horror, Mrs. Pride saw her neighbour killed in broad daylight.2) To our amazement, we heard the 70-year-old man had beaten the young athlete inthe match.3) To his surprise, Ted found that his learned cousin knew very little about the subject.4) To her great relief, Mrs. Dane found her husband unhurt in the traffic accident.5) To my deep regret, I won't be able to attend the ceremony.6) To their dismay, the travellers found that the bridge had been washed away.1) starts off2) superstitious3) promptly4) exaggerates5) fall back on6) authorities7) aim at8) outlines9) throwing light on10) rests on11) credulous12) burden1) where2) by3) you4) don't5) come6) That's7) change8) over9) even10) reason11) understate12) someone13) task/thing14) way15) no16) much17) no18) position19) those20) can21) an22) little23) on24) hope翻译1) 萧伯纳在他一个剧本的前言中提出这样的看法：今天人们比在中世纪时更加迷信。

英语流利说懂你英语Level6 Unit1 Part3 Reading Blood Pressure and StrokeA large international study has found that ten risk factors account for 90 percent of all the risk of stroke. Of that list, five risk factors usually related to lifestyle are responsible for a full 80 percent of stroke risk. According to the researchers these risk factors – high blood pressure, smoking, abdominal obesity, diet and physical activity – are modifiable and can be controlled. The findings come from a study of 3,000 people who had had strokes and an equal number of healthy individuals with no history of stroke. The study also includes a brain scan of all participating stroke survivors, according to the researchers. Across the board, high blood pressure was the most important factor, accounting for one-third of all stroke risk. Blood pressure, it was noted, plays a major role in both forms of stroke ischemic, the most common form (caused by blockage of a brain blood vessel), and hemorrhagic or bleeding stroke, in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts.Blood pressure is easily measured, and there are lots of treatments. Lifestyle modifications to control it include increasing physical activity and reducing salt intake. The other lifestyle risk factors are modifiable as well. High intake of fish and fruits, for example, is associated with a lower risk of stroke.Many of the same risk factors have been reported in other studies, but this is the first stoke risk study to include both low- and middle-income participants in developing countries. The study confirms that high blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke in both developing can developed countries. This highlights the need for health authorities in those countries to develop strategies to reduce high blood pressure, salt intake and other risk factors.According to this article, lifestyle factors are responsible for most strokes.The other lifestyle risk factors are modifiable as well.Blood pressure is easily measured, and there are lots of treatments.The most common form of stroke is caused by blockage of a blood vessel.High blood pressure accounts for a one-third of all stroke risk.The study confirms that high blood pressure is the leading cause of stroke.一项大型国际研究发现，10 个风险因素占所有中风风险的90%。

懂你英语level4等级测试答案1、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die2、( ) The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example______us in learning English. [单选题] *A. to(正确答案)B. forC. withD. on3、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心4、—Why do you call him Mr. Know?—______ he knows almost everything that we want to know.（）[单选题] *A. SoB. OrC. ButD. Because(正确答案)5、6．—How can we get to the school?—________ bus. [单选题] *A．ToB．OnC．By(正确答案)D．At6、He used to get up at six in the morning,（)? [单选题] *A. used heB. did heC. didnt he (正确答案)D. should he7、-We’ve spent too much money recently–well,it isn’t surprising. Our friend and relatives_______around all the time [单选题] *ingB. had comeC. were comingD have been coming(正确答案)8、My father always gets up early. He’s never late _______ work. [单选题] *A. toB. for(正确答案)C. onD. at9、I usually read English _______ six o’clock _______ six thirty in the morning. [单选题] *A. from;?atB. from; to(正确答案)C. at; atD. at; to10、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)11、Tony is a quiet student, _______ he is active in class. [单选题] *A. soB. andC. but(正确答案)D. or12、When you are tired, listen to music and try to _______ yourself. [单选题] *A. supportB. showC. playD. relax(正确答案)13、9．There will be a lot of activities at English Festival nest month. Which one would you like to ________? [单选题] *A．take part in (正确答案)B．joinC．attendD．go14、I _______ play the game well. [单选题] *A. mustB. can(正确答案)C. wouldD. will15、He has grown rich lately. [单选题] *A. 后来B. 以后C. 终于D. 最近(正确答案)16、In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. [单选题] *A. canB. mayC. must(正确答案)D. will17、The relationship between employers and employees has been studied（）. [单选题] *A. originallyB. extremelyC. violentlyD. intensively(正确答案)18、The secretary was asked to_____of the waste paper on the desk. [单选题] *A.disappearB.dispose(正确答案)C.declareD.got rid19、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all20、Your homework must_______ tomorrow. [单选题] *A. hand inB. is handed inC. hands inD. be handed in(正确答案)21、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)22、The organization came into being in 1 [单选题] *A. 开始策划B. 进行改组C. 解散D. 成立于(正确答案)23、_____ the project, we'll have to work two more weeks. [单选题] *A. CompletingB. CompleteC. Having completedD.To complete(正确答案)24、—______ you speak French?—Yes, I can.（）[单选题] *A. NeedB. Can(正确答案)C. MightD. Must25、I like the food very much.It is _______. [单选题] *A. terribleB. expensiveC. delicious(正确答案)D. friendly26、The traffic jams often happen in _______ hours. [单选题] *A. lunchB. workC. leisureD. rush(正确答案)27、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What28、I often _______ music from the Internet. [单选题] *A. download(正确答案)B. spendC. saveD. read29、She serves as a secretary in a university. [单选题] *A. 为…服务B. 担任…职务(正确答案)C. 竞争…服务D. 申请…职务30、--_______ I borrow these magazines?--Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. [单选题] *A. MustB. WouldC. May(正确答案)D. Need。

