专业英语2

新传专业英语二
新传专业英语二，即新闻传播学专业英语二，是新闻传播学专业的一门必修课程。

该课程旨在培养学生掌握新闻传播学专业英语的基本词汇、语法和表达方式，提高学生的英语阅读、写作和翻译能力，帮助学生更好地了解和掌握国际新闻传播的动态和趋势。

课程主要涉及新闻传播学的基本概念、理论和实践，包括新闻写作、新闻采访、新闻编辑、新闻评论等方面的知识，以及全球媒体发展、跨文化传播、新媒体技术等方面的内容。

课程通常采用英文原版教材，授课语言为英语，授课方式以讲授、讨论、案例分析为主。

学生需要掌握一定的英语基础，具备一定的新闻传播学基础知识，才能更好地学习该课程。

学习新传专业英语二对于提高学生的综合素质和国际化水平具有重要意义，同时也有助于学生在未来的新闻传播领域中更好地发挥自己的专业能力。

2022年自考专业(英语)综合英语（二）考试真题及答案一、语法与词汇从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的置上。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)1、 ______ English, they have to study a second foreign language.A.ExceptB.Except forC.BesidesD.Beside2、 Without trees our world ______ a much drier place.A.isB.will beC.would beD.must be3、 I would have gone with you, but I ______ too tired.A.wasB.had beenC.must beD.must have been4、 His father was an under-paid worker, ______ hard life turned him into a rebel.A.whoseB.whichC.of whoseD.of which5、 The electricity was cut off while the film ______.A.was shownB.was to showC.was showingD.was being shown6、 What ______ honest man he is.A.aB./C.theD.an7、I’d like to have ______ with you sometime this week about your approaching examination.A.a wordB.some wordC.some wordsD.one word8、 Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.A.people haveB.since people haveC.have peopleD.people who have9、 ______ makes mistakes must correct them.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever10、 It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning gray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for11、 Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know ______.A.how he is getting alongB.how is he getting alongC.what he is getting alongD.what is he getting along12、I don’t know how to get Susan to give up smoking, but I’m going to do it ______.A.in any caseB.in no caseC.by some meansD.by no means13、 Human beings ______ a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects.A.obligeB.oweC.thankD.gratitude14、 ______, the worse I seem to feel.A.When I take some medicineB.The more medicine I takeC.Taking more of the medicineD.The more medicine taken15、 He spoke so ______ that even his opponents were impressed by his words.A.franklyB.clearlyC.convincinglyD.loudly二、完形填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读（二）考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Reading Comprehension.(50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.1、Passage OneIts early August and the countryside appears peaceful. Planting has long been finished and the fields are alive with strong, healthy crops. Soybeans and wheat are flourishing under the hot summer sun, and the corn, which was knee-high by the fourth of July, is now well over six feet tall. Herds of dairy and beef cattle are grazing peacefully in rolling pastures which surround big, ted barns and neat, white farmhouses. [Everything as far as the eye can see radiates a sense of prosperity.]Welcome to the Midwest-one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world.The tranquility of the above scene is misleading. Farmers in the Midwest put in some of the longest workdays of any profession in the United States. In addition caring for their crops and livestock, theyhave to keep up with new farming techniques, such as those for combining soil erosion and increasing livestock production. It is essential that farmers adopt these advances in technology if they, want to continue to meet the growing demands of a hungry world.Agriculture is the number one industry in the United States and agricultural products are the countrys leading export. American farmers manage to feed not only the total population of the United States, but also millions of other people throughout the rest of the world. Corn and soybean exports alone account forapproximately 75 percent of the amount sold in world markets.This productivity, however, has its price. Intensive cultivation exposes the earth to the damaging forces of nature. Every year wind and water remove tons of rich soil from the nations croplands, with the result that soil erosion has become a national problem concerning everyone from the farmer to the consumer.Each field is covered by a limited amount of topsoil, the upper layer of earth which is richest in the nutrient and minerals necessary for growing crops. Eversince the first farmers arrived in the Midwest almost 200 years ago, cultivation and,consequently, erosion have been depleting the supply of topsoil. In the 1830s,nearly two feet of rich, black top soil covered the Midwest. Today the average depth is onlyeight inches, and every decade another inch is blown or washed away.This erosion is steadily decreasing the productivity of valuable cropland. A United States Agricultural Department survey states that if erosion continues at its present rate, corn and soybean yields in the Midwest may drop as much as 30 percent overthe next 50 years.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.The underlined sentence in Para. 1 implies that ____.A.the Midwest is the most prosperous in the USB.the Midwest is the most fertile in the worldC.the Midwest is expecting a good harvestD.the Midwest is within reach of prosperity2、What does the author say about the farmers in Para. 2?A.They live a tranquil but industrious lifeB.They work very hard and learn new skills.C.They work longer hours during week days.D.They have to compete with farmers in other countries.3、From Para. 3, we can learn that ____.A.American farmers feed almost three quarters of the world populationB.75 percent of corn and soybeans in the world market come from the USC.American agricultural exports have a share of 75% in the global marketD.corn and soybeans take up about three quarters of American agricultural exports4、According to Para. 4, ______.A.soil deterioration is becoming a serious problemB.climate change reduces the area of the croplandsC.customers have to pay more for agricultural productsD.high productivity comes along with damaging forces of nature5、The purpose of this passage is _______.A.to show the necessity to improve farming methodsB.to persuade farmers to adopt new farming techniquesC.to inform people of the side effect of intensive cultivationD.to intensify people's awareness of land erosion in the US6、Passage TwoLike many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Carand Driverand Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the查看答案。

