瑞典条分法-PPT
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瑞典条分法基本原理
嘿,朋友!今天咱们来好好聊聊瑞典条分法的基本原理。
啥是瑞典条分法呢?简单来说,就好比搭积木,要一块一块稳稳地搭起来,而瑞典条分法就是帮助我们分析土体稳定性的一个厉害工具!
比如说,你想想看,一座山坡如果不稳定,是不是随时可能滑坡呀?这时候瑞典条分法就派上用场啦!它把山坡土体分成好多小块,就像把一个大蛋糕切成好多片一样。
然后呢,去计算每一小块的作用力,看看能不能保持平衡。
这就好像你挑担子,两边重量得差不多,不然你就走不稳啦!
咱再深入点说,就像你在玩跷跷板,一头重一头轻肯定不行呀,得找到那个平衡点。
瑞典条分法就是帮我们找这个土体的平衡点呢!你说神奇不神奇?比如说在修一条路的时候,工程师们就得用这个方法来保证路边的土坡稳稳当当的,不然车开着开着路塌了可咋办呀!
它跟我们的生活可息息相关呢!没有它,那些高楼大厦、桥梁隧道怎么能安全地建起来呀?它就像一个幕后英雄,默默地保障着我们的生活安全。
哎呀,你想想,如果没有瑞典条分法,这世界得乱成啥样呀!那么多建筑不得摇摇晃晃呀!所以说呀,这瑞典条分法可真是太重要啦!咱得好好了解了解它,是不是?
我的观点就是:瑞典条分法是岩土工程领域极其重要的一个方法,它为土体稳定性分析提供了可靠的依据,保障了众多工程的安全实施,真的是功不可没啊!。
瑞典条分法的基本假定
瑞典条分法是一种常用的风险管理方法,其基本假定包括以下几个方面:
1. 风险是客观存在的,它是指在特定的环境下,某种事件对目标造成不利影响的可能性和影响程度。
2. 风险可以分解成不同的因素,如概率、影响、时间、空间等等。
每个因素都可以采用不同的量化方法来衡量。
3. 风险可以通过采取措施来降低,措施的效果可以用降低风险的程度来衡量。
4. 风险的处理应该基于客观的分析和评估,而非主观的臆断和猜测。
5. 风险管理应该是一个不断循环的过程,包括风险识别、风险评估、风险控制、风险监测等环节。
总之,瑞典条分法的基本假定是以客观数据和科学方法为基础,通过对风险因素的分析和量化来实现对风险的有效管理和控制。
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2.2.1.1 Fellenius’s methodFellenius’s method (Fellenius 1936) is the simplest one of all the methods which make use of vertical slices. It is also known as the “Swedish”, “Ordinary” or “USBR” method. Figure 2.1 shows the region above the assumed circular failure surface divided into vertical slices. Figure 2.2 shows a single slice with all forces acting on it. In Fellenius’s method, both the vertical and horizontal inter-slice forces are neglected. The normal force on the base of the slice is calculated by summing forces in a direction perpendicular to the bottom of the slice. By taking the moments about the center of the slip circle and assuming that every point along the slip surface has the same value of factor of safety, the factor of safety can be calculated as follow:[][]∑∑′Δ−+Δ′=αϕαsin tan )cos (W l u W l c F s (2-1)where c ′ and φ′ are shear strength parameters at the mid-point of the slice base; W is the total weight of the slice; α is the inclination of the base of the slice; u is the pore water pressure at the mid-point of the slice base and l Δ is the length of the base of the slice. According to the US Army Corps of Engineers (2003), the equation for Fellenius’s method can be also written as:The derivation procedures for Eqs. (2-1) and (2-2) are different. Eq. (2-1) is derived by first solving the force because of the total weight of slice in a direction perpendicular to the base of the slice and then subtracting the force because of pore water pressures. For Eq. (2-2), it is derived by first calculating an “effective” weight of slice by subtracting the uplift force due to pore water pressure from the total weight,and then resolving forces in a direction perpendicular to the slice base. It should be noted that Eq. (2-1) can lead to unrealistically low or negative stresses on the base of slice in effective stress analysis. US Army Corps of Engineers (2003) recommended to use Eq. (2-2) because it could lead to more reasonable results when pore water pressures are considered.Figure 2.1 Vertical slices within slipping soil massFigure 2.2 Forces acting on a single vertical sliceThe factor of safety calculated from Fellenius’s method may differ by as much as 20% from that from rigorous methods (Whitman and Bailey 1967), especially when the pore water pressures are high. Although the error is generally on the safe side, the error may be so large as to yield uneconomical designs. When 0=φ, this method yields the same factor of safety as most rigorous methods.b。
说明:
1、本边坡计算采用瑞典条分法计算;
2、以边坡坡脚为圆心建立坐标系;
3、本边坡计算,需要输入的基本参数有:边坡高度、边坡角度、滑动圆弧圆心坐标、土层重度、土的有效粘聚力、内摩擦角,水头高、各土层厚度、附加荷载情况等;
4、其他计算因子可根据实际工程情况调整;
5、土条宽度建议采用(0.05——0.1)R(滑动圆半径);本人经验在一般土条宽度越小,Ks值也会偏小;本边坡计算只作为计算范本,实际计算时应按要求调整;
6、有效内摩擦角:考虑地下水;当通过不同地层时,按土条中线位置在相应的土层来确定的;
7、有效粘聚力:考虑地下水;当通过不同地层时,按土条中线位置在相应的土层来确定的;
8、地下水水头高h wi 取土条中点数值,故水压U i=γw h wi b i。
用瑞典条分法计算坝坡稳定的步骤:用条分法计算坝坡稳定的步骤:
1、选取计算代表断面(一般取坝的最大断面);
2、画出浸润线(根据渗流分析成果)
3、选定滑弧圆心(在坝坡中点铅垂线与外法线之间,以中点为圆心,半径为
(1/2~3/4)L的范围内);
4、选取定滑出点(可取坡脚点);
5、画出滑弧;
6、确定土条的宽度,土条的宽度取为滑弧半径的整数倍,b=R/m,m为土条数,
可以取10~20;
7、对滑动体进行条分(条分时以滑弧圆心垂线为第0条的中线,分别往上下划
分并编号,编号时取逆滑动方向为正,顺滑动方向为负); 8、计算土条分段高度;
9、计算分段自重(不同段采用不同重度指标);
10、计算各土条渗透压力水头;
11、利用公式计算各土条抗滑力、下滑力;
12、累加抗滑力和下滑力;
求安全系数。
13、
21/2 注:sinα=i/m;cosα=(1-(i/m))ii i为土条编号,逆滑动方向为1、2、3。
,顺滑动方向为-1、-2、-3。
;m为土条数。