Level4 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Time DistributionLook at these two pie graphs.They show how these two people spend their days, not including weekends.The one on the top shows how Emma divides up her days.She is a designer who works for a large company.As Emma's graph shows, the biggest portion of her day is spent working.She works an average of 8 hours a day, which is one third of her day.She gets an average of 6 hours of sleep, which is 25% of her day.That's less sleep than Martin gets.According to his graph, he gets an average of 7 hours of sleep, which is about 29% of his day.On the other hand, Martin, who is an engineer, works more hours than Emma does.Martin averages 9 hours a day at work, compared to Emma's 8.That's 37.5% compared to 33%.Other factors shown in the graphs include time for meals and commuting to work.Other activities include getting dressed and household chores, such as doing laundry and paying bills.As you can see, for Martin, commuting is taking a large amount of his time.If he could reduce his commute time, he would have more time for other things. And it isn't just the time.When the traffic is really heavy, his commute is stressful.It would be great if he could work from home one or two days a week.His life would be more enjoyable.And looking at Emma's graph, we see that she probably needs more sleep.Perhaps she should spend a bit less time socializing with her friends.On the other hand, socializing with her friends is something she really values.As for putting on makeup, she isn't willing to change that.For her, exercising, socializing and staying beautiful help her deal with the stress of work.In conclusion, Emma and Martin both wish that there were more hours in the day.Level4 Unit3 Part1 Listening - Job Satisfaction FactorsThis next graph shows how various factors compare in importance to 1350 job applicants.These applicants were between 20 and 25 years old.They were asked to list which factors were most important in a good job.As the graph shows, money was the most important factor for 25 percent of the applicants.However, other factors were also important.The second most important factor was the work environment.In other words, for many, money isn't everything.People want to like where they work.In fact, if we combine Work Environment and Co-workers, the total is 35%.This is well above the 25% for salary and benefits.Taken together, they are more important than salary and benefits.Career path is also important, especially for younger applicants.They want to see that their job helps build a successful career.For older workers, this may not be as important.Older workers often put a higher value on the balance between life and work. What do you think?(The best jobs satisfy several needs, not just salary and benefits.)Level4 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary - Political TermsThe government of a country, is its control system.Governments make laws and provide services to their citizens.The land over which a government has control is its territory.A country's territory has boundaries or borders.When you leave or enter a country's territory, you usually need a passport.A country's military provides defense for its territory, and its citizens.The military includes an army, an air force, and a navy.The main purpose of a military is to defend a country from attack.A country's criminal justice system includes the police, courts, and prisons.Its purpose is to enforce the law and protect people from criminal activities.A country's social services system provides support to people in need.It provides basic health care services and helps poor people support their children.(Most of the citizens of a country live within its territory.)(The criminal justice system is responsible for enforcing the law.)(When a country wants to change its boundaries, there may be a war.)(The territory of a country is defined by its boundaries.)Level4 Unit3 Part1 Vocabulary - Types of GovernmentA state of anarchy exists when a country has no effective government.In an anarchy, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.An autocracy is the simplest form of government.In an autocracy, the government is controlled by a single individual, known asthe autocrat.Whether or not an autocracy is successful depends on the character and ability of the leader.In an oligarchy, a small group of people controls the government.Membership in this group often depends on family connections, wealth, or military power.In a republic, individuals are elected to represent the citizens.The power of the government in a republic is limited by a constitution.A constitution is a written document that makes the rules for a government to follow.This limits the power of the government.A constitution defines the relationship between the government and its citizens.(Bribery and corruption are common as a way to increase the wealth of the oligarchs.) (Without a good government,decisions that need t o be made,won’t be made.)(In a oligarchy,ordinary citizens may not be aware that they have little or no power.) (Without a government, there is nobody to make decisions or enforce the laws.)Level4 Unit3 Part1 Dialogue - Quitting a JobI hear you lost your job.Is that right?Yes, that's right.I quit.I quit because of the way my boss treats people.What happened?I wasn't feeling good one day, and he yelled at me.When I told him not to yell at me, he threatened me.Is that all?That's what bosses do.Sure, sometimes maybe.But my boss treated everyone badly, and I was tired of it.It was the last straw.The last straw?Yes, you know, it reached the point *where I couldn't take it anymore.I see.So now you don't have a job?Right, I don't have a job.But at least I don't have to deal with my boss anymore.What are you going to do now?To be honest, I'm not sure, but I'll find something.I'll get a job, even if it pays less than before.Are you sorry you quit?Yes, and no.I guess I should have found another job first, and then quit.Why didn't you?As I said, he pushed me too far.There are some things that I just won't take.What about your wife?She isn't happy that I don't have a job, but she understands.She knows I have a temper.And she knows I wasn't happy working there.Well, I guess I'm lucky.My job isn't great, but I like the people I'm working with, and I like my manager. Are you planning to stay there?I don't know.For now it's OK, but of course it all depends on how things change.Well if you hear of any job openings, let me know, OK?Sure, send me your resume, and I'll let people know you're looking.Thanks.