新概念英语第三册语法新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习<二>:虚拟语气摘要：新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习.虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望,与事实相反的假设,通常分为基本的三种形式.新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望,与事实相反的假设,通常分为基本的三种形式.1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：If + did / were + ..., ... wouldshouldcould + do <动词原形>mightIf I were you, I would go abroad at once. <I am not you.> If he knew it now, he could help me. <He doesn't know it now.>2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：If + had done + ..., ... would <might> have done ...If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.<I didn't know your telephone number.>If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.<You didn't come here earlier.>3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：<1> If + should + v., ... would + v.<可能性很小><译作"万一">If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.If I should fail, what should Ido?<2> If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.<完全不可能>If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you themoney.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4. 金牌特殊重点：!![简单联想记忆]：● 下列动词后的"宾语从句"中需要用虚拟形式,即should + 动词原形,shoud在美国英语中要省略<TOEFL语法考点>.此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest<建议>insist<坚决要求>,advise, etc.例句：He suggested that we <should> help them with English.The teacher ordered that the homework <should> be finished within half an hour.● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用"should + 动词原形"<should可省去>的虚拟.suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.He made a suggestion that we <should> have a fancy dress party.I think it is a thing of importance that it <should> be done soon.● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.It is strange that you should say such a thing.It was important that you should tell me all the information.● wish后的宾语从句中,as if 后的状语从句中,须用下列的虚拟形式：主 + wish+ <that> + 主 + did / were<指现在>haddone<指过去>would+ v.<指将来>Iwishthat I met my uncle now.IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.测试精编：选择正确选项：1. I ________ he had taught me the word, but he didn't.A. believeB. hopeC. wishD. think2. The man in charge recommends that this matter ________ at the meeting.A. would be discussedB. will be discussedC. be discussedD. may be discussed3. It is raining now, otherwise we ________ go out play.A. couldB. canC. mayD. will4. ________ he come late, give him the message.A. HadB. ShouldC. WouldD. Did5. Hadn't my car broke down, I ________ the train.A. would have caughtB. might catchC. could catchD. would catch6. I would have helped him if I had time, but I ________.A. haven'tB. hadC. didn'tD. wouldn't7. The dam was built in time to protect the inhabitants from the flood; ________.A. otherwise the damage would be beyond measure.B. the damage, otherwise, should be very great.C. the damage could have been very serious otherwise.D. the damage caused, therefore, many of them homeless.8. It is natural that an employee ________ his work on time.A. finishesB. finishC. can finishD. finishs9. I would go abroad but that I ________ poor.A. amB. wasC. shall beD. were10. Don't act as if you ________ the only pebble on the beach.A. areB. wereC. have beenD. would be1. C2. C3.A4. B5.A6. C7. C8. B9.A 10. B新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习<三>:代替与省略摘要：新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习.英语中,为了避免不必要的重复,经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习英语中,为了避免不必要的重复,经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容.如：He translated the article better than I did. <did代替wrote it>— Doyou think she isclever?— I think so. <so代替 she is clever><1> 从上两例中看出,do / does / did 代替动词.<2> "so 与 not" 代替某个词、短语、句子等,通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc 后作宾语.E.g. — Is it correct?