考研英语二2010年—2016年大小作文真题

2010年考研专业学位统考英语二写作真题、范文及解析真题ONEYou have just come back from the U.S.A as a member of Sino-American Culture exchange program.Please write a letter to your American collengue .(Your name is ZhangWei)1. Express your thanks to his/her warm reception.2.Welcome to visit CHINA in due course.TWOInterpret the chart and give your comments.Mobile-phone Subscriptions范文ONEDear **:I am writing you this letter to express my gratitude first for you kindness and hospitality towards me. during my visit of sino-american cultural exchange in your country, i’ve learned a lot about your people’scustom and speical culture. your help and guidance is so important for me.I’m now quite interested in american culture a nd hope to further know it in the future. as the world globalination developes, i think this is of great significance for both of us. the other thing is that i’d like to ask you to have a visit in china in due course. then i can have the opportunity to welcome you back and show you something about our chinese culture. hope you can come soon!your sincerelyzhangweiTWOThe Rapid IncreaseingThe mobilephone subscriptions above shows a striking contrast between those developing countries and developed countries. in 2001 to 2002, the condition people in two groups use mobilephone is nearly the same, maybe a little gap.But with the passage of time, more and more people in developing countries use mobile phone, while those in developed countries lag behind.until 2008, there are 4 billion mobilephone users in developing countries, 3 times more than that of 1 billion of developed countries.As far as I am concerned, this seemed to be interesting phenomenon, I personally owe it to 2 reasons.On one hand,the overall economic status in developed countries is much superior to that in developing countries in the past,which leaded to the large gap in telecommunication industry between two groups of countries. However, with the rapid increase in economy happening in the developing countries especially in China the telecommunication industry in those countries got a great bound to meet the demand of globalization. As a result the user of mobile phone which can narrow the distance between people and link the whole world together rised at a incredible speed.On the other hand,the extremely advanced civilization of developed countries means less potential in many aspects including in the area of private telecommuicational tools and their demande for further enlargement of such tools trend to saturation. Maybe that is the reason why the number of the user of mobile phone in the developed countries keep nearly the same,even though a little increase.To sum up, mobile phone is convenient for international communication and our lives and gradually become the essential stuffs. At the same time when we keep using it, we should also broaden our eyes to focus on its two contrary sides ,positive and negative,maybe the convenience for communication and the damage to environment and health. Let’s take care of both sides of it and make the use of mobile phone the welfare of the human beings.解析今年大纲有一定的改变，作文题的分数可以说是增加了，但是其实题型都是没有改变太多，都是大家很熟悉的题型，第一篇不出所料应用文，第二篇是图表作文。

2016研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places sp end more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced b y sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that h appiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [ D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It’s true that high-school codin g classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transfor m their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Pr ogramming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem and organize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A. complete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A. experienceB. interestC. career prospectsD. academic backgrounds23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A. bring forth innovative computer technologiesB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. compete with a future army of programmers25. The word “coax” (Line3, Para.6) is closest in meaning to____.A. persuadeB. frightenC. misguideD. challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as thr eatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (W AFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to l et “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population [B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists [D]the insistence of private landowners27.The “threatened” tag disappo inted some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure [B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power [D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation [B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job [D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government [B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners [D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups [B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups [D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully：There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the od d 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like em pty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we w ill have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything els e.31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A] update their to-do lists [B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through [D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set [B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading [D] achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading [B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals [D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents workingoutside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.[A] trying out different lifestyles [B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age [D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ____.[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ____.[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that ____.[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C] Ask for help[D] Express your emotions[E] Don't overthink it[F] Be easily pleased[G] Notice thingsAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then—again like children—move.42.____________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.______________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.__________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with—work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room, anyone?)—it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________________Having said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, themore you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER S HEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points).2015研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality —our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : “Please don't approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “creepy.” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,”Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at w ork than at home”,writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supp osed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surpri sing that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, theco-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home ________.[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation [B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement [D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Working mothers. [B] Childless husbands.[C] Childless wives. [D] Working fathers.23. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ________.[A] they are both bread winners and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola”(Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means ________.[A] energy [B] skills [C] earnings [D] nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that ________.[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment[B] division of labor at home is seldom clearcut。

2016年英语二小作文Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1) thank him;2) give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)2015年英语二小作文Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100words on the ANSERE SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)2014年英语二小作文Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student, write him an email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask for advice about living thereYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.2013年英语二小作文Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.2012年英语二小作文Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint, and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.2011年英语二小作文Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admitted to a university write him/her a letter to:1) Congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.2010年英语二小作文Section IV WritingPart ADirections:You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)。