(His boss pushed him too far one too many times, so he couldn't wait to quit.) (His boss treated him badly one too many times.)(He treated his employees badly.)(He isn't sure what he is going to do.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Listening - Story of Lang Lang 1Lang Lang is one of the world's greatest concert pianists.His first contact with western music was when he was just two years old.He watched a cartoon in which a cat played a famous piece by Franz Liszt.From this experience, he decided he wanted to learn to play the piano.When he was three and half years old, he started piano lessons.Two years later he won first place in a piano competition.This early success gave his father high hopes that Lang Lang would become a great pianist.When Lang Lang was nine years old, his father quit his job and took him to Beijing. They left everything behind, including his mother who had to work.Lang Lang didn't want to leave her behind, but his father insisted.His father wanted him to study at the famous Central Conservatory of Music.When they moved to Beijing, they rented a flat in a poor area of the city.During this time, Lang Lang practiced for several hours a day.He started practicing at 5 o'clock, which upset his neighbors.They would often pound on his door and ask him to stop practicing.They were so angry that he often feared that they would beat him up.Level4 Unit3 Part2 Listening - Story of Lang Lang 2Lang Lang usually had piano lessons once a week to prepare for the Conservatory. Nearly 2000 students were applying for just 12 places at the Conservatory.His lessons were expensive and very difficult, especially because of his piano teacher. His music teacher didn't like Lang Lang.He called his teacher "Professor Angry" because she always gave him a hard time.One afternoon, his teacher told him he had no talent and told him to go home.Upon hearing the news, his father screamed and seemed to lose his mind.His father told him that everything was destroyed and there was no reason to live.He ordered Lang Lang to jump off the 11th-floor balcony.After this, Lang Lang almost went crazy.He didn't want to play the piano anymore.For several months he neither played the piano nor spoke to his father.Then some friends encouraged him to play a piece for them and he realized his great love of the piano.For the next 19 months he practiced hard and his father encourage him.Finally, when he was 10, he was accepted into the Conservatory with a full scholarship.In 1995, when he was 13 years old, he played music by Chopin in the Beijing Concert Hall.In that same year he won first place in an international competition for young musicians in Japan.When he was 15 he move to the United States and began studies with a famous pianist at the Curtis Institute.Since then his career has grown and he has become a major star.One American music critic called him "the biggest, most exciting keyboard talent I have encountered in many a year of attending piano recitals."In 2010, Lang Lang signed a recording contract for several million dollars.In 2011 he performed at the White House for Presidents Obama of the United States and Hu jintao of China.With all of his success and fame, Lang Lang tries to encourage others.He uses his fame to spread the popularity of classical music and encourage young musicians.And in the end, Lang Lang and his father have rebuilt their relationship.In his autobiography, Mr Lang dedicated the book to his mother and father. (When he played a piece for his friends, he realized how much he loved the piano.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary - Business and Economics A person's debt is how much he or she owes to others.Debt can be in the form of money, products, or services owed to someone else.If you borrow money, you are taking on new debt.An asset is something that has value, such as money, property, or even a nice personality.Assets can be used to pay off debts.Specialized knowledge or skills are also assets that can be used to get a job or earn money.Real estate is property, such as land, houses, and buildings.Buying, selling or renting property is the business of real estate.Buying and selling real estate is a popular form of investment.Inventory is a detailed list of items in one's possession.In business one's inventory is the supply of items that are ready for sale.If a store runs out of things to sell, it needs to resupply its inventory.An investment, is the purchase of an asset with the hope that its value will increase.A good investment will produce income, such as rental income.If the value of an asset falls, the investment will lose money.(When you use a credit card, you are taking on debt.)(If you buy a house and get a loan, the amount you owe on your loan is part of your debt.)(When you sell an asset at a higher price than what you paid for it, you have made a profit.)(Learning a new skill is a good investmentif it can get you a better job.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Vocabulary - Countries and Continents China is the second-largest country in the world by land area.A major issue for China is the continuing expansion of its deserts, which have led to dust storm each spring.South Asia is referred to as the Indian subcontinent.It's called a subcontinent because it is separated from the rest of Asia by mountains and seas.It is one of the world's poorest regions with about 75% of the poor livingin rural areas.Europe is the western neighbor of Asia.It is separated from Asia by the Ural mountains which extend for 1500 miles and a north-south direction from the Arctic Ocean.The Philippines is the only country in Asia with a majority of Christians.The Philippines is an island nation with over 7000 islands.It's located in the South China sea.The country's capital city is Manila.Asia is the world's largest continent, covering about 30% of the Earth's land area.Several island nations are also a part of Asia, including Japan.The world's tallest mountains are in Asia, including Mt Everest.