新四级完型填空
（教师用）
一．简介
完型填空又称综合填空，是国内大学英语四级考试中较为常见的测试题型。其目的是测试学生运用语言的能力，包括正确理解篇章、有效使用词汇和灵活运用语法的能力。它以阅读为形式，以英语的词汇和语法结构为内容来考查考生对语言信息中问题的判断解决能力。完型天空的选项中词汇比语法结构所占的比例要大得多，出题和设置选项的角度也灵活多变，对学生来说具有较大难度，也有着较好的区分度。
完型填空的题目在设计时并非拿来一篇短文随便去掉几个词，设计者要遵循一定的要求和准则，以保证测试的效度和信度。一般来说，在大学英语四级考试中，出题人会给出一篇240-300字的短文，从中去掉20个词，要求考生从每个题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、结构完整。
完型填空的测试点及解题方法从表面来看，就是要求考生把每个句子中删掉的词恢复出来。而实际上，四级考试中的完型填空综合了词汇、结构以及阅读理解部分的测试内容。它不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上（如连贯性和一致性等）综合运用语言结构的能力。完型填空中所填的词是与文章的上下文紧密联系的。因此，要做好完型填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。
二．完型填空考试的特点和测试点：
(一)完型的特点：
文章体裁基本上都是以议论文和说明文为主，极个别时会有夹叙夹议，极偶尔时会有叙述文；文章不会太长（２４０－３００）；一般会有鲜明的主题；有完整的形式；简洁明了；经常采用总分结构；一般来说第一句都是主题句；每隔４－１５个词会有一个空；任何一个空都是整篇文章的一部分；做题时要考虑整篇文章的信息背景而不是一句话的信息背景；
(二)完型考试的测试点：
阅读能力：对文章整体的把握和理解（要读出文章的主题；读出文章的导向或作者态度）;要读懂文章上下段、上下句之间的关系；还要读懂句子内部结构；
英语知识运用的能力：语法（占２０％－３０％）; 习惯用语（占１０％）; 词义的辨析和使用（占６０％－７０％）;
(三)完型题的关键考点：
词义辨析题，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等的词义辨析，形近次辨析等；
语义搭配题，考查上下文的连贯性、语篇衔接、逻辑关系、习惯用语和固定用法搭配等；
语法题，考查时态、语态、主谓一致、分词用法、不定式、独立成分、语序等；
文化常识和背景知识题等。
(四)以往完型题中词性的分布：
１动词（２０％）；２名词（１６％）；３形容词和副词（２４％）
实词——容易出词义辨析
４连词（１６％）；５介词（１０％）；６代词（１０％）
虚词——容易考语法和习惯搭配
(五)完形填空考试变化的规律：
从题量来看：
在２０００年以前为老题型，１０道题，文章长度在１５０－１８０字左右；
在２００１年以后题量增加到２０道题，文章长度在２４０－３００字左右。分值还是１０分；
从题材来看：
在９６年以前以科普类文章为主；时态比较简单，一般以现在时为主；文章结构简单，句子以判断句为主；
从９７年以后以社会科学类文章为主；按大趋势来说社科类文章会占主流；新题型大量使用了复杂句（复合句），句子内部结构复杂；
(六)完形填空考试复习方向：
最近几年的的完型文章，往往选取反映社会时事，介绍英美社会热点话题的内容，如20005年12月考试选文为议论文，讲述飞行医疗紧急救助的问题；2005年1月考试为说明文，内容是如何理智消费，作聪明买家；2004年6月考试为议论文，探讨美国的历史教育问题；2003年12月考试为说明文，介绍美国学生课后作业的情况；2002年1月考试为记叙文，讲述外国人在美观看电影的经历和感受。
由此可见，四级完型考试文章多以议论文和说明文为主，内容也往往聚焦英美社会的社会时事、教育、文化和科技等领域，同时也与当今大学生的思想息息相关，这使得绝大部分考生都能比较容易而迅速地切入文章内容，从而进一步梳理文章脉络，明晰解题思路。今后的考试中，最有可能出现的还是这些类型的文章，同时会与西方社会的社会、文化、科技等领域乃至国际热点问题紧密联系。
因此，考生在平时的学习和备考中，应扩大阅读的层面和范围，加强对时文和说明文的阅读广度和深度，多浏览一些如Readers Digest, China Daily等刊物和报纸的文章；提高对英美文化和社会状况的认知度，强化自身的综合语言分析能力，激发关注时事和热点问题的敏感度，从而可以胸有成竹，在真正的考试实战中做到有的放矢，游刃有余。
三．解题步骤
根据完型填空这些测试特点，在做题时，应采取以下五个步骤逐一进行。
步骤一，了解大意
所谓了解大意即通读整篇文章，主要弄清文章的大意和结构，把握文章的主题导向或者作者的态度，确立正确的背景知识，为正式的填空做好充分的准备。很多考生担心自己的阅读水平差，有的甚至碰到空格的地方就莫名的紧张了，认为阅读一篇满是空格的文章必然无功而返，与其这样浪费时间，倒不如看一句，填一空。其实，这就陷入了一个误区。要知道，短文中的空格不是随便就去掉的，从考察应试者语言的综合能力这一可信度而言，完型填空在出题时有这样一条原则：去掉20个空格后不会影响考生对文章大意的了解。所以，考生在正式填空前，大可不必为理解上的障碍而省略了这至关重要的一步。此外，考生在第一遍阅读中，要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构，并结合常识判断构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。通常情况下，文章开头的一、两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想，考生在阅读中一定要仔细研读，为后面的阅读扫清障碍。
步骤二，初选答案
文章读完了，了解大意后，考生便可以开始填空了。在填每个空格时，可以从出题者的出题思路着手，初步作出每个题的答案。总的来说，出题人有以下六种出思路。
(一)词义与词形的辨析。
选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时出题者也借助选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。
举例：Geographers compare and contrast 71 places on the earth.
71. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous
译文：地理学家比较和对照地球上的什么地方。
很明显要求填一个形容词来修饰places. 如果单从语法的角度而言，A、B、C、D四个选项都能入选，出题者精心设计只为考察compare和contrast的精确含义。compare意为to exam for similarities and differences, contrast意为to compare in order to show differences。综合两个词的含义，应为"找出其相似之处与不同之处"。这样一来，答案不言自明。既然不同与相同皆不可抛，答案A）必然错误，"similar"（相似的）只揭示了两者的相同、相似，未照应不同，故必不入选。而答案C）distant "遥远的"、D) famous"著名的"均与"相似与不同"不搭界，所以也一并排除掉，剩下B）various"各种各样"为正确答案。"各种各样"既囊括相似之处，又溶入"不同几许"，既照应compare，又体现了contrast的含义。所以考生在应试时对于某些重点单词的理解，不能只局限于中文，而应从英文的角度，逐字理解。
(二)逻辑关系。
所填空格的句子，与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。
上下文逻辑关系的考察，是完形填空区别于单纯的句子与结构测试中最重要的一点。不仅在国内考试中，在美国研究生入学考试（GRE）中，也常常考到考生运用逻辑关系解题的能力。试举一例：
文中提到：
The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 77 , what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system...
77. A) otherwise B) moreover C) however D) also
根据上下文，空格前的意思为"外籍研究学者通常把自己隔离在实验室里作为一种保护的手段"。空格后为"他需要融入的是高度的组织化的大学系统"。前者是一种孤离的状态"isolate"，而后者都是一种组织化的系统"be fitted to a highly organized university"，从逻辑的角度而言，前后已然成为对立、矛盾的关系。所以77空所填的连词必然是能将前后平衡的表示对比（转折）关系的连词however.
(三)结构识别
这里讲到的结构，是指英文中表祯句子结构的固定词组，如“not only …but …, as well, some … the others …, still others …”等。
(四)固定搭配
这里的固定搭配，是指动词与名词之间的搭配。如：同样是“利用……”,却有不同的搭配take advantage of sth. /make use of sth.
