Module1 British and American English1.which 定从There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning.Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing.2.省略which\that 定从The chips (which\that)the British know and love are French fries on the other side of Atlantic.3.where 地点状从The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them.注意区别于where 定从The British use prepositions at a place where Americans sometimes omit them.4. prep.+which 的定从The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.5. which 非限定从The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East coast of the US.6. when 时间状从；that同位语从句When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a mon language, he obviously thinking about the differences.7. so that 结果状从; that 宾从It has led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.8. as…as 结构应用After all. There is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.9. it 作形宾This non-stop munication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans, to understand each other.10 现在分词-ing 作状语，表结果By the 1850s, it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.Module2 A Job Worth Doing1. which 非限定从One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz(拉巴斯)，is considered the most dangerous road in the world. On one side the mountains rise steeply(陡峭地), on the other side there is a sheer（陡峭的）drop, which in places ishundreds meters deep.2. so…that..结果状从The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive.3. who 定从，过去分词-ed作后定Apaza is a gentle 46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road, known locally as the Devil’s Bend(魔鬼弯道).4. when 时间状从When two vehicles approach from the opposite directions they can’t see each other, but they can see him.5. so that 目的状从Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on.6. 现在分词-ing 作状语，表伴随Often they just passed by, taking the human traffic signal for granted.7. 过去完成时had done，时间对比性的体现Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, he had had lots of jobs.8. 被动语态be done，which定从，过去完成时had doneA few years later, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus which had crashed at the Devil’s Bend.9. that 宾从，it形主He realized that he was lucky to be alive himself, and felt that it was his mission in life to help others.10. 将来进行时will be doing, 过去分词-ed做后置定语What sort of jobs will people be doing ten years from now? According to a survey published by an American university, the ten fastest growing jobs will be related to puters and health.11. as 原因状从, 将来时的被动will be doneAs more and more countries open up to tourism, more travel agents will be needed, but the real demand will be for guides to take groups and even individuals on adventure holidays.Module3 Adventure in Literature and Cinema1.现在分词-ing，作伴随状语So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice.2.不定代词（something, nothing, anything….）做先行词，后面的定从只能用that引导The other was tall and had something in his hand that looked like a gun.3．who 引导定从He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor.4.what 宾从, and 连接三个位于动词I crawled along the deck, found Jim, and told him what I had heard.5.过去分词-ed，做后置定语We found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.6.as 引导时间状从As we paddled away we heard the two men shouting.7. what 宾从, 过去完成时had doneNow I began to feel bad about what we had done.8.省略who 的定从Often the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create.9. only to do 常表意想不到的结果, that宾从He arrived in New Orleans（新奥尔良）without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.10.过去分词-ed做原因状语，有被动含义；现在分词-ing做伴随状语；which 定从Forced to change his plans, he worked for several days as a pilot on a steamboat, taking passengers up and down the Mississipi(密西西比河)，the great river which follows from the north of the US near the Canadian border(加拿大边境), down to the Gulf of Mexico(墨西哥湾).Module4 Carnival1. where非限定从，as 时间状从In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter(基督教的节日—复活节).2.现在分词-ing作主语，宾语Having fun meant eating, drinking and dressing up.3.as时间状从，so that结果状从，被动语态be doneAs time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas.4.现在分词-ing作伴随状语，what宾从, 被动语态be doneFor weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognized.5.while表转折Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret.6.that宾从; 现在分词-ing作主语; 过去完成时had done; 被动语态be done; which 非限定从The government realized that wearing masks had bee a problem. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the14th century.7.if 条件状从,被动语态be doneIf they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to 2years.8. as 时间状从。