Chapter 2 Boiler第二章锅炉Air heater 空预器Commissioning 试运行Anchor 支座，固定Compressor 压缩机、压气机Anhydrous ammonia 无水氨Condenser 凝汽器Anthracite 无烟煤Containment 反应堆安全壳Atomized 雾化Convection 对流Austenitic 奥氏体钢Coolant 制冷剂Auxialiary 辅助机械Coordinated 坐标，定位Axis 轴Corten低合金耐腐蚀钢Bagasse 甘蔗渣Counterflow 逆流（换热器）Bare tube 光管Creep strength 蠕变强度Bark 树皮Criterion 标准Beam 梁，横梁Critical pressure 临界压力Bituminous coal 烟煤Culm 煤屑Blade 叶片Cyclone furnace 旋风炉Blast 鼓风Debris 残骸、有机残留物Blowdown 排污Decane 癸烷Boiler 锅炉Decay 分解Bulk 大块的Deposited 沉积，沉淀的Burner zone 燃烧器区域Deterioration 恶化Butane 丁烷Diesel oil 柴油Calcination 煅烧Differential 差动，微分Capacity 出力Distillate 馏出物Carbon steel 碳钢Distortion 变形Cerium 铈Division wall 分隔墙，双面水冷壁Chromium 铬Drainage 疏水Circulating fluidized bed CFB 循环流化Drum 汽包床锅炉Coal char 煤焦Dwell time 保留时间Cogenerator 热电联产机组Economizer 省煤器Combustion 燃烧Embrittlement 脆性，脆化Equalization 均衡，平衡Ingress进口，入口Erosive 侵蚀的，腐蚀的In-line 顺列Ethane 乙烷Inorganic 无机的Evaluate 评估，评价Ion 离子Evaporate 蒸发Jurisdiction 权限Excess air 过量空气Lignite 褐煤Extended surface 扩展受热面Lime 石灰Fatigue 疲劳Limestone 石灰石Feedwater 给谁Low alloy 低合金钢Ferrite 铁素体Low-volatile 低挥发分的Fin 鳍片，肋片Margin 裕量，安全系数Flange 法兰Matrix 矩阵Flue gas 烟气Membrane 膜Fouling 沾污Methane 甲烷Furnace 炉膛Mill 磨煤机Generator 发电机Molecule 分子Geological 地质的Molten 熔化Girth 环形Nitric oxide 氮氧化物Govern 控制、调节Nonpressure 非承压的Gravity 重力Nontoxic 无毒的Header 联箱，集箱Organisms 有机体Helical 螺旋状的Oxidation 氧化Helium 氦Peat 泥煤Heterogeneous 不均匀的Pendants superheat platen悬吊式屏式过热器Hopper 斗，料斗Pentane 戊烷Husk 壳，外壳Petrochemical 石油化工制品Hydraulic 水力的，液压的Petroleum 石油制品Ignite 点火Plasma spray coating 等离子喷涂Impurity 杂质Platen 屏Inert 惰性Polymer 聚合物Inferior 低级的，劣质的Pores 气孔，小孔Ingredients 成分Porosity多空的Potassium 钾Slurry 水煤浆Prandtl numbers 普朗特数Sodium 钠Prefabricated 预制的Solvents 溶剂Premium fuel 优质燃料Sootblower 吹灰器Pressure loss 压力损失Sour gas 含硫气体Primary air 一次风Specification 规格Propane 丙烷Stable ignition 稳定着火Proximate analysis 工业分析Stanton number 斯坦顿数Pulp 纸浆Saturated 饱和的Pyrites 黄铁矿Straw 稻草Radius 半径，范围Steam line blowing 蒸汽管路吹灰Rare earth element 稀土元素Steams 茎，杆Recuperator 间壁式换热器Stress corrosion 应力腐蚀Regenerator 回热器，蓄热器Structural formula 结构式Regulate 控制，调节Stud 双头螺栓Repercussions 反应Subbituminous 贫煤，次烟煤Reservoirs 储气罐Suction 真空，负压Residuale fuel oil 渣油Sulphur 硫Resonant 共振Superheater 过热器Retract缩回Swamp 沼泽Reynolds number 雷诺数Sweet gas 无硫气Rigid 刚性的，紧密地Switchgear 配电装置，开关装置Rollers 辊子Temperature-entropy 温熵图Scale 水垢，Tenacious 黏的Seal 密封Thermodynamics 热力学Sedimentary 沉积Tube bundles 管束Serpentine tube 蛇形管Tubular 管状的Shale 页岩Turbine 汽轮机Silica 二氧化硅V elocity 速度Silt 淤泥V ertical spidle mill 中速磨，立轴磨Single-phase 单相V essel 容器Skin casing 外护板Viscosity 黏度Slag 结渣V olumetric expansion 体膨胀Vulnerable 易损的，薄弱的DEH 数字电液系统Wear磨损DNB 偏离核态沸腾Welded 焊接FDF 送风机Wingwall屏式凝渣管FGD 烟气脱硫Yttrim 釔FSSS 炉膛安全检测保护系统Abbreviations HRB 回热锅炉AFBC 常压流化床燃烧IDF 引风机AFCO 燃料自动切断IGCC 整体煤气化联合循环AFWC 给水自动切断LMTD 对数平均温差ASME 美国机械工程师协会MFT 主燃料切断ATM 标准大气压MUF 锅炉补给水BFP 锅炉给水泵NWL 正常水位BUT 按钮OFA 火上风，燃尽风BWC锅炉水浓度PFBC 增压流化床燃烧BYP 旁路SSC 刮板除渣机CFBB 循环流化床锅炉TGA 热重分析仪MCR 最大连续蒸发量UBC 未燃烧DAS 数据采集系统WFGD 湿法烟气脱硫2.1 IntroductionBoilers use heat to convert water into steam for a variety of applications. Primary among these are electric power generation and industrial process heating. Steam has become a key resource because of its wide availability, advantageous properties and non toxic nature. The steam flow rates and operating conditions can vary dramatically; from 1000lb/h (0.1kg/s) in one process use to more than 10 million lb/h (1260kg/s) in large electric power plant; from about 14.7 psi (1 bar) and 212ºF in some heating applications to more than 4500 psi (310bar) and 1100ºF (593℃) in advanced cycle power plant.2.1 简介SSC锅炉利用热量使水转变成蒸汽以进行各种利用。

服装专业英语1. 介绍服装专业英语是指在服装设计、生产、营销等领域中所使用的英语词汇和专业术语。

随着全球服装业的发展，英语已成为国际上最常使用的商务语言之一。

掌握服装专业英语不仅可以帮助与国外客户进行沟通，还能提高在国际市场上的竞争力。

本文将介绍一些常用的服装专业英语词汇和表达方式，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。

2. 服装设计2.1. 设计理念•Design philosophy（设计理念）•Creative inspiration（创意灵感）•Color scheme（色彩方案）•Silhouette（轮廓）•Pattern（图案）•Texture（质地）•Detailing（细节）•Fashion trend（时尚趋势）2.2. 设计过程•Sketch（草图）•Mood board（情绪板）•Fabric selection（面料选择）•Prototype（样板）•Fitting（试穿）•Sample making（打样）•Final adjustment（最后调整）•Collection（系列）3. 服装生产3.1. 生产流程•Production process（生产流程）•Production line（生产线）•Cutting（裁剪）•Sewing（缝制）•Ironing（熨烫）•Quality control（质量控制）•Packaging（包装）•Shipping（装运）3.2. 服装部件•Garment（服装）•Collar（领口）•Sleeve（袖子）•Pocket（口袋）•Button（纽扣）•Zipper（拉链）•Hem（下摆）•Seam（缝合线）4. 服装营销4.1. 销售渠道•Retail（零售）•Wholesale（批发）•E-commerce（电子商务）•Online store（在线商店）•Brick-and-mortar store（实体店铺）•Showroom（展示室）•Pop-up store（临时店铺）•Market（市场）4.2. 销售活动•Promotion（促销）•Advertising（广告）•Marketing campaign（营销活动）•Discount（折扣）•Sales target（销售目标）•Customer service（客户服务）•Branding（品牌打造）•Public relations（公关）5. 服装尺码•Size chart（尺码表）•Measurement（测量）•Bust（胸围）•Waist（腰围）•Hip（臀围）•Sleeve length（袖长）•Inseam（内侧腿长）•Size conversion（尺码转换）6. 结语本文简要介绍了服装专业英语的一些常用词汇和表达方式。