(五)动词的用法
考生应从动词的时态、语态（被动语态和主动语态）以及非谓语动词 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）几个角度逐一考虑。
(六)介词的用法
介词的用法中多考察介词与名词、介词与形容词及及介词与动词的搭配和用法。除了按照以上六种思路从正面逐一解题外，考生还可以灵活多变地从反面入手，利用排除法获得正确答案。
步骤三，寻找线索
完型填空不同于句子与结构，必须要从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑，结合上下文答案，寻找线索就秉诚了这一思想。有些题从单纯的句子来考虑，我们会发现四个选项均可以入选，但从上下文的线索入手，就能迅速排除其它三个，找到正确答案，从某种意义上来说，“寻找线索”不仅可以考察考生的语言知识，而且更强调对文章内容的整体把握。
步骤四，回头补缺
在做题时，如果有的难题一时做不出来，应立刻跳过此题，继续往下做。不提倡考生在某一题上花费大量的时间。道理不言自明，只要考生坚持往下做，随着空格变得越来越少，对文章的理解也越来越轻松，有时就能从下文的线索和暗示中找到答案，这样再回过头来填上答案，也未为晚也。
步骤五，核实答案
题目填完后（除个别难度较大的题目外），考生应利用一到两分钟将答案带入原文通读，通读的目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来，不仅可以改正填错的词，而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发，把做不上来的题目填出来。
综上所述，这五个步骤在整个完型填空的做题过程中缺一不可。对文章大意的了解是前提条件，答案的初选是做题的核心，在这一过程中，除了逻辑关系以外，其余5种出题思路更主要的是针对考生平时的积累和记忆的程度，考察考生的语言功底。完型填空的成功离不开对篇章的整体把握，孤立地、片面地看待每个题目，终会使你失望而归。
四．解题策略
在具体解题时，要学会推测考点，弄清楚该题是测试对篇章的掌握还是语法结构的考核，对不同的考点要具体问题具体分析，运用不同的解题策略。采用以下解题策略锦囊可以帮助考生有效提高阅读效率和答题准确度，增强考生对不同类型文章考查要点的破解能力。掌握并灵活应用这些策略和规律，可以在实战中高屋建瓶，触类旁通。
策略一：利用词汇知识，根据语篇结构、逻辑关系、句法、固定搭配和习惯用法来解题。1. Most of them are not _________, fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. (2005.12 CET-4)
A. significant
B. heavy
C. common
D. serious
解析: 答案为D。根据文章内容可推断飞机上大部分的不适并不严重。
2. One third have no ____68____ when the Declaration of Independence was ___69___（2004.6 CET-4）
68. A．sense B．doubt C．reason D．idea
69. A. printed B．signed C．marked D. edited
解析: 68题答案为D，69题答案为B。这两题分别考查名词和动词的用法，have no idea
表示对……不了解，一无所知；签署独立宣言，动词用sign。
3. The former focuses on the natural world；the _____ starts with human being. (1991.6 CET-4)
A ．second
B ．later C．next D．latter
解析：答案为D. latter。在英语中为了避免重复，对上文所提及的事或名词，当后面再次提到时，常常用the former（前者），the latter（后者）来代替。
4. Unlike other social roles that we are expected to ___69___ as citizens，employees，members of professional societies and ___70___ organizations, - it has its own principle, …（2001. 6 CET-4）
69. A. play B．keep C. show D. do
70. A. those B．all C. any D. other
解析: 69题答案为A. 因为在由that引导从句的先行词是role,所以只有动词play与之搭配。
70题答案为D. 由于此空前面已经提到一些团体和组织，所以再提及其他组织时就要other.
5. These students take special ___72___to prepare for advanced study.（1998. 6 CET-4）
A. majors B．disciplines C．courses D. subjects
解析: 这是一个词法题。选项A. majors的意思为“所学的专业”；选项B. disciplines意为“纪律”；选项C. courses为“课程”；选项D. subjects意为“学科”。从整句话意思来看，应选C. courses，符合题意。
6. Do something else for a couple of minutes，___73___ the name may come into your head. (1995.1 CET4)
A. unless
B. and
C. or
D. until
解析: 答案为B. and。此题前面是个祈使句，空前有一个逗号。很明显这是一个祈使句加上and的句型，形成并列结构。
7. Under ___89___ circumstances must a child be coaxed（哄骗）___90___ forced to eat.（1997.6 CET-4）
89．A. some B. any C. such D. no
90．A. or B. nor C. but D. neither
解析: 89题答案为D. no. 倒装句中短语under no circumstances表示否定，意为“决不”。
90题答案为A. or,根据题意，孩子无论何时都不能哄骗或者强迫吃饭，应该填A. or。
8. Students can learn the right answer___82___ heart in class，and yet never combine them ___83___ their working models of the world．（2000. 1 CET-4）
82. A. to B．by C. in D. with
83. A. with B．into C. to D. along
解析: 82题答案为B. by, 83题答案为A. with。这两题是在考查学生掌握固定搭配的能力。
learn sth by heart是“把某事记在心里”。而combine sth with sth是“把某东西和某东西混合起来。”这是两个固定的词组。
9. Unless professors addresses___88___ errors in students’ personal models of he world, students are not ___89___ to replace them with ___90___ ones.（2000. 1 CET-4）
88. A. general B．natural C. similar D. specific
89. A. obliged B．likely C. probable D. partial
90. A. perfect B．better C. reasonable D. correct
解析: 这是个综合题。
88题答案为D. specific。根据题意，“除非老师指出学生个人对世界的看法中的特别谬误，否则学生不可能用正确的去取代这些谬误”。
89题根据句法，答案为B. likely。
90题要“瞻前顾后”答案为D。因为在这句话的所在的段落前一段落里面有correct一词。
10. Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the ________ between the two tall heads in front of me.（2002. 1 CET-4）
A. crack B．blank C. break D. opening
解析: 答案为D. 根据文章内容可知：我必须通过前面两个高个之间的空才能看到电影，此题考查名词的辨析。
策略二：瞻前顾后，全面权衡，充分利用上下文的照应关系和语感。
提示：答案在选择空项上文之中。解题时要注意“瞻前”。
1. The recent surveys on _________ illiteracy are beginning to numb，nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even identify which countries the United States fought against in that war.（2004. 6 CET-4）
A. historical
B. educational
C. cultural
D. political
解析: 答案为A。从上文内容可知：美国年轻人对历史知识的缺乏了解令人忧虑，因此通过“瞻前”可确定正确选项。
2. But they are not enough. Something ___73___ was needed to start the industrial process. （1995. 6 CET-4）
A. else B．near C．extra D．similar
解析: 答案为A. else。答案可以从前一句中找到线索。前一句说，“仅有前面提到的那些因素是不够的。”由此可知工业革命的开始还需要许多其他因素，本空前的词something 可以与else连用。
3. There are four types of blood. ___77___ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race.（1998. 1 CET-4）
A ．No
B ．Most C．All D．Some
解析: 答案为C. All。前一句话提到有四种血型。此空是说这四种（即所有的）的血型在每一个种族都存在。
提示：答案在选择空项下文之中。解题时要注意“顾后”
4. In the race to improve educational standards, ________are throwing the books at kids. （2003. 12 CET-4）
A. officials B ．parents C．experts D. schools
解析: 答案为B。此句与相隔的下一句What's a well-meaning parent to do?形成对应，由此可以轻松的确定答案。
5. Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by ________ of cries: for example, many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger.（2003．1 CET-4）
A. ways B．means C. methods D. approaches
解析: 答案可以从后一句中找到提示：But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language.正确选项为B。
6. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper，she informed everyone that the pilot had___76___ and asked if any the passengers knew anything about machine-or at least how to drive a car. （1994. 1 CET-4）
A ．fallen
B ．failed C．faded D．fainted
解析: 答案应为D. fainted。根据下文线索“乘务员问是否有人懂机械或至少会开车”，我们可知飞机驾驶员出了什么事，需要有人代替他的工作。在这四个选项中，D. fainted意为“晕倒，”与下文相符。
7. The initial effort to recall ___77___ the mind for operations，…．（1995. 6 CET-4）
A. leads B ．begins C. helps D. prepares
解析: 答案为D. prepares,由于后面的介词for的存在，因此选项只能是prepares。
策略三：利用文化常识，生活常识和背景知识解题。
1. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty _________，but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their bloods. （2005.12 CET-4）
A. harshly B．reluctantly C. easily D. casually
解析: 答案为C. 由生活中的飞行常识和文章内容可以确定选项。
2. Monkeys utter _________ cries，such as expressions of anger，fear and pleasure.（200
3.1CET-4）
A ．identical B．similar C．different D．unfamiliar
解析: 答案为C。根据背景知识和文意，综合词汇知识可确定选项。此句的意思为：猴子可以发出不同的叫声，例如表达愤怒、恐惧和高兴的声音。
3. It shook violently as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly ___90___ the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.（199
4. 1 CET-4）
A. around B．over C. along D. above
解析: 此题答案为C. along. 此题句意为：当飞机触及地面时，它剧烈地抖动起来，然后滑行降落。根据常识可知，飞机降落是沿跑道速滑后逐渐安全停住的，所以应选C. along。
4. On summer night，on my way home from work I decided to see a movie．I knew the theatre would be air-conditioned and I couldn’t face my ___71___ apartment.（2002. 1 CET- 4）
A ．warm B．hot C．heated D．cool
解析: 答案为B. hot。根据常识可知，夏天会很炎热。
5. The task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students, long ___71___ they graduate from high school.（1998. 6 CET-4）
A ．as B．before C．since D．after
解析: 答案为B. before。根据文化知识，美国大学在大学生高中毕业之前就在进行接收和招收学生的工作。
五。实战演练
我们结合这篇2004年1月考过的文章来分析一下并给大家讲一下如何做新四级综合的完型填空。
Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
It's an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that 71 evening you're burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, 72 are throwing the books at kids. 73 elementary school students are complaining of homework 74. What's a well-meaning parent to do?