(The traditional boundary line between them is the Ural mountain range.)(Forty percent of the world's poor live here.)Level4 Unit3 Part2 Dialogue - Election & Voting Hey, have you decided how you're going to vote?No, I haven't.I don't like any of the candidates.So you aren't going to vote?Hemmmm, I don't know, probably not.It seems like a waste of time.Really?Why do you think it's a waste of time?Have you listened to any of their speeches?Yes, I have, and I agree that the speeches aren't very good. Exactly.I can't believe anything they say.They are just saying what they think we want to hear.Sure they wanna get elected.I admit that the system isn't perfect, but it's all we have.Whether I vote or not won't make a difference.It's all a show.Well, I think you should vote.Do a little research about the candidates.Have you?Yes, I have.I've looked into the backgrounds, and education.How can that help?For example, if they know something about science, it could help the government make better decisions about issues such as climate change.Yes, that's a good point.We need well educated people making decisions.And I look to see what kind of people are supporting them.What issues do you think are most important?I guess for me, pollution, housing and taxes are important.I want to know how the government plans to deal with these issues.Yes, I agree with you.Maybe I will vote, especially if we can get together and talk more about it.What about dinner tomorrow night?Sorry, I'm busy tomorrow night.Oh, that's too bad.Do you have any time in the next few days?I'll take you to a nice restaurant.Actually, I'm quite busy.But I may have some time Sunday afternoon.We could have lunch somewhere near the office.Sure, that works for me.I'll give you a call on Saturday, and we can decide the details, OK?OK, I'll be looking forward to seeing which candidate you support.(She's looked into their backgrounds and education.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Honey Bee Pollination Honeybees play an interesting and important role in nature.In addition to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.They do this by pollinating the plant, which means to transfer pollen.Pollination occurs when pollen is moved within a plant's flower or carried to another flower.This is how the plants reproduce.For reproduction to succeed, the pollen must be transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part.Many plants depend on pollination for reproduction.These include many fruits and vegetables.Besides honeybees, there are many other pollinators, including birds, insects and other kinds of bees.Without enough pollinators, many of our favorite fruits and vegetables would become more expensive and hard to find.These include almonds and cherries.Honeybees are important pollinators and play an important role in agriculture. Beekeepers are people who keep honeybees.In addition to collecting honey, some beekeepers provide pollination services to farmers.They do this by raising and managing colonies of bees.Farmers need the colonies to pollinate their crops.Beekeepers can provide and manage bee colonies for farmers.Level4 Unit3 Part3 Listening - Colony CollapseHoney bees are social insects that live in colonies.A bee colony consists of a queen bee, male drones and thousands of female worker bees.Each colony also contains eggs and immature bees in various stages of development.The number of bees within a colony depends on seasonal changes.A colony's population increases during the warm seasons and decreases during colder seasons.In recent years, many bee colonies have collapsed, or disappeared.A bee colony collapse occurs when a majority of the bees in a colony disappear and leave behind the queen.Some beekeepers have reported losing 30 to 90 percent of their colonies.This loss of bee colonies can cause significant problems for farmers who depend on them to pollinate their crops.In some parts of the world a shortage of bees has increased the cost of renting bees by up to 20%.There are several possible causes for bee colony collapse.One possible cause is the use of new pesticides.Other possible causes include infections from viruses, genetic factors,and malnutrition.Changing weather patterns may also play a role as summers get hotter and winters get colder.These changes in weather may weaken the bees, making it more difficult for them to fight infections.Whatever the cause of colony collapse, it's important to understand that many parts of our world are interdependent.Changes that affect one species may have serious effects on other species.A change to our environment can start a chain of events that is difficult to predict.In any complex system such as the Earth's environment, small changes canhave unforeseen consequences.The danger of unforeseen consequences is something we all need to understand better.(The Earth's environment is an extremely complex system.)(In addition to making honey, honeybees help many plants reproduce.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Business and Economics Goods and services supply what people need or want.Goods are things such as food and clothing.Services include things such as health care and police protection.A country needs natural and human resources.Natural resources include fresh water supplies, farmland and energy sources such as oil and wind.Human resources include a skilled workforce that can produce goods and services.Once we have a supply of goods or services, they need to be distributed throughout a country.Highways and railways are both ways to transport things from one part of a country to another.Electricity is distributed through a system of transmission lines.We live in an age of advertising.Advertising lets people know about goods and services.It educates people about the products being advertised.Trade allows for the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Exports are goods and services that are sold to another country.Imports are goods and services that are bought from another country.For example, many countries import oil from countries such as Saudi Arabia.