1. doi ng 的用法
(1)在要求动词后 (作宾语)：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认admit承认advocate 提倡/ 主张con sider 考虑can't help 不禁can't sta nd 受不了con template 纟田想complete 完成confess坦白dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure扌苗绘/计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/包含keep 保持miss令错过mention 说到/讲到mi nd 介意pardon 原谅/饶恕permit允许postpo ne 推迟practice 实行/实践preve nt阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate 忍受worth值得
You should try to avoid making mistakes.
The book is worth readi ng.
The book deserves readi ng.
(2)表进行
Walk ing on the grassla nd, I saw a sn ake.=Whe n I was walk ing on the grassla nd, I saw a sn ake.
The man speak ing En glish is T om. = The man who is speak ing En glish is Tom.
(3)表主动
The man speak ing En glish is T om = The man who speaks En glish is T om.
=The man who spoke En glish is T om.
Nobody dinks boil ing water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boil ing but the water that has boiled.
(4)表伴随
I sta nd outside wait ing for Mr. Chen.
I lie in bed readi ng a no vel.
(5)表性质；特点
The film is very movi ng.
She is un dersta nding, so you had better discuss your bus in ess with her.
(6)概括性，一般性
Climb ing mountain is very in terest ing.
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性，一般性)
Our work is servi ng the people .
(7)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词'S+动名词。例如：
Tom insisted on my going with them . 他坚持要我和他们一起去。
专业word可编辑
He dislikes his wife's working late .他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
2. bei ng done 表示正在进行的被动
The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is T om.
Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.
The buildi ng being built will be the tallest one in this city.
=The buildi ng that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.
3. having done 有先后动作表完成（一般用在句首）
Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.
Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.
Having done the work, I went back home.
Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.
4. having been done 用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成，（有过去时间或过去动作）
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.（要求动词后）
=I appreciate that I was give n the opport unity to study abroad two years ago.
Having bee n give n the opport unity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help the n.
=Because I was give n the opport unity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help the n
I appreciate having bee n give n the opport un ity to study abroad two years ago. ________
I enjoy giving the opport unity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.
I appreciate being given the opport unity to study abroad now.
Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.
5. to do 的用法：
（1）用在要求动词后：接to do的动词（作宾语）
attempt 企图afford负担得起arrange 安排appear似乎，显得ask问agree同意believe 认为、相信begin 开始beg 请求bother 扰乱/烦恼care关心，喜欢choose 选择claim 要求consent 同意，赞同contrive 设法，图谋dema nd 要求desti ne 注定determ ine 决定dread 害怕desire 愿望decide 决定en able 能够expect期望endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厌恶happen 碰巧hesitate 犹豫hope希望intend 想要in cli ne 有••倾向long 渴望love 爱lear n 学习mea n 意欲，打算man age 设法n eglect 忽视n eed 需要omit 忽略，漏offer提供pretend 假装plan计划prefer喜欢/宁愿prepare 准备profess表明promise 承诺/允许propose 提议refuse拒绝swear宣誓start开始seek找/寻觅try试图undertake 承接volunteer 志愿vow 起wish希望want想要
（2）表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作（做表语）。
Our work is to serve the people .
The pers on to do the job is T om. = The pers on who will do the job is T om.
To do two things at a time is to do neither ______ .一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at o nee. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
. 专业word可编辑
