一般将来时时态1. 一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态;常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语;如：What will you do this afternoon 你今天下午干什么We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会;He is going to study abroad到国外 next year. 明年他要出国学习;2. 一般将来时的结构及应用1 shall / will + 动词原形;表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态;特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情,只能用此结构;如：What shall we do if he doesn’t come 如果他不来,我们该怎么办Will you be free this evening 今天晚上有空吗I think he will tell us the truth真相; 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的;2 be going to + 动词原形;表示已经计划或安排好了的事情,也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情;如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss 讨论the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情;Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云,我想天要下雨了;There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会;3 be +现在分词;表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态;这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等;如：Go ahead, and I’m coming. 走前面一点吧,我就来;The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了;Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点,商店就要关门了;4 一般现在时;表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作;比方说,上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等;如：Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙,回忆八点过一刻开始;The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回;巩固练习：一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Li Lei tells me he _________________visitthe Great Wall长城this weekend.2.My mother _________________buyme a pair of new trousers tomorrow.3.She says she _________________leavesoon.4.We _________________go skating if it doesn’t rain next Sunday.5.There _________________bean English evening next week.6.Think over, and you _________________geta good idea.7.——___________Jim ___________havea picnic next Monday——-No, he __________.8.I _________________missyou after you leave here.9.Who _________________teachyou English next year10.He _________________ be back in three hours.11.Look at these clouds. It ___________________ rain.二、改错：每处划线中有错误,在题后改正1.He will sing anddancesfor us tomorrow.2.Are you going to swim ------Yes, Iwill.3.He will help Jim with his Englishevery day.4.Will her sistersingsa song for me tomorrow5.They willn’t plant trees next week.6.Are they going toplaysbasketball tomorrow7.Willwe go to visit the factory tomorrow8.Paulwill be going tomake dumplings for Emma.9.Are the boys going to the Great Wall next month ------Yes, theywill.三、句型转换：Jimis going to play footballtomorrow.Marywill clean the windowsnext week.否定句：____________________________ ______________________________一般疑问句：_____________________________ ______________________________两回答：___________________________ _____________________________特殊疑问句：______________________ _____________________________四、选择题1. —Are you going to _______ our English team—Yes, I am.A. take part inB. joinC. took part inD. joined2. Xu Xia and her teammates are _______ the USA next week.A. leaving forB. leave forC. leaveD. left3. There _______ an English party in our class next week.A. is going to haveB. is going to beC. will haveD. Have4. If it _______ tomorrow, we will go to the park.A. isn’t rainB. don’t rainC. doesn’t rainD. won’t rain5. There ______ a football match next week. Shall we go and watch itA. will haveB. hasC. haveD. will be“Would you mind doing…”句型透视mind用作动词时,习惯后接动名词短语作宾语,而不接动词不定式,常用于Would you mind doing…句型中,具体用法是：1. “Would you mind doing…”句型常用于表示请求,意思是“请你做……你是否介意、请你做……好吗”,是一种比较客气的表达方式;如：Would you mind turning off the light in the room请你把房间里的灯关掉好吗如果要表示“请你不要做……你是否介意、请你不要做……好吗”,只需要在doing前面加上not.如：Would you mind not standing in front of me请你不要站在我的前面好吗2. 如果同意,表示不介意时,可用如下用语来表达：Certainly/Of course not./Not at all./No, not at all；如果不同意,表示介意时,常用“Sorry/I‘m sorry.”对不起及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对;如：—Would you mind going to the movies this evening今晚去看电影好吗—I‘m sorry. But I haven’t finished my homework yet.对不起,我的作业还没有完成;学习时还要注意：1.“Would you mind doing…”句型中的would也可用do代替,但语气较生硬,不如用would客气;2.“Would you mind doing…”句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you.如果想要对方允许自己做某事,可用“Would you mind my doing…”句型,如：Would you mind my smoking here你介意我在这里吸烟吗巩固练习：一、用下面提供的短语完成句子;1. help me wash my clothesWould you mind ______________________________2. give her a cup of teaWould you mind _______________________________3. help him mend his carDo you have _______________________________4. walk on the roadWould you mind _______________________________ on the road二、选择题1. —Would you mind _______ us in the game—Not at all.A. joiningB. joinC. join inD. joining in2. —Would you like to climb mountains with me this Sunday—I’d love to. But I _______ play table tennis against Class Three.A. am goingB. am going toC. amD. going to3. —Would you mind _______here—I’m sorry about that. I’ll go somewhere else.A. no smokingB. not smokingC. no smokeD. not smoke1. had better 的基本用法特点其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had 通常缩略为’d：You’d better get some sleep．你最好去睡一会儿;Wego before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去;2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时,通常将not置于had better之后而不是had之后；而构成疑问式时,则通常将had而不是had better置于主语之前：I’d better not disturb him．我最好别去打扰他;What had we better do我们最好怎么办练习题1. —I’m afraid you have a cold. You’d better go to see a doctor.