— I'm afraid not. <not correct><3> "to" 用作不定式,常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc.E.g. I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. <go to the party><4> "do so, do that, do it" 用来代替动态动词,而不能代静态动词.Eg. — He gave up studying English.— Why did he do so? <= give up studying English>— The dish tastes nice.— Yes, so it does. <tastes nice><此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词.><5> 为使语言精炼,避免不必要的重复,对话中常用省略形式.E.g. — He is thinking of buying a car?— Is he?<这里,"thinking of buying a car"被省略了.>— Will he come back in time?— Perhaps.<省略了he will come back in time.>测试精编：1. — Shall I wake you up tomorrow? — Yes, ________ .A. please doB. you shallC. you willD. you may2. I think records are often ________ an actual performance.A. as good as or better thanB. as good or better thanC. like good or better thanD. as good as any other3. —If he doesn't come to work, he may be fired. —Surely he isn't so foolish ________ not to realize that.A. soB. andC. butD. as4. — Don't you think Alan's health has beenruined by smoking? — Yes, he told me ________ himself.A. the factB. this thingC. ItD. so5. — Will you go home tomorrowevening? — No, I'm going to a lecture, or at least, I'm planning ________ .A. onB. toC. soD. It6. — I slipped on the stairs, I think my arm is broken. — Oh! I ________ .A. do not hope soB. do not hopeC. hope not soD. hope not7. California relies mainly on income from fruit crops, and ________ .A. Florida alsoB. Florida tooC. Florida is as wellD. so does Florida8. — Have you been here long? — ________ .A. No, not veryB. Not muchC. Yes, only littleD. No, only yesterday9. — You look happy today, Mary. — I like my new dress and mother ________, too.A. doesB. likesC. isD. do10. — So you are lost, little boy. Why didn't you hang on to your mother's skirt?— ________, but I couldn't reach it.A. I hanged toB. I did toC. I didn't hang toD. I tried toKey：1.A2.A3. D4.D5. B6. D7. D8.A9.A 10.D摘要：新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习.根据语法要求,把谓语动词置于主语前,称为完全倒装,把助动词或情态动词置于主语前,称为部分倒装.新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习倒装根据语法要求,把谓语动词置于主语前,称为完全倒装,把助动词或情态动词置于主语前,称为部分倒装.1.副词如：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒装.<完全倒装,但主语不能是代词>Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.In came Miss Green.<特别注意：当主语是人称代词时不倒装.>Away she went!<她走了!>Here you are!<你在这儿!>2.only + 副词<介词短语>位于句首,句子要倒装.Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.3.well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首,句子形成倒装.So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in thesun.Well did I know him and well did he know me.4.否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时,句子须倒装.此类词有： neither,nor,hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,not,never,not only,barely,at no time,nowhere 等.e.g. — Jack could not swim.— Neither could Tom.Never have I seen such a good movie.5.as引导让步状语从句,须倒装.<准确地说,是将需要强调的词提到as的前面.>Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity.Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully.6.在表示祝愿的句子中.May you make greater progress! <愿你取得更大进步!>7.在虚拟条件句中,连词if省略时,句型要倒装,即将were, had, should等词提到句首.Were I you, I would go abroad to take advanced study.我要是你,就出国进修了.Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.他要是明天来的话,他会帮我们解决这个问题的.8.百分特例重点：Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want.<NCE Book III Lesson 26>尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪,但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西了1. Not until the mid-nineteenth-century discovery of vast deposits of borate's in the Majave Desert ________ relativelyA. borax becameB. did borax becomeC. and borax becomeD. borax's becoming2. ________ received law degrees as today.A. Never so many women haveB. Never have so many womenC. The women aren't everD. Women who have never3. ________ the Bob's belongings that he carried them ina bundle slung over his shoulders.A. Were so fewB. Few were soC. So few wereD. They were so few4. Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother ________ to swim.A. how will it learnB. will it learn howC. it will learn howD. and it learns how5. Not only ________ a promise, but he also kept it.A. did he madeB. he madeC. did he makeD. he makes6. Nowhere in the world ________ .A. travelers can buy so much beauty for so little as in Hawaii.B. no one can buy so much beauty for so little money as Hawaii.C. so much beauty can be bought for so little money in Hawaii.D. can travelers buy so much beauty for so little money as in Hawaii.7. No sooner ________ gone home than it began to rainA. had IB. have IC. I hadD. I have8. Not for a moment ________ the truth of your story.A. he has doubtedB. he doubtsC. did he doubtD. he did doubt9. ________ succeed in doing anything.A. Only by working hard we canB. By only working hard we canC. Only by working hard can weD. Only we can work hard10. Never before in similar circumstances ________ .A. a British Prime Minister had refused to step down.B. did a British Prime Minister have refused to step down.C. a British Prime Minister did have refused to step down.D. had a British Prime Minister refused to step down.1. B2. B3. C4. B5. C6. D7.A8.C9. C 10. D新概念英语第三册语法精讲及练习形容词定义：形容词是用来修饰名词的词,描述名词的性质、外观、特点等.功能：形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语.分类：主要分为两类：描绘性形容词和限定性形容词.● 描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等.● 限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离及X围所属等.1.当形容词修饰单数可数名词时,必须与冠词连用：a lovely girl, the naughty boy2.形容词可与系动词连用,做表语,说明主语的性状.常用系动词有：be,become,seem,appear,feel,look,taste,smell,sound, remain,go,turn,keep,stay, etc.The dish tastes delicious.The music sounds sweet.The milk went bad.小心陷阱 feel,smell,taste,look,keep有时可以用作实义动词,并可以用副词修饰.He looked me up and down carefully.I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty.3.形容词用作后置定语.<简单理解：一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面,但有些形容词修饰名词时放在名词的后面>a river navigable<一条可通航的河>sight visible可见的景象person responsible<负责人>注意：responsible person<有责任心的人>the best way possible<尽可能好的办法>the number necessary<必要的数量>the people present<在场的人>4.只能作表语的形容词1.某些表示健康状况的形容词.well<身体好的>,ill<病的>,faint<虚弱的>,poorly<身体不好的>示例：His mother has been ill for a long time.特别注意：sick是个特例.它既可做表语,又可做定语.He is sick for a couple of days.<他病两三天了>He is a sick person.<他是个病人.>2.某些以 a-开头的形容词.如：afraid<害怕的>,alone<独自的>,alive<活着的>,asleep<睡着的>,awake<醒着的>,aware<意识到的>The old man is alone in the house.<老人一个人在家.>The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.<这位老师热情洋溢.> He is asleep in his mother's arms.<他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了.>I have been aware of the difficulty.<我已经意识到了困难.>. The Chinese food served in American restaurant is not bad but I prefer ________.A. Chinese food authenticallyB. Chinese authentic foodC. food Chinese authenticallyD. authentic Chinese food2. ________ lessons were not difficult.A. Our first few short EnglishB. Our few first short EnglishC. Our few first English shortD. Few our first English short3. — Do you think that the Labor bill will be passed? —Oh, yes, it's ________ that it will.A. almost surelyB. very likelyC. near positiveD. quite certainly4. — Have you traveled much? — No, I have done ________ traveling.A. fewB. littleC. smallD. less5. —I was very busy. —Did you really work hard ________?A. all dayB. all the dayC. all the day longD. all of day long6. —Do you need anything from the store? — ________ and some cheddar cheese.A. Only a French bread loafB. A French bread loaf onlyC. Only a loaf of French breadD. A loaf of French bread only7. According to the information, the newly-constructed highway is said to be ________.A. lengthy twenty milesB. length about twenty milesC. about twenty miles longD. in twenty miles of length8. Mr. Smith has done ________ business here.A. a lot ofB. a number ofC. muchD. lots9. —Are you helping to organize the political convention? — I'm in charge of welcoming the ________.A. out-of-town visitorsB. visitors from outside of townC. visitors out-of-townD. outside town visitors10. — Does Jane have brown hair? — Yes, In fact, it's quitesimilar in shape ________ yours.A. asB. withC. likeD. to1.D2.A3. B4. B5.A6. C7.C8.A9.A 10.D新概念英语第三册语法：反意疑问句摘要：新概念英语第三册语法：反意疑问句1.