完形填空下列短文中每个空格有A，B，C，D四个选项，根据上下文选择一个最佳答案。
完形填空1When Chico Max decided to mount an exhibition of photographs of recent immigrants to Brazil, he had a harder time finding subjects than he expected. That is___1_____just 600,000 of the 204 m people living in the country are foreign-born. The small pool of potential sitters surprised Mr. Max. ____2____everyone in Brazil is descended from immigrants or African slaves; only the United States has a bigger non-indigenous population. The country’s president is the daughter of a Bulgarian; the vice-president has a road ___3_____ him in Lebanon. All of Mr. Max’s grandparents came from Portugal between the two world wars. As the title of his show this month in Sao Paulo proclaimed，“We are all____4____”.Yet Brazil’s foreign-born population ____5____ at 73% of the total at the start of the 20th century and has been dwindling ever since. It is now a fifth of Latin America’s low average and a fraction of that in melting pots like the United States. That is a ____6____. Brazil needs millions of well-qualified workers____7____ its mediocre schools are not providing them. ____8____ more immigration, analysts warn, Brazil faces a “skills blackout”.Some of the reasons for which migrants shun Brazil are obvious. It is not a rich country. Its language, Portuguese, is not widely spoken elsewhere. Yet Argentina, with a fifth of Brazil’s population and an equally troubled____9____, attracts more than double the number of newcomers — about 280,000 people a year, mostly poor laborers from other Spanish-speaking countries. They could easily master enough____10___to work in Brazil, although they would not solve the skills shortage.They do not come because Brazil needlessly ____11____ additional roadblocks. Its legislation on immigration is “anachronistic (不合时代的)”，admits BetoVasconcelos, who handles the issues at the justice ministry in Brasilia. The main law dealing with immigration, enacted by generals who ruled from 1964 to 1985, _____12___ foreigners as a menace to national security and to Brazilian workers. It ____13____ non-Brazilians from taking part in political rallies, owning stakes in newspapers or participating actively in trade unions.It also imposes cumbersome (麻烦的)conditions on foreign workers. Securing a work permit can ___14_____ months and cost thousands of dollars in legal and administrative fees. Most work visas are tied to an employer, so changing a job requires starting the ____15____process from scratch. Brazil’s enlightened refugee law, by contrast, grants asylum-seekers a work permit withina week of arrival, free of charge.1. A.why B.because C what D.since2. A.Nearly B.Hardly C.Rarely D.Scarcely3. A.instead of d after C.regardless of D.celebrated with4. A.human beings B.immigrants C slaves D.citizens5. A.lowered B.peaked C.tightened D.strengthened6. A. problem B.puzzle C.surprise D.headache7. A.therefore B.otherwise C.but D.although8. A.With B.Besides C.Except D.Without9. A.economy B.reason nguage 10. A.English B.Spanish C.Portuguese D.French11. A.put out B.put up C.put down D.put forward12. A.serves B.thinks C.treats D.welcomes13. A.supports B.bars C.establishes D.warns14. A.take B.demand C.spend D.require15. A.application B.legal C.working D.immigration完形填空2Only a naive sports fan would be shocked by a new round of doping allegations. In cycling’s Tour de France from 1998 - 2013, 38% of the top-ten f inishers were____1____for using performance-enhancing drugs, and a ____2____ of track-and-field athletes’ blood test results earlier this year showed that around one-seventh were “highly suggestive of doping” . Yet the report on Russian athletes published on November 9th by the World Anti-Doping Agency still represents a new kind of ___3_____— or, more precisely, a very old one. __4______merely citing individual athletes, WADA claims that Russia has maintained an organized___5____doping programme of the sort that was thought to have ended with the cold war.Russia first found itself in WADA’s cross-hairs last December, when a German TV station aired _____6___ of rampant PED use. In June the agency noted that Russia led the world in PED violations in 2013, with 11.5% of the global total. But once its investigators started ____7____, what they found was “worse than we thought”, said Dick Pound, the report’s co-author and a former WADA president. “It may be a residue（残余）of the ___8_____ Soviet Union system. ’’The report’s main smoking gun (确凿证据) ___9_____Sergey Portugalov, the chief medical officer of the All-Russian Athletics Federation. In an e-mail, he ____10____ Yuliya Stepanova, a runner, to increase her use of ____11____ testosterone( 睾丸素). Ms Stepanova later secretly recorded her coach, Vladimir Mokhnev, while he allegedly gave her PEDs. The report also ____12____ Dr. Portugalov of