专题五 介词和介词短语

专题五介词和介词短语1.掌握时间介词的用法和区别,熟练运用时间介词on,in,at等;2.掌握地点、方位介词的用法和区别;3.掌握表示方式、手段和工具的介词的基本用法及区别;4.准确区分易混淆介词和介词短语,并能在具体语境中灵活运用。

安徽中考近几年对介词的考查主要是介词辨析及介词短语辨析,每年至少设置一道题。

单项填空设题多以单句形式为主,内容涉及家庭生活、学校生活等与考生有关的各个方面。

预测安徽中考对介词的考查仍会以介词辨析和介词短语辨析为主。

名师考点精讲学思结合高效突破常见时间介词辨析1.in,on和at介用法举例2.in,after和before3.by和until/till4.其他常见时间介词常见方位介词辨析1.at,in,on和toat 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”。

(如图: )at the doorat the airportat the stationat Park Streetin 表示“在(大地方)”或“在……范围之内”。

(如图: )in Chinain the north表示A地属于B地。

(如图: )Hainan lies in the south of China.中国的一部分on表示A地不属于B地,但AB两地接壤。

(如图: ) Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province.西边。

to 表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤。

(如图: )Japan lies to the east of China.围之外2.on,above,below,over和under表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触。

(如图: )He puts his watch on the desk.上。

(如图: )belo 与above 反义,表示非垂直且不与表面接触的下方。

(如图:)There is a lake below the mountain.湖。

专题五介词及介词短语高考精萃1．(2014·北京卷)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour. 2．(2014·天津卷)________ to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.3．(2014·重庆卷)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road. 4．(2014·福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless ________ age, sex or educational background. 5．(2014·浙江卷)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________ .6．(2014·浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.7．(2014·陕西卷)The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.8．(2014·江西卷)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth. 9．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. 10．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.11．(2013·北京卷)I have an appointment ________ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. 12．(2013·山东卷)The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children. 13．(2013·浙江卷)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner.__________the meanwhile, I'll set the table.14．(2013·福建卷)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ________the way whenever she tries to.15．(2013·辽宁卷)________behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 16．(2013·江苏卷)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ________regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.17．(2013·湖北卷)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered________chance a long lost antique Greek vase.18．(2013·陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will________time.19．(2013·安徽卷)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.20．(2012·安徽卷)You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be________life.21．(2012·福建卷)China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________the benefit of all its citizens.22．(2012·浙江卷)________all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.23．(2012·浙江卷)Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.24．(2012·陕西卷)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________ it.25．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.26．(2011·北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color. 27．(2011·上海卷)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.28．(2011·天津卷)He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects. 29．(2011·重庆卷)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library. 30．(2011·安徽卷)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems. 31．(2011·江苏卷)We'd better discuss everything________detail before we work out the plan. 32．(2011·浙江卷)I always wanted to do the job ________ which I'd been trained.33．(2011·湖北卷)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor ________ younger men.34．(2010·江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________ return, dogs give us their all.35．(2010·福建卷)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space. 答案与解析1．in句意：简很着急，因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。

语法专题五介词和介词短语近6年吉林中考主要在句意填词、单项选择和短文填空中考查介词的基本用法。

解答此类试题的关键是掌握常见介词的含义及用法，区分各介词之间的区别，尤其是方位、时间和方式这三类介词。

命题点1方位介词1．across, through, over和past单词含义及用法across 意为“横过；穿过”，着重指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过through 意为“穿过；通过；经过”，指从空间内部通过over 意为“横过；越过”，指从上方经过、跨越past 意为“经过”，指从旁边经过Can you swim across the river？你能游到河的对岸吗？After you go through the gate, you'll see a beautiful garden. 穿过门之后，你将看到一个美丽的花园。

We must go over the mountain. 我们必须越过那座山。

I often go past the shop after school. 我经常在放学后经过这个商店。

2．between, among表示在两者之间用between；在三者或三者以上之间用among。

3．in front of和in the front ofThere is a tree in front of the classroom.教室(外)的前面有一棵树。

There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室(内)的前面有一块黑板。

4．above, over, below和underThe plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。

There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。

The coat reaches below the knees. 那件大衣盖过膝盖。

专题五介词和介词短语贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求介词和介词短语考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值介词辨析201534 时间介词in/on/at1分68 时间介词during/after/before1分201439 时间介词in/at/on1分201232 with表达式with/under/without 1分201157 时间介词ago/before/later1分固定搭配201641 固定搭配is in controlof/isresponsiblefor/is__known__for1分65 固定搭配put up/turndown/cut__off1分92 介词短语are__thirsty__for1分95 介词短语according to 1分201368 固定搭配talk__with/talk about/talkaloud1分88 固定搭配for/in→for 1分201238 固定搭配turn on/turndown/turn__off1分42 介词短语fix__up/setup/put up 1分58 介词短语felloff/fell__into/fell down1分70 介词短语got in/goton/got__out1分介词是贵阳中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词的固定搭配，如：write with(用……写)，at age＋数字(在……岁时)，be different from(不同于……)。

同时也注重on的基本用法，如：on表时间、方位、方向等，同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析，如in，at，for，to，by，of等。

设题形式多为简单句，以两个分句居多，词数为9～12。

另外，完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析，如：with表伴随，from表来源，like表列举，同时涉及其他介词的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of等。

此外，也涉及到了介词的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右边)，think about(考虑)等。