一般用法：He is a student, isn't he?He isn't a student, is he?<1> "have to, had better, used to"要用下列方式反问：He has to finish the work, doesn't he?They used to smoke, didn't / usedn't they?You'd better get up immediately, hadn't you?<2> "has, have"作为助动词和实意动词,反问形式不同.We have done all the work, haven't we?You have some time, don't you?2. "seldom, barely, hardly, scarcely, few, little" 语意本身是否定,因此反意问句应为肯定形式.She seldom comes to visit us, does she?He hardly knew it, did he?3.当主句为祈使句,反意问句提出要求,命令应用 "will you"Do it at once, will you?但如表示邀请,劝告,反意问句用 "won't you"Have a cup of tea, won't you?4.否定祈使句应用 "will you" 来反问.Don't open the window, will you?5. "Let's" 短语● 当其为肯定形式,"shall we" 提出反问Let's play basketball, shall we?● 当其为否定形式,"all right, ok" 提出反问Let's not go to the party, all right?● 如为 "let us ..." 其反问形式应为 "will you" 提出请求Let us go home, will you?6.当 "think, suppose, consider, believe" etc 被用作为主句谓语动词,其后带有宾语从句时,反意疑问问句应与从句保持一致.I don't think that he is an honest man, is he?许多句子在描述一个人或一件物品时往往会出现一系列修饰语；动词的修饰语, 即副词往往也会几个同时使用,构成平行结构,平行结构要求语法结构须保持一致,如：1．系列动词：After school, we sang, danced and played the piano in the classroom.2．系列形容词：She is slim, tall, blond and beautiful.3．系列副词：The students are listening to me carefully and eagerly.平行结构不仅包括动词,形容词,副词,也包括分词,不定式,动名词,名词短语和句子等的平行用法,务必提高辨别力.易混淆的动词1. rise,raise,arise,arouse"rise" 是不及物动词,过去式为rose,过去分词为risen,其基本词义"上升,上涨".The sun rises in the east.A good idea rose in my mind. "raise" 是及物规那么动词,"举起,提高".He raised his voice to make himself heard.The boy can raise the heavy stone."arise",是不及物动词,过去式为arose,过去分词arisen,其语义为"出现,发生" .His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked."arouse"是及物动词,过去式和过去分词为aroused,其语义为"唤醒,引起"arouse somebody from sleep 把某人唤醒arouse suspicion 引起怀疑2. lay,lie,lie"lay"及物动词,"放置,生蛋",过去式与过去分词为 "laid"I've laid the book on the self.The hen lays an egg every day."lie"不及物动词"位于,平躺",过去式为"lay"过去分词 "lain"He lay on the floor and slept soundly.Beijing lies in the north of China."lie"及物动词"说谎",它是规那么动词.He lied to his teacher.3. sit,seat"sit"不及物动词,过去式与过去分词均为 "sat".He sat in the classroom reading newspaper."seat"及物动词,"使就坐""容纳".He seats himself here.He is seated there.He seats the baby on his knees.The hall will seat 5000 people.4. affect,effect"affect" 及物动词,"对……有影响,感动,触及"The relations between then will be affected."effect" 及物动词, "导致,造成,带来〔变化〕,产生"The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.5. hang <hanged, hanged> / <hung, hung>当 hang过去式与过去分词为 "hanged",其含义是"绞死"；而当hang的过去式与过去分词为"hung"时,其含义是"悬挂".The man was hanged for murder.He hung his coat on the hook.6. borrow,lend"borrow"借入 "borrow sth. from ...""lend"<lent, lent> 借出 "lend sb. sth" 或 "lend sth. to sb."7. take,bring,fetch"take"<took, taken> 及物动词"拿走""bring"<brought, brought> 及物动词"带走""fetch" 及物动词"去取回来"1. receive,accept"receive" 客观上收到"accept" 主观上愿意接受I received his gift, but I wouldn't like to accept it.2. fit, suit"适合""fit" 指"尺寸"的适合"suit" 指"款式,花样等"的适合The dress doesn't fit me. It is too long.Blue is the color that suits her well.3. answer, reply "回答""answer" — vt."reply" — vi 须和 "to"连用"You needn't know it." He answered.So far, they haven't answered / replied to our questions.4. spend, cost, take "花费""spend" <spent, spent> 花"时间,金钱"主语须是人.He spend 5 hours writing the article."cost" <cost, cost> 花费"金钱,时间,劳力"可接双宾,主语须是"物".The book cost me $20 and 2 days."take" 通常指花"时间"主语须是"某种事情".It takes me 20 minuter to go to school.The work took me longer than I expected.5. assure,ensure"assure" 使放心 assure sb. of sth.assure sb. that...I can assure you of my honesty."ensure" 保证 ensure sth.〔其后不能接人称〕ensure thatensure doing sth.I can ensure his safety.He ensured that he finished the job in time.He ensured coming back later.