2010英语二考研作文篇一：作文范文2010年考研英语二小作文作文范文2010年考研英语二小作文Dear Sir and Madam:I'm writing to express sincere gratitude to you for your enthusiastic reception. What's impressed me most is the warm hospitality extended by you to us during my recent visit to the US. The memorable trip exposed me to the American culture characterized by openness,diversity and modernism. It's a great honor to work together with you to boost the cultural exchange between China and the US.I welcome you to visit China with open arms. The immense glamour of Chinese culture, which boasts a history spanning 5,000 years, would fascinate you. You are keenly anticipated to schedule a visit in due course.2010年考研英语二大作文①The mobile phone subscriptions in underdeveloped countries and developed ones from 2000 to 2008 are charted clearly above.②The mobile phone sales increased steadily and slightly from 2000 to 2007 but reached a plateau in 2008 in these affluent countries.③The developing countries have seen a small growth from 2000 to 2002 and a sharp jump from 2003 to 2008 in cellular phone sales.①There are several reasons that can explain the striking contrast between the trends in mobile phone subscriptions in backward countries and industrialized ones at the turn of the century. ②The overwhelming majority of adults in these rich countries had access to wireless telecommunications service earlier and the mobile phone market isapproaching saturation. ③At the same time, the number of mobile phone users in emerging countries is relatively smaller. ④A shift of commercial focus onto the unsaturated market in these countries by international telecommunications manufacturer and operators boosts the boom of mobile phones. ④And mobile gadgetsget affordable for many average people in developing counties.①The widespread use of mobile phones is bound to benefit the underdeveloped countries ranging from ordinary people's daily lives to technological sectors. ②And the information gap would be narrowed by flooding of smart phones into the market.③Therefore, the number of mobile phone users is expected to enjoy a continuous surge in developing countries.2011年考研英语二小作文Dear Li Ming:I am writing to congratulate you on your being accepted into Nanjing University, an academic giant in China's Mainland. The news came as a great surprise and an considerable excitement to my parents and me. As a new college graduate, I'd like to provide you with some pieces of advice on how to gear up for college life. First, you'd better improve the level of proficiency in English, which plays a crucial role in Computer Science that you will major in. Second, the programming ability isconsidered a reliable index of how well you study in your major. So you need to code much. Third, you are expected to take part in a range of extracurricular activities and join a variety of students' clubs.Wish you a happy college life!Yours truly,Zhang Wei2011年考研英语二大作文①The bar chart above is aimed at highlighting changes in car market share in China. ②The Japanese brands were way ahead and enjoyed a dominating 35% market share in 2008. ③However, the Japan-branded car sales were outnumbered by China's in 2009.④The Japanese auto makers suffered a great slump in market sharefrom 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2009, while their China's counterparts enjoyed a sharp jump from 26% to 33%. ⑤At the same time, US car brands had a very slight share increase.①Obviously, China's vehicle manufacturers grabbed the market share 丁晓钟老师新浪微博/xzding 点点英语官方淘宝店/ 43 / 45 from Japan's carmakers in 2009. ②A host of reasons can account for the shift of market dominance. ③First, China's central and localgovernments have made an continuous effort to boost the car industry. ④A range of stimulus schemes give considerable momentum to the country's emerging car-making industry. ⑤Second, Japan automakers haunted by a series of safety-related recalls didn't live up to the global reputation for safety. ⑥Meanwhile, China's car manufacturers restored the customers' confidence through raising their safety standards.①In light of the crucial importance of auto-making in national industrial sector, China's car-makers and government must continue to combine their efforts to consolidate the car industry for the sake of increasing market share and improving car-making technologies.2012年考研英语二小作文Dear Sir/Madam,I am writing today to complain of the inferior quality of the electronic dictionary bought from your Internet store.It's unfortunate that the dictionary is unable to work well on her maiden voyage. I have restarted the gadget multiple times but these annoying problems still exist. First, sometimes the electronic dictionary crashed abruptly and couldn't respond to any keying. Second, the so-called hi-fi pronunciation of English words, a characteristic feature which serves as a selling point, is not clear, unfortunately. In view of the great seriousness of the problems, you are expected to replace the dictionary with a new one at least. Of course, it would be better if I returned the purchase for a full refund.I look forward to hearing from you.Thanks a lot.Zhang Wei2012年考研英语二大作文①The employee satisfaction in a company is surveyed and shown in the table. ②The job is unable to satisfy most employees under 40, of which only a 16.7% feels a sense of satisfaction while one third individuals feel discontented. ③Of the forties surveyed, no employee feels satisfied with the job while the percentage ofdissatisfaction is up to 64%. ④In stark contrast, the fifties enjoy much higher job satisfaction. 丁晓钟老师新浪微博/xzding 点点英语官方淘宝店/ 44 / 45①To sum up, there is widespread discontent among the people under 50 at the work while only a very slight proportion of employees above 50 feel dissatisfied. ②A host of factors contribute to the marked contrast between age groups. ③First, employees under 50 have to shoulder much heavier responsibility of supporting their families, especially bringing up their children. ④Second, higher job expectations andgreater peer pressure are both contributory factors to the dissatisfaction for younger employees, especially for the forties.①Considering the fact that the company is seething with discontent across age groups under 50, the leadership are duty-bound to determine the sources of dissatisfaction. ②And effective solutions are expected to be taken into consideration, which range from treating employees with more respect to giving a pay rise. ③And employees should learn to how to handle the work-family balance and the relationship between themselves and their corporation.2013年考研英语二小作文Hi, all,①I am writing to inform you that a charity sale is scheduled to take place at our college's library at 19:00 next Monday, February 11th. ②The event is designed to lend a helping hand to the kids in underdeveloped areas, where a vast majority of families are economically difficult to provide children with sufficiently good food and education. ③How to finance the over-burdened families concerns not only local governments but also every person in our country. ④The sale organizer is exactly our class, which has been pioneering the charity work in our college. ⑤You are keenly anticipated to take part in the event and share the class honor. ⑥If you have a willingness, it would be much better if you prepared some items or money for charity. ⑦I would be grateful if you could attend. Yours sincerely,Li Ming2013年考研英语二大作文①The percentages of students who have a part-time job in a college are charted clearly above. ②Obviously, there is an increasing tendency towards higher part-time job rates for higher-grade 丁晓钟老师新浪微博/xzding 点点英语官方淘宝店/ 45 / 45 students. ③The freshmen have a lowest but surprisingly highpart-time employment rate. ④71.13 percent of sophomores work part-time while a slightly more students in their junior year do so.⑤The share of seniors as a part-timer is up to 88.24%.①There are two principal factors driving college students into the part-time job market, one of which is the burning desire to earn a salary. ②A sizeable proportion of students who are reaching adulthood develop a sense to share the economic burden with their family or even to gain economic independence. ③The other driving force is to accumulateexperience and skills for entering into the fiercely competitive job market. ④The bleak job prospects pressure college students into going to work ahead of schedule.①No doubt the strong motivation for earning a wage and preparing for job hunt is a real blessing. ②However, how to balance study and work matters a lot. ③Sufficient time and efforts to study in college are a must for these unskilled and under-trained students.篇二：2011-2014考研英语二作文真题及范文真题：Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admited to a university. Write him/her a letter to:(1)congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e “Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)参考范文Dear Li Ming,Congratulations! I’m absolutely delighted to hear that you have just been admitted to Stanford University. I know there was a lot of competition this year but your hard work and perseverance certainly paid off.I’d like to give you several practical proposals on how to prepare for your university life. Firstly, it’s my hope that you will take advantage of the library in your university by reading books outside the college curriculum. Secondly, I believe that free-time should be divided into three main activities: physical exercise, relaxation, and communication with friends and family.Wish you further success in your continuing studies and hope you will invite me to your graduation ceremony in four years time. (115 words)Yours faithfully,Zhang Wei参考译文李明：祝贺你！得知你已被斯坦福大学录取，我由衷地高兴。

英语二作文真题与范文(10-16)160813英语二作文题目与范文（10-16）2010Section IV Writing47. Directions:You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)48. Directions:In this part, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words。