授课教师： 授课教师：吴玲
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专业英语的词汇特点
二、缩略词多 缩略词或缩写词经常大量出现在科技文章中， 缩略词或缩写词经常大量出现在科技文章中，掌 握一些常见的缩略词对阅读外文资料是十分必要的。 握一些常见的缩略词对阅读外文资料是十分必要的。 除去一些常用的缩略词外， 除去一些常用的缩略词外，有时某一篇论文的作者 还会将仅在该文中使用的术语转换为缩略词。 还会将仅在该文中使用的术语转换为缩略词。 AC(alternate current)交流电路 交流电路 IC(integrated circuit)集成电路 集成电路 Eq.(equation)等式 等式 Fig.(figure) 图
授课教师： 授课教师：吴玲
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专业英语的词汇特点
三、组合词和派生词多 大量使用复合词和派生词也是科技文章的一个特点。 大量使用复合词和派生词也是科技文章的一个特点。 随着技术发展的需要， 随着技术发展的需要，经常会组合或派生出一些新的词 汇，而有些词汇可能无法在字典中查到。 而有些词汇可能无法在字典中查到。 1. 组合词 例如： open-loop 开环 例如：feedback 反馈 forward-gain 前向增益 bandwidth 带宽 2. 派生词，一般组成为：前缀+词根 后缀=新词 派生词，一般组成为：前缀 词根+后缀 新词 词根 后缀 例如： 例如：conduct 传导
授课教师： 授课教师：吴玲
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(2) with + 抽象 抽象n.=adv. with care =carefully with accuracy=accurately with precision=precisely with ease = easefully with efficiency = efficiently with skill = skillfully with difficulty=difficultly e.g: This experiment should be done with care. 这个实验应该仔细地做。 这个实验应该仔细地做。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语阅读（二）考试真题及答案一、Reading Comprehension.阅读以下短文，并从文后给出各题的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1、Many people believe that taking vitamin supplements is the best safeguard against the dangers of an incomplete diet, but this should be a last resort rather than a way out of a problem. Even if there is a genuine need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises “which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?” There is really no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee suggests in their recent report to the government that we do not need any extra vitamins. Th ey say that they are “not necessary for a healthy individual eating a normal diet”. Whilst few of us would challenge their authority on the subject of nutrition, it is, perhaps, pertinent to ask the question “how many of us are healthy, and what is a norma l diet?” There is an element of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and though few people are familiar with the wording of the Food StandardsReport they do wonder instinctively if they are eating the right things. The blame for faulty eating habits is often placed at the door of the ubiquitous junk and convenience foods. As we have seen, some of these are not the criminals they are made out to be. White bread is only slightly less nutritious than brown bread and frozen vegetables can be almost as “fresh” as fresh food. There are very few foods which can really be described as pure rubbish. Many pre-packed foods contain too much sugar and we would all benefit by avoiding these, but most tinned, processed and dried foods contain useful amounts of fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals. The addition of a small amount of fruit or a side salad to convenience foods such as pizzas or hamburgers can turn a snack into a well-balanced meal.“Junk” food is difficult to define. White sugar is probabl y the nearest contender for the title. It contains plenty of calories for energy but not much else, and is often described as an “empty calorie” food. Alcohol is also high in calories, but beer and wine contain some of the B vitamins and wine is a good source of iron, so even a teetotaler could not describe all alcohol as useless, nutritionally speaking. Calories measure the energy we derive from the food we eat, and sugarand alcohol are sometimes described as having a high energy density. There is a limit to the amount of energy we need each day (2,000-2,200 calories is the average for women and 2,500~3,000 for men) and if we eat too much sugar and alcohol there is no appetite left for the vitamin-rich foods we need—fish, meat, fruit and vegetables. Buying vitamins can be predicted by psychological as well as nutritional motives and it is prudent to investigate why we think we need them and what benefits we expect from them before we rush off to the health shop to make our purchases.1. According to the Food Standards Committee, _______.2. Canned foods do not necessarily mean unhealthy because they may contain _______.3. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _______.4. The word “teetotaler'' in Paragraph 2 means _______.5. The passage tells us that _______.A． many of us do not have a healthy dietB． many of us need to think twice about our eating habits C． people do not need extra vitamins if they have a normal dietD． people must have extra vitamins as a safeguard against illnessesA． enough sugarB． some extra supplementsC． fresh vegetablesD． some useful substances we needA． healthy food usually contains no caloriesB．we cannot simply define alcohol as “junk” foodC． alcohol surely contains extra vitaminsD． white sugar is not at all healthyA． a person who never drinks alcoholB． a person who usually cats junk foodC． a person who never eats white sugarD． a person who usually has a balanced dietA． we should not buy vitamins blindlyB． white sugar and meat should not be eaten togetherC． alcohol is a good companion for foods like fish and meat D． we need to measure calories contained in the food before we eat it2、I’ve known the mother sitting in front of me at this parent-teacher conference for years, and we have been through a lot together. I have taught three of her children, and I like to think we've even become friends during our time together. She’s a conscientious mother who obviously loves her children with all of her heart. I’ve always been honest with her abouttheir strengths and weaknesses, and I think she trusts me to tell her the truth. But when she hits me with the concern that’s been bothering her for a while, all I can do is nod, and stall for time.“Marianna’s grades are fine; I’m not worried about that, but she just doesn't seem to love learning anymore.” She’s absolutely right. I’d noticed the same thing about her daughter over the previous two or three years, and I have an answer, right there on the tip of my tongue, for what has gone wrong.The truth—for this parent and so many others—is this: Her child has sacrificed her natural curiosity and love of learning at the altar of achievement, and it's our fault. Marianna's parents, her teachers, society at large—we are all implicated in this crime against learning. From her first day of school, we pointed her toward that altar and trained her to measure her progress by means of points, scores, and awards. We taught Marianna that her potential is tied to her intellect, and that her intellect is more important than her character. We taught her to come home proudly bearing as, championship trophies, and college acceptances, and we inadvertently taught her that we don't really care how she obtains them. We taught her to protecther academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs and that it's better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk marring that perfect record. Above all else, we taught her to fear failure. That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning.Marianna is very smart and high-achieving, and her mother reminds her of that on a daily basis. However, Marianna does not get praised for the diligence and effort she puts into sticking with a hard math problem or a convoluted scientific inquiry. If that answer at the end of the page is wrong, or if she arrives at a dead end in her research, she has failed—no matter what she has learned from her struggle. And contrary to what she may believe, in these more difficult situations she is learning. She learns to be creative in her problem-solving. She learns diligence. She learns self-control and perseverance. But because she is scared to death of failing, she has started to take fewer intellectual risks.1. Marianna’s mother _______.2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that_______.3. According to the author, _______.4. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?5. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A．pays much attention to her daughter’s academic achievementsB． is sensitive and is ready to protect her children at any timeC． has much confidence in her childrenD． is honest and trustworthyA．the teacher is really worried about Marianna’s grades B．the mother has been a friend of Marianna’s teacher for 2 or 3 yearsC． the mot her has noticed her daughter’s poor performance in her studyD． the teacher knows the reason why Marianna lost her love for learningA． the whole society are involved in the crime against learningB．teachers should be blamed for students’ loss of strengths C．parents kill their children’s interest in gradesD． children are not born to love learningA． Teachers usually stimulate their students to face new challenges.B． Children will never learn anything if they fail in their scientific inquiry.C． Marianna never wins praise for the effort she puts into problem-solving.D． Parents usually encourage their kids to solve the problems independently.A． Parents Play Important Roles in Academic EducationB． Academic Pressure May Lead to Failure in LearningC． Academic Success Is the Ultimate Goal of LearningD． Academic Perfection Means a Successful Future3、At last unemployment is easing. But the latest low rate—hovering below 6 percent~~obscures a deeper, longer-term pr oblem: “skills mismatches” in the labor force, which will only worsen in years to come. According to the most recent figures, 93 million Americans are unemployed, but 4.8 million jobs stand empty because employers can’t find people to fill them. With new technology transforming work across a range of sectors, more and more businesses are struggling to find workers with the skills to man new machines and manage new processes.One solution has enchanted employers, educators, and policymakers on both sides of the aisle: European-style apprenticeship.I've just come back from Germany, where I visited some halfdozen apprenticeship programs at brand-name companies like Daimler, Siemens, and Bosch, and the metaphor I came away with is a native tree—flourishing, productive, highly adapted to its local climate zone, but unlikely to take root or grow in a climate as different as the America’s. This doesn’t mean we shouldn’t adapt the German model. But it’s not going to be quick or easy.The U.S. has its own tradition of apprenticeship going back many years. But like most kinds of vocational education, it fell out of fashion in recent decades―a victim of our obsession with college and concern to avoid anything that resembles tracking. Today in America, fewer than 5 percent of young people train as apprentices, the overwhelming majority in the construction trades. In Germany, the number is closer to 60 percent—in fields as diverse as advanced manufacturing, IT, banking, and hospitality. And in Europe, what’s often called“dual training" is a highly respected career path.“Dual training” captures the idea at the heart of every apprenticeship: Trainees split their days between classroom instruction at a vocational school and on-the-job time at a company. The theory they learn in class is reinforced by the practice at work. They also learn work habits andresponsibility and, if all goes well absorb the culture of the company. Trainees are paid for their time, including in class. The arrangement lasts for two to four years, depending on the sector. And both employer and employee generally hope it will lead to a permanent job—for employers, apprentices are a crucial talent pool.The first thing you notice about German apprenticeships: The employer and the employee still respect practical work. German firms don’t view dual training as something for struggling students or at-risk youth. “This has nothing to do with corporate social responsibility,” an HR manager at Deutsche Bank told the group I was with, organized by an offshoot of the Goethe Institute. UI do this because I need talent.” So too at Bosch.1. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that in the U.S. _______.2. The word “man” in Paragraph 1 means _______.3. According to the author, Germany’s apprenticeship program_______.4. In the U.S., young people usually train as apprentices in_______.5. What do you know about “dual training”?A． the unemployment rate is droppingB． there are more and more people being laid offC． the unemployed workers are leading an easy lifeD． the problem of skills mismatches will be easily solved A． makeB． serviceC． operateD． maintainA． can be very fruitful in the U.S.B． may not be suitable in the U.S.C． will not be welcomed in the U.S.D． can easily adapt to the new environment in the U.S.A． banking industryB． hospitality industryC． information technologyD． construction tradesA． At the end of the program, the trainees will be offereda permanent job.B． In this program, the trainees spend most of their time learning skills.C． The program tries to strike a balance between theory and practice.D． This program specifically emphasizes on-the-job training.4、“In the beginning was Apple. All things were made by it; and without it was not anything made that was made.” If technophiles were to write their own Testament, these might be the opening lines. Apple’s ability to redefine the appeal of whole categories of computing has attracted the unerring faith of millions of followers. Apple has popularized existing technologies four times: with the Macintosh computer in 1984, the iPod in 2022, the iPhone in 2022 and the iPad in 2022. Recently the faithful have prayed that Apple will pull it off again with its smartwatch. Many firms already make wrist-based devices that measure sleep patterns and exercise, but so far the category has remained a niche plaything for geeks and athletes.On March 9th the firm gathered its flock to share details about the Apple Watch, which will go on sale next month. Tim Cook, its boss, called it “the most advanced timepiece ever created”. In addition to telling the time, it can respond to voice commands, measure its wearer's heart rate, act like a credit card at payment points and provide alerts for incoming calls and e-mails. It can display many of the apps that are popular on smartphones, such as those of social networks, without the hassle of having to pull out a phone.The launch of the Apple Watch points to a broader story: high expectations that wearable technology will soon take off. Some 21m wearable devices were sold last year, according to IDC, a research firm; wrist-worn wearables, including watches, were the majority.Wearables have so far lacked the elegant design and ease of use that helped smartphones ring in such success. Even the fashion models who were hired to demonstrate Google Glass struggled to make it look stylish. Most companies are focusing on the engineering challenges in front of them and paying too little attention to the “cultural engineering” that needs to happen for wearables to become accepted. Apple has hired fashion-conscious executives from luxury brands like Burberry and Yves Saint Laurent to make its watch attractive, but it is not yet obvious that it has cracked the cool code. But the biggest challenge facing wearables is the absence to date of a “killer app”. Watches do not yet provide much more than smartphones currently do, and some models offer far less. Moving beyond phones’ capabilities will take time. It will also depend on getting developers to build apps that will make the most of wearables’ possibilities.1. The author listed the Macintosh, iPod, iPhone and iPadto_______.2. The underlined part in Paragraph 1 means_______.3. According to Paragraph 2, Apple Watch cannot be used to_______.4. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?5. What is the current status of wearables?A． tell us what kind of products Apple can produceB． show us the achievements that Apple has madeC． explain the reason why Apple is so successfulD． define the business scope of AppleA． people who have religious faithB． people who are dedicated to a religionC． people who are loyal to a certain brandD． people who accept the leadership of anotherA． carry out voice commandsB． make payment as a credit cardC． inform the wearer of incoming callsD．measure the wearer’s blood pressureA． Most of the wearables are quite expensive.B． Most wearable producers lack fashion-consciousness. C． Most of the wearables do not have a fashionable look. D． Most wearable producers pay too much attention to culturalengineering.A． They have dominated the market.B． They have already had elegant designs.C． They can provide more functions than smartphones. D． They need further improvement to become accepted. 参考答案：【一、Reading Comprehension.】。

