轿车传动轴的设计与校核
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潍坊科技学院学士学位论文
毕业设计
轿车传动轴的设计与校核
2012年5月
摘要
传动轴是组成机器零件的主要零件之,一切做回转运动的传动零件(例如:齿轮,蜗轮等)都必须安装在传动轴上才能进行运动及动力的传动,传动轴常用于变速箱与驱动桥之间的连接。这种轴一般较长,且转速高,只能承受扭矩而不承受弯矩。应该使传动轴具有足够的刚度和高临界转速,在强度计算中,由于所取的安全系数较大,从而使轴的尺寸过大,本文讨论的传动轴工艺设计方法,并根据现行规范增添了些表面处理的方式比如表面发兰。
提出一种三点接触沟道截面形式的球笼式等速万向节,其钟形壳外沟道的沟道截面形式为圆弧沟道,星形套内沟道的沟道截面形式为椭圆沟道或双心弧沟道。对其内、外沟道结构进行设计,并利用 H e r t z 接触理论进行接触应力的计算。结果表明,三点接触沟道能减小内、外沟道接触应力,改善其内部接触状况。
关键词:球笼式等速万向节;三点接触沟道;接触应力;计算
ABSTRACT
Drive shaft is composed of the main parts of the machine parts, all do rotary movement of the transmission parts (such as: gear, worm gear, etc.) must be installed on the shaft to movement and power transmission, driving shaft is often used in the connection between the transmission and drive axle. The shaft is longer than the general, and high speed, can withstand the torque under bending moment. Should make the shaft has enough stiffness and high critical speed, the strength calculation, due to take the safety coefficient is larger, so that the size of the shaft is too big, this article discusses the transmission process design method, and according to the current specification adds some surface treatment way, such as hair surface.
Put forward a three-point contact channel cross section form of ball cage patterned constant speed universal joint, the bell-shaped shell outside the channel cross section form of the channel is a circular arc channel, stars form within the set of channel of the channel or dual channel cross section form of ellipse arc channel. Was carried out on the inside and outside channel structure design, and using the theory of t H e r z contact for the calculation of contact stress. Results show that three contact channel can reduce the contact stress, the internal and external channel to improve the internal contact condition.
Key words:Birfield ball-joint; 3 contact channel; Contact stress; Calculation
目录
引言........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。第一章传动轴................................................. 错误!未定义书签。第二章球笼等速万向节的设计 (4)
2.1 建立约束条件 (4)
2.2 万向传动的计算载荷 (5)
2.3 星形套和钟形壳的结构设计 (6)
2.4 万向节受力分析 (12)
2.5 沟道设计 (16)
2.6其它参数的设计........................................... 错误!未定义书签。7 2.7 接触应力计算. (17)
2.8万向节寿命计算 (19)
第三章花键轴设计 (19)
第四章零件的工艺分析 (21)
4.1零件表面加工方法的选择 (21)
4.2孔加工方案 (21)
4.3加工方案的选择 (22)
4.4确定毛坯 (22)
4.5工艺规程设计 (23)
结论 (28)
参考文献 (29)
致谢 (30)
引言:
球笼式等速万向节是目前应用最为广泛的等速万向节,作为前置前驱动轿车的关键部件,等速万向节的性能和寿命与接触应力密切相关,万向节疲劳破坏的特征是常在沟道表面造成剥落和点蚀。球笼式等速万向节接触应力与其沟道截面形式有着很大的关系,因此,沟道设计和制造的能力直接影响万向节的工作能力和使用寿命…。
目前,球笼式等速万向节内部沟道截面形式主要为圆弧形、椭圆形和双心弧形,且其内、外沟道都采用相同的截面形式。但内沟道的接触应力要比外沟道的接触应力大得多,且内沟道的接触疲劳、点蚀破坏程度高于外沟道。而在相同的尺寸大小、经受相同转矩及转速的前提下,椭圆形与双心弧形内沟道的接触应力要比圆弧形的小,而圆弧形外沟道的接触应力要比椭圆形与双心弧形的小。在此前提下,提出了一种三点接触沟道截面形式的球笼式等速万向节,以期改善其内部接触情况。