—_______A. No, I have no time.B. That’s a good idea.C. It’s very kind of you.D. I’m sorry to hear that.2. —I’m fat. What should I do—You’d better eat _______ meat and _______ fruits.A. less; moreB. less; lessC. more; lessD. more; more3. You had better ask your brother _______ playing computer games. It’s badfor him.A. to give upB. not to give upC. to give it upD. not give it up4. —I have a stomachache. What should I do—You _______ drink sweet water and _______ eat sweet food.A. had better not; shouldn’tB. should; had betterC. had better; had betterD. shouldn’t; should5. —I have a toothache.—You should _______.A. drink lots of waterB. take a restC. see a dentistD. have a good sleep情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can could, may might, must, have to, shall should, will would, need needed, ought to等; 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语;一、 can, could1. 表示能力体力、知识、技能;Can you lift this heavy box体力Mary can speak three languages.知识Can you skate技能2.表示请求和允许;-----Can I go now----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.此时可与may互换;在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中;---- Could I come to see you tomorrow---- Yes, you can. No, I’m afraid not.3.表示客观可能性客观原因形成的能力;They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4.表示推测惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度,用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中;Can this be trueThis can’t be done by him.How can this be true二、 may, might1. 表示请求和允许;might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式;否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”;----Might/ May I smoke in this room---- No, you mustn’t.---- May/Might I take this book out of the room---- Yes, you can. No, you can’t / mustn’t.用May I...征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...在口语中更常见;2.用于祈使句,表示祝愿;May you succeed3. 表示推测、可能性不用于疑问句;might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小;1．He may /might be very busy now.2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1. 表示必须、必要;You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t禁止,不准,而用needn’t, don’t have to不必.---- Must we hand in our exercise books today---- Yes, you must.---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.2. must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要;must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式;1 he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3.表示推测、可能性只用于肯定的陈述句1 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he lik es best.2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、need1.need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句;在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替;1You needn’t come so early.2 ---- Need I finish the work today---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.2. need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化;而need后面只能接带to的不定式;He needs to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should1.shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见;What shall we do this evening2.shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;1.You shall fail if you don’t work hard.警告2He shall have the book when I finish it.允诺3He shall be punished.威胁六、 will, would1.表示请求、建议等,would更委婉;Will / Would you pass me the ball, please2..表示意志、愿望和决心;1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向;would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义;1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.七、 should1.should表示“应该”1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2.表示推测should , 客观推测, must主观推测;1.He must be home by now. 断定他已到家2He ought to/should be home by now.不太肯定3 This is where the oil must be.直爽4This is where the oil ought to/should be.含蓄练习题1. —May I ask you some questions, Dr. Wang—_______A. You’re welcome.B. Sure, go ahead.C. No, I’m busy.D. Yes, you must.2. —Must I take part in the activity—No, you _______. You’re too young. You should look after yourself.A. mustn’tB. don’tC. can’tD. don’t have to3. —May I watch TV, Mom—I’m afrai d you _______.A. should notB. can’tC. must notD. may not4. —Must we keep the window _______ all the time—No, you don’t have to.A. openingB. openedC. to openD. open5. —Must I take the medicine every day—No, you _______.A. mustB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. can’t6. My mother is ill. I _______ stay at home to take care of her.A. canB. mayC. have toD. maybe7. —May I use your dictionary, Lily—Sure, _______.A. go aheadB. you can ask BillC. you can’tD. that’s all right反身代词用法归纳一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式;二、oneself与himself当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：One should not praise oneself himself. 一个人不应该自吹自擂;三、反身代词的句法功能：1. 用作同位语加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重;Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人;2. 用作宾语动词或介词的宾语：Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己;She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话;The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了;3. 