(Education and training are ways to develop a skilled workforce.)(Without a system of distribution, goods and services cannot be supplied throughout a country.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Vocabulary - Career BuildingEmployees are the people who work for a company.Some employees do basic work, such as operating a machine or driving a truck.The people who hire and direct the work of other employees are managers. Interviews are one way to find out about a person who applies for a job.In an interview, a job applicant can ask questions about a company, and the company can find out about a person's skills and experience.An entrepreneur is someone who starts a new company.Entrepreneurs often have new ideas and ways of doing things that can give their company an advantage.Salary and benefits are used to attract new employees into a company.If the salary and benefits are good enough, employees may take the job, and stay with the company.Benefits include vacation time, health insurance and bonuses for employees who do a good job.When applying for a job, it's important to have the skills and experience needed for the job.Developing and increasing skills and experience is a good way to prepare for a good job.Each job a person has is an opportunity to learn new things and develop new skills.(A raise in salary is an example of benefits.)(Advertisers try to increase the demand for a product or service.)Level4 Unit3 Part3 Dialogue - Landlord TroubleYou don't look good.Is something bothering you?Yes, it's my landlord.Oh, it there something wrong with your flat?No, there is nothing wrong with the flat.But I'm going to have to move out.Why do you have to move out?For the last two months, a friend has been staying with me.She is staying until she can find a job.That's nice of you.Yes, but I'm not supposed to have anyone staying there.Was that in the rental agreement?Yes, it was.It's okay if a friend stays for a few days, but not for more than that.So you broke the agreement, even though it was for a good reason. Anyway, one of my neighbors told the landlord about my friend.So now I'm in trouble.The landlord is angry and says she can't trust me.That's ridiculous.I told her about my friend and how I'm trying to help her, but she doesn't care.Wow, she doesn't sound very nice.That's right, she isn't nice.She is just interested in money.In fact, she is going to keep my security deposit.How can she do that?Nothing is damage, right?Right, everything in the flat is fine.She's keeping the deposit because I broke the rental agreement.What about your rent?Yes, that's another problem.I've already paid three months rent, so I hope I get it back. What can you do if she doesn't return it?I don't know.I'll talk to my agent.He's nice, and maybe he can help.Maybe I should refuse to leave the flat until I get it back.Be sure to take pictures of the flat.What for?Just to show the condition of the flat.Then she can't say your friend damage it in anyway.Good idea.She's a small-minded, evil woman.I should never have rented it from her in the first place.(One of her neighbors told the landlord about her friend.) (Her friend was going to stay until she could find a job.) (She has paid 3 months' rent in advance.)(The landlord is going to keep the security deposit.)Level4 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Dream JobsWhat kind of careers are the best, and what are the qualifications?One of the most popular careers for kids is to become an astronaut.Many kids dream of going into space when they grow up.They dream of working on a space station or exploring deep space.To become an astronaut it's important to have the right background.Many astronauts have a background in engineering, physics or medicine. sometimes they have a military background, such as flying military aircraft.As for pay, astronauts can earn a good salary, but not great.Another popular career is to become a musician or actor.Many kids dream of becoming famous singers or movie stars.However, most musicians and actors don't become famous.They are usually paid by the hour or by the performance.Only a very few earn lots of money.So the best advice is not to become a musician or actor unless that's your real passion.Becoming a professional athlete is another dream job for many.It's nice to imagine playing a favorite sport and getting paid for it.However, becoming a professional athlete takes a lot of work and practice.Great athletes practice for hours a day with teammates and coaches.They also work regularly with trainers to keep their bodies strong.The level of pay for athletes depends on the success and level of their performance. Athletes often have short careers because of the physical requirements of their sport.When they are no longer able to compete at a high level, some athletes become coaches.Firefighters and police officers are important jobs that help and protect people.These careers require applicants to complete training programs and pass written and physical tests.These jobs can be exciting and dangerous, so they require courage and sometimes sacrifice.Level4 Unit3 Part4 Listening - Jobs & WagesWhen considering salary and benefits, some of the lowest paying jobs are inthe hospitality and beauty industries.For example, food service workers and hair stylists generally have low salaries. These kinds of jobs don't require much education or training.But again, if you enjoy what you are doing, that may be good enough.For example, you may really enjoy talking with your customers.Spending your life doing something you dislike can be very unsatisfying, even if the salary is high.Some of the highest paid professions include doctors, lawyers and scientists. However, these professions require high levels of education and training.The path to becoming a doctor, for example, is a long one.Doctors require a university degree, several years in medical school and several more years of experience.Only then are they certified as a medical doctor, or MD.So it doesn't make sense to consider these professions unless you are willing to work hard for many years.And of course, you should really care about doing the work well.。

