rather than 用法小结
rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：
1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：
She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：
(1) 连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2) 连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
(4) 连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
(5) 连接两个不定式
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。
(6) 连接两个动词
He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。
注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。
would rather的用法
一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。
例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would r ather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink wine than beer．他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
2)使用woul d rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前
例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？
Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？
四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。
例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。
请注意 1）如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。
2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。
例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods．他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。
五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner 之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。
例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk．汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。
例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer．他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf．我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。 2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。
3） would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。
例I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly．我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：
例—Would you like some gin？
—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗？
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。
4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。
例We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air．我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。
Keep的用法： keep vt., vi. kept, keeping 保留；保守 I keep old letters.我保存旧信。 I'll keep the original copy of your report on file. 我会把你报告的原件归档的。 It's an interesting suggestion and we'll keep it on ice." 这是一项有趣的建议,我们将留待以后考虑采用。" 保持；继续 We will keep on trying and, if we get anything done, will notify you. 我们将继续努力，有结果将通知你。 Leaders shouldn't keep themselves aloof from the masses. 领导人决不应该脱离群众。 Keep calm!安静! You shouldn't keep chopping and changing like this; you'd better make up your mind right now! "你不能再这样变化无常了,最好现在就拿定主意!" 遵守 He keeps to his promise.他守约。 "Everyone should keep discipline, and you, officers are no exception." "每个人都应该遵守纪律,你们军官也不例外。" 保卫；保护 Keep the baby warm.别把婴儿冻着。（常与from连用）防止；抑制 Keep one's temper。抑制住不发脾气。 Keep a curb on your anger.请抑制住怒气。 扣留；留下 Please keep me a place in the queue.请在队里给我留个位置。 赡养；饲养 to keep a dog养狗 Farmers usually keep chickens in their backyard. 农民们通常在自己的后院养鸡。 经营；经销；管理 to keep a shop开商店 to keep house治家 （常与from连用）远离；不接触 Keep away from the scene of the accident.勿靠近事故现场。 Their dog looked dangerous, we decided to keep our distance from it. 他们家那条狗样子很凶恶,因此我们决定离它远一点。 But the stone walls keep the farmer's cows from joining his neighbor's cows. 但是石头墙使这家农民的母牛不会加入到邻居的牛群中去。
would rather,rather than与other than 用法总结would rather, rather than 与other than 这三个短语形式相近,意思相关,用法值得总结。 一、would rather的用法： 首先，我们注意到would do ...rather than do与would rather do...than do,这两个短语均是“宁可做...而不做...”的意思。其实，这两个短语非常容易掌握。Would是can系列情态动词（can, may, must，could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, shall, will）,其后必接动词原形。rather than是一个并列连词,根据对等原则，其后自然也接动词原形。如： She'd rather die than surrender.=She'd die rather than surrender. ①would do ...rather than do...与would rather do...than do…也可以颠倒为： rather than do…would do …。若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词还可以省略。如： I would rather have noodles than rice. Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. ②would rather do…than…, than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。如： I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. ③ would rather 的否定形式为would rather not do ...。 He’d rather not work in the city than in the city countryside. 在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前 Would you rather stay here than go home? Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? Would you rather read a novel than read a poem? ④would rather that…that后接虚拟语气。如： He would rather that he got back home right now. ⑤如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。如： I would rather have gone to the movies than stayed home night. He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 其次，我们还要知道would prefer to do...rather than (to ) do...也是“宁可做...而不做...”的意思。这个短语的对等形式是Rather than do...would prefer to do...,只是此时rather than后必须省略to；“宁可做..”.的内容放在would prefer to do...之后，“而不做...”的内容放在rather than...之后，不能弄错。 We would prefer to listen to the teacher attentively in class rather than stay up late. Rather than stay up late we would prefer to listen to the teacher attentively in class. 再次，我们要知道结构：would rather do…than do…，与prefer doing... to doing...和prefer sth. to sth的区别与联系。如： He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 最后，would rather do = would prefer to do I’d rather fly than go by sea．= I’d prefer to fly． 顺便提及would prefer to do这个短语中不能省略to的原因是would like/love/prefer 用法与want一样，所以其后接动词时必须接to。 二、rather than的用法。 rather than “而不是”之意。其实，前面would do...rather than do...,would prefer to do...rather than do... 已经涉及到rather than 的具体用法。下面只是补充一下。正如前面谈到的它是一个并列连词,它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不