百分重点：如ensure 含义为"保护,使安全",其结构为：ensure sb from / against sth.He ensured the boy from drowning.6. beat, defeat, win — vt."beat" <beat, beaten> 战胜,打败比赛,辩论中的对手He beat John at chess yesterday."defeat""击败"敌军,入侵者,整个球队They defeated the enemy in that battle."win" <won, won>"赢得比赛"win over sb.〔赢了某人〕The football team won the match.7. damage,destroy,hurt,spoil,wound,injure以上六个词中,"hurt" 可作及物,不及物动词外,其余五个均为及物动词."damage" ——损坏〔害〕〔有修复的可能性〕"destroy" ——摧毁,打破〔希望,计划〕毁灭〔无修复的可能性〕"hurt" ——伤害〔感情或身体某一部位〕痛疼"spoil" ——破坏,糟蹋〔晚会,旅游,参观等〕宠爱,惯怀〔孩子〕"wound" ——使受伤〔枪伤,刀伤〕"injure" ——使受伤Don't spoil your son too much.The man has destroyed the girl's life all her hopes.Some houses were damaged in the earthquake.I don't mean to hurt you.He was injured in the accident.It was dangerous because he was wounded seriously in the war测试精编1. His newly-published novel is quite a success ________a good income from the reading public.A. ensuring himB. assuring himC. assuring him ofD. assuring him about2. My watch ________ five o'clock.A. saysB. tellsC. speaksD. talks3. "He has been working very hard recently." "Because the burden of a big family has been ________ on his shoulder."A. bearB. borneC. bornD. bore4. The visiting delegates were urged to ________.A. talk at libertyB. state their open mindsC. make individual expressionsD. speak freelyKEYS1.C2.A3. B4.D代替与省略英语中,为了避免不必要的重复,经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容.<1> 从上两例中看出,do / does / did 代替动词.He translated the article better than I did. 〔did代替wrote it〕— Do you think she is clever?— I think so. 〔so代替 she is clever〕<2> "so与not" 代替某个词、短语、句子等,通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc 后作宾语.— Is it correct?— I'm afraid not. <not correct><3> "to" 用作不定式,常跟随下列动词：want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc.I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. <go to the party><4> "do so, do that, do it" 用来代替动态动词,而不能代静态动词.— He gave up studying English.— Why did he do so? <= give up studying English>— The dish tastes nice.— Yes, so it does. <tastes nice>〔此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词.〕<5> 为使语言精炼,避免不必要的重复,对话中常用省略形式.— He is thinking of buying a car?— Is he? 〔这里,"thinking of buying a car"被省略了.〕— Will he come back in time?— Perhaps. 〔省略了he will come back in time现在完成时：1．构成：have / has + 过去分词2．功能：〔1〕表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果.常与yet, just, before, recently, lately〔最近〕, ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用.He hasn't seen her lately.I haven't finished the book yet.〔2〕表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用.如：so far〔迄今为止〕, up till now〔直到现在〕, since, for a long time〔很长时间〕, up to present〔直到现在〕, in the past / in the last few years 〔在过去的几年里〕, these days〔目前〕……He has worked here for 15 years.I have studied English since I came here.The foreigner has been away from China for a long time.So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother.〔3〕某些非延续性动词〔即：动作开始便终止的动词〕,在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配.黄金要点：I．常见的非延续动词：die, arrive〔到达〕, join〔加入〕, leave 〔离开〕, go, refuse〔拒绝〕, fail〔失败〕, finish, buy, marry, divorce〔离婚〕, awake〔醒〕, buy, borrow, lend ... 〔背三遍！〕II．这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语.III．但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用.She has gone away for a month.〔误〕She has been away for a month 〔正〕The man has died for two years.〔误〕The man has been dead for two years.〔正〕How long have youbought the book?〔误〕How long have you got the book.〔正〕〔4〕注意 since的用法：They haven't had any trouble since they came here.It has been ten years since we met last time.He has been here since 1980.He has been here since ten years ago.几组对比：He has gone to Shanghai. 他到##去了.He has been to Shanghai. 他去过##.She has gone. 她已走了.She is gone. 她缺席了.〔或者她死了.〕The door has been closed. 门关上了.〔动作〕The door is closed. 门是关着的.