汉译英长句的翻译方法
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长句汉译英的处理方法通常包含:顺句译法、反序译法、拆句译法、综合译法。
下面给出若干实力说明,请读者体会。
Examples:1. “九龙壁”,建于1756年,全壁用五彩琉璃瓦砌成,两面各有蟠龙九条,姿态生动,反映了我国劳动人民的创造才能。
The Nine Dragon Screen, built in 1756, was made of colorful glazed tiles. The screen, with nine lively dragons on either side, reflects the great creativity of the Chinese working people.2.公园的中心——琼岛,周长l,913米,高32.8米,是1179年(金代)用挖海的泥土堆成的。
The center of the park is Qiong Island, 32.8 meters high and 1913 meters in circumference. It was made in 1179 (in the Jin Dynasty) with the earth that came from the digging of the lake.3.五四运动的杰出的历史意义,在于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态,这就是彻底地不妥协地反帝国主义和彻底地不妥协地反封建主义。
五四运动所以具有这种性质,是在当时中国的资本主义经济已有进一步的发展,当时中国的革命知识分子眼见得俄、德、奥三大帝主义国家已经瓦解,英、法两大帝国主义国家已经受伤,而俄国无产阶级已经建立了社会主义国家,德、奥(匈牙利)、意三国无产阶级在革命中,因而发生了中国民族解放的新希望。
The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well an anti-feudal movement. Itsoutstanding historical significance is seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911,namely, its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism. The May 4th Movement possessed this quality because capitalism had developed a step further in China and because new hopes had arisen for the liberation of the Chinese nation as China's revolutionary intellectuals saw the collapse of three great imperialist powers, Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and weakening of two others, Britain and France, while the Russian proletariat had established a socialist state and the German, Hungarian and Italian proletariat had risen in revolution.4.第一次世界大战后,帝国主义对中国加紧侵略,北洋军阀政府对外妥协投降,对内残酷压迫人民,给中国带来了深重的民族危机。
英语长句翻译实用技巧十翻译技巧10 长句翻译嵌切拆插(一)英译汉长句翻译的基本步骤英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点:一是对原文的准确理解,二是恰如其分的表达。
对原文的理解一般包括这样几个方面:①原作者的意旨;②作者的论点及它们之间的逻辑关系;③句与句之间的语法关系;④各个修饰成分之间的关系。
除了准确理解原文之外,译文的成功与否很大程度上取决于译者对母语的驾驭能力以及对翻译技巧的灵活运用。
英译汉的长句处理一般可分为理解和表达两个阶段及5个具体的处理步骤。
理解阶段可分为3个步骤:①扼要拟出全句的主要轮廓;②辨清该句的主从结构,并根据上下文领会全句的要旨;③将长句按表达的需要划分成若干部分,把握每部分的要点。
表达阶段可分为两个步骤进行:①逐一翻译划开的每一部分;②对译文进行调整、组合,然后检查、修改、润色。
我们看看下面一例长句的处理过程:英语原文:It is nothing else than impurities prenatally inherent in ore that seriously affect the quality of the latter,which is formed as a result of geological vicissitudes including diastrophic movement,eruption of volcano,sedimentation,glaciation and weathering etc.,under the action of which pyrogenic rocks,volcanic complex,aqueous rocks,sedimentary rocks etc.,come into being,some of which exist in a stage of symiosis,the main cause of the absence of pure rocks in nature,wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus,namely,ore-dressing devices and equipment,(which has been)so far impotent to meet the requirements of metallurgical industry the scientists make every endeavor to elevate to a new high by laser separation.第一、理解阶段第一步,扼要拟出全句的轮廓框架,其主体结构为两个并列复合句:It is nothing else than impurities... that seriously affect the quality of the latter,(不是别的,正是杂质严重影响了后者的质量……)wherein lies the reason for the need of separation technology and apparatus(因此存在需要分离技术与器械的理由)第二步,辨清该长句的主从结构,并根据上下文和全句内容领会其要旨:It is nothing else than impurities... that seriously affect the quality of...,which is formed as...,under the action of which... rocks... etc.,come into being...,some of which exist in...,wherein lies the reason for the need of...,(which have been)so far impotent to meet the requirements of...第三步,将长句按表达的需要划分成若干部分,把握每部分的要点:1)Impurities prenatally inherent in ore seriously affect its quality.(矿石中的天然杂质影响了矿石的质量。
汉译英长句的翻译方法将汉语长句翻译成英语时,可以采用以下几种方法:1.分割句子:将长句分割成较短的句子,每个句子表达一个完整的思想,并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词或标点符号来连接这些句子。
例句:我昨天去了图书馆,借了一本关于历史的书,然后在图书馆里看了两个小时。
英文翻译:I went to the library yesterday and borrowed a book about history. Then, I spent two hours reading it in the library.2. 使用从句:将长句中的一部分转换为从句,并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词(如that, which, who, when, where等)引导从句。
例句:她告诉我她去年参加了一个很有意思的会议,这个会议是在纽约市举行的。
英文翻译:She told me that she attended an interesting conference last year, which was held in New York City.3. 使用定语从句:将长句中作为修饰的部分转换为定语从句,并在英语翻译中使用适当的关系代词(如that, which, who, whom等)引导定语从句。