高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题五介词与介词短语一、介词的句法功能1.作定语The key to the door is missing.2.作状语Her eyes were tired from long reading.3.作表语Japan is to the cast of China.4.作宾语补足语Make yourself at home.二．介词的宾语易错点名词、代词Don't forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom.Don't hide behind others.数词There was only one piece of cake, but we can cut it into two.The students began to show up by twos and threes.When we went in,we found his room at sixes and sevens.形容词、副词Her pronunciation is far from perfect. His uncle is from abroad. 动词-ing形式I succeeded in passing the driving test.On arriving in Venice, we knew that it was a city of water.动词不定式The plane is about to take off.宾语从句She got very angry because of what he had said.I am thinking of how I shall do more for the people.疑问词+ 不定式短语Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign languages. They are discussing how to sell the goods elsewhere.动词原形His father had nothing to do all day except play cards.介词短语The boy jumped from behind the door. The ball rolled out from under the table.三．介词的省略用法易错点1.of的省略The two girls are(of) the same age.2.from的省略Nobody can prevent us(from)getting married. You must stop her(from)telling such lies.3.in 的省略He spends nearly half of his monthly income(in)buying books.He wasted time(in)doing nothing.4.on的省略Keep(on)talking amongst yourselves.I'll be back in a minute.四．常用介词的用法比较集锦1.表示时间in/after in十时间段：一般用于将来时after+时间段：一般用于过去时He'll be back in a week. 他一周后回来。

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第5专题介词和介词短语Ⅰ. 单项选择(共30小题；每小题1分，共30分)( )1. (19梧州中考) The city museum closes ________7 o'clock in the evening.A. atB. fromC. onD. of( )2. (19铁岭中考)Humans can not make progress ________ dreams.A. withB. withoutC. throughD. about( )3. (19曲靖中考)Cao Yuan, a 22-year-old Chinese scientist, was regarded ________ one of the 10 top people by Nature in 2019.A. asB. forC. inD. at( )4. (19吉林中考改编)—Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore?— Go ________ Center Street and you'll find it.A. forB. alongC. withD. on( )5. (19南通中考)It's been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place ________ May 4, 1919.A. forB. inC. atD. on( )6. (19包头中考) He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.A. offB. onC. alongD. behind( )7. (19徐州中考) I'll be at home ________Sunday morning. You can phone me then.A. onB. inC. atD. to( )8. (19上海中考)We communicate ________ each other in many ways, such as by e-mail or by phone.A. onB. throughC. inD. with( )9. (19贵港中考)— Is Mr. Green at home?— Sorry, I don't know. But you can call him ________ 340-5261.A. inB. withC. byD. at( )10. (19贺州中考)Doing eye exercises is good________our eyes.C. forD. with( )11. (19临沂中考改编) In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water ________ about 570 million children.A. withB. forC. towardsD. over( )12. (19乐山中考改编)—Do you have this T-shirt in a different color?— I'm afraid not. It only comes ________ red.A. ofB. inC. forD. with( )13. (19南京中考)Xinhua Zidian, or the Ne w Chinese Dictionary, was first published ________ 1953.A. onB. inC. atD. for( )14. (18柳州中考改编)— Where is Kate?— She is sitting next ________ Lily.A. toB. inC. onD. of( )15. (18桂林中考改编)I won the first prize in the exam, so I was proud ________ myself.A. inB. of( )16. (18福建A中考改编)Blue whales are ________. We should try to protect them.A. in timeB. in publicC. in dangerD. in surprise( )17. (18福建A卷中考改编) I will give a T-shirt ________ my brother as a birthday present.A. byB. toC. fromD. in( )18. (18上海中考) Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup ________ July.A. onB. inC. atD. of( )19. (18徐州中考) Where do we usually see the sign?A. On the bus.B. In the street.C. Inside the museum.D. In the swimming pool.( )20. (17苏州中考)Nora opened the box. To her surprise, ________ it was a gold watch.A. outsideB. insideC. besideD. behind( )21. (17德州中考)A woman stood ________ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.A. pastB. throughC. acrossD. by( )22. (17济宁中考)The Dragon Boat Festival is ________ the fifth day of May on the lunar calendar (阴历)．A. inB. onC. atD. by( )23. (17滨州中考)—Thanks ________ our government, we can play sports on the new playground next week.— That's for sure! And we'll have a sports meeting ________ one month.A. for; inB. to; inC. for; afterD. to; after( )24. (19淮安中考改编)The World Cup ________ Russia last year was wonderful.A. onB. inC. atD. to( )25. (18河南中考)I stopped ________ the night in a small village while I was on holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago.A. atB. forC. untilD. through( )26. (18宜昌中考)— Who is the space scientist from Beijing?— The man ________ white over there. He's of medium height.A. withB. inC. onD. for( )27. (18山西中考改编) In China, we are using the FAST to find stars ________. Now more and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope (望远镜) in the world.A. in personB. in publicC. in spaceD. in danger( )28. (18资阳中考) The river is very clear. We can even see the fish swimming ________ it.A. inB. onC. toD. behind( )29. (18内江中考)The accident took place ________ a cold November evening.A. onB. inC. atD. for( )30. —What shall we buy for Lucy as a present?—Let's buy a new bike for her. Her bike breaks down from time to time ________.A. after allB. above allC. at allD. in allⅡ. 用适当的介词或副词填空(共5小题；每小题1分，共5分)1. —Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her?— Of course. She was tall and thin ________ long hair.2. Thanks ________ the No. 48 bus driver, all the passengers were saved. The driver managed to stop the bus before he died.3. — Do you know Victory Day in China?— Yes, it's ________ September 3rd each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history.4. ________ your help, I can't get good grades.5. You must be careful when you swim ________ the lake.参考答案【专题作业】Ⅰ. 1. A【解析】考查介词辨析。