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Part A modelMy dear friend,Thank you very much for receiving me, a delegate of Sino-America cultural exchange program, during my visit to America. Your considerate and warm reception made me feel at home. You kindly provided detailed explanation of American custom, assisting me to get over cultureshock soon and, more importantly, have deeper understanding of American culture. I had a greattime there, and I really appreciate everything youhave done for me.Additionally, I highly welcome you to come toChina in due course so that I can reciprocate your hospitality. I promise you a fantastic visit, throughwhich you may gain a deep insight into Chinese culture. Look forward to your visit.Y ours sincerely,Z hang WeiPart B modelAs is shown in the chart, mobile-phone subscriptions grow rapidly from 2000 to 2008. Wecan also find out that developing countries are thedriving force for such a rapid growth. According tothe chart, mobile-phone subscription numberincreased to 8 times from 2000 to 2008, that is from around 0.5 billion to 4 billion, while that of developed countries only increased twice from around 0.5 billion to 1 billion.I think there are two main reasons for such a great contrast. First of all, developing countries have much larger population than developed countries. For example, China and India nearly have half of the total population of the world. China has the most mobile-phone users right now, which increased greatly from 2000 to 2008. It is the same in India and other developing countries. Secondly, developing countries have been enjoying strong economic growth in recent years. As a result, people in most developing countries are richer and richer, especially in China. So they can afford to buy such necessities, including mobile phones, as the prices continued to drop greatly in the past years.Thus, we can conclude that as economy grows strongly in developing countries, people in these countries can buy such products. (201 words)教育部考试中心《考试分析》评语：本文得分14分（满分15分）。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of English Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negoti ations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are__15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she__17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6. A. into B. within C. from D. through7. A. or B. since C. but D. so8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change aculture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?【A】Physical beauty would be redefined.【B】New runways would be constructed.【C】Websites about dieting would thrive.【D】The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to【A】heightening the value of【B】indicating the state of【C】losing faith in【D】doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？【A】The French measures have already failed.【B】New standards are being set in Denmark.【C】Models are no longer under peer pressure.【D】Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for【A】pursuing perfect physical conditions【B】caring too much about model’s character.【C】showing little concern for health factors【D】setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?【A】A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals【B】A Dilemma for the Starving models in France【C】Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty【D】The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a c urious result. While polls show Britons rate”thecountryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air .”Hill’s pressure la ter led to creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it . It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sen timent. The conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation，even authorising“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone，with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that”housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always，where to put them. Under lobby pressure，George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets . This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative --- the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside【A】 has brought much benefit to the NHS.【B】didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.【C】 is fully backed by the royal family.【D】 is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being【A】 gradually destroyed.【B】 effectively reinforced.【C】 properly protected.【D】 largely overshadowed.28. which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?【A】 Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.【B】the Conservatives may abandon ”off -plan“ building.【C】 the Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.【D】 labour is under attack for opposing development.29. the author holds that George Osborne’s preference【A】 reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.【B】 shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.【C】 stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.【D】 highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.30. In the last paragraph，the author shows his appreciation of【A】 the size of population in Britain.【B】 the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.【C】 the town-and-country planning in Britain.【D】 the political life in today is Britain.Text 3“There is on and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at leastwhen they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. Al recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery p rosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programms tended to get more lenient penalties,. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’sPolitical influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern , such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving byabout20% results in finesthat generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials”, says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with【A】tolerance.【B】skepticism.【C】uncertainty.【D】approval.32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company by【A】winning trust from consumers.【B】guarding it against malpractices.【C】protecting it from being defamed.【D】raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient ”(line 2,para.4)is closest in meaning to【A】more effective【B】less controversial【C】less severe【D】more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR regard【A】has an impact on their decision【B】comes across as reliable evidence【C】increases the chance of being penalized【D】constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?【A】Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.【B】The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.【C】Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.【D】It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses, delivery trucks —isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print away. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its printedition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti.Perett i says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.”Fighting out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them,”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example seen as a blunder,”he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you wer e helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product ,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which way be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive. ”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to【A】the pressure from its investors.【B】the complaints from its readers.【C】the high cost of operation.【D】the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should 【A】make strategic adjustments【B】end the print edition for good.【C】seek new sources of readership.【D】aim for efficient management.38. It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”【A】will have the cost of printing reduced.【B】is meant for the most loyal customers.【C】helps restore the glory of former times.【D】expands the popularity of the paper.39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world,【A】traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.【B】aggressiveness better meets challenges.【C】cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.【D】legacy businesses are becoming outdated.40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?【A】Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.【B】Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.【C】Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.【D】Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Know your goals[G]Make it efficientNo matter how formal or informa the work environment，the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University，people assess your competence，trustworthiness，and likeability in just a tenth of a second，solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success” era isthat the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhance our goals? Here are some tips;41. （）As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions---when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42. （）Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“SoHo”.(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43. （）Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44.（）Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you m ight think.45.（）The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time passing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all yourclothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or me nd, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental h ealth and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mentalhealth will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available andknowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture.in your essay, you should1. describe the pictures briefly,2. interpret its intended meaning, and3. give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET . (20 points）2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that_(12)_u s in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity o f the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.。