directly delivering injections of banned substances to athletes, though it does not provide specifics. Dr. Porugalov could not be reached for comment.In addition, WADA has levelled wider allegations of u direct intimidation and interference by the Russian state'' to____13____ doping. Many of the claims, such as assertions that Russia had set up a “pre-screening” lab to filter out positive tests，seem to rely on hearsay. But the agency did _____14___ statements of guilt from people involved in the cover-up. Staff at a WADA- accredited lab in Moscow told investigators that its director, Grigory Rodchenkov，had ordered them to get rid of some sample. Mr. Rodchenkov, who resigned on November 10th, admitted himself that he had destroyed 1,417 test results before an inspection in 2014. And Liliya Shobukhova,a marathon runner, acknowledged paying €450,000 to ARAF in exchange for the destruction of samples that tested _____15___.1. A.praised B. punished C. shocked D.charged2. A.demonstration B. leak C. publication D.title3. A.affair B. rumour C. scandal D.incident4. A.Other than B. Except for C. Rather than D.Apart from5. A.international B. national C. external D.internal6. A.congratulationsB. accusations C. quarrels D.honours7. A.digging B. leveling C. pulling D.drawing8. A.novel B. wonderful C. old D.energetic9. A.involves B. contains C. includes D.occupies10. A.prevented B. encouraged C. recommended D.introduced11. eful B. useless C. legal D.banned12. A.accused B. blamed C. charged D.criticized13. A.condemn B. conceal C. reveal D.expose14. A.make B. obtain C. deny D.admit15. A.negative B. positive C. neutral D.ordinary完形填空3I am on holiday in Bavaria, where, in between the beer and schnitzels, I have been contemplating the nature of trust. A rather old-fashioned guest house happily took our reservation and let us run up a bill of nearly €1 ,000 without ever ____1____more than a signature. Not for the Bavarians the pre-authorized credit card. Our room keys were stored in an unlocked cabinet in a quiet corridor, along with the keys of every other guest in the place. It made me ____2____ why anyone was bothering with keys in the first place. Nevertheless, our belongings were not stolen and we paid our _____3___ when we left. The trust had been justified.Since Germany is one of the most successful ____4____ in the world and Bavaria is one of the most successful economies in Germany, the thought did cross my ____5____that trust might be one of the secrets of economic success. Steve Knack, an economist at the World Bank with a long-standing interest in trust, once told me that if one takes a broad enough view of____6___, “it would explain basically all the difference between the per capita income of the United States and Somalia”. In other words，without trust — and its vital complement, trustworthiness — there is no ____7____ of economic development.Simple activities become arduous in a low-trust society. How can you be sure you won9t be robbed on the way to the comer store? Hire a___8_____? (Can you trust him?) The watered- down milk is in a locked fridge. As for something more complex like arranging a mortgage, forget about it.Prosperity not only requires trust, it also____9____it. Why bother to steal when you are already comfortable? An example of poverty breeding____10____ comes from Colin Turnbull’s ethnographic (人种学的）study The Mountain People (1972)，about the Ik，a displaced tribe ravaged by Ugandan drought in the 1960s. If Turnbull’s account is itself ___11_____(it may not be), in the face of extreme hunger, the Ik had abandoned any pretence at ethical behaviour and would lie, cheat and steal whenever possible. Parents would ___12_____ their own children，and children betray their own parents. Turnbull’s story had a horrific logic. The Ik had no hope of a future, so they saw no need to protect their_____13___ for fair dealing.One of the underrated achievements of the modem world has been to develop ways to____14____ the circle of trust by depersonalizing it. Trust used to be a very personal thing：you would trust your friends or friends of friends. But when I withdrew €400 from a cash machine, it was not because the bank ____15____ me but because it could verify that my bank would repay the money. This is a cold corporate miracle.1. A. putting B. demanding C. giving D. writing2. A. wonder B. confuse C. puzzle D. realize3. A. taxes B. bills C. duties D. tips4. A. developers B. economies C. pioneers D. leaders5. A. soul B. mind C. spirits D. heart6. A. trust B. fame C. relation D. bond1. A. destination B. prospect C. necessity D. fortune8. A. helper B. servant C. bodyguard D. keeper9. A. popularizes B. encourages C. stimulates D. accompanies10. A. temper B. mistrust C. anger D. worry11. A. trustworthy B. funny C. wrong D. interesting12. A. await B. abandon C. allow D. alleviate13. A. tribe B. country C. reputation D. race完形填空4Samsung has launched a high-end “phablet”，that competes with BlackBerry on security features prized by business users, while out-innovating Apple with an iris-scanning feature.The Galaxy Note 7 is being introduced against a backdrop of ____1____ smartphone sales growth that the South Korean company has handled better than its rivals, with its mobile sales last month __2______its best quarterly results in more than two years.The Note 7 smartphone, with its supersized 5. 