A. “More than＋名词”表示“不仅仅是” 1)Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 2)Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. We need more than material wealth to build our country.建设我们国家，不仅仅需要物质财富. B. “More than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如： 3)I have known David for more than 20 years. 4)Let's carry out the test with more than the sample copy. More than one person has made this suggestion. 不止一人提过这个建议. C. “More than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如： 5)In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 6)I assure you I am more than glad to help you. D. more than + (that)从句，其基本意义是“超过（=over）”，但可译成“简直不”“远非”.难以，完全不能（其后通常连用情态动词can） --That is more than I can understand . 那非我所能懂的. --That is more than I can tell. 那事我实在不明白。 --The heat there was more than he could stand. 那儿的炎热程度是他所不能忍受的 此外，“more than”也在一些惯用语中出现，如： --More often than not （经常），people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give. ---All of us are more than a little concerned about（非常关心）the current economic problems more...than 的用法 1. 比……多，比……更 He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。 He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。 2. 与其……不如 He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 He is more （a）scholar than （a）teacher. 与其说他是位教师，不如说他是位学者。 注：该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较，其中的比较级必须用加more 的形式，不能用加词尾-er 的形式。 no more than 与not more than 1. no more than 的意思是“仅仅”“只有”“最多不超过”，强调少。如： --This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只要30分钟。 --The pub was no more than half full. 该酒吧的上座率最多不超过五成。 -For thirty years，he had done no more than he （had）needed to. 30年来，他只干了他需要干的工作。 2. not more than 为more than （多于）的否定式，其意为“不多于”“不超过”。如： Not more than 10 guests came to her birthday party. 来参加她的生日宴会的客人不超过十人。 比较： She has no more than three hats. 她只有3顶帽子。（太少了） She has not more than three hats. 她至多有3顶帽子。（也许不到3顶帽子） I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱最多不过5元。（言其少） I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。（也许不到5元） no more...than 与not more...than
1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词 3.keep +doing 一直做某事 4.keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事。。。 5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 6.How long may I keep this book ？ keep指借。 keep的用法小结 keep是高考常考词汇之一，其含义丰富，与其搭配的短语也很多，其主要用法如下： A、用作及物动词 （1）保留、保存、保持、留下 e.g. We'd better keep a seat for him. 我们最好给他留个座位。 He kept all the money in the bank. 他把所有的钱都存入了银行。 （2）履行（诺言）遵守 e.g. One should keep one's promise. 一个人应当遵守自己的诺言。 Everybody must keep the law. 人人都必须守法。 （3）赡养，养活，饲养 e.g. He has a large family to keep. 他有一大家人要养活。 The old man kept many animals like dogs, pigs and cats. 这位老人养了许多动物，像狗、猪、还有猫等。 （4）经营，管理
e.g. He kept a hotel in this city. 在这座城市里，他开了一家旅店。 She is good at keeping house. 她擅长管理家务。 （5）保守（秘密），记（日记、帐） e.g. All of the people keep the Spring Festival in our country. 我国所有的人都庆祝春节。 Some of them keep birthdays. 他们中有些人庆祝生日。 （7）使……处于某种状态（情况） 在这种情况下，keep常跟复合结构（keep＋宾语＋补语）。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。 e.g. He kept me waiting for half an hour. 他让我等了半个小时。 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 少说话，多观察。 The doctor kept me in for a week. 医生一周没让我出去。 He always keeps his books in good order. 他总是把书放得整整齐齐。 B、用作不及物动词 （1）保持、继续（处于某种状态）（keep为连系动词）
知识点滴：单词prefer 的用法大全 1. prefer+ 名词 ——Would you like meat or fish? ——I'd prefer meat ，please. 2. prefer+ 动名词 Do you prefer cooling for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 自己做饭还是喜欢下馆子？ —Do you like swimming? 你喜欢游泳吗？ —Yes, but I prefer sailing. 喜欢，但我更喜欢驾驶帆船。 3. prefer+ 不定式 Do you prefer to cook for yourself, or to eat in a restaurant? I prefer to spend the weekend at home. 我喜欢在家里度周末。 I would prefer to stay at home tonight. She prefers to be alone. 4. Prefer sb. to do sth. Their father prefers them to be home early. 他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。 I thought you would prefer me not to knock. 5. prefer A to B 在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。例如： I prefer dogs to cats. 在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。 Most people prefer trains to buses. 大多 数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。 I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。 I prefer staying at home to going out. 