As hard as 75 may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you've got to get them to do it, 76 helping too much, or even examining 77 too carefully, you may keep them 78 doing it by themselves. “I wouldn't advise a parent to check every 79 assignment,” says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “There's a 80 of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children 81 the grade they deserve.”
Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 82. But “you don't want them to feel it has to be 83,” she say s.
That's not to say parents should 84 homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids 85. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 86 four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it sh ould be “ 87 more than an hour and a half,” and two for high-school students. If your child 88 has more homework than this, you may want to check 89 other parents and then talk to the teacher about 90 assignment.
71. ［A］very ［B］exact ［C］right ［D］usual
72. ［A］officials ［B］parents ［C］experts ［D］schools
73. ［A］Also ［B］Even ［C］Then ［D］However
74. ［A］fatigue ［B］confusion ［C］duty ［D］puzzle
75. ［A］there ［B］we ［C］they ［D］it
76. ［A］via ［B］under ［C］by ［D］for
77. ［A］questions ［B］answers ［C］standards ［D］rules
78. ［A］off ［B］without ［C］beyond ［D］from
79. ［A］single ［B］piece ［C］page ［D］other
80. ［A］drop ［B］short ［C］cut ［D］lack
81. ［A］acquire ［B］earn ［C］gather ［D］reach
82. ［A］exercises ［B］defects ［C］mistakes ［D］tests
83. ［A］perfect ［B］better ［C］unusual ［D］complete
84. ［A］forget ［B］refuse ［C］miss ［D］ignore
85. ［A］have ［B］prepare ［C］make ［D］perform
86. ［A］classes ［B］groups ［C］grades ［D］terms
87. ［A］about ［B］no ［C］much ［D］few
88. ［A］previously ［B］rarely ［C］merely ［D］consistently
89. ［A］with ［B］in ［C］out ［D］up
90. ［A］finishing ［B］lowering ［C］reducing ［D］declining
文章大意:
谈到每年学校的日常生活是，早上你挥手说再见，而在那天晚上点灯学习到兴深夜让人同情。为了提高教学质量，学校把课本丢给了孩子，学生正在报怨作业所带来的疲惫。善良的家长该做些什么？
专家建议尽管很难做到，但要冷静和放松。尽管你已经让孩子做作业了，但如果帮助太多或甚至检察孩子的答案，你可能会阻止他们自已做题。“我不并建议家长检查孩子的每个作业。”心理学家John Rosemond，结束辛苦的作业的作者。缺乏对于尝试和错误的认可，让你的孩子获得他们该有的分数。
很多专家相信父母应该检查并启发孩子认识作业当中的错误，但是家长不要让孩子们觉得一切(家庭作业)必须是完美的，这并不代表父母可以忽略家庭作业。首先他们应该监控他们的孩子有多少家庭作业.初中每天1、5小时，随着年级上升作业时间有所增加(按标准),.R说.对于高中生应该多于一个半小时是二个小时.如果你的孩子一直比这个标准多,你应该和其他家长确认一下,和老师谈一下减少作业的事.
答案分析：
71. 正确答案：A
题型分析：逻辑关系定位题：关键词and。和前面的one morning后面是that evening，因此所填词是用来加强语气的，表示“又是同一天的晚上”。因此正确答案为［A］。
72. 正确答案：D
题型分析：语法结构分析题：本题前面出现了不定式to improve educational standards，所需要的词明显应该是此不定式短语的逻辑主语，因此，在这里学校作为行为主体合乎逻辑。
73. 正确答案：B
题型分析：逻辑关系定位题：前面讲“学校给学生布置大量作业”，后面这句应该是表达“甚至连小学生都抱怨作业多”进一步的体现作业多。因此应选［B］。
74. 正确答案：A
题型分析：因果关系分析题：本题虽然没有因果关系词，但可以大量的作业自然导致学生疲劳，而本文的第一句话直接告诉我们，学生学习到深夜因此正确答案应为［A］。
75. 正确答案：D
题型分析：无关词排除题：此处句子意思为“尽管可能很难做到，但专家建议要放松、镇静。”从句子结构上分析，空格处需要填一个代词来指代后面的sit back and chill，四个选项中只有it可以指代短语而其他三个选项带进去完全逻辑不通。
76. 正确答案：C
题型分析：空格前面是目的，后面是手段，明显应该使用介词by，并置于动名词前，以表示方法、手段和原因。
77. 正确答案：B
题型分析：逻辑关系定位题：根据上下文，家长检查的应该是answers。
78. 正确答案：D
题型分析：固定搭配题：这是一个典型的固定搭配keep sb. from doing sth.表示“阻止某人做某事”。
79. 正确答案：A
题型分析：语法结构分析题：所填词用来修饰assignment，every经常和single连用，用来修饰单数可数名词，具有强调意味。
80. 正确答案：D
题型分析：逻辑关系定位题：四个选项均可与a...of形成搭配，但符合语义的只有a lack of“缺乏…”。
81. 正确答案：B
题型分析：固定搭配题：需要一个动词和grade进行搭配，根据上下文的逻辑，应该是“赢得，获取”的意思，所以正确答案应该是［B］。
82. 正确答案：A
题型分析：逻辑关系定位题：前面是look over work，后面是rethink，中间是and的并列关系，自然应该选择与work相同意思的词语，只有［A］符合这一要求。
83. 正确答案：A
题型分析：逻辑关系定位题：由转折词but推断，文章此处的意思是“家长应该检查并启发孩子认识作业当中的错误，但是家长不要让孩子们觉得一切(家庭作业)必须…”，可见此处如果填入“完美”的话，就能使句子前后符合逻辑。
84. 正确答案：D
题型分析：逻辑关系定位题：前面强调父母不应该让孩子觉得必须完美，后面与前面是明显的转折关系，表达的意思应该是“这并不代表父母可以忽略家庭作业”。四个选项中只有［D］符合语意。
85. 正确答案：A
题型分析：固定搭配题：本题需要选择的是一个动词和homework形成动宾搭配，所以首先排除make与perform，因为它们不能与homework搭配，而prepare 与上下文不符，所以只能用have。
86. 正确答案：C
题型分析：固定搭配题：表示年级的时候用的名词应该是grade，正确答案为［C］。
87. 正确答案：B
题型分析：从上下文可知，随着年级上升，作业时间有所增加，小学高年级学生作业时间为一个小时，而高中生是两个小时，所以初中生应介于二者之间，不超过1.5小时，因此选［B］，no more than表示“不超过”。
88. 正确答案：D
题型分析：这里文章的意思是“如果你的孩子总是作业比这个水平多，你就应该去找别的家长核对或找老师讨论减少作业。”所以选［D］。
89. 正确答案：A
题型分析：四个选项均可与check搭配，check with是固定搭配，表示“核查…，核对…”，用在此处符合句意。
90. 正确答案：C
题型分析：根据上文可知，此处要填表示“减少(作业)”的词，因此首先可以排除选项［A］finishing。另外declining是不及物动词，后面不应有宾语。lowering往往指高度的降低，因此正确答案应为［C］。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s46 I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and 52 .to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I' m still putting to use what he 55 me：“the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my60 as a journalist. 41. A put forward B jumped at C tried out D turned down 42. A waste B earn C save D pay 43. A excited B worried C moved D tired 44. A title B competitor C textbook D instructor 45. A urged B demanded C held D meant 46. A fastest B easiest C best D rarest 47. A interview B meet C challenge D beat 48. A chance B qualification C honor D job 49. A real B perfect C clear D possible 50. A attend B pass C skip D observe 51. A add B expose C apply D compare 52. A eventually B naturally C directly D normally 53. A game B presentation C course D experiment 54. A criterion B classroom C department D situation 55. A taught B wrote C questioned D promised 56. A fact B step C manner D skill 57. A grades B decisions C impressions D comments 58. A analyze B describe C rebuild D control 59. A announce B signal C block D evaluate 60. A role B desire C concern D behavior
