------Course 1
1.Definition of culture (at least one)【Noun Explanation】
<1> excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture;
<2> an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behaviour that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning;
<3> the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.
2. Two meanings of “culture” in Anthropologist
<1> the evolved human capacity to classify and represent experiences with symbols, and to act imaginatively and creatively;
<2> the distinct ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences, and acted creatively.
3. Cultural Diversity & Cultural Differences【Distinguish Definition (辨析各自侧重点，重合点以及不重合点)】
Cultural diversity is the variety of human societies or cultures in a special region, or in the world as a whole. (It also refers to multiculturalism within an organization)
Cultural differences exist between people, such as language, dress and traditions, there are also significant variations in the way societies organize themselves, in their shared conception of morality, and in the ways they interact with their environment.
4. Hofstede’s dimensions[Concept, Connotation and Focus of each dimension]
<1>Collectivism and Individualism
<2>Masculine and Feminine cultures
<3>Uncertainty avoidance
<4>Power distance
<5>Chronemics (long-term orientation):
Monochronic: time-fixed, “one after another” (America)
Polychronic: many things at the same time, “multi-tasking” (China)
Confucianism and Christianity
Cause 2 Cross Culture
1. Distinguish this picture with Saussure’s line graph
(现在这图有什么改进、提升以及为什么现在不用原来索绪尔的图？)
2. Intercultural Communication【Concept & Focus】
Intercultural Communication = cross-cultural communication: it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them. As a separate notion, it studies situations where people from different cultural backgrounds interact.
Focus: <1> social attributes (age, political appearance, wealth, gender and education)
<2> thought patterns
<3> the cultures of different groups of people
3. Case
Analysis: <1>chronemics: polychronic & monochronic
<2>rights are assumed
<3> low context (Venezuela) & high context (Canadian)
<4>Colleration between non-verbal and verbal communication?
Cause 3 Intercultural Competence
1. Intercultural Competence [Concept]
Intercultural competence is the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures. (this subject is growing larger while competence becomes smaller)?
2.11 Different terms to 3C(Cross-culture competence) [Explanation & Write down]
cultural savvy (悟性), astuteness (敏锐), appreciation, literacy or fluency, adaptability, terrain, expertise, competency, awareness, intelligence, and understanding.
3. Requirments of making intercultural communication
<1>Knowledge: about other cultures, people, nations, behaviours
<2>Empathy: understanding feelings and needs of other people
<3>Self-confidence: knowing what I want, my strengths and weaknesses, emotional stability