例句:我喜欢那个戴眼镜的男孩,他总是很友好。
英文翻译:I like the boy who wears glasses; he is always friendly.4.利用省略:可以在英语翻译中省略一些不重要或重复的信息,使句子更清晰和简洁。
例句:我昨天和朋友一起去了看电影,然后吃了晚饭。
英文翻译:I went to watch a movie with my friends yesterday and had dinner afterwards.以上是一些常用的翻译方法,根据具体语境和句子结构的复杂程度,可以选择适合的方法进行翻译。
长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。
汉语和英语都有长句,但在句子结构上的差异很大。
所以,在翻译时要讲究方法,否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。
在处理长句时,要注意如何断句和如何区分主从,正确运用合并法,倒置法和插入法。
一、断句所谓断句,就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。
大凡长句多为复句,而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。
汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译,才能使意思清晰,结构利落,合乎英语的表达习惯。
另外,现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短,文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。
为此,翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。
一般来说,在以下几种情况下都可以断句:1. 汉语句子较长,内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句,在结构上有困难,语境也不清楚;断句则便于清晰地表达原意,又符合英语的表达习惯。
·历来只有真正老实的劳动者,才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想,而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动,为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何,把你雇在隔壁人家放牛,每月可以得他几钱银子,你又有现成饭吃,只在明日就要去了。
There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。
英语长句翻译的技巧一、顺序法I think he realized discomfort, for he leant forward in his chair and spoke to me, his voice gentle, asking if I would have some more coffee, and when I shook my head I felt that his eyes were still upon me, puzzled.我认为他意识到了我的不安,因为他坐在椅子上倾过身来对我说话,温文尔雅的问我要不要来电咖啡,而且当我摇了摇头时,我感觉到他的一双眼睛依旧困惑不解的盯着我看。
二、逆序法Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the still resistance that gets in the way.由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带,这一事实使我加强了信心。
三、分译法The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a side spread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于头一天的选举结果,总统就此发了言。
英语长句翻译的五种方法一、英语长句翻译所涉及的基本问题科技英语具有逻辑性强、结构严密、表达明确等特点。
这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。
英语长句后置修饰语多,并列成份多,句法结构复杂,层次重叠。
因此,进行长句翻译时,要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。
二、长句翻译的基本方法英语长句汉译时主要采用下列五种方法:顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。
(一)顺译法顺译法是指在英译汉过程中,按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序,依次译出的翻译方法。
It is important to remember that the composition of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification,and such variations in composition,impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties.重要的是要记住,给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化,这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化,将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。
原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。
由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是基本一致的,因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。
The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches of the profession developing consumer goods,such as the materials of construction and industry,including steel,timber,concrete and many other materials;and engaging the modern application and use of steam,electric and gas power enginesand machines.土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和其他部门提供的产品。
英汉互译八种技巧英汉八种翻译技巧,从“转换法”、“倒置法”、“省译法”、“增译法”、“拆句法”、“合并法”、“正反表达法”和“长句拆译法”的角度,帮助你更好地进行英汉互译。
1.转换法:转换法是指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语言的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
在词义方面,需要从多方面对词义的选择进行考察。
引申法和转译法是在词义引申上的一个特例,具体表现为更广泛的用途。
翻译中不能孤立的处理词汇的语境化,不考虑词汇+语素构成的语境。
2.倒置法:在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语往往位于被修饰语之前,这与英语中的修饰语位置相反。
所以当我们翻译包含定语或状语的英语句子时,可以采取倒置法。
3.省译法:省略翻译法可以帮助我们在翻译时避免冗余和歧义,让我们的翻译更加简洁明了。
4.增译法:增译法的使用是在原文基础上添加必要的单词、词组、短语或句子,以便更准确地表达原文的意思。
5.拆句法:当我们面对长而复杂的英语句子时,可以尝试使用拆句法。
这种方法可以帮助我们更好地理解和翻译每一个小句子,从而使整体翻译更加流畅。
6.合并法:与拆句法相反,合并法是将几个短句子合并成一个长句子。
这种翻译技巧通常用于处理英语中的复合句。
通过合并法,我们可以使译文更加紧凑、连贯。
7.正反表达法:有时,英语中的正说可以采用反译的方法,反之亦然。
这种方法可以帮助我们更好地适应不同语言的表达方式和习惯。
8.长句拆译法:对于长而复杂的英语句子,我们可以尝试将其拆分成几个小句子,以便更好地理解和翻译。
这种方法可以帮助我们理清句子的结构和层次,使整体翻译更加清晰明了。