英语学习中的六种基本句型结构
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英语学习中的六种基本句型结构
英语的句式从表达形式上来看,形式多样且丰富多彩,但仔细观察后就不难发现,无论其怎样变化,它们大都基本保持了常见的六个句型结构。也就是说,绝大多数英语句子都是由这六个基本句式演变、衍生而成的。因此,掌握好这六个基本句型以及他们的基本用法,对于初学英语的同学们来说,就显得非常重要了。这里做一简单列举与说明,希望对同学们的学习有所帮助:
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
一:SV(主+谓)主语———动词
二:SVP(主+系+表)主语———动词———表语
三:SVO(主+谓+宾)主语———动词———宾语
四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)主语———动词———宾语———宾语
五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)主语———动词———宾语———补语六:There be + 主语+ 其它
一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。
3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
1.The sun is rising.
2.I'll try.
3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)
4.The engine broke down.
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。
1.The book sells well.
2.The window won't shut.
3.The pen writes smoothly.
4.Cheese cuts easily.
二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.
这棵树比以前长得高多了。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)
2.Gradualy he became silent.(形容词做表语)
3.She remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)
4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)
6.The television was on.(副词做表语)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)
9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即:表语从句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
三、句型3:Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语) +Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:
1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)
她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语)
2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)
3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)
4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语)
6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即:宾语从句)
注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。
四句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:
buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。
上述句子还可以表达为:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
1.He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
2.She gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
3.She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
4.She cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.