英语⼆2010-2019年⼤⼩作⽂范⽂参考2010年Part ADear Doctor Aiken,I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have to cancel my appointment with you to fix my chipped tooth at 2 p.m. on July 8, because I have to attend an important meeting in my company then and no absence is allowed. I hope you can accept my sincere apology.I do know the sudden change brings you some trouble, but my tooth can’t wait to be fixed. Is it convenient f or you to take care of my tooth at 10 a.m. on July 9? If the time is not appropriate, please don’t hesitate to tell me when you are available and I will f ollow the arrangement you make.I am really sorry f or any inconvenience I bring to you. I am looking f orward to the reply at your earliest convenience.Yours f aithf ully,Zhang Wei Part BFrom the bar chart given above, we can observe that it reflects the statistics of additional working hours of different prof essions. Self-employed businessmen spend nearly 2 hours per day in working overtime, ranking first. On the contrary, civil servants’ additional working hours is the shortest, only less than 60 minutes per day. The overtime of scientific researchers, cultural and sports workers and teachers varies f rom 90 minutes to less than 60 minutes.The bar chart inf orms us of the phenomenon that there exists difference in additional working hours among diverse careers, especially between self-employed businessmen and civil servants. Ample reasons can account f or this phenomenon. Firstly, to make more profits, businessmen have to spend more time on manuf acturing products, attracting and retaining customers and managing staffs. Moreover, with the competition becoming fiercer, they have no alternative but to work overtime to avoid being eliminated by the market andtheir rivals. When it comes to civil servants, things are not all the same.Conf ronted with less risks and pressures, leading a steady and routine lif e, they don’t have to work overtime f requently.Working overtime is a two-bladed sword. Surely, it will both generate considerable benefits. However, it will give rise to some damages. We should balance our work, lif e and health. Otherwise we will eventually become a machine and slave of work.2011年Part A47. Directions: Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.Write him/her a letter to:1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared f or university lif e.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear Li Ming,I am so glad to hear that you have received the offer f rom Beijing University. Congratulations! There’s nothing surprise — I remember seeing how hard you have been working since childhood. Now you have the opportunity to learn physics, which you have a huge interest in, in one of the best universities in China. I f eel extremely happy f or you.Well, I want to share some reminders f or university lif e with you. First of all, don’t f orget your study. Second, take some time to know yourself well and make your own decisions. Third, enjoy your lif e as long as it’s under your control. I hope you will have a wonderf ul time.Sincerely yours,Zhang WeiPart B48.Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes have taken place in terms of the car market of China.Based on the data of the chart, one can see that the percentage of domestic cars has been on a rise, while the sales percentage of cars made in Japan has experienced a decline. In the year of 2008, the percentage of cars made in China was nearly 25%, while, within no more than a year, it went up to nearly 33%. The percentage of cars made in Japan was 35% ，but it went down to 25% in 2009.It is of no difficulty f or us to come up with some possible f actors to account f or this trend. At the top of the list, with the rapid development of our economy and society, more and more people pref er domestic products tof oreign ones. It’s reported that approximately 55% of f amilies in Chinese big cities have chosen cars made in China. In addition, we must admit that the government appeals to us to support our native industries. Last but not least, the f act cannot be ignored that the cars made in China are increasingly of high quality.Taking into account what have been argued, we can come to the conclusion that this established trend is positive and theref ore acceptable. And I am firmly certain that this trend will continue in the years to come.2012年Part A47.Directions: Suppose you have f ound something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought f rom an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint, and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear Sir or Madam,As one of your regular customers, I am writing to complain about the poor quality of the electric dictionary purchased in your on-line store that enjoys years of reputation. The dictionary is really of great importance in the process of my English learning.Unf ortunately, I f ound that there are several problems. To begin with, the dictionary operated well at first, but ten days later it began to make a lot of noise when opened. In addition, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work. I strongly request that you can either send me a new one or ref und me in f ull.I really appreciate all your assistance in this matter. if you have any problem, don't hesitate to contact me. I am looking f orward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing table. In your writing, you should1) describe the table, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The table above gives the inf ormation about the survey of employment satisf action in a company. Af ter caref ully studying the data in the table, we may saf ely conclude that the percentage of people under 40 who hold unclear or discontent f eeling with their jobs are 50% and 33.3% respectively . 64% of those between 40 to 50 are not satisfied and no one f eel satisfied at all while the degree of satisf action, f or people over 50, largely exceeds the other groups , amounting to 40% .A great many reasons might have contributed to the differences, and here I would like to lay stress on the f ollowing two reasons. First, owing to the enormous pressure f rom supporting the f amily, the enjoyment in work f or middle-aged people has obviously decreased. In addition, since the seniors have developed a lot in personality through the previous working experience, they can keep a positive attitude and see the optimistic respects of the work.Taking all the above analysis into consideration, we can saf ely reach a conclusion that the seniors have more satisf action and enjoyment in the work than the young and middle-aged people under 50.2013年Part A47. Directions: Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale f or kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inf orm them about the details, and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear Classmates,I am writing to notif y you of a charity sale f or children who need help. The detailed arrangements are as f ollows .This event will be held on the playground of our university on January 4th, 2013 , f rom 7 to 10 o’clock in the evening . The purpose of the sale is to help children who have dropped out of school because their f amily cannot afford their tuition . Af ter the opening ceremony when our school master will make a speech, comes the time f or donating activity.Giving your love is a virtue, so I’d like to appeal to all the students to take part in this event. Thank you very much f or your kindness.Sincerely yours,Li Ming Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)特有关键词：part-time , college , university , compus , students , parent , tend to do , social , graduate, senior常规关键词：illustrate , figure in the chart , the number of , contribute , phenomenon , practice , raise , higer ,As is illustrated by the figure in the chart, the number of college students doing part-time jobs has been rising f rom 66.77% to 88.24% during the f our-year university lif e. There is no denying f act that more and more college students choose to engage in part-time jobs.Several main reasons contribute to this phenomenon. Firstly, as the students grow up, most parents tend to support their children to do some social practice. Secondly, the f ast changing of society has raised higher requirements f or college graduates. Doing part-time jobs can help to broaden the students’ horizon and prepare them f or the job opportunity af ter graduation. Finally, more f ree time of senior students is a f actor that cannot be ignored.From the analysis above, we can predict saf ely that the trend will continue in the f orthcoming years. And f rom where i stand, it should be advocate f or the benefit of us university students.2014年Part A47.Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student.Write him an email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask f or advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear John,I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department.Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask f or some suggestions to adapt myself there. Firstly, I usually get up early in the morning at six o’clock and then go out to do some exercise. Secondly, I never drink or smoke. Neither do I stay up late. I’d like to keep my things clean. At last, I would like to spend my spare time in the library. Meanwhile, I wonder if you could be so kind to offer me some proposals on how to get used to the lif e there.I am looking f orward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Part B48.Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)特有关键词：urban , rural , population , climb ,常规关键词：the number of , climb , decrease , slightly , nearly , in the same period , perspective , possible f actor , account f or , rapidly rapid , established trend will continue f or quite a while in the f orthcoming years ,The above chart shows the changes of urban and rural population f rom 1990 to 2010. The number of urban residents climbed steadily f rom 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010, while rural population decreased slightlyf rom nearly 820 million to about 680 million in the same period.From my perspective, some possible f actors may account f or this trend. On the one hand, as the economy develops rapidly, people in mounting numbers crowd into cities searching f or employment, a decent living and the excitement of urban lif e recently. On the other hand, the economy in the rural districts is comparatively less developed. As a result, the opportunity to make money andpursue their f uture is lean. Theref ore, an increasing number of f olks are trying to change their destiny by flocking into the urban areas.Given the analyses above, I firmly believe that such established trend will continue f or quite a while in the f orthcoming years and due importance should be attached to this evident situation.2015年Part A47. Directions: Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp f or high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call f or volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)NoticeThe Students’ Union is arranging a summer camp f or high school students to broaden their horizon and experience different lif e. The camp is scheduled on July 15th and will end on July 22nd, lasting f or about one week. The theme is Loving Your Country, Loving the World.Different kinds of activities are included during the camp, like knowledge competition , patriotic songs contest, drama contest and so on. As somef oreign students will also attend the camp, some volunteers are needed. Volunteers should be those who are good at oral English and also take an active part in activities.If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. Please sign up bef ore July 7, 2015.the Students’ UnionJune 20,2015 Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)This pie chart shows where the spending of residents in an unnamed city goes during the spring f estival. According to the data given, the money spent on buying gif ts f or others takes a lion’s share, accounting f or 40%. While dinner parties and transportation f ares both take away 20% of the whole proportion.As f ar as I am concerned, it is hardly surprising that gif ts make up asignificant portion of a person's spending. Due to the great urbanization, most Chinese residents move f rom their hometowns to work in big cities. During the spring f estival, nearly all people will return home to unite with their f amily. In order to cover the long distance, a large amount of money is spent on transportation. Buying new year gif ts f or their children, parents or relatives is an important part of the new year celebration.All in all, it can be predicted that buying gif ts and transportation will still take up a large share in our expenditure during the Spring Festival.2016年Part A47. Directions: Suppose you won a translation contest and your f riend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask f or advice on translation. Write hima replay to1) thank him, and2) give your advice.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Dear Jack,I’m writing to express my gratitude f or your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. First and f oremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. What’s more, you had better have morecommunication with f oreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of f oreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate a wealth of practical experience.Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in yourf uture study.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)As is clearly reflected in the above pie chart, the purpose of students traveling abroad demonstrates obvious differences in one college of China. According to the data given, the purpose of enjoying the beautif ul landscape takes a comparatively large share, accounting f or 37%, while that of relieving pressure also takes away 20% of the whole proportion.What triggers this phenomenon? It is not difficult to put f orward severalf actors responsible f or this phenomenon. To start with, with the rapid economic development of economy , people , including college students, are becoming increasingly wealthy, which enables them to afford the once-deemed-expensive oversea traveling. In order to enjoy the charming landscape all around the world, a large proportion of students choose to travel abroad. What’s more, along with the ever-accelerating improvement of economy and society is also the ever-increasing work and lif e pressure. Consequently, the purpose of relievingpressure ranks the second among all the purposes f or f olks to travel around the world.In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And theref ore, it can be predicted that admiring the scenery and alleviating pressure will still be the main purpose f or people to arrange a traveling to other countries.2017年Part A47. Directions：Suppose you are invited by Prof essor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1) accept the invitation, and2) introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Dear prof essor，I f eel very happy when I accept your invitation, and I think it would be my great honor to give a presentation to the students overseas. Meanwhile, I’d like to express my gratitude f or giving me the opportunity.The details of the presentation are as f ollows. To begin with, I will briefly introduce traditional Chinese culture, which is the accumulation of Chinese history. History makes the Chinese culture colorf ul and prosperous. Moreover, many other kinds of cultural f orms such as Chinese painting, poem, opera and so on are needed to show to the students abroad, which can help broaden their horizons and have a better understanding of Chinese culture.Thanks a lot f or your time and attention to this letter, words are beyond me to express my thanks to you. I will try my best to do this presentation. Finally, looking f orward your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The provided line chart clearly illustrates a tendency that the number of museum visitors witnessed a steady increase with the establishment of more museums. As is vividly reflected in the chart, the number of museum visitors started f rom 63,780,000 in 2013 and ended to 78,110,000 in 2015, while the sum of museums also experienced an increase f rom 4165 to 4692 over these two years. The positive correlation between these two increases is a thought-provoking phenomenon worth exploration.The f actors which might contribute to this correlation can be discussedf rom the f ollowing aspects. To begin with, with the establishment of more museums, there are more chances f or people to visit museums. They are easily accessible to general public. The widespread availability of museums has thus brought about an interest in probing the history and the convention of our country. Moreover, it can be said without any exaggeration that the improvement of education arouses people’s attention to pursue a quality lif e with an attitude of cherishing culture and literacy. Museums are great repositories of mankind’s historical artif acts and achievements in art. From them we can learn a great deal about the people of the past and their link to the people of the present.As what has been discussed above, we can saf ely make a prediction that the upwards tendency of visiting museums will remain this momentum in the nearf uture.2018年Part A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Prof essor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize to him and explain the situation,and2) suggest a new meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Respectable Prof.Smith,I hereby make a sincere apology f or my f ailing to keep the appointment with you. As scheduled, I would pay you a visit in your office next Friday, but much to my regret, I have to cancel this arrangement.On that day, I will sign f or an important job interview, which is extremely important f or my f uture. As a result, I am compelled to make an adjustment to my previous plan and cannot keep my word. I f eel terribly sorry f or missing the precious opportunity to get some enlightenment f rom you. Is it possible that we meet at another time when both of us are available? Please let me know your pref erable date. I am looking f orward to having a pleasant time with you. Please allow me to say sorry again f or my absence.Yours respectf ully,Li MingPart B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The pie chart reveals the relevant f actors diners consider in choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017. Among various elements, f eature of restaurants takes the lion’s share, at 36.3%; service and environment also capture consumers’ considerable attention, taking 26.8% and 23.8% respectively.What are the leading causes to justif y consumers’ pref erence? It is noticeable that restaurants are springing up like mushroom on both sides of almost every city street, offering wider options f or consumers. And with the bulging of personal wallets, people have greater f reedom and stronger ability to prioritize the quality and standard of daily lif e, and thus things like f eature, service and environment of restaurants naturally receive their closer attention. One more reason is f eature, service and environment are more impressive elements of restaurants, which are decisive in establishing their image and reputation and spreading their influence, and hence become major attractions f or luring both regular and new visitors.Restaurants of various kinds are expected to attach greater importance to these above influencing f actors and redouble efforts to offer excellent and exquisite dishes to consumers.2019年Part A47. Directions: Suppose prof essor Smith asks you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, write an email to him1) Suggest a topic and give your reasons,2) And describe your arrangement.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEETDon' t use your own name, use Li Ming instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Dear Prof essor Smith，You have asked me to plan a debate with regard to city traffic. I am writing this email to suggest a topic named Encouraging Green Travelling.One of the biggest reasons that contribute to the city traffic jam is the great numbers of cars on the road. As a result, citizens should be encouraged to avoid driving cars and instead to choose green traveling such as subway, bikeor walking. The debate is supposed to be held in one of our classrooms next Monday. and if you have other conductive suggestions, please let me know.Yours Sincerely，Li Ming Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the f ollowing chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The bar chart reveals the various career options of graduates of a certain university between 2013 and 2018. During this period, job-seekers saw a downward trend f rom 68.1% to 60.7%, while those who registered f or the postgraduate entrance examination and started a business experienced a gradual rise, f rom 26.3% to 34.0% and f rom 1.3% to 2.6% respectively.The reasons are obvious why an increasing number of students withdrawf rom the job market to choose f urther studies. For one thing, with the overall improvement of literacy of the public, the competition of the job market is sure to become fiercer, higher standards and stricter qualifications are required, hence a higher academic degree is a must. For another, f urther studies will provide a bigger platf orm and brighter prospect f or f uture development. Thef act that relatively f ew students establish their own companies is complicated. Two important reasons may be lack of f und and insufficiency of a set off avorable policies.The multiple career choices of college graduates, to some degree, should be encouraged, which means they show a tendency to have a final say in theirf uture.。