7-inch screen, is the first mass-market Android phone to ____3____ a retina scanner. ____4____ unlocking users’ phones, the iris scanning can also be used to authenticate purchases through the Samsung Pay service.David Lowes，Samsung Europe senior vice-president，said the company wanted to “ show that we are the mobile company that takes ___5_____really seriously”.The focus on security ___6_____Black Berry’s efforts to reinvigorate its enterprise handset business by____7____ “the world’s most secure Android smartphone” last week.Samsung also hopes to____8____ younger users with entertainment features such asHDR video streaming, while changes to the camera make it easier to take selfies with one hand.The company is ____9____ users who ‘‘have found a work-life blend”，according to Mr. Lowes. “Previously at Samsung we maybe focused very much on the technology or durability parts of the device，but now I think we’ve brought the __10______ in as well，” he added•Differentiating its products on more than just the strength of its technology is becoming___11_____important for Samsung, as it faces growing competition in the Android market and the continuing ____12____from the iPhone9s superior app offerings.Privately owned Chinese group Huawei has ____13____ from producing cheap white-label phones to launching its own premium handsets, and has publicly proclaimed its desire to unseat Apple and Samsung in global____14____sales.Fellow Chinese company Xiaomi is also looking to _____15___overseas，and recently bought some 1,500 patents from Microsoft to boost its ability to fend off lawsuits.1. A. increasing B.slowing C. decending D.rising2. A. encouraging B.driving C. pushing D.raising3. A. introduce B.market C. install D.feature4. A. Rather than B.Except for C. Other than D.As well as5. A. security B.production C. sales D.service6. A. reflects B.echoes C. responds D.showcases7. A. launching B.releasing C. relieving D.pushing8. A. absorb B.attract C. focus D.seduce9. A. attempting. B. targeting C. producing D. establishing10. A. ability B. creativity C. desirability. reality11. A. increasingly B. sharply C. decreasingly D. largely12.A. challenge B. confrontation C. battle D. war13. A. enrolled B. graduated C. researched D. explored14. A. smartphone B. television C. computer D. scanner15. A. reach B. expand C. open D. enlarge完形填空5The number of calories eaten in Britain is being undercounted by up to 50 per cent, creating confusion over growing obesity levels.The Behavioral Insights Team (BIT), a part-privatised government agency, said national surveys are not ___1_____ the changes in the way food is eaten, particularly snacking outside the home.‘‘ Such a large _____2___ of calorie intake could misinform the policy debate and lead to less effective strategies to _____3___ the current national obesity crisis.”It ___4_____ that people are likely to under-report the amount they eat, both deliberately and unconsciously, and that fewer overweight people are ____5____ recording the amount they eat in surveys.BIT questioned the 40-year trend in official statistics that has shown a steep___6_____ in calorie consumption, even as obesity has increased.Obesity in the UK is the highest it has ever been and is putting a growing ___7____ on the finances of the National Health Service, its head, Simon Stevens, has said, because of the_____8___of treating obesity-related illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes.He has repeatedly____9____ the government to take measures to combat obesity and has____10____the food and drink industry for using too much sugar.The government has said it will___11_____a sugar tax on sugary carbonated drinks in 2018 and is planning to publish a strategy to __12______childhood obesity.The food and drink industry has tried to deflect criticism by pointing to the official data which implies that people are getting fatter___13_____they are exercising less.The report refutes this, saying that reductions in physical activity do not provide a realistic ____14____ for the rise in obesity rates over the last 40 years”.Its findings imply that calorie consumption has not decreased significantly over time and that attempts to get people to exercise _____15___ should not distract