非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词: a.动词不定式: 表示目的或未完成的动作，也可以修饰前面名词或代词
b.动名词：修饰名词，表示它的性质，或放介词后面做宾语
c.分词现在分词：表示和逻辑主语为主动关系，或表示动作的进行
过去分词：表示和逻辑主语为被动关系，或表示已经动作已经完成)
概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词
2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
动词不定式
一．动词不定式的时态
一般式进行式完成式完成进行式
（not）to do (not) to be doing (not) to have done (not) to have been
doing
动词不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后谓语动词的动作发
生时，动词不定式
的动作正在发生
动词不定式的动作
发生在谓语动词动
作或特定时间之前
动词不定式的动作在
谓语动词动作之前，且
一直在持续
练习：
1.I’m very happy (hear) that the German team won the match.
2.She is said (study) in France.
据说她正在法国留学。
3.He pretended (sleep) when his younger brother came in.
当他弟弟进来时，他假装在睡觉。
4.When you called me up, I happened (prepare) dinner.
你给我打电话时，我正好在做饭。
5.You are lucky （get）tickets to the football match.
你买到了足球赛门票，真幸运。
6.He appears (wait) here for a long time.
他似乎在这里等了很久。（仍然在等待）
单选
1.We agreed here but so far she has not turned up yet.
A.having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
2.Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.
A.to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
3.Tom happened when they spoke ill of him.
A.passing by
B. to be passing by
C. to passing by
D. to having passed by
4.The doctor warned the patient not to eat sugar. I’m sorry
told you about it.
A.to have not
B. to not have
C. not to have
D. not having
5.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Li Na, who was said
a miracle in the tennis.
A.making
B. having made
C. to have made
D. make
6.The police are now searching for a woman who is reported to
since the earthquake hit the area.
A.have been missing
B. miss
C. be missed
D. have missed
二．动词不定式的被动语态
一般式完成式
to be done to have been done
不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后
不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前
或同时发生
1.She asked (send) to work in Tibet.
她要求被派到西藏去工作。
2.In general, people do not like (make fun of).
一般说来，人们都不喜欢被他人取笑。
3.The book is said (translate) into more than 30 languages.
据说这本书已被翻译成了30多种语言。
注意：动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义的常见情形
1.名词/代词+ be + easy/ difficult/ fit + 动词不定式
2.There be + 名词+ to do
这周有很多家庭作业要做。
3.Sb have/ get/ want/ need + 宾语+ to do
我有一些椅子要修。
4.give / show/ buy/ lend sb sth to do
He will show you the way to take. Please lend him some books to read.
5.be to blame for The firm was to blame for the accident.
单选
1.The message is very important, so it is supposed out as soon as possible.
A.to be sent
B. to send
C. being sent
D. sending
2.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears
Everything.
A.to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
3.When elephants eat huge quantities of leaves and grasses, other animals have trouble finding enough food .
A.to be eaten
B. eating
C. to eat
D. being eaten
4.In many people’s opinion, the CEO of the company, though relatively young, is pleasant .
A.to deal with
B. dealing with
C. to be dealt with
D. dealt with
三．动词不定式作主语
(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault.
(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
句型1：It + 谓语+ to do
It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.
句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.
It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.
句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）
/ It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）