我觉得在家里比出去好。 Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-music to doing it in a quiet room. 成千上万的孩子如今一边听流行音乐一边做作业， 也不愿在安安静静的房间里做。 She has always preferred marking her own clothes rather than buying them in the shops. 她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服。 6. Prefer+ 不定式+rather than+ 不定式 1) 本句型中，第一个不定式前面要加to ，第二个不定式前面以不加to 居多。例如：He prefer to die rather than become traitor. 他宁死也不做叛徒。 Older people often fear change. They know what they can do best. They prefer to repeat their successes rather than risk failure. 年纪大的人常常怕变化。他们知道什么最拿手，宁愿把自己成功的经验再如法炮制也不愿冒失败的危险。 She preferred to sew rather than to knit. 她喜欢缝纫而不喜欢编织。 2) rather than 也可以置于句首： Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one. 3) than 后也可用动名词： I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film. 我觉得与其去看电影倒不如待在家里。 I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/driving all the
用作动词(v.) keep about〔around〕1( v.+adv. ) 1. 继续履行职责go on with one's duties keep about〔around〕 She is very ill, but she still keeps about. 她虽然病得很重,但仍然继续工作。 2. 使手边常有have sth always present keep sth ? about〔around〕 I like to keep a few envelopes around in case I need them.我喜欢手边常有几个信封,以应不时之需。 keep about〔around〕2 ( v.+prep. ) keep abreast of( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep after( v.+prep. ) keep aloof( v.+adv. )
keep apart( v.+adv. ) keep at( v.+prep. ) keep away( v.+adv. ) keep away from( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep back( v.+adv. ) keep behind1( v.+adv. ) keep behind2 ( v.+prep. ) keep by1( v.+adv. ) keep by2( v.+prep. ) keep down( v.+adv. ) keep for( v.+prep. ) keep from( v.+prep. ) keep going( v.+adj. ) keep in1( v.+adv. ) keep in2( v.+prep. )
与than有关短语的用法例析 一、more than的用法 1. “more than＋名词”表示“不仅仅是” Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。 Jack is more than a teacher, he is a writer, too. 杰克不仅是一位教师，而且也是个作家。 We need more than material wealth to build our country. 建设我们国家，不仅仅需要物质财富. 2. “More than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如： I have known David for more than 20 years. 我认识大卫不止20年了。 More than one person has made this suggestion. 不止一人提过这个建议. 3. “More than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如： In doing scientific experiments, every student must be more than careful with the instruments. 在做科学实验时，每个学生必须非常小心地（使用）仪器。 I tell you that I am more than glad to help you. 我告诉你：我很高兴帮助你。 4. more than + (that)从句，其基本意义是“超过（=over）”，但可译成“简直不”“远非” “难以，完全不能（其后通常连用情态动词can）”，如： That is more than I can understand. 那非我所能懂的。 That is more than I can tell. 那事我实在不明白。 The heat there was more than he could stand. 那儿的炎热程度是他所不能忍受的 5. “more than”也在一些惯用语中出现，如： More often than not, people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give. 经常，人们更关注他们所获得的，而不是他们所给予的。 All of us are more than a little concerned about the current economic problems. 我们中所有人非常关心目前的经济问题。 二、more...than 的用法 1. 比……多，比……更 He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。 He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。 2. 与其……不如 He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 He is more (a) scholar than (a) teacher. 与其说他是位教师，不如说他是位学者。 【注意】：该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较，其中的比较级必须用加more 的形式，不能用加词尾-er的形式。 三、no more than 与not more than 1. no more than 的意思是“仅仅”“只有”“最多不超过”，强调少。如： This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只要30分钟。 The pub was no more than half full. 该酒吧的上座率最多不超过五成。 For thirty years，he had done no more than he (had) needed to. 30年来，他只干了他需要干的工作。
rather than 是一个并列连词， 1.表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下： (1) 连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2) 连接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 (4) 连接两个分句 We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 (5) 连接两个不定式 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。 注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go
英语复习资料动词用法 1. stop doing sth. 2. stop to do sth. 3. finish doing sth. 4. practice doing sth. 5. want to do sth. 6. ask sb/ not /to do sth 7. tell sb./not /to do sth. 8. would like to do sth . 9.in vite sb to do sth. 10. like to do /doi ng sth. 11. help sb. do/to do sth. 12. do some shopp in g/read in g/clea nin g/washi ng/ 13. should/must/ca n/may/have to/be able to/could/do sth. 14. remember/forget doing sth 15. remember /forget to do sth 16. watch/see/hear sb do sth 17. watch /see/hear sb doing sth. 18. n eed do/n eed to do /n eed doing 19. teach sb to do sth.
20. be good at doing sth ./be bad in 21. do well in doing sth. /do badly in 22. be weak in doing sth 23. be afraid of doing sth ./to do sth 24. seem to do sth ./seem + 形容词 25. why not do sth=why donot you do sth. 26. worry about doing sth （介词后面一般跟doing形式） 27. without doing 28.it is + 形容词+for sb .+to do sth 29. be in terested in doing sth 30. be surprised to do sth 31.look forward to doing sth 32. have time to do sth ./have no time to do sth. 33. have a good time /have fun /trouble/problem doing sth. 34. enjoy doing sth. 35. too.+形容词...to..+动词原形.. 36. be + 形容词+en ough to do sth 37. dislike doing /to do sth.