Mba英语二写作历年真题及解析2016年Section IV WritingPart A47。

Directions：Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend，Jack，wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation。

Write him a reply to1）thank him，and2）give you adviceYou should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET。

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter。

Use Li Ming instead。

Do not write the address。

（10 points）Part B48。

Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below。

In your writing，you should1）interpret the chart，and2）give your comments。

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET。

（15 points）Section IV Writing47、[参考范文]Dear Jack，Your letter of congratulations was received。

Thank you for your nice words on my winning t he contest。

In the letter，you asked me about the skills to do translation，so the followin g are my advice for you。

2010英语二作文真题I woke up this morning feeling exhausted. I must have tossed and turned all night, trying to find a comfortable position to sleep in. I stumbled into the kitchen and made myself a strong cup of coffee, hoping it would wake me up.As I sat down at my desk, I realized that I had forgotten to finish my homework for English class. I quickly scrambled to find my textbook and notes, trying to piece together something that resembled a coherent essay. It was a race against the clock, and I could feel the panic rising in my chest.After finally finishing my homework, I rushed to catch the bus to school. Of course, I just missed it and had to wait another 20 minutes for the next one. I cursed under my breath, knowing that I would be late for my first class.The rest of the day was a blur of lectures, assignments, and group projects. I felt like I was barely keeping my head above water, struggling to stay on top of everything. By the time the final bell rang, I was ready to collapse into bed and forget about the day.But as I walked home, I couldn't help but feel a sense of accomplishment. Despite the chaos and stress, I had managed to make it through the day. I realized that I was stronger and more capable than I had given myself credit for.As I finally crawled into bed, I made a mental note to give myself a break and take some time to relax. Tomorrow was a new day, and I was determined to face it with a fresh perspective and a positive attitude.。

2012年研究生入学考试英语(二)真题及答案Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries,G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may n o longer count for more than 10% of a student‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportan t to its students‘ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and inte rests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when am plifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of rese arch into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after ―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a br oadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsIn2010.afederal judges hook America's biotech in dustry toit panies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades- by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 ajudge ruled that genes were unpaten table. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO), atradegroup, assured members that this was justa ―preliminarystep‖ in alonger battle.On July 29th they were relieved,atleast temporarily.Afederal appeal scourt overturned the prior decision, ruling that My riad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help fore cast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of My riad, acompany in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The My riad case itself is probably notover Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: ageneis aproduct of nature, soit may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than rewardit; and patents' monopolies restrict access to gene tictests such as Myriad's. Agrowing number seem to agree. Last year afederaltask-for ceurged reform for patents related to gene tictests. In October the Department of Justice filed abrie fin the My riad case, arguing that an isolated DNA mole cule ―is no less aproduct of nature...than are cotton fibres that have been se parated from cotton seeds.‖Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it isunclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of in dividual genes with in it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34．By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probab ly beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and characte r of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape ourpolitics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this nationa l economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financi ally prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respe cts, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Fri edman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and l ess inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and f reedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk i n this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divid es, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. Th e research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where the y otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , i s discerning pre cisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession t han at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social confl ict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly h ow these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates f rom elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information fro m the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the r ight column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world,is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Vi ctorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical fo rm. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learnin g from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want em pathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant rec ounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his r ambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquer ing fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Ni ccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ru thlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victori an author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of e ngineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furn ish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfa st integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"H is biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held u p as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographie s on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bona parte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be ackno wledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” An d history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As su ch, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and pow er relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but t hey do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transm itted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. I n place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and E ric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whol e new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — wer e opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it tra nsformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.[B] highlighted the public glory of the leadi41. Petrarchng artists.[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives42. Niccolo Machiavellliwere hard to imitate.[D] opened up new realms of understandin43. Samuel Smilesg the great men in history.[E] held that history should be the story of44. Thomas Carlylethe masses and their record of struggle.[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for suc45. Marx and Engelscessful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translati on on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valle y or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind o f workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by u sing immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countr ies are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2 004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,com pared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their eco nomies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new produ cts for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄-------满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33．3%41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0%大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0%完形填空：1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.B11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DTEXT1：21. A 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.DTEXT2：26.A 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CTEXT3：31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT4：36.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新题型：41-45：AFGCE小作文范文：Dear Sir or Madame,As one of the regular customers of your online store, I am writing this letter to express my complaint against the flaws in your product—an electronic dictionary I bought in your shop the other day.The dictionary is supposed to be a favorable tool for my study. Unfortunately, I found that there are several problems. To begin with, when I opened it, I detected that the appearance of it had been scratched. Secondly, I did not find the battery promised in the advertisement posted on the homepage of your shop, which makes me feel that you have not kept your promise. What is worse, some of the keys on the keyboard do not work.I strongly request that a satisfactory explanation be given and effective measures should be taken to improve your service and the quality of your products. You can either send a new one to me or refund me my money in full.I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei。

考研英语作文真题及范文：2010年2010年大作文Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.正如我们所料，2010年的大作文还是考了我们所预测的图画作文，这是考研历史上第11次考图画作文了。

字数要求在160--200词。

图画作文往往是一张抽象而意味深长的图片或漫画，有时让人很难理解。

今年的图画只有一张图，但主题明显直接。

图画中间是一个火锅，火锅里面写满了很多汉字，比如佛，功夫，解构，礼，后现代，老舍，莎士比亚，爱因斯坦，道，仁，京剧等许多代表中国和外国文化的东西。

把这些东西放在一起，就意味着中西文化融合在一起，特别是下面的文字提示：文化“火锅”，既美味又营养。

能更好地帮助我们理解图画的主题：即文化融合Cultural integration 的问题。

可以说这也是一个考研永恒的话题，这个话题在2002考研作文里面出现过，可以说是同一个主题。

大作文参考范文As is vividly depicted in the drawing, in the middle of the cartoon stands a hot pot, containing many Chinese cultural symbols, such as Beijing operas, Daoism, and some foreigh cultural symbols, etc. How impressive the drawing is in describing the common phenomenon that Chinese culture is becoming increasingly integrated into the world. The drawer’s intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking.It holds to be apparent that the cartoon is indicative of a pervasive phenomenon with regard to culture. When it comes to(一谈到) culture,its great impacts and benefits can’t be too estimated. As China opens to the outside world, our traditional culture is embracing the foreign culture, thus making our Chinese culture more diversified, colorful and internationalized just like a melting pot. What the picture conveys goes far beyond this. The fact that people from different countries are attracted to each other, indicating that to some extent different cultures can be accepted,respected,appreciated and shared internationally. In other words,Chinese unique culture can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization become irresistible, cultural integration can effectively improve mutual understanding andfriendship among different countries. In my personal sense, Chinese national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished. Meanwhile,there are good reasons to embrace foreign cultures on the ground that those ideas from the other cultures can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run. However,confronted with a different culture,we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side. Only in this way can we promote cultural integration and development positively, thus making our motherland dimensional,colorful and vigorous.。