高二英语完形填空试题(有答案和解析) 一、高中英语完形填空 1．阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 Once there was a farmer in Africa named Hafiz who was happy and content. One day a(n) 1 man came to him and told him about the glory of diamonds and the 2 that goes along with them. The wise man said, "If you had a diamond the size of your thumb, you could have your own city. If you had a diamond the size of your fist, you could probably own your own 3 ." With that said, he went away. That night the farmer couldn't 4 . He was unhappy and he was 5 . The next morning he sold off his farm, took care of his family and went 6 diamonds. He looked all over Africa and couldn't find any. He looked all through Europe and couldn't find any. When he got to Spain, he was emotionally, 7 and financially broke. He got so 8 that he threw himself into Barcelona River and committed suicide. Back home, the person who had 9 his farm was watering the camels at a 10 that ran through the farm. Across the stream, the rays of the morning sun hit a stone and made it 11 like a rainbow. He picked up the stone and 12 it in the living room. That afternoon the wise man came and saw the stone sparkling. He asked, "Is Hafiz 13 ?" The new owner said, " No, why do you ask?" The wise man said, "Because that is a diamond. I recognize one 14 I see one." The man said, "No, that's just a stone I 15 from the stream. Come, I'll show you. There are many more." They went and picked some samples and sent them for 16 . Sure enough, the stones were diamonds. They found that the farm was indeed 17 with diamonds. When our 18 is right, we realize that we are all walking on acres and acres of diamonds. Opportunity is always under our feet. We don't have to go anywhere. All we need to do is 19 it. When people don't know how to recognize opportunity, they complain of 20 when it knocks. The same opportunity never knocks twice. The next one may be better or worse, but it is never the same one. 1. A. young B. wise C. old D. poor 2. A. history B. meaning C. power D. legend 3. A. country B. house C. factory D. farm 4. A. eat B. wake C. stand D. sleep 5. A. tired B. discontent C. confused D. sick 6. A. in search of B. in need of C. by name of D. by way of 7. A. similarly B. gradually C. actually D. physically 8. A. puzzled B. discouraged C. impatient D. exhausted 9. A. robbed B. seized C. paid D. bought 10. A. pool B. river C. stream D. lake 11. A. smooth B. sparkle C. rise D. flow
高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力，首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空，我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题：什么是完形填空？第二个问题：完形填空的特点是什么？第三个问题：学生存在的问题是什么？第四个问题：如何解完形填空？第五个问题：平时如何训练？只有解决了这五个问题，才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空？ 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么？ 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点： ⑴短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定，一般在250～300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么？ 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础，但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面：
One【2018届上海市西南位育高三英语上学期10月试题】 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the ___41___one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not __42____to do the work, that most people do not listen well. Listening well also requires total ____43____upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or ___44___your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. ____45____, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary ____46____ of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to____47____up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be _____48____ only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth. Most of the time we____49____ this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening _____50____. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain_____51_____ results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in to hear. listening, or we simply____52____ to listen to what we don’t want It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic. In about a quarter of the patients I saw, ____53_____ improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the____54_____of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for __55____ that he or she this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient’s __