from the central message that people need to eat less in order to lose weight.1. A.avoiding B.capturing C.making D.illustrating2. A.underestimate B.underachievement C.understatement D.understanding3. A.change bat C.cause D.face4. A.said B. told C. added D. informed5. A.gladly B. willingly C. accurately D. carefully6. A.rise B. decline C. reach D. position7. A.task B. trouble C. burden D. question8. A.value B. cost C. price D. profit9. A.called in B. called on C. called off D. called out10. A.asked B. criticized C. urged D. punished11. A.introduce B. put C. lay D. issue12. A.tackle B. lighten C. manage D. kill13. A.while B. when C. after D. because14. A.state B. explanation C. reason D. fact15. A.willingly B. regularly C. less D. more完形填空6More than a third of international students say they are now less likely to study at a UK university following last month’s vote to leave the EU，a survey has found.Of 1,014 students____1____this month by Hobsons International, a careers advisory service, 30 per cent said they were less likely to study in the UK, ____2____6% said they would definitely not study in the UK as a result of the vote.Many UK universities have embarked on ___3_____ expansion plans that are reliant on high fees from overseas students, who typically pay twice as much as ___4_____ students. Hobson’s said 83 per cent of respondents were from outside the EU.Income from international students is forecast to reach £4. 2bn in the next academic year and £4. 6bn in 2017 - 2018，and is the biggest____5____ of revenue growth for universities, according to the Higher Education Funding Council for England.Universities increased their spending on new buildings 43 per cent in the past six months compared with the previous year. _____6___ have been awarded for £ 1.5bn of projects, five of which are worth more than £ 50m each. A____7____£ 2bn of contracts is planned between 2017 and 2020, according to Barbour ABI, the construction analysts.Some students cited a less welcoming environment and a ( n) ____8____ in racist attacks since the referendum. One respondent said People have become so racist and with all the ongoing circumstances, I’d not feel_____9___ there. ’’Reported hate crimes rose 57 per cent in the weekend after the referendum, and the National Police Chiefs’ Council said last week that 6，293 such _____10___ had been reported to the police between mid-June and mid-July.Jeremy Cooper, managing director of Hobsons in Europe, said Market conditions for international student recruitment look set to toughen and universities need to send a clear__11______that the UK welcomes international students, as well as providing practical guidance and support.”Almost two-thirds of students surveyed felt it would become____12____ for them to obtain a visa, while almost half_____13___ it would become more difficult to get a job in the UK after graduating.Among ___14_____ who said(英国脱欧）made it more likely that they would come to the UK to study, 43 per cent said it was____15____ the fall in the value of the pound would make it cheaper.1. A.investigated B. surveyed C. found D.inquired2. A.when B. as C. while D.since3. A.ambitious B. available C. accessible D.affordable4. A.domestic B. international C. internal D.external5. A.source B. origin C. resource D.root6. A.Deals B. Businesses C. Plans D.Contracts7. A.little B. further C. more D.few8. A.decline B. increase C. drop D.addition9. A.depressed B. dangerous C. safe D.excited10. A.crimes B. incidents C. affairs D.events11. A.reminder B. report C. message D.research12. A.easier B. impossible C. harder D.more likely13. A.expected B. forecast C. warmed D.imagined14. A.those B. these C. themselves D.universities15. A.as B. since C. for D.because完形填空7For a field supposedly starved of talent, data science seems to have been minting（造就）a lot of new experts in a hurry.The depth of interest was on display this week in San Francisco, where 1,600 people_____1___ for a data science summit ____2____ by Turi, a company run by University of Washington machine learning professor Carlos Guestrin.Mr. Guestrin argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists ——people trained to analyse large bodies of information 一key workers in this____3____ “cognitive” technology economy. Whether or not his argument is right, there is ____4____ a core of critical applications that ____5____ machine learning, led by recommendation programmes, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behaviour.The adaptation of what was until recently the preserve of research scientists into production- grade business applications could point to a ___6_____ change in corporate competitiveness. The companies ____7____ their skills in data science and machine learning at the Turi event — including Uber, Pinterest and Quora — were all born in the digital era.Some companies that grew up in the analogue (模拟数据的)world, such as Walmart，are also _____8___ massively in this field, says Anthony Goldbloom, chief executive of Kaggle, a company that runs online data science competitions. But he predicts that they are unlikely ever to catch up with Amazon and its like, which have a ____9____ start and are moving fast. Repeated across different sectors, that could point to wholesale change in industry leadership as intelligent systems take a more central role.One factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to ___10_____$ 150m a year on a single ___11_____— its movie recommendation system — and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into ____12____, says a person familiar with its applications.Many companies that were born digital — particularly internet outfits that have a lot of real time customer interactions to mine — are all-in ____13____ it comes to data science. Pinterest，for instance, ___14_____ more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to differentclasses of problems, and it constantly deals with requests from managers eager to use this resource to _____15___ their business problems, says Jure Leskovec, its chief scientist.1. A.turned up B. turned down C. turned in D.turned out2. A.created B. organized C. opened D.popularized3. A.increasing B. rising C. ascending D.emerging4. A.already B. rarely C. nearly D.almost5. A.consist of B. come from C. depend on D.lead to6. A.minor B. profound C. little D.neutral7. A.showing off B. showing around C. showing through D.showing up8. A.investing B. pouring C. benefiting D.drawing9. A.head B. first C. late st10. A.cost B. spend C. take D.consume11. A.machine B. program C. application D.project12. A.thinking B. account C. being D.imagination13. A.while B. as C. when D.until14. A.produces B. sells C. introduces D.maintains15. A.cause B. tackle C. keep D.face完形填空8There are Methuselahs (年岁极高的老人)among us. These aged wonders of the natural world do not stalk the earth but glide through Arctic waters. Scientists surveying Greenland sharks，previously thought to live up to 200 years, found that they have far___1_____lifespans.One specimen was calculated, give or take a century, to be ___2_____400 years old, born more than a century before the U. S. was founded.The discovery, reported last week in the journal Science y is a record for a vertebrate (脊柱动物）, and potentially gives help to those____3____ the secrets of longevity. Anti-ageing enthusiasts insist that life is merely the absence of the processes that lead to death, and that human lifespan could be____4____ dramatically. Their philosophy is to treat ageing as a disease ：treat the disease and life need not end.Sharks and rays usually ____5____ their ages through the calcium deposits laid down each year in hard structures such as fins, but Greenland sharks, the largest fish in northern waters, have no such ____6____. Instead, researchers, presented with 28 females caught accidentally in fishing nets, looked to sharks’ eye lenses. Tissues formed in the lens at birth remain unchanged；its radiocarbon (a radioactive isotope of carbon) content can be____7____to the known levels of radiocarbon in the marine environment stretching back 500 years. In effect, a shark’s eye lens contains a radiocarbon time-stamp of its birth.An international team，led by academics at the University of Copenhagen, showed that the largest sharks — one stretched to 5 m ——were generally the oldest, with one ____8____ at about 392 years old. The females are estimated to reach sexual maturity at 156. Their eyes also____9____a sobering window on human history: the lenses of the youngest fishes contained a “bomb pulse”，a distinctive radiocarbon signature ____10____ nuclear weapons testing.The study intones，rightly, that we should guard these centenarians of the deep; their leisurely ____11____of maturity and reproduction has obvious consequences for conservation. But it also shows there are potentially many longer-lived species than_____12___, raising questions anewabout whether there really is any natural bar to humans living for centuries. After all, life expectancy has been rising for decades _____13___ we conquer the challenges — malnutrition, disease, war, mishap — that hasten our passing. Three centuries ago, a person would be hard pushed to____14____40; some scientists think those born today stand a fighting____15____ of reaching 150.1. A.shorter B. longer C. smaller D.bigger2. A.rarely B. barely C. constantly D.nearly3. A.paying attention to B. searching for C. dedicating to D.reaching for4. A.expanded B. stretched C. extended D.kept5. A.conceal B. reveal C. exhibit D.illustrate6. A.structures B. parts C. vessels D.functions7. A.exposed B. matched C. opposed