用作表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己;The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己;1. —He plays basketball so well Who taught _______—He learnt it by _______.A. him; himB. himself; himselfC. him; himselfD. himself; him要求四会的单词名词体育运动team match football tennis baseballskating rowing cycling basketball soccer人物或称谓类person player musician scientist pilotpoliceman policewoman postman fishermanhero grandfather grandmother grandparents物品类basket cup paper gold record brush ring处所类grass theatre/theater museum factory身体健康类body health toothache headache fevercough stomachache illness medicine heart食品饮料类coffee tea candy fruit sugartomato+es potato+es salt watermelon sandwichstrawberry beef biscuit meal时间类age century weekend文化信息类information website Internet dictionaryknowledge message passage culture其他shower fact care advicea piece of advice news pityarticle smoke risk question habitworldwar introduction note smile peacesouth middle taxi answer litter voice score line phone example skillpoint chance suggestion mind sidedream future friendship jump part形容词或副词weak←→strong least ←→most popular←→unpopularhealthy =fit←→ill fat ←→thin dirty←→cleanuseful←→ useless dark←→bright hungry←→ fulldead←→alive cheap ←→expensive=dear true←→ falsecorrect←→ wrong possible ←→impossible quiteexcited /exciting tired/tiringcertainly badly really finally evenfamous mad angry main successful enough terrible serious still funny active modern necessary动词：win cheer row join skate cycledream grow spend jump relaxleave kick pass throw fightenjoy/practice/ finish/ mind +doing sth. advise killinvent become follow hold scorepoint hit hear ring stand feel break record suggest lift boil brushlie cry care check worry causesmoke taste force risk build happen介词against through without off except词组荟萃名词词组table tennis the day after tomorrow day and nightice cream potato chips first aid relay race动词词组cheer...on grow up be good forbe good at=do w ell in←→do badly in take part in keepfit leave for fall ill give sb. a hand shout at sb.do one’s best=try one’s best be angry with talkaboutcome into being stand for have a cold liedownworry about go ahead build sb. up takecare of介词词组及其他for example at least in fact as...aspossible in the futureon the other hand instead of all overat first课本中出现的词组或搭配归纳be able to be sure be interested in see sb.do/doing sthjoin the school rowing team join sb spend ...doing sththe high jump the long jump turn ... into... make sb./sth. +adj. all over the world help sb. dosth play against have funthe most popular sports stop sb from doing sth. such as/for examplehundreds of years the boys’ 800-meter race lots of =a lot ofmake friends with sb. win the first place nexttimelook/ get well/better take one’s advicetake medicine take/have a bath have/take a restfeel like doing sth. go up go outfall down nothing serious stay uphave a good rest do morning/eye exercises tell/ask sbto do sth.give up show sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. too much重句大本营1.—What are you going to do—I’m going to play basketball.2.—Would you like to come and cheer us on—Sure,I’d love to.3.—Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing—I prefer rowing.4.—Are you going to join the school rowing team—Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.5.—What’s your favorite sport, ________—Basketball, of course.6.—Who’s your favorite player—LeBron James.7.—What are you going to be when you grow up—I’m going to be a scientist.8.—Why do you like playing soccer—Because it makes him strong and it’s popular all over the world.9.—_______, could you help me=give me a hand, please—Sure.10.—Will you join us—I’d be glad to.11.—Would you mind teaching me—Not at all. You can do it12.—Would you mind not putting your bike here—Sorry. I’ll put it somewhere else.13.—_______, I am sorry for what I said.宾语从句—It’s nothing.14.—Will you take part in the school sports meet—Of course I will.15.—Which sport will you take part in—The boys’ 800-meter race.16.—Hello, is _______ in—Speaking.17.—What shall we take—We’ll take our sp orts clothes and sports shoes.18.—Shall I take my camera—Good idea It’ll be fun19.—When shall we meet—Let’s make it half past six.20.—Where shall we meet—At my house.21.—Hello, _________ You don’t look well. What’s wrong withyou=What’s the matter with you=What is the matter with you—I have a toothache/backache/stomachache/headache/fever.I have the flu.22.—I hope you’ll get well soon.—Thank you.23.—How long have you been like this—Two days./For two days.24.—You’d better take some medicine.—I think I will.25.—How are you feeling today—Not too bad.26.—Staying up late is bad for your health.—Right I must have a good rest.27.—May I ask you some questions, Dr. Li—Sure, go ahead.28.—Must we go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu—Yes, we must./No, we needn’t.we don’t have to.29.—Could I speak to Dr. Li Yuping30.—I’m afraid he is busy right now.—Can I leave a message—Sure, go ahead.其他重要句型1.She spends half an hour exercising in the gym every day.2.There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.3.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.4.Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the United States andother parts of the world.5.It’s important for you and the other players to play as a team.6.With hundreds of years’ history,it is one of the most popular sportsin England.7.The Summer Olympics and Winter Olympics are both held every fouryears.8.You’d better stay in bed and not move your left leg too much.9.Follow the doctor’s advice, and you’ll get well soon.=If you followthe doctor’s advice, you’ll get well soon.10.Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar.11.But his mother made him taste it.12.They must give up smoking as soon as possible.13.Playing sports can also help you keep fit.。