（英语）英语完形填空专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、完形填空 1．阅读下面短文，掌握大意, 然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Do you know anything about the invention of the bar code（条形码）? A small food store owner found it was 1 to keep records of the product information. In 1948, he asked the Drexel Institute of Technology to solve this 2 . Bernard Silver, a graduate student, was 3 . He and his friend Norman Joseph Woodland 4 to work on it. 5 , they invented their first working system. The system did work 6 , but it was very expensive and 7 the system didn't work well. If the invention was to become 8 in stores, the problems had to be solved. Finally, Woodland solved 9 . The patent （专利权） for the bar code system was 10 for by Silver and Woodland in 1949, but the patent was not given until 1952. 11 this patent was given, the system was still not popular 12 store owners. In 1970, a business named Logicon Inc. 13 the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code （通用杂货产品识别码）. Marsh Supermarket in Troy was the first store to 14 this bar code reading system. It has become very popular ever since, and now it's 15 in all types of stores all over the world. 1. A. easy B. difficult C. interesting D. boring 2. A. plan B. problem C. project D. doubt 3. A. bored B. tired C. interested D. surprised 4. A. started B. continued C. refused D. failed 5. A. First B. Soon C. Recently D. Exactly 6. A. at first B. for example C. on time D. in person 7. A. often B. seldom C. sometimes D. never 8. A. lively B. cheap C. direct D. popular 9. A. it B. him C. her D. them 10. A. asked B. offered C. made D. divided 11. A. Unless B. Although C. If D. Since 12. A. between B. among C. during D. in 13. A. found B. mentioned C. invented D. remained 14. A. give up B. put up C. set up D. clean up 15. A. repaired B. tried C. learned D. used 【答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）C；（4）A；（5）B；（6）A；（7）C；（8）D；（9）D；（10）A；（11）B；（12）B；（13）C；（14）C；（15）D； 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了条形码的发展历史。 （1）句意：一个小食品店老板发现保存产品信息的记录是非常困难的。A容易的，B困 难的，C有趣的，D无聊的，根据he asked the Drexel Institute of Technology to solve他要求 德雷克塞尔理工学院解决，可知要解决的都是难题，故是困难的，故选B。
2019全国卷1高考英语完形填空答案详细解析 【预览部分】 【完形填空答案与详细解析】 【主旨大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要介绍乞力马扎罗山的垃圾污染问题以及当地管理机构努力治理之后环境的改观。本文就游客对乞力马扎罗山自然环境的破坏展开论述，对山体环境进行介绍，意在引起人们对于自然环境的重视。 41. D。考查动词词义辨析。译文：每年有40,000人到非洲最高的山脉乞力马扎罗山（Kilimanjaro）旅游，他们带来了许多废品垃圾。解答此题根本不用费什么心思，读完第一、第二句马上就明白：此题是因果逻辑推断题，即第一句是原因，第41空句是结果。根据前文Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知每年都有很多人去游览乞力马扎罗山，由此可推测该空是说游客将垃圾废物随身带到了山上。keep with意为“把……与……放一起”；mix with意为“（使）与……混合/结合”；connect with意为“与……连接”；bring sth. with sb. 意为“某人随身带来……”；故只有选项D切题。故选D。 42.C。考查名词词义辨析。译文：拥挤的人群破坏了美丽的乞力马扎罗山。此题仍然属于因果关系推断题。根据上一句Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知，每年有大约四万人游览乞力马扎罗山，所以此处是指游客所造成的破坏，由此推断出本题答案是crowds（拥挤的人群）。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。故选C。 【正文】 第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place —other destinations are described as “purer” natural
完形填空练习 【考点分析】主要考查语法知识、单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对基础相对薄弱的学生，尤其是英语语法基础相对薄弱的学生有一定的难度。 【复习策略】掌握句子的基本结构 首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构： （1）主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补） （2）主语+系动词+表语 其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类： （1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。 （2）充当谓语的一定是动词。 （3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。 （4）在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。 （5）作状语的典型词类是副词。 再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类： （1）用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that 等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。 （3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子