英语专业综英2单词Unit1单词Ankle脚踝bank排（尤指机器）bolt冲出butt（臀部）calf（腿）careen（倾斜，翻转）colleague（同事）confusion（混淆不清）descent（下降）Devastating（毁灭性的，破坏大的）dilemma（进退两难）drawstring（拉绳，拉带）Flight（台阶，一段楼梯）gasp（大口喘气）heavyset（敦实的，壮实的）Illusion（幻想党）lash（猛击）lobby（大厅）pandemonium （一片混乱）Purgatory（炼狱）rip（撕，锯）rumble（低沉的声音）sap （衰竭）Soak（浸泡）spasm（抽搐）stairwell（楼梯井）sway（摇摆）ultimate（终极的）词组Cast into（扔进）find one’s way to（设法得到）off and on （断断续续）guinea pig（豚鼠）wade into（艰难的向前）window shade（百叶窗）Unit2单词Accomplished（有技术的）adolescent（青春期）aging（老化）agony（精神上或肉体上极度痛苦）apt （有什么倾向，be apt to do sth）aspect（方面）await（等候）Blazer（常指带有俱乐部或学校等颜色或徽章的夹克）contentment（满足）contradict（矛盾）contrast（明显的差异）convince（说服）critical（决定型的）delay（延期）devil（魔鬼，撒旦，恶棍）diet（节食，按规定饮食）distinct（明显的）Feverishly（激动的）frame(框架，人的骨骼)freak（异想天开，嬉皮士）jog（慢跑）Lanky（瘦长）losse—fitting（宽松的）megadose（大剂量，dose为剂量）muscular（肌肉发达的）plead（乞求）premise（前提或假设）pursue（致力于）quirk（怪癖）saint（圣人，圣徒）sanity （明智，头脑清醒）slice（薄片，部分）tailor（剪裁）teen （青少年）though（但是）un-American （非典型美国思想）unsettling（让你紧张焦虑）waist（腰）wiry（瘦长但结实）worship（崇拜）词组Be obsessed with(沉溺于什么)keep score（计分）milk shake （奶昔）pecan pie（山核桃馅饼）take up with（与，，，友好相处）work out（锻炼）Unit3单词Anguish（痛苦）assure（确保）authorize（官方授权）beneficiary（受益人）breast（乳房）collide（撞击）consequence （后果）console（安慰）deplorable（糟透了）diagnostic（诊断的，特征的）ego（自我，自负）endure（忍受）epiphany（显现节）establish（创建）eventually （最终）fascism（法西斯主义）fatal （致命的）flee（逃走）gurney（轮床，医院里用来转运病人的那种床）helicopter(直升机)instantly（立即）intuition（直觉）lump （块，肿块）malignant（恶性的）manicure（修剪）manicurist （从事manicure的技师）miff （微怒，使，，恼羞成怒）occupation（占有期）poignant（尖酸的，切中要害的）psychiatrist精神病医师）rear（后部）rescuer（救援）slur（发音含糊的，写字潦草的）Spinal（脊髓的，脊柱的）striking（显著地，惊人的）stroke （中风）subtitle（字幕）suicidal （自杀性的）surgery（外科手术，外科，手术室，诊疗室）Therapist（临床医疗学家）threaten（威胁）tumor（肿癌）undergo（经历）Wreckage（遗址，遗骸）wrist（手腕）词组Be wrapped up in（沉迷于）give sb a ride（给sb一个免费旅行）set apart（让什么变得与众不同）station wagon（房车）stretch out（伸展）Unit4单词Access（使用权，通路）adjustment(调整)afford（提供，买得起）approximate（相似但不完全相同）backpack（双肩背包，远足用的包）boundary（边界）click（点击时发出嘀嗒声）communication（沟通）complacent（自鸣得意）compromise （和解，妥协）conference（会议，一般指很多天的那种）despair （绝望，令人绝望的人或事）enable（使什么可能）essential （基本的）facilitate（简化，方便）global(全球的)head-on（直接，目的性强）hence（因此）hover（盘旋）hybrid（混合的，混血）intercultural（跨文化的）involve（牵涉）label（贴标签）longing（渴望）Mentality（智力，头脑作用）messaging（信息系统）misgiving（担忧，不相信）Mockingly（取笑。

