考研英语英语词汇词根词缀大全
Ⅰ.常见的后缀
1. 常见的名词后缀
(1)表示“人和物”
-an American historian
-ian Italian Canadian politician
-ant assistant accountant participant
-ent student president resident
-ee employee trainee attendee
-er writer speaker waiter
-or actor conductor sailor
-ess waitress hostess actress
-ist socialist novelist scientist
(2)表示“性质、状态、动作、行为”的抽象名词
-ability suitability probability
-ibility possibility responsibility
-age marriage shortage carriage
-al arrival refusal revival survival
-ance acceptance importance distance ignorance
-ence dependence existence difference conference
-dom freedom wisdom seldom
-ery slavery bravery discovery robbery
-hood childhood adulthood neighborhood
-ion election construction conduction
-ition composition competition
-ation modernization civilization alteration
-ism pessimism optimism socialism
-ment movement government encouragement
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-ness kindness carelessness
-ship friendship leadership relationship
-ure exposure failure measure leisure
2. 常见的动词后缀
表示“使(成为)”“使……化”
-ate circulate decorate regulate alternate
-en strengthen weaken broaden widen lighten
-ify classify simplify specify qualify certify
-ize realize organize criticize recognize
-ish Astonish cherish establish finish punish polish vanish accomplish abolish 3. 常见的形容词后缀
(1)表示“具有……性质的”
-al national cultural natural
-an American republican
-ian Italian Canadian Christian
-ant pleasant resistant distant constant
-ent different confident excellent
-ary necessary imaginary customary
-ory compulsory contradictory
-ate considerate fortunate
-ese Chinese Taiwanese Cantonese
-ic heroic poetic economic
-some troublesome handsome quarrelsome
(2)表示“充满或缺乏”
-free duty-free carefree worry-free
-ful hopeful useful wonderful helpful
-less hopeless useless needless
-(i)ous dangerous various anxious serious
-y rainy dirty hairy
(3)表示“类似”
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-ish childish stylish greenish
-like childlike businesslike
-ly brotherly friendly deadly
(4)表示“主、被动”意义
-able comfortable capable portable disable
-ible responsible sensible visible
-ive negative positive passive decisive
(5)表示“方向”
-ward downward backward forward westward upward 4. 常见的副词后缀
-ly successfully strongly quickly angrily slowly
-ward(s) downwards eastwards
-wise clockwise likewise otherwise
Ⅱ.常见的前缀
1. 表示“否定或逆转”
de- defeat defend define deform
dis- disappear disagree disorder disgust
in- incorrect inactive incapable inaccurate
il- illegal illogical illiberal
im- impossible immature imperfect impatient
ir- irregular irrelevant irresponsible
mis- misuse mislead misunderstanding
non- non-stop nonsense non-violence
un- unhappy unlucky unpleasant
2. 表示“时间顺序”
ex- ex-president ex-wife ex-husband
fore- foretell forehead foresee forecast
mid- middle midfield midnight midterm
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post- post-war postgraduate postpone
pre- prepare prepay premature predict
re- recall repair rebuild rewrite
3. 表示“方向或位置”
ex- export exclude expel exert