大学英语4Unit3课文翻译Unit 3 网霸的出现与漫延1 瑞安·哈利根几个月来一直受同学嘲弄。

他们通过即时信息散布谣言，说这位十三岁的男孩是同性恋。

一位颇具人气的女同学假装喜欢他，并和他在网上聊天，结果却把他们交流的信息复制下来与朋友分享。

这位家住美国佛蒙特州的少年因无法应对这种羞辱，自杀身亡。

2 英国十五岁的盖尔·琼斯在一度每半小时接到20个无声电话后也自杀了。

她的父亲格林怀疑半夜的最后一次来电把她推入死亡的深渊。

3 这是网霸行为带来的灾难中的两个极端例子，但绝非罕见。

自从2003年哈利根和2000年琼斯自杀以来，上网的孩子越来越多，因此包括发送威胁性信息、暴露私人信息和在网上上传羞辱他人的录像和图片的网霸行为很有可能相应增加。

4 总部位于华盛顿的皮尤互联网与美国生活项目组于上个月进行的一项研究发现，美国三分之一的青少年网民都曾受过网霸攻击。

而且，随着网上交流从即时信息和聊天室发展到社交网站和YouTube视频网站，网霸行为发生的场所日益成为青少年生活的中心，并日益公共化。

5 对网霸行为产生的原因及其影响的研究才刚刚起步，但有一点逐渐变得清晰：网上交流的某些方面使人们变得具有侵略性，促使人们去尝试现实生活中不敢尝试的事情。

6 更为严重的是，网络影响面大以及网络“始终在线”的文化特点使得网霸行为对受害者造成的伤害远远超过普通操场上的欺辱行为。

“这是操场欺辱的升级版。

”来自威斯康星大学的犯罪学家贾斯廷?帕钦如是说。

2006年由英国尤佳互联网市场调查公司进行的研究发现，每八个年轻人中就有一个认为网络欺凌比肉体欺辱更可怕。

7 原因之一是网上信息的受众人数巨大。

“遭受一个孩子的网络欺凌就算没人知道也已经够糟了，如果有几百个或上千个同龄人看了录像那将是灾难性的。

”南卡罗来纳州克莱姆森大学心理学家罗宾·科瓦尔斯基这样说，他也是十月份即将出版的《网霸——数字时代的欺辱》的作者之一。