Lesson 2 Carbon and Alloy SteelSteel is probably the most widely used material for machine elements because of its properties of high strength ,high stiffness ,durability and relative ease of fabrication .the term steel refers to an alloy of iron ,carbon ,manganese and one or more other significant elements .carbon has a very strong effect on the strength , hardness and ductility of any steel alloy . the other elements affect hardenability , toughness , corrosion resistance , machinability and strength retention at high temperature .the primary alloying elements present in the various alloy steels are sulfur ,phosphorus ，silicon , nickel ,chromium , molybdenum and vanadium .1. Importance of carbonalthough most steel alloys contain less than 1.0% carbon ,it is included in the designation because of its effect on the properties of steel . as figure 1.2 illustrates ,the last two digits indicate carbon content in hundredths of a percent .as carbon content increases , strength and hardness also increase under the same condition of processing and heat treatment .since ductility decrease with increasing carbon content , selecting a suitable steel involves some compromise between strength and ductility . 钢由于其高强度，高刚度，良好的稳定性和构件间相对缓和的作用成为机械元素应用最广泛的材料。

机械专业英语1. Introduction机械工程是一门涉及机械设备和工具设计、制造、使用和维护的学科，是工程技术领域中的一个重要分支。

机械专业英语是机械工程学习中必不可少的一部分，它涉及到机械工程师需要掌握的英语词汇、专业术语、文档阅读和撰写技巧等方面。

本文将介绍一些常用的机械专业英语词汇和常用的表达方式，以帮助读者更好地掌握机械专业英语。

2. Mechanical Engineering Vocabulary以下是一些常用的机械工程专业词汇，可以帮助读者对机械工程领域的基本概念有更好的了解：•Mechanical Engineering（机械工程）: A discipline of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of machinery.•Engineer（工程师）: A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or public works.•CAD（计算机辅助设计）: Computer-Aided Design, a software tool used by engineers to create and modifymechanical designs.•CAM（计算机辅助制造）: Computer-Aided Manufacturing, a software tool used to controlmanufacturing processes.•CNC（计算机数控）: Computer Numerical Control,a method of controlling manufacturing machines usingcomputers.3. Common Expressions in Mechanical Engineering在机械工程领域，有一些常用的表达方式，以下是一些示例：•According to the design specifications（根据设计规范）: Indicates that something is done in accordance with the design requirements.•The machine is in operation（机器正在运行）: Indicates that the machine is currently running andperforming its intended function.•The material is heat-treated（材料经过热处理）: Indicates that the material has undergone a specific heat treatment process for improved properties.•The system is experiencing mechanical failure（系统发生机械故障）: Indicates that the system is notfunctioning properly due to a mechanical issue.•The component needs to be lubricated regularly（零部件需要定期加润滑油）: Indicates that regularlubrication is required to ensure proper functioning of the component.4. Reading and Writing Documents in Mechanical Engineering在机械工程领域，阅读和撰写文档是非常重要的技能。

A combination of information technology innovations and a changing domestic and global business environment makes the role of IT in business even more important for managers than just a few years ago信息技术创新加上国内及全球商业环境的不断变化，使得IT在商业中的作用对管理者来说显得比几年前更为重要。

The Internet revolution is not something that happened and then burst, but instead has turned out to be an ongoing, powerful source of new technologies with significant business implications for much of this century.互联网革命不仅仅是发生，然后破裂那样简单，它是一个不断发展的且强有力的新技术源泉，对本世纪许多事物有着重大商业影响。

There are five factors to consider when assessing the growing impact of IT in business firms both today and over the next ten years.Internet growth and technology convergenceTransformation of the business enterpriseGrowth of a globally connected economyGrowth of knowledge and information- based economiesEmergence of the digital firm在评价IT技术现在和未来10年对商业越来越大的影响时，有五个因素评估时要考虑：互联网的发展和技术融合商业企业的转型全球互联经济的增长以知识和信息为基础的经济的增长数字公司的涌现These changes in the business environment, summarized in Table 2.1, pose a number of new challenges and opportunities for business firms and their managements.表2.1总结了商业环境的变化，列出一些商业企业和它们的管理所面对的新的挑战和机遇The internet and technology convergenceOne of the most frequently asked questions by Wall Street investors, journalists, and business entrepreneurs is, “What’s the next big thing?”As it turns out, the next big thing is in front of us: 互联网和技术的融合一个被华尔街的投资者、记者和企业家最常问到的问题是，“下件大事会是什么？”事实证明，下一个大事件正摆在我们面前：We are in the midst of a networking and communications revolution driven by the growth of the Internet, Internet-based technologies, and new business models and processes that leverage the new technologies.我们正处于一个由互联网发展、以互联网为基础的技术及新的商业模式和商业进程所驱动的网络和通讯革命之中，它们还促使新技术的改变。