结构来分析。） （4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。 【解题方法】用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。 【经典例题】阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。 The Internet has become part of young people’s life. ____1____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _____2____ (use) information on the Internet ____3____ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it _____4____ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites ____5____ shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen ____6___ students spen d too much time on the Internet. _____7____ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _____8____ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make ____9____ on the Internet. But if you want
全国高考英语完型填空真 题汇编含答案 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020
2018新课标Ⅰ卷 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and 52 .to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I' m still putting to use what he 55 me：“the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A put forward B jumped at C tried out D turned down 42. A waste B earn C save D pay 43. A excited B worried C moved D tired 44. A title B competitor C textbook D instructor
After the birth of my second child，I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced____1____for a few days，I was____ 2____to wait tables on my own. All went____3____that first week. When Saturday night came，I was luckily____4____the tables not far from the kitchen，____5____，I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays . Before I knew it，the____6____was full of people. I moved s lowly ,____7____every step. I remember how____8____I was when I saw th e tray stand near the tables，it looked different from the one I was____9____on. It had nice handles，which made it____10____to move a round. I was pleased with everything and began to____11____I was a n atural at this job. Then，an old man came to me and said，“Excuse me，dear，my wife and I loved____12____you work. It seems y our tray stand has been very____13____to you，but we are getting re ady to____14____now，and my wife needs her____15____back. ” At first his____16____did not get across. “What was he talking a bout!”Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wife’s orthopedi c walker . I stood frozen as ice，but my face was____17____ I wan ted to get into a hole and____18____. Since then，I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just____19____. I have learned to be more____20____and not to be t oo sure of myself. 1. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress 2. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised 3. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong 4. A. left B. given C. brought D. shown 5. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. finally 6. A. kitchen B. street C. restaurant D. table 7. A. minding B. changing C. taking D. saving 8. A. angry B. calm C. sad D. happy 9. A. fixed B. trained C. loaded D. waited 10. A. slower B. lighter C. quieter D. easier 11. A. believe B. agree C. regret
2011全国卷 第二节完形填空20,J、题；每小题1．5分，满分30分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后个体所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出也已填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。 In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago. The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆),and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 Answer, and went on saying, ”You have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 42 your own senses.” Twenty years later, the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknowns world invisible(无形的) to the 46 , which can be discovered only through scientific 47 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world .And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 54 .”The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”36．A．art B．history C. science D. math 37．A．searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into 38．A．count B. guess C. report D. watch 39．A．warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to 40．A．ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult 41．A．learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken 42．A．lose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken 43．A．lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman 44．A．described B. respected C. saw D. served 45．A．voyage B. movement C. change D. rush 46．A．professor B．eye C．knowledge D．light 47．A．model B．senses C．spirit D．methods 48．A．hear B. make C．present D．refuse 49．A．suggesting B．beginning C．pretending D．waiting 50．A．believed B．doubted C．proved D．explained 51．A．growth B．strength C．faith D．truth 52．A．firm B. interesting C．wrong D．acceptable 53．A．task B．tool C．success D．action 54．A．cruel B．proud C．frightened D．brave 55．A．dropped B．started C．passed D．missed - 1 - / 2