2010年考研英语真题+答案+作文范文Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’National Research Council sent to engine ers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthore Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to __5____of the experments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_something was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of reproductivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the weeking week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous[D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate[D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that[C] in case that [D] so long so8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued18. [A]Therefore [B]Furthermore [C]However [D]Meanwhile19. [A]Attempted [B]tended [C]chose [D]intenced20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. Not only have many newspapers done away with their book-review sections, but several major papers, including the Chicago Sun-Times and the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, no longer employ full-time classical-music critics. Even those papers that continue to review fine-arts events are devoting less space to them, while the “think pieces” on cultural subjects that once graced the pages of big-city Sunday papers are becoming a thing of the past.It is, I suspect, difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerablenumber of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century, including Virgil Thomson’s The Musical Scene (1945), Edwin Denby’s Looking at the Dance (1949), Kenneth Tynan’s Curtains (1961), and Hilton Kramer’s The Age of the Avant-Garde (1973) consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their erudite contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.1 Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men (for they were all men) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Why, then, are virtually all of these critics forgotten? Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. How is it possible that so celebrated a critic should have slipped into near-total obscurity?21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterizedbyA free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocationstrategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-pat ient trend at the supreme court” ,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of disnity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,orwell-connected.The idea is intuitively com pelling,but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to ereryone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that ifthey can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing, promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don’t seem to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,notinterpersonal,influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.Yet it is p recisely thesenon-celebring influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influcencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example from the initial influential prove resistant,for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendence to be.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the resarchers have observed recenty shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase “these people” in parag raph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influnce[B] have little contact with the source of influnence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank sharesrose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” an d that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Par agraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet ”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out;the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe,compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile,as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food a nd drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers.In other words,it is up to the buyer,tather than the seller,to decide what to buy .At any rate,this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,regardless of how long the current consummer pattern will take hold.[D]All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European whloesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too. [E]Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France, Germany, Italy, and Spain-are made out of same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in th e trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s retail wholesale market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F]For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000- more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G]However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand, forthose that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the munity have no economic value.Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteyrity,they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them,the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.It is pamful to read these round about accounts today .We have no land ethic yet ,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the Non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community ,to be preserved as such ,within reason.To sum up:a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that areessential to its healthy functioning.Without the uneconomic pats.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I Use of English1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D11．C 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．A 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．DSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.B 22.A 23.C 24. A 25. B 26.C 27.D 28.C 29. B 30. D31.B 32.D 33.A 34. C 35.C 36.A 37.A 38.C 39.C 40. DPart B41. B 42. F 43. D 44. G 45. APart C Translation46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。

2010英语二作文真题2010年的英语二考试是中国大学英语四六级考试的一部分，其中作文部分是考察学生英语写作能力的重要环节。

以下是一篇可能的作文真题内容，以及一个范文示例。

题目："The Impact of the Internet on Our Daily Life"范文示例：In the modern era, the internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we communicate, learn, and work. However, like any other technological advancement, the internet has both positive and negative impacts on society.On the positive side, the internet has revolutionized the way we access information. It has become a vast repository of knowledge where one can find answers to almost any question with just a few clicks. It has also made communication easier and faster, with social media platforms and instant messaging apps connecting people across the globe.Furthermore, the internet has opened up new avenues for education. Online courses and tutorials have made learning more accessible and flexible, allowing individuals to acquire new skills and knowledge at their own pace. It has alsofacilitated remote working, reducing the need for physical presence in the workplace and promoting a more balanced work-life schedule.However, the internet also poses several challenges. One ofthe most significant is the issue of privacy. With the increasing amount of personal information being shared online, concerns about data security and identity theft have become more prevalent. Additionally, the internet can be a source of misinformation and cyberbullying, which can have serious consequences for individuals and society.In conclusion, the internet has undoubtedly made our lives more convenient and connected. However, it is crucial to be aware of its potential pitfalls and to use it responsibly. By doing so, we can harness the full potential of the internet while mitigating its negative effects.注意：这个范文只是一个示例，实际的考试内容和要求可能会有所不同。

英语二2010年真题The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off Section Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare Mc Andrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort b ecame deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on theirpeak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsI was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keepthe conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypicalcartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually C are deeply rooted in history D are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits [B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habit s are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent[B] negative[C] positive[D] biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and development46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。

2010 考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestone and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. Itis the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharprise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general,_____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often inthe _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at theheight of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., ithas_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different fromthe annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease orseveral other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart AText1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Foreve，r at Sotheb”y’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but twopieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneercalled out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At itspeak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a researchfirm —double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generatesinterest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy ina way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst ’s sal e, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financialdemise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector —for Chinese contemporary art —theywere down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world ’t w s o biggest auction houses, Sotheby ’s and Christie ’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale withthem.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the endof 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time expertsreckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. ButEdward Dolman, Christie ’s chief executive, says: “I ’m pretty confident we ’re at the bottom. ”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in theearly 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie ’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost every one who wasinterviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack ofgood work to sell. The three Ds —death, debt and divorce —still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone whodoes not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory ”because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spendingof any sort became deeply unfashionable ”(Li n e1 -2,Para.3)，the author suggeststhat_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room — a women's group that had invited men tojoin them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled andhurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed —but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year — a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequitiessuch as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share ofdaily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that mostwives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation oftheir wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc ”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions andwipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers onlybecause we can ’f tigure out how to change people ’h sabi t s, D”r. Curtis said. “Wewanted to learn from privateindustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. ”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers ’ lives that corporations could use to new routines.If you look hard enough, you ’ll find that many of the products we use e v e r y c h d e a w y ing gums, skin moist—urizers,disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teethmultiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habituallygive their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn ’t drink w a e t e o r f o a u m t s e i d a l.Then beverage companies started bottlingthe production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser foruse after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushingand putting on makeup.“Ourproducts succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns, ”s aid C a rol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and otherproducts last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers to ’ lives, an making new products commercially viable. ”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tyingcertain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people ’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their ef fect on people ’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people ’s habits?[A]Tide [B] Crest[C] Colgate [D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer ’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments35. The author ’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people ’s habits is____[A] indifferent [B] negative[C] positive [D] biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just theletter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection asearly as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible forjury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked tohave their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and requiredthem to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community tothe state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSectionⅢT ranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability has ”b ecome apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personalmeaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice 。

