高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固
文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
第1讲句子成分
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型结构如下：
主语谓语
用符号表示为：
①ＳＶ（主＋谓）
②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
主语（subject）谓语
（predicate）、
宾语（object）定语
（attribute）
状语(adverbial) 补语
（complement）
表语（predicative）
考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look,
listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:
It is raining now. (ＳＶ)
We've worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ)
Time flies. (ＳＶ)
练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种
1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )
2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )
3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )
4.I did well in English. ( )
5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.
( )
考点2.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候
也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。
I.如何辨别系动词
有些动词既可作连系动词，又可以作实义动词。如何来辨别呢有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换
的，就是行为动词。如：
vi.
vt. . 宾语
宾语（间）宾语（直）宾语宾语补足语
表语
①
⑤
②
④
③
第二部分专题过关测试
1.改正下列句子的改错。
①Do exercise everyday is good for your health.
②That what he said isn’t true.
③He came late made his teacher angry.
④On the desk is two books.
⑤Go to a key college is my dream.
2.用划出下列句中的后置定语，并指出是什么词性或结构充当的
①There is nothing to do today.
②The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.
③There are five boys left.
④Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
⑤His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
⑥The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.
⑦He is not a man easy to deal with.
⑧A typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds as strong as 113 miles per hour.
⑨Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
⑩There is only one program worth watching today.
3.用双横线分别划出下句中的间接宾语和直接宾语。
①I will bring you the book when I come next time.
②He asked the ruler why only the four rich men blew trumpets.
③My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
④She showed us many of her pictures.
⑤Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
4.分析下列句子成分，体会宾语与宾补之间的逻辑关系，并指出宾补是什么词性或结构充当。
①She found it difficult to do the work.
②They made him monitor of the class.
③They pushed the door open.
④Then suddenly I saw a man lying on the ground.
⑤The old man asked us to sit down.
⑥He noticed a man enter the room.
⑦By speaking slowly, he made himself understood.
⑧We want these trees planted soon.
⑨I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
⑩I left the bag lying on the ground.
5.用双下划线标出it所代表的真正宾语。
①The chairman thought?it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
②S he made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.?
③I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．
④He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.
⑤I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.
第三部分写作能力提升
写作专练1.正确运用主语的各种形式（参看P4考点2 ）