D.related8. A.calculated B. valued C. dated D.evaluated9. A.give B. show C. build D.provide10. A.resulting from B. resulting in C. leading to D.relying on11. A.rate B. ratio C. pace D.chance12. A.humans B. animals C. species anisms13. A.for B. although C. after D.as14. A. reach B. arrive C. get D. experience15. A. goal B. dream C. chance D. aim完形填空9Where does the drive to succeed come from? And if it ____1____ exceptional achievement (as defined by external norms such as power, status and wealth) does that have to go ___2_____ with being a troubled person?The latest evidence suggests that genes play little part and that nurture (后天培养)is_____3___, whether it be carrot or stick. In my case, _____4___, purely because I was the only boy with three sisters, I was treated completely differently by my father. Despite my repeated___5_____ at school, he constantly encouraged me to see myself as clever and I eventually did OK. He gave no such ____6____ to my sisters in their academic careers (fortunately, my mum did).I would go so far as to say that, had I been __7______ at conception（受孕）with one of my sisters, she would be writing these words. Each person’s ___8_____ history, starting before birth, sets them on particular ____9____, explaining why brothers and sisters differ.At the simplest level, performance is nurtured through teaching — for good or ill. I can teach my son his tables(乘法口诀表）but, ____10____, if I am a pickpocket by ____11____, show him how to do that.Then there is modelling. My driving is shamefully disobeying traffic regulations ( _____12___my father’s example) — perhaps my children will model that or perhaps they will______13__ my wife’s hard-working lawful approach. That ____14____our family vigor — perhaps my son will follow me；my daughter her mother. Which brings us to identification, in which the child makes the parent’s ____15____a part of themselves.1. A.results in B. picks up C. makes of D.grows up2. A.face to face B. step by step C. hand in hand D.on the spot3. A.serious B. satisfactory C. major D.critical4. A.as a result B. for instance C. however D.otherwise5. A.victory B. failure C. performance D.practice6. A.encouragement B. speech C. improvement D.honor7. A.lived B. related C. compared D.exchanged8. A.mature B. important C. especial D.unique9. A.paths B. accesses C. traces D.zones10. A.additionally B. consequently C. equally D.interestingly11. A.profession B. nature C. birth D.accident12. A.set up B. learned from C. took out D.returned to13. A.support B. oppose C. dislike D.copy14. A.focuses on B. depends on C. starts up D.follows up完形填空l0In office jobs，there’s one foolproof way to avoid being burdened with certain time-consuming tasks: develop a _____1___ for being rubbish at them. Act angrily and shocked around the coffee machine, or a jammed printer, and you’ll soon find nobody asks you to ___2_____ it next time around. There’s a broader (and less passive-aggressive) point here, about managing expectations in general: they’re ____3____ we’re judged by — so setting them too high is a recipe for being too ____4____.Hofstadter’s law, created by the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, states that things always take longer than you think — “ even when you take into _____5___ Hofstadter’s Law ” . ___6____: you just will underestimate how much time a task requires, even when you know that’s what you always do and try to plan ___7____. The best solution, if possible, is regularly scheduled blocks of hours, used as buffer（缓冲）zones. When it comes to planning your work or arranging meetings, ____8____ them as if they didn’t exist. Then, when they roll around, use them to finish whatever you’re____9____ on.A uniquely tricky cause of busyness is the ____10____ of procrastination(拖延症)— not leaving them too late, but doing them too___11_____, just to have them done with, even though waiting might have meant less effort overall. That’s how you ___12_____wasting a whole day on small things, in search of that satisfying sensation of having cleared the desks — when all the while, more important stuff is ___13_____. The secret truth, especially ____14____ to e-mail, is that neglecting something for a few days often makes it go away entirely: people find____15____ solutions to their problems.1. A.container B. reputation C. habit D.project2. A.do away with B. be satisfied with C. be angry with D.deal with3. A.what B. that C. anything D.nothing4. A.casual B. crowded C. busy D.stressful5. A.survey B. account C. research D.belief6. A.In summary B. In other words C. For example D.In addition7. A.diligently B. carefully C. previously D.accordingly8. A.think B. construct C. control D.treat9. A.behind B. late C. ahead D.dull10. A.key B. problem C. opposite D.rear11. A.advanced B. backward C. early D.front。