【导语】生活不要太劳累，弄得自己很疲惫，快乐幸福多体会，烦恼忧愁不用追，吃点好的别嫌贵，联系朋友别欠费，天空辽阔任你飞，再多困难别后退！以下我为考生整理的《2016年考研英语大作文范文【二篇】》供您查阅。

1、真题一Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)As is unfolded in the cartoon above, in front of a knocked-over bottle of water with most water flowing out stand two men. One man, looking rather upset, says “There is nothing left. How unlucky I am!”, while the other one quickly picks up the bottle, saying “I am such a lucky dog, and there is still some still some left”. How viv id the cartoon is! The two men show quite different attitudes toward the same situation.Without any doubt, the purpose of the cartoon is to show us that we should keep optimistic no matter what circumstances we undergo. First and foremost, it is universally held that life is by no means perfect and in the course of life we are bound to experience and encounter a variety of difficulties. In order to achieve our goal, we should tackle the obstacles positively rather than in a negative way. In the second place, according to some research findings, a positive attitude does good to our life in that it will assist us in solving the tough issues.From what has been argued above, we may reasonably arriveat the conclusion that we should embrace attitudes and behave confidently. Only in this way can we solve the issues confronting us successfully.2、真题二Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)The terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows that some people in our daily life still lack the awareness of environmental protection. The picture illustrates that two tourists are chatting and eating happily on a boat and casually throwing their rubbish into the lake which is full of litter and waste. The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its far-reaching influence.Nowadays, though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted by more and more people, we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Why does this phenomenon arise? Many factors are accounting for it. First and foremost, to some people, the consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong. They may not think it is a big deal to throw rubbish everywhere. In addition, the environment management system isn’t so satisfying. For example, in some places there’re few regulations or the implementation is seldom performed actually.From what has been discussed above, it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures. In the first place, we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communities andschools so as to let people realize the importance of protecting the environment. In the second, more rules should be made and carried out by the government to restrain the conduction of destroying the environment. People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings.大作文描图部分是能力展现的地方也是最容易出现错误的地方，大家切不可粗心大意。

三一文库（）〔2016考研英语二小作文真题及范文〕▲英语(二)真题PART ADirections:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an Email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to1) thank him,2) give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)▲【参考范文】Dear Jack,Thanks for your congratulation! Since you asked foradvice on translation, I’d like to offer several conducive proposals as follows.First of all, while quite a number of students think they’re forced to learn translation——merely for English test, you should learn it for some other purposes like the usefulness other than examination itself. What is more, for purpose of becoming an outstanding translator, it is vital to not only appreciate the beauty and perfection of the language and literature in both English and Chinese, but also arouse your great interest in exploring something deeper in this field.I’m sure you’ll be an excellent translator. Looking forward to your reply!Yours,。

2016研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)Section1Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Happy people work differently.They’re more productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.__2__,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities’average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough,firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest–like size,industry,and sales–and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population.The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors__13__to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view,the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility.It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2.[A]In return[B]In particular[C]In contrast[D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]pray for[B]lean towards[C]give away[D]send outSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.plete future job trainingB.remodel the way of thinkingC.formulate logical hypothesesD.perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their____.A.experienceB.interestC.career prospectsD.academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A.help students learn other computer languagesB.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to____.A.bring forth innovative computer technologiesB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldpete with a future army of programmers25.The word“coax”(Line3,Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.challengeText2Biologists estimate that as many as2million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some22,000birds remain today,occupying about16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with2new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of67,000birds over the next10years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress. Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully：There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times”But in my experience,using such methods to free up the odd30minutes doesn’t work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.The modern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”.Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them”.No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviour helps us“step outside time’s flow”into“soul time”.You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too—providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re“making time to read,”but just reading,and making time for everything else.31.The usual time-management techniques don’t work because[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A]encourage the efficiency mind-set[B]develop online reading habits[C]promote ritualistic reading[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Find Time to Read[C]How to Set Reading Goals[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,including getting married,having children,owning a home,and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents workingoutside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher a good-paying job,starting a family,managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.Even now that he is working steadily,he said.”I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back,he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.[A]trying out different lifestyles[B]having a family with children[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph3that young people tend to____.[A]favor a slower life pace[B]hold an occupation longer[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance[D]give priority to childcare outside the home38.The priorities and expectations defined by the young will____.[A]become increasingly clear[B]focus on materialistic issues[C]depend largely on political preferences[D]reach almost all aspects of American life39.Both young and old agree that____.[A]good-paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[D]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Ask for help[D]Express your emotions[E]Don't overthink it[F]Be easily pleased[G]Notice thingsAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______________What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then—again like children—move.42.____________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.______________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection.All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.__________________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with—work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting, creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)—it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable,and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________________Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (15points)46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you'll see,and the more stuff you see,themore you'll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Marketing Institute,carries some44,00different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about40minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the50percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you,and ask advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter,use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10point)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points).2015研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)Section1Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a1 underground.It's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there's2to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,3into your phone.This universal armor sends the4:“Please don't approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide5our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be6as“creepy.”We fear we'll be7.We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently8to us,so we are more likely to feel9when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we10to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket,”Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.”But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesn't12so bad.In one2011experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14."When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their16would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,"the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,after they17with the experiment,"not a single person reported having been snubbed."18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19human beings thrive off of social connections.It's that20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signal[D]record2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from6.[A]misinterpret[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungrateful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring12.[A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D]decay13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predict[D]design16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride17.[A]went through[B]did away[C]caught up[D]put up18.[A]In turn[B]In particular[C]In fact[D]In consequence19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working, making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,theco-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph1,most previous surveys found that home________.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers.[B]Childless husbands.[C]Childless wives.[D]Working fathers.23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that________.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para.4)most probably means________.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that________.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clearcut。