Keep 用法知多少 keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一，用法归纳如下： 一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。如： Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ After the accident, he still kept alive. 这次事故之后，他仍然活着。 二、用作实义动词，可表示： 1. 保管；保存；保留。如： Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间，请你替我保管这些东西。 2. 赡养；饲养。如： Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family? 他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗？ I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时常常养羊。 3. 经营。如： Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。 4. 坚持；继续。后面如接动词，要用V-ing 形式作宾语。如： If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语，你很快就会取得很大的进步。 5. 阻止；阻碍。常用于keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中，其中介词from 不能省略。如： The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。 6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 ①keep + sb/sth + 介词。如：
have sth. done，have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 四种 句型的区别 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。 例：①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。（2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。 例：①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完 成此项工作。 （3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。 例：①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。 (4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例：①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例：①I had him repair my bike. （=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 （2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。 例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. （3）表示主语“经历”某事。 例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 （4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。 （1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。 例：①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起来。 ②I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。 （2）在否定结构中，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。 例：we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。 四、have sth. to do表示“有某事要完成”，其中不定式作定语，且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。 （1）如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。 例：①I have some letters to write.我有几封信要写。 ②He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要养活。 （2）如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。 例：“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.佣人问道：“你今天有没有衣服要（我）洗？”
Keep用法归纳 在人教版初中英语教材中，keep是要求学生必须掌握的四会词之一，现将其多见用法归纳小结如下，以利于大家正确地使用该词。 一、用作及物动词 1.意为“保存；保留；保持；保守“。如： Could you keep these letters for me, please?你能替我保存这些信吗？ I“ll keep a seat for you.我给你留个座位。 It can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat for a long time in hot summer.在炎夏的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜。 Can you keep a secret?你能保守秘密吗？ 2.意为“照顾；养活“等。如： She kept her sister for a week while her sister was ill.她妹妹有病时，她照看她了一个星期。 I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。 3.意为“留下；不必还“。如： You can keep the pen if you like it.你要是喜欢就把钢笔留下吧。 Keep the change.不用找零钱了。 4.意为“遵守；维护“。如： Everyone must keep the rules.人人必须遵守规章制度。 The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。 5.意为“售；卖“。如： The shop keeps everything you need.那家商店里出售的东西应有尽有。
比较级:使用than的常见语法难点 一、后接人称代词用主格还是宾格 由于than既可用作连词也可用作介词，所以当后接人称代词时，可用主格也可用宾格。通常认为在正式文体中多用主格，在口语或非正式文体中多用宾语。如： Everyone here is taller than I [me]. 这儿的每一个人都比我高。 Her sister swims faster than she [her]. 她姐姐游泳比她快。 但是，若人称代词之后跟有动词，则只能用主格。如： Everyone here is taller than I am. 这儿的每一个人都比我高。 Her sister swims faster than she does. 她姐姐游泳比她快。 注意：有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较： I love you more than he (likes you). 我比他更爱你。 I love you more than (he likes) him. 我爱你胜过爱他。 二、后接动词用不定式还是动名词 1. 当连接两个非谓语动词时，通常应使用一样的形式。如： It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it. 借债容易还债难。 He likes playing chess more than watching TV. 与看电视相比，他更喜欢下棋。 比较： He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive. =He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive. 他认为他自己开车比让我开车要更安全些。 2. 若不是连接两个非谓语动词，则其后出现的动词通常用动名词形式(虽然也可用不定式，但不如用动名词普通)。如： There are worse calamities than failing your driving test. 比起你驾驶考试不合格来说，更大的灾难还多着呢。 Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart. 再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。 Nothing is more unpleasant than finding [to find] insects in your bath. 最使人不快的是在浴室里发现有虫子。 三、引导比较状语从句的时态问题
rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下： 1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如： She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下： (1) 连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2) 连接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 (3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 (4) 连接两个分句 We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 (5) 连接两个不定式
prefer的用法 一、后接不定式时与rather than 或instead of连用，如：He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. / He perferred to die ins tead of stealing. 他宁死也不去偷窃。 二、注意介词搭配，如： I prefer swimming to skating. (I like swimming better than skating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。prefer 因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与more 或most连用。 三、prefer＋名词或动名词“宁愿”，“更喜欢”。He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。 I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。 四、prefer to do “愿意做”。I prefer to go at once.我愿意马上就走。 五、prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做” I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走。 六、prefer to sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”. I prefer tea to milk.我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去。 七、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做...而不做...” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。