英语二介绍
英语二，全称为"考研英语二"，是考研英语的一种类型，主要针对专业学位硕士研究生（如 MBA、MPA 等）的入学考试。

与考研英语一相比，英语二的难度相对较低。

它的考试内容包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、翻译和写作四个部分，满分 100 分。

其中，英语知识运用主要考察词汇和语法知识，阅读理解部分包括多项选择题和简答题，翻译部分要求将一段汉语文字翻译成英语，写作部分包括应用文写作和短文写作。

英语二的考试形式为笔试，考试时间为 180 分钟。

为了在英语二考试中取得好成绩，考生需要具备一定的英语基础知识和阅读、写作能力。

平时可以通过多读英文文章、多听英语听力材料、多写英语作文等方式来提高自己的英语水平。

总的来说，英语二是一项重要的考试，对于想要攻读专业学位硕士研究生的学生来说具有重要意义。

通过认真备考和提高英语水平，考生可以在考试中取得好成绩，为自己的考研之路打下坚实的基础。

专业学位硕士研究生英语2？
答：专业学位硕士研究生的英语2主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

考试难度上，通常英语一要比英语二难度大很多，相当于英语6级和专业英语4级之间。

而英语2的难度其实就相当于英语4级，只要英语4级能及格，那么可以很轻易的达到60分。

适用人群上，英语1适用于除外国语专业的所有学术硕士；英语2适用于读工商管理、公共管理、旅游管理、会计、审计管理、工程管理硕士等专业的人。

Objectivity Substance Over Form Relevance Consistency Comparability Timeliness Clarity Accrual Basis
客观性原则 实质重于形式原 则 相关性原则 一贯性原则 可比性原则 及时性原则 清晰性原则 权责发生制原则
2．持续经营 会计核算应当以企业持续、正常的生产经营活动为前提。
Unit2 第2单元
英语试听
专业术语
典型例句
典型例题
小结
典型 例句
3. The Time Period Concept An enterprise should account for its transactions or events and prepare its financial statements in distinct accounting periods. Accounting periods may be a month, a quarter, a half-year, commencing on first days thereof according to the Gregorian calendar. Monthly, quarterly and half-year periods are referred to as interim accounting periods. “End of periods” and “at regular intervals” under this System refer to the end of a month, a quarter, a half-year, or a year. 3．会计分期 会计核算应当划分会计期间，分期结算账目和编制财务会计报告。会 计期间分为年度、半年度、季度和月度。年度、半年度、季度和月度 均按公历起讫日期确定。半年度、季度和月度均称为会计中期。本制 度所称的期末和定期，是指月末、季末、半年末和年末。

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第二讲 词义选择及词义引伸
3、注意英、汉语的搭配习惯 In modern reciprocating steam engine, condensation problems have been practically eliminated. 在现代往复式蒸汽发动机中，冷凝问题实际上已经解决了。 4、注意在逻辑关系中选定词义 Allow the water to cool for ten minutes and then take the temperature.(测量温度） 5、注意词的发展词义 An engineer named Trevithich introduced the steam locomotive in 1804.（创造了蒸汽机车）
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第二讲 词义选择及词义引伸
2-2 词义引伸法 所谓词义引伸就是在原来词义的基础上，把词义适当加 以引伸，从而达到确切表达原文精神实质的目的。只有 在原有词义会造成误解时，才可作词义引伸处理。 词义引伸的方法有两种： （1）词义扩展或转译；（2）借增词而引伸词义 Force and distance measure the amount of work. 通过力和距离可算出做功的量。 Heat given by the boiler comes to the exchanger through pipe line. 锅炉产生的热量经管路送到换热器。
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第二讲 词义选择及词义引伸词汇
6、词性转换 Wrought-irons behave differently from iron which contains a lot of carbon. 熟铁的性能不同于含碳量多的生铁。（转换成名词） Rapid evaporation at the heating surface tends to make the steam wet. 加热面上的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度增大。

建筑工程管理专业英语概述建筑工程管理是一个涉及规划、设计、施工和运营建筑项目的综合学科。

在这个领域，专业英语是必不可少的工具。

本文将介绍一些在建筑工程管理中常见的专业英语词汇和表达，以帮助学习者更好地理解和运用这些术语。

建筑工程管理职责项目规划•Project planning：项目规划•Feasibility study：可行性研究•Project objectives：项目目标•Project budget：项目预算•Time schedule：时间进度表•Risk assessment：风险评估设计和工程图纸•Architectural design：建筑设计•Structural design：结构设计•MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing) design：机电管道设计•Working drawings：施工图纸•Blueprints：蓝图•Specifications：技术规范施工过程•Construction site：施工现场•Construction materials：建筑材料•Excavation：挖掘•Foundation：基础•Concrete pouring：浇筑混凝土•Steel reinforcement：钢筋加固•Framing：框架施工•Plumbing and electrical installation：管道和电气安装•Finishing work：装修工作•Quality control：质量控制•Safety measures：安全措施项目管理•Project management：项目管理•Project manager：项目经理•Stakeholders：利益相关者•Team collaboration：团队协作•Resource allocation：资源分配•Progress monitoring：进度监控•Change management：变更管理•Problem-solving：问题解决运营和维护•Operation and maintenance：运营和维护•Facility management：设施管理•Energy efficiency：能源效率•Preventive maintenance：预防性维护•Emergency repairs：紧急维修•Life cycle cost analysis：寿命周期成本分析建筑工程管理实例为了更好地理解这些专业英语词汇的运用，让我们看一下一个建筑工程管理实例。