〔状态〕测试精编1. The prices ________ going up all the time in the past few years.A. keepB. keptC. have keptD. are keeping2. For the whole period of two months, there ________ no rain in this area.A. isB. will beC. has beenD. have been3. Today is Jane's wedding day. She ________ John.A. have just married withB. was just married toC. has just been married toD. just has been married to4. No wonder the flower have withered, they ________ any water for ages.A. hadn'tB. haven'tC. haven't hadD. hadn't had5. Nowadays computer ________ a wide application with the development of production and science.A. foundB. has foundC. findsD. had foundKEYS1. C2. C3. C4. C5. B虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望,与事实相反的假设,通常分为基本的三种形式.1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：If + did / were + ..., ... would/ should/ could/ might + do 〔动词原形〕If I were you, I would go abroad at once. <I am not you.> If he knew it now, he could help me. <He doesn't know it now.>2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：If + had done + ..., ... would <might> have done ...If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. <I didn't know your telephone number.> If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her. <You didn't come here earlier.>3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：<1> If + should + v., ... would + v. 〔可能性很小〕〔译作"万一"〕If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.If I should fail, what should Ido?<2> If + did / were to + v ..., would + v. 〔完全不可能〕If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.［简单联想记忆］：下列动词后的"宾语从句"中需要用虚拟形式,即should + 动词原形,shoud在美国英语中要省略〔TOEFL语法考点〕.此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest 〔建议〕, insist〔坚决要求〕, advise, etc.He suggested that we <should> help them with English.The teacher ordered that the homework <should> be finished within half an hour.下列名词后的同位语从句中要用"should + 动词原形"〔should 可省去〕的虚拟.此类常见的名词有：suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.He made a suggestion that we <should> have a fancy dress party.I think it is a thing of importance that it <should> be done soon.It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.It is strange that you should say such a thing.It was important that you should tell me all the information.wish后的宾语从句中,as if 后的状语从句中,须用下列的虚拟形式：主 + wish+ <that> + 主 + did / were〔指现在〕had done〔指过去〕would+ v.〔指将来〕I wish that I met my uncle now.I wish I had met my uncle yesterday.I wish I could meet my uncle tomorrow.It is <high> time that ... + did / were ...It is time that you went to bed.would rather that ... + did / were ...I would rather that you were not here now.would sooner that ... + did / were ...I would sooner that you got up earlier.I would sooner that you were not my brother独立主格结构此独立形式只是一个小短语,而不是主谓完整的简单句,又称之为独立分词构句.当分词意义上的主语不是主句的主语时,必须在分词前保留意义上的主语,否那么语意不通.示例：Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.1．独立主结构形式可用以表时间,理由,条件,伴随状态等.He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.School being over, the boys went home.= When school was over, the boys went home.The sun having set, we arrived at the station.= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.王牌重点：当独立主格结构的主语表示"一般人",如：we, one, you时,主语可省略,此用法常用于下列表达方式中：generally speaking 一般来说strictly speaking 严格地说talking of ... 谈到speaking of ... 说到judging from ... 由……来判断taking all things into consideration 把一切都考虑在内considering ... 考虑到……[示例]If we judge from his face, he must be ill.= Judging from his face, he must be ill.He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.2．with 复合结构也是独立主格结构形式之一.这种结构在句中作状语〔表示原因,方式,伴随等〕和定语,作定语时紧随被修饰名词后.<1> with+ 名词 + 介词短语The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.<2> with + 名词 + adj.with the door open, he left the classroom.<3> with + 名词 + adv.With the gloves off, she felt cold.With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.<4> with + 名词 + 现在分词〔主动〕with + 名词 + 过去分词〔被动〕With the guide leading us, we got to the village.The boy was crying with the vase broken.<5> with + 名词 + 不定式With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.。