计算机专业英语I．Multiple choices1. Which of the following feature of a word processor becomes more useful with the growth of the amount of text?A. wording searchingB. grammar checkingC. word countingD. spell checking2. Which of the following feature of a word processor can show underline, bold, italic, font and other typing styles on the screen?A. WYSIWGYB. WYSIWYGC. WSYIWYGD. WYSWIYG3. Which of the following does NOT belong to hidden characters or commands?A. retrievalB. spacesC. returnsD. paragraph endings4. Before typing in any data, a user needs to .A. edit the cell B .save the cell C. select the cell D. change the cell5. Each cell of a worksheet can hold_______.A. one piece of dataB. two pieces of dataC. three pieces of dataD. four pieces of data6. Where is the Entry Bar of a worksheet?A. below the icons of the worksheetB. above the icons of the worksheetC. at the left of the icons of the worksheetD. at the right of the icons of the worksheet7. All functions in spreadsheets start with ________.A. a dollar signB. an equal signC. question markD. star8. Which of the following can NOT be created by spreadsheets?A. bar chartB. start chartC. three-dimensional chartD. pie chart9. Which of the following message can be sent by E-mail without an attachment?A. text messageB. graphical messageC. audio messageD. video message10. Which of the following can be applied for an E-mail message without an attachment?A. boldB. underlineC. italicsD. none11. Which of the following does NOT belong to one of the E-mail advantages?A. instantaneousnessB. efficiencyC. group sending featureD. none12. A private network-based E-mail system is not for ________.A. corporate usersB. home usersC. school usersD. hospital users13. An E-mail server can be considered as a _________.A. powerful operating systemB. high-duty database systemC. high-configuration computerD. practical Internet application14. Which of the following is called a searching engine?A. Web serverB. Web browserC. Web siteD. Web address15. Which of the following is NOT an Internet application?A. IRCB. audio chattingC. file compilingD. video chatting16. To start an online chatting, a user needs to know________.A. the software name of an IRC clientB. the Web service provider of an IRC clientC. the program name of an IRC clientD. the Web address of an IRC client17. Once a user starts an IRC client, the server on the IRC service provider side will provide theuser a________.A. channelB. serverC. hardwareD. program18. What does the WWW stand for?A. World Wide WebB. World Wide WorkC. World Wide WatchD. World Wide Wave19. Which of the following is the primary function of the WWW?A. accessing resourcesB. sending and receiving E-mailsC. IRCD. Video conferencing20. Which of the following is NOT supported by the WWW?A. GopherB. FTPC. UsenetD. File compiling21. To accommodate a binary number, which of the following of a computer doesn't have more digits than those for decimal numbers do?A register B. bus C. port D. keyboard22. Which of the following unit provides signals to start the operations in the ALU, the memory and the input/output unit?A. logical unitB. arithmetic unitC. input/output unitD. control unit23. What does IC stand for?A. Intelligent CardB. Intelligent CircuitC. Integrated CardD. Integrated Circuit24. How many the most influential components does a computer system configuration include?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 625. Which of the following does NOT belong to one of the most influential components of a computer system configuration?A. the memoryB. the operating systemC. the input/output devicesD. the storage devices26. Which of the following memory will lose the data stored in it when the power is gone or a malfunction occurs?A. the ROMB. the virtual memoryC. the RAMD. the buffer27. The permanently useful data is stored in which of the followingmemory?A. the ROMB. the virtual memoryC. the RAMD. the buffer28. Which of the following does NOT belong to a computer hardcopy output?A. a graphB. a photoC. a text filesD. voice29. Which of the following does NOT belong to a computer hardcopy output device?A. a plotterB. a monitorC. an ink-jet printerD. a laser printer30. Which of the following belongs to an impact computer hardcopy output device?A. a plotterB. an ink-jet printerC. a laser printerD. monitor31. Which of the following is the major advantage of a DVD-ROM over a CD-ROM?A. portabilityB. priceC. materialD. capacity32. Which of the following is the major advantage of a CD-R or a CD-RW over a CD-ROM or aDVD-ROM?A. speedB. priceC. materialD. writing data33. Which of the following is the major advantage of a U-disk over a hard disk?A. speedB. priceC. easy to carryD. writing data34. Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly used software-relevantterminologies?A. dataB. programC. operating systemD. application software35. Which of the following is the most fundamental concept of computer software?A. operating systemB. programC. application softwareD. system software36. What is a computer program?A. a set of operations and tasksB. a set of operations and dataC. a set of tasks and dataD. a set of instructions37. Which of the following does NOT belong to computer system software?A. operating systemB. system utilityC. word processing programD. language compiler38. Which function of a word processor can ensure typing correctness?A. hidden commandsB. typefaceC. spell checkingD. space39. What do users need to do with the spell-checked files to ensure their correctness?A. proof checkB. proofreadC. through checkD. double-check40. Which of the following is NOT one of a word processor's functions?A. spell-checking typed textB. grammar checking typed textC. compiling typed textD. counting typed text41. Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly used software-relevantterminologies?A. dataB. programC. operating systemD. application software42. A computer processes __________ into_______.A. information/dataB. data/informationC. facts/dataD. information/facts43. Data flow into the computer as .A. outputB. a programC. a processD. input44. Information flows from a computer as _________.A. outputB. memoryC. a programD. input45. The ________distinguishes a computer from a calculator.A. processorB. stored programC. memoryD. output46. Data and program instructions are stored in ________ .A. the processorB. an output deviceC. the stored programD. memory47. The computer component that actually manipulates the data is_____.A. main memoryB. an input deviceC. the processorD. an output device48. The physical components of a computer are collectively called_____.A. peripheralsB. softwareC. boardsD. hardware49. Programs are known collectively as_________.A . secondary storageB . softwareC . stored programsD . hardware50. A physical switch is ; its setting is .A. software/hardwareB. hardware/softwareC. hardware/dataD. data/information51. A _________ holds enough bits to store a single character.A. wordB. byteC. bitD. chip52. A __________is a group of _________A. bit/bytesB. byte/wordsC. word/bytesD. character/bytes53. The " digit-times-place-value "rule work, with but not with____.A. numbers/ charactersB. bits/bytesC. bytes/wordsD. characters/numbers54. A location in memory is accessed by its_________.A. addressB. valueC. contentD. register55. When memory is .its contents are not changed.A. writtenB. accessedC. readD. it's always changed56. The programmer can read and write .A. ROMB. RAMC. wordsD. bytes57. What type of memory can only be read?A. registersB. ROMC. RAMD. words58. The processor fetches and executes________.A. clock pulsesB. dataC. instructionsD. information59. The part of an instruction that tells the processor what to do is the _____.A. operandB. pulse C .statement D. operation code60. The processor's, components are synchronized by_______.A. instructionsB. dataC. informationD. clock pulses61. Which processor component executes instructions?A. instruction registerB. instruction control unitC. arithmetic and logic unitD. main memory62. The basic input device on a small computer is a _______ .A. display screenB. printerC. keyboardD. card reader63. The basic output device on a small computer is a_______ .A. keyboardB. display screenC. disketteD. plotter64. A generates hard- copy output.A. display unitB. screenC. monitorD. printer65. A display screen is divided into a grid of ________.A. bytesB. bitsC. pixelsD. words66. External devices are linked to a small computer system through____.A. channelsB. control unitsC. plugsD. interfaces67.The translates between the computer's internal codes and a peripheral device's external codes.A. processorB. interfaceC. memoryD. register68. A terminal communicates with a distant computer over data transmission lines.A. remoteB. displayC. printingD. local69. The interference that distorts electronic signals transmitted over a distance is called______.A. staticB. interferenceC. noiseD. a spike70. network can be worldwide.A. Wide areaB. Metropolitan areaC. Local areaD. Campus area71. networks usually span tens of kilometers.A. Wide areaB. Metropolitan areaC. Local areaD. Ethernet72. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)reference model is based on a proposal developedby_________.A. ANSIB. IEEEC. IABD. ISO73. is concerned with controlling the operation of the subnet.A. The transport layerB. The network layerC. The application layerD. The data link layer74. is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel.A. The physical layerB. The presentation layerC. The network layerD. The data link layer75. The main task of is to transform a raw transmission facility into a line that appears free of undetected transmission errors to the network layer.A. The physical layerB. The session layerC. The network layerD. The data link layer76. allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them.A. The physical layerB. The session layerC. The network layerD. The data link layer77. The _________ serves as a hardware/software interface.A. systemB. Application program C control unit D. operating system78. The source of a computer’s logic is __________.A. hardwareB. softwareC. dataD. the user79. A disk drive is limited to a few_______.A. tasksB. program functionsC. primitive operationsD. I/O operations80. Programmers write ________code.A. objectB. sourceC. machine-levelD. load moduleII.ClozePassage 1:A database system gives us a way of 1 together specific pieces or lists of 2 that are relevant to us in our jobs or our lives. It also provides a way to 3 and maintain that information in a central place. The first commercial computers were really 4 more than dedicated database machine used to gather, sort and report on census information. To this day, one of the most common reasons for purchasing a computer is to 5 a database system.供选择的答案：1: （A）gather (B) gathering （C）get (D）getting2: (A) data (B) information (C) mail (D) message3: （A）build (B) copy （C）remember (D) store4: (A) anything (B) nothing (C) something (D）thing5: (A）find (B) load (C）run (D) installPassage II.Toolboxes and menus in many application programs were 6 for working with the mouse. The mouse controls a pointer on the screen. You move the pointer by 7 the mouse over a flat surface in the direction you want the pointer to move. If you run out of 8 to move the mouse, lift it up and put it down again. The pointer moves only when the mouse is 9 the flat surface. Moving the mouse pointer across the screen does not affect the document, the pointer simply 10 a location on the screen. When you press the mouse button, something happens at the location of the pointer.供选择的答案：6:（A）assigned （B）designed （C）desired （D）expressed7:（A）putting （B）sliding （C）serving (D) taking8: (A) board （B）place （C）room (D) table9:（A）getting （B）going (C）teaching (D) touching10: (A）constructs （B）indicates （C）instructs (D) processesPassage IIIThe boot is to 11 automatic routine that clears the memory, loads the operating system, and prepares the computer for 12 Included in the computer's read-only memory(ROM is the power-on-self-test, which 13 when the power is switched on (a cold hoot.After a system 14 or lockup occurs, you usually must boot the computer again, or reboot, by 15 the Reset button or Ctrl + Alt + Del (a warm boot).11: (A）clear (B) initiate (C) insert (D) push12: (A) create (B）handle （C）use （D）route13:（A）executes (B)exits （C）loads (D）reads14: (A) communicate (B) crash (C) create (D）handle15: (A) pressing （B）pulling （C）seeing (D)writingPassageVI:Perhaps you have been asking the questions: Is everyone moving to 16 ? If I don't step to the 17 user interface, will I be left all along at the cold 18 command line?Don't throw away your 19 . No one is 20 DOS's death knell yet. DOS and its applications people have using for years are not going to stop working overnight.供选择的答案：16: (A) DOS (B) UNIX (C) Windows (D) Windows NT17: (A) graphical (B) software (C) command line (D) Windows NT18: (A) DOS (B) UNIX (C) Windows (D) Windows NT19: (A)hardware (B) text (C) Windows (D) software20: (A) software (B) hardware (C) sounding (D) textIII．Mark the following sentences with T ( true) or F (false) according to the dialogue1. The smallest unit of the memory is the magnetic cell.2. Magnetic cells use the "write" and "read" currents with same direction to store and retrieve data.3. The most influential component of a computer system configuration is the memory.4. The system clock is the brain of a computer.5. Both ink-jet and laser printers are non-impact printers; they are based on the same principle.6. Ink-jet printers have pins in their printing heads to form dots to produce printed results.7. A plotter is the popular hardcopy output device commonly used in the education sector.8. Word processors ease much of tedium associated typing, proofing. and manipulating words.9. The real strength of a word processor is its ability to store, retrieve , and change data.10. The implementation of the WWW is based on a standard client-server model.11. All Von Neumann type digital computers consist of the input/output unit, the arithmetic unit, networking unit, the control unit and the memory.12. A scanner belongs to the input/output device.13. A binary number needs more computer resource to accommodate than a decimal number.14. The operations on decimal numbers are much easier and need much less time than in a binary system.15. HTML is so important to the WWW that it is recognized every where on the16. The Web server is the only component of the WWW that is able to read the HTML.17. E-mail is a method of sending and receiving messages on the Internet.18. Generally speaking, most of E-mail systems do allow text formatting.19. Users have to attach word-formatted texts to their E-mail messages if they have to send word-formatted texts.20. Instantaneousness and high efficiency are major advantages of the E-mail applicationIV．Match the following two columns1. Computer software A. provides support for application software.2. System utilities B refers to Microsoft Disk Operating System.3. System software C is a set of computer programs.4. Operating systems D. has been widely used in CAD programs.5. MS-DOS E. are more suitable for PC users.6. The Unix F. can be understood as systemtune-up programs.7. The Linux G. are truly powerful enterprise-level computing tools.8. The Unix and Linux H. is the first Windows operating systemin a real sense.9. MS Windows I. has been adopted for Internet servers.10. Windows 95 J. are preloaded onto computers by computer makers.11. The storage device A. sends out pulses regularly.12. A CPU includes B. faster than a RAM.13. The wide of the bus C. the ALU and the controller.14. The system clock D. is used to read and write data.15. ROM E. belongs to the system configuration of a computer.16. A buffer runs F. the buffer first when it needs datato operate.17. A CPU searches G. exchange sections of data whennecessary.18. A hard disk and a RAM H. is the extension of the RAM.19. A RAM I. is able to keep the data stored init when the power is gone.20. The virtual memory J. is also called the "word length"V．Translating1. Internet resource access is the primary function of the World Wide Web.2．The WWW can be described as an internet application platform.3. User must get their E-mail systems setup first before they can use them.4.MS-DOS is a command line interface-based operating system.5．We have the input/output and store devices to go.6. Gopher, FTP, Usenet and Web sites are the ways the WWW offers to access the resources located on the Internet.7. With E-mail services, computer users can receive and send messages in a pretty convenient way.8. A user can’t start receiving and sending messages without an E-mail account.9. A user needs to select the cell where date goes first and then type in the date.10．Operating system is the most important type of computer system software.参考答案I．1、A2、B3、A4、C5、A6、A7、B8、B9、A 10、D11、D 12、B 13、C 14、B 15、C 16、D 17、A 18、A 19、A 20、D 21、D 22、D 23、B 24、B 25、B 26、C 27、A 28、D 29、B 30、A 31、D 32、D 33、C 34、A 35、B 36、D 37、C 38、C 39、B 40、C 41、A 42、B 43、D 44、A 45、B 46、D 47、C 48、D 49、B 50、B51、B 52、C 53、A 54、A 55、C 56、B 57、B 58、C 59、D 60、D61、C 62、C 63、B 64、D 65、C 66、B 67、D 68、A 69、C 70、A71、B 72、D 73、B 74、A 75、D 76、B 77、D 78、B 79、C 80、BIIPassage I1: （B）2: (B) 3: （D）4: (B) 5:（C）Passage II6: （B）7:（B）8:（C）9: (D) 10: (B)Passage III.11: （B）12: （C）13: （A）14:（B）15: （A）Passage VI16：(C) 17：(A) 18：(A) 19：(D) 20：(C)III.1.T2.F3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.T9.T 10.T11.F 12.T 13.T 14.F 15.F 16.F 17.F 18.F 19.T 20.TⅣ.1-C 2-F 3-A 4-J 5-B 6-D 7-I 8-G 9-E 10-H11-E 12-C 13-J 14-A 15-I 16-B 17-F 18-G 19-D 20-HV．1.万维网的主要